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Makovicky P, Poracova J, Konecna M, Margetin M, Nagy M. Mastitis in a flock of milking sheep. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2023; 165:524-528. [PMID: 37403592 DOI: 10.17236/sat00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Determination of somatic cell counts (SCC) becomes more and more important also for ewe's milk. SCC can be a useful indicator of milk quality for milk processors while it can be a mastitis indicator for sheep keepers and an important selection criterion for breeders. The objective of our study was to acquire basic information about factors influencing SCC variability in lambing ewes of the Tsigai (T) and Improved Valachian (IV) breeds. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined in 866 milk samples in 2017 and 2018, during lamb sucking and during milking period. An instrument Fossomatic 90 (Foss Electric, Hillerød, Denmark) was used for analysis. Average SCC varied from 270 to 1897 × 103 cells/ml during lamb sucking and from 268 to 2139 × 103 cells/ml during milking period. Differences between the sampling periods were statistically significant in 2017. An increase in SCC was observed at the end of both sucking and milking periods. An overall evaluation of lactation brought about the average SCC at 364 × 103 cells/ml in 2017 (log(10) SCC - 2,25) and at 1,091 × 103 cells/ml in 2018 (log(10) SCC - 2,68). The indicator log(10) was significantly influenced by breed in 2017 (T - 2,61; IV - 2,75). The effect of lactation number and number of sucking lambs did not have any significant influence on SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Makovicky
- J. Selye University, Faculty of Education, Bratislavská, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Research Center SAS, Institution of Experimental Oncology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ostrava-Vitkovice, Czech Republic
| | - J Poracova
- University of Presov, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - M Konecna
- University of Presov, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - M Margetin
- Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - M Nagy
- J. Selye University, Faculty of Education, Bratislavská, Slovak Republic
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Middleton J, Abdad MY, Beauchamp E, Colthart G, Cooper MJF, Dem F, Fairhead J, Grundy CL, Head MG, Inacio J, Jimbudo M, Jones CI, Konecna M, Laman M, MacGregor H, Novotny V, Peck M, Paliau J, Philip J, Pomat W, Roberts CH, Sui S, Stewart AJ, Walker SL, Cassell JA. Health service needs and perspectives of remote forest communities in Papua New Guinea: study protocol for combined clinical and rapid anthropological assessments with parallel treatment of urgent cases. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041784. [PMID: 33130572 PMCID: PMC7733180 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our project follows community requests for health service incorporation into conservation collaborations in the rainforests of Papua New Guinea (PNG). This protocol is for health needs assessments, our first step in coplanning medical provision in communities with no existing health data. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study includes clinical assessments and rapid anthropological assessment procedures (RAP) exploring the health needs and perspectives of partner communities in two areas, conducted over 6 weeks fieldwork. First, in Wanang village (population c.200), which is set in lowland rainforest. Second, in six communities (population c.3000) along an altitudinal transect up the highest mountain in PNG, Mount Wilhelm. Individual primary care assessments incorporate physical examinations and questioning (providing qualitative and quantitative data) while RAP includes focus groups, interviews and field observations (providing qualitative data). Given absence of in-community primary care, treatments are offered alongside research activity but will not form part of the study. Data are collected by a research fellow, primary care clinician and two PNG research technicians. After quantitative and qualitative analyses, we will report: ethnoclassifications of disease, causes, symptoms and perceived appropriate treatment; community rankings of disease importance and service needs; attitudes regarding health service provision; disease burdens and associations with altitudinal-related variables and cultural practices. To aid wider use study tools are in online supplemental file, and paper and ODK versions are available free from the corresponding author. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Challenges include supporting informed consent in communities with low literacy and diverse cultures, moral duties to provide treatment alongside research in medically underserved areas while minimising risks of therapeutic misconception and inappropriate inducement, and PNG research capacity building. Brighton and Sussex Medical School (UK), PNG Institute of Medical Research and PNG Medical Research Advisory Committee have approved the study. Dissemination will be via journals, village meetings and plain language summaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Middleton
- Primary Care and Public Health, and NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
- Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Mohammad Yazid Abdad
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka/Madang, Papua New Guinea
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Emilie Beauchamp
- International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK
| | - Gavin Colthart
- Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
- Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, North Queensland, Australia
| | - Maxwell J F Cooper
- Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Francesca Dem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | - James Fairhead
- Anthropology, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Caroline L Grundy
- Sussex Sustainability Research Programme, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Michael G Head
- Faculty of Medicine and Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Joao Inacio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mavis Jimbudo
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Martina Konecna
- Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka/Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Vojtech Novotny
- Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Ecology, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mika Peck
- Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Jason Paliau
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jonah Philip
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | - Willie Pomat
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka/Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Chrissy H Roberts
- Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shen Sui
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Nagada, Papua New Guinea
| | - Alan J Stewart
- Evolution, behaviour and environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Stephen L Walker
- Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases and Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jackie A Cassell
- Primary Care and Public Health, and NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Neglected Tropical Diseases, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
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Kubenova B, Konecna M, Majolo B, Smilauer P, Ostner J, Schülke O. Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male-infant-male interactions in Barbary macaques. Anim Cogn 2016; 20:221-232. [PMID: 27734208 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-016-1041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Social knowledge beyond one's direct relationships is a key in successfully manoeuvring the social world. Individuals gather information on the quality of social relationships between their group companions, which has been termed triadic awareness. Evidence of the use of triadic awareness in natural contexts is limited mainly to conflict management. Here we investigated triadic awareness in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the context of bridging interactions defined as male-infant-male interactions whereby a male (initiator, holder) presents an infant to another male (receiver, non-holder) in order to initiate an affiliative interaction with that male. Analyses based on 1263 h of focal observations on ten infants of one wild social group in Morocco supported the hypothesis that males use their knowledge of the relationship between infants and other adult males when choosing a male as a partner for bridging interactions. Specifically, (i) the number of bridging interactions among holder-infant-receiver triads was positively affected by the strength of the infant-receiver relationship and (ii) when two males were available as bridging partners, a male was more likely to be chosen as the receiver the stronger his social relationship with the infant relative to the other available male. This demonstrates that non-human primates establish triadic awareness of temporary infant-male relationships and use it in a naturally occurring affiliative context. Our results contribute to the discussion about the mechanism underlying the acquisition of triadic awareness and the benefits of its usage, and lend support to hypotheses linking social complexity to the evolution of complex cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kubenova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. .,Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center and Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Martina Konecna
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bonaventura Majolo
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincolnshire, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Petr Smilauer
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Centre, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center and Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Centre, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center and Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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