1
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Myhre PL, Hung CL, Frost MJ, Jiang Z, Ouwerkerk W, Teramoto K, Svedlund S, Saraste A, Hage C, Tan RS, Beussink-Nelson L, Fermer ML, Gan LM, Hummel YM, Lund LH, Shah SJ, Lam CSP, Tromp J. External validation of a deep learning algorithm for automated echocardiographic strain measurements. Eur Heart J Digit Health 2024; 5:60-68. [PMID: 38264705 PMCID: PMC10802824 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Aims Echocardiographic strain imaging reflects myocardial deformation and is a sensitive measure of cardiac function and wall-motion abnormalities. Deep learning (DL) algorithms could automate the interpretation of echocardiographic strain imaging. Methods and results We developed and trained an automated DL-based algorithm for left ventricular (LV) strain measurements in an internal dataset. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was validated externally in (i) a real-world Taiwanese cohort of participants with and without heart failure (HF), (ii) a core-lab measured dataset from the multinational prevalence of microvascular dysfunction-HF and preserved ejection fraction (PROMIS-HFpEF) study, and regional strain in (iii) the HMC-QU-MI study of patients with suspected myocardial infarction. Outcomes included measures of agreement [bias, mean absolute difference (MAD), root-mean-squared-error (RMSE), and Pearson's correlation (R)] and area under the curve (AUC) to identify HF and regional wall-motion abnormalities. The DL workflow successfully analysed 3741 (89%) studies in the Taiwanese cohort, 176 (96%) in PROMIS-HFpEF, and 158 (98%) in HMC-QU-MI. Automated GLS showed good agreement with manual measurements (mean ± SD): -18.9 ± 4.5% vs. -18.2 ± 4.4%, respectively, bias 0.68 ± 2.52%, MAD 2.0 ± 1.67, RMSE = 2.61, R = 0.84 in the Taiwanese cohort; and -15.4 ± 4.1% vs. -15.9 ± 3.6%, respectively, bias -0.65 ± 2.71%, MAD 2.19 ± 1.71, RMSE = 2.78, R = 0.76 in PROMIS-HFpEF. In the Taiwanese cohort, automated GLS accurately identified patients with HF (AUC = 0.89 for total HF and AUC = 0.98 for HF with reduced ejection fraction). In HMC-QU-MI, automated regional strain identified regional wall-motion abnormalities with an average AUC = 0.80. Conclusion DL algorithms can interpret echocardiographic strain images with similar accuracy as conventional measurements. These results highlight the potential of DL algorithms to democratize the use of cardiac strain measurements and reduce time-spent and costs for echo labs globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder L Myhre
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Cardiac Biomarkers, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kanako Teramoto
- Department of Biostatistics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sara Svedlund
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Ribocure Pharmaceuticals AB/Ribo Life Science Co Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antti Saraste
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Camilla Hage
- Department of Cardiology, Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ru-San Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lauren Beussink-Nelson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria L Fermer
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Ribocure Pharmaceuticals AB/Ribo Life Science Co Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lars H Lund
- Department of Cardiology, Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasper Tromp
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Brügger A, Bilheux HZ, Lin JYY, Nelson GJ, Kiss AM, Morris J, Connolly MJ, Long AM, Tremsin AS, Strzelec A, Anderson MH, Agasie R, Finney CEA, Wissink ML, Hubler MH, Pellenq RJM, White CE, Heuser BJ, Craft AE, Harp JM, Tan C, Morris K, Junghans A, Sevanto S, Warren JM, Esteban Florez FL, Biris AS, Cekanova M, Kardjilov N, Schillinger B, Frost MJ, Vogel SC. The Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D) at the Spallation Neutron Source (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:2890223. [PMID: 37171234 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is planning to build the Second Target Station (STS) at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). STS will host a suite of novel instruments that complement the First Target Station's beamline capabilities by offering an increased flux for cold neutrons and a broader wavelength bandwidth. A novel neutron imaging beamline, named the Complex, Unique, and Powerful Imaging Instrument for Dynamics (CUPI2D), is among the first eight instruments that will be commissioned at STS as part of the construction project. CUPI2D is designed for a broad range of neutron imaging scientific applications, such as energy storage and conversion (batteries and fuel cells), materials science and engineering (additive manufacturing, superalloys, and archaeometry), nuclear materials (novel cladding materials, nuclear fuel, and moderators), cementitious materials, biology/medical/dental applications (regenerative medicine and cancer), and life sciences (plant-soil interactions and nutrient dynamics). The innovation of this instrument lies in the utilization of a high flux of wavelength-separated cold neutrons to perform real time in situ neutron grating interferometry and Bragg edge imaging-with a wavelength resolution of δλ/λ ≈ 0.3%-simultaneously when required, across a broad range of length and time scales. This manuscript briefly describes the science enabled at CUPI2D based on its unique capabilities. The preliminary beamline performance, a design concept, and future development requirements are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Brügger
- Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Hassina Z Bilheux
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Spallation Neutron Source, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jiao Y Y Lin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - George J Nelson
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Alabama-Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Andrew M Kiss
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Photon Science Division, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Connolly
- Material Measurement Laboratory/Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Alexander M Long
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Anton S Tremsin
- Space Science Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrea Strzelec
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Mark H Anderson
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Robert Agasie
- College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Charles E A Finney
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Martin L Wissink
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Mija H Hubler
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Roland J-M Pellenq
- International Research Laboratory, CNRS-George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Claire E White
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Brent J Heuser
- The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Aaron E Craft
- Idaho National Laboratory, Characterization and Advanced Post-Irradiation Examination Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA
| | - Jason M Harp
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Nuclear Energy and Fuel Cycle Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Chuting Tan
- Idaho National Laboratory, Characterization and Advanced Post-Irradiation Examination Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, USA
| | | | - Ann Junghans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering and Nonproliferation Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Fernando L Esteban Florez
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117, USA
| | - Alexandru S Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, USA
| | - Maria Cekanova
- Integrity Laboratories, LLC, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, USA
| | - Nikolay Kardjilov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin, Institute Applied Materials, Berlin 14109, Germany
| | | | - Matthew J Frost
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Sven C Vogel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Broussard LJ, Barrow JL, DeBeer-Schmitt L, Dennis T, Fitzsimmons MR, Frost MJ, Gilbert CE, Gonzalez FM, Heilbronn L, Iverson EB, Johnston A, Kamyshkov Y, Kline M, Lewiz P, Matteson C, Ternullo J, Varriano L, Vavra S. Experimental Search for Neutron to Mirror Neutron Oscillations as an Explanation of the Neutron Lifetime Anomaly. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:212503. [PMID: 35687456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.212503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An unexplained >4σ discrepancy persists between "beam" and "bottle" measurements of the neutron lifetime. A new model proposed that conversions of neutrons n into mirror neutrons n^{'}, part of a dark mirror sector, can increase the apparent neutron lifetime by 1% via a small mass splitting Δm between n and n^{'} inside the 4.6 T magnetic field of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Beam Lifetime experiment. A search for neutron conversions in a 6.6 T magnetic field was performed at the Spallation Neutron Source which excludes this explanation for the neutron lifetime discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Broussard
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J L Barrow
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | | | - T Dennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA
| | - M R Fitzsimmons
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M J Frost
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C E Gilbert
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - F M Gonzalez
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - L Heilbronn
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - E B Iverson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Y Kamyshkov
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Kline
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P Lewiz
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C Matteson
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J Ternullo
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - L Varriano
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Vavra
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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4
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Kirkland PD, Farrugia B, Frost MJ, Zhang C, Finlaison DS. Multiplexed serotype-specific real time PCR assays - a valuable tool to support large scale surveillance for bluetongue virus infection. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2590-e2601. [PMID: 35621508 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, real time PCR has been increasingly adopted for bluetongue diagnosis with both broadly reactive and serotype-specific assays widely used. The use of these assays and nucleic acid sequencing technologies have enhanced bluetongue virus detection, resulting in the identification of a number of new serotypes. As a result, 27 different serotypes are officially recognised and at least 3 more are proposed. Rapid identification of the virus serotype is essential for matching of antigens used in vaccines and to undertake surveillance and epidemiological studies to assist risk management. However, it is not uncommon for multiple serotypes to circulate in a region either concurrently or in successive years. It is therefore necessary to have a large suite of assays available to ensure that the full spectrum of viruses is detected. Nevertheless, covering a large range of virus serotypes is demanding from both a time and resource perspective. To overcome these challenges, real time PCR assays were optimised to match local virus strains and then combined in a panel of quadriplex assays, resulting in 3 assays to detect 12 serotypes directly from blood samples from cattle and sheep. These multiplex assays have been used extensively for bluetongue surveillance in both sentinel animals and opportunistically collected samples. A protocol to adapt these assays to capture variations in local strains of bluetongue virus and to expand the panel is described. Collectively these assays provide powerful tools for surveillance and the rapid identification of bluetongue virus serotypes directly from animal blood samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Kirkland
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - B Farrugia
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - M J Frost
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - C Zhang
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - D S Finlaison
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
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5
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Mamontov E, Boone C, Frost MJ, Herwig KW, Huegle T, Lin JYY, McCormick B, McHargue W, Stoica AD, Torres P, Turner W. A concept of a broadband inverted geometry spectrometer for the Second Target Station at the Spallation Neutron Source. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:045101. [PMID: 35489951 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BWAVES is an acronym for Broadband Wide-Angle VElocity Selector spectrometer, indicating that a novel WAVES (Wide-Angle VElocity Selector) device will be used to select the velocity/wavelength of the detected neutrons after they are scattered by the sample. We describe a conceptual design of BWAVES, a time-of-flight broadband inverted-geometry neutron spectrometer for the Second Target Station at the Spallation Neutron Source operated by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Being the first inverted geometry spectrometer where the energy of the detected neutrons can be chosen by a WAVES device mechanically, irrespective of the limitations imposed by the crystal analyzers or filters, BWAVES will feature a uniquely broad, continuous dynamic range of measurable energy transfers, spanning 4.5 decades. This will enable measurements of both vibrational and relaxational excitations within the same, continuous scattering spectra. Novel approaches that are necessary for the implementation of a WAVES device at the BWAVES spectrometer will result in a spectrometer with the design and characteristics much different from those displayed by the neutron spectrometers in existence today.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Boone
- SNS Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M J Frost
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K W Herwig
- SNS Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - T Huegle
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Y Y Lin
- SNS Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B McCormick
- SNS Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - W McHargue
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A D Stoica
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P Torres
- SNS Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - W Turner
- SNS Second Target Station Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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Frost MJ, Huegle T, Stoica AD, dos Santos AM. How to design a focusing guide: The large moderator case1. JNR 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jnr-200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As continuously shaped super-mirrors are becoming available, the conceptual design of focusing guides should explore a wider range of possibilities to accomplish an efficient neutron beam extraction. Starting from a desired phase-space volume at the sample position and using an upstream ray-tracing approach, the acceptance diagram of any focusing guide can be calculated at the moderator position. To ensure high brilliance transfer and homogeneous coverage, the acceptance diagram should be fully included in the neutron source emission phase-space volume. Following this idea, the guide system can be scaled into dimensionless geometric figures that convey performance limits for a desired cross-section reduction. Moreover, if we impose a monotonic increase of the reflection angle with divergence angle at the sample position, the shape of the mirror is analytically determined. This approach was applied in the design of a focusing guide for SNAP instrument at SNS, at ORNL, USA. The results of McStas simulations are presented with different options included. Our approach facilitates finding an optimal solution for connecting multiple guide pieces to avoid excessive losses and ensure a homogeneous phase space coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Frost
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, USA. E-mails: , , ,
| | - Thomas Huegle
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, USA. E-mails: , , ,
| | - Alexandru D. Stoica
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, USA. E-mails: , , ,
| | - Antonio M. dos Santos
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, USA. E-mails: , , ,
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7
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Kirkland PD, Frost MJ. The impact of viral transport media on PCR assay results for the detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2. Pathology 2020; 52:811-814. [PMID: 33250079 PMCID: PMC7534658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P D Kirkland
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia.
| | - M J Frost
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agriculture Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
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Frost MJ, Stoica AD, Huegle T. A first-principles approach to the optimization of neutron-focusing guide design and development. JNR 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jnr-180094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Frost
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, USA. E-mails: , ,
| | - Alexandru D. Stoica
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, USA. E-mails: , ,
| | - Thomas Huegle
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, USA. E-mails: , ,
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Coates L, Cuneo MJ, Frost MJ, He J, Weiss KL, Tomanicek SJ, McFeeters H, Vandavasi VG, Langan P, Iverson EB. The Macromolecular Neutron Diffractometer MaNDi at the Spallation Neutron Source. J Appl Crystallogr 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715011243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Macromolecular Neutron Diffractometer (MaNDi) is located on beamline 11B of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The instrument is a neutron time-of-flight wavelength-resolved Laue diffractometer optimized to collect diffraction data from single crystals. The instrument has been designed to provide flexibility in several instrumental parameters, such as beam divergence and wavelength bandwidth, to allow data collection from a range of macromolecular systems.
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Kirkland PD, Frost MJ, Finlaison DS, King KR, Ridpath JF, Gu X. Identification of a novel virus in pigs--Bungowannah virus: a possible new species of pestivirus. Virus Res 2007; 129:26-34. [PMID: 17561301 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In 2003 an outbreak of sudden deaths occurred in 3-4-week-old piglets on a farm in New South Wales, Australia. There was a marked increase in the birth of stillborn foetuses. Pathological changes consisted of a multifocal non-suppurative myocarditis. A viral infection was suspected but a wide range of known agents were excluded. A modified sequence independent single primer amplification (SISPA) method was used to identify a novel virus associated with this outbreak. Conserved 5'UTR motifs, the presence of a putative N(pro) coding region and limited antigenic cross-reactivity with other members of the Pestivirus genus, support the placement of this virus in the Pestivirus genus. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5'UTR, N(pro) and E2 coding regions showed this virus to be the most divergent pestivirus identified to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Kirkland
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, PMB 8, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia.
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Brown LM, Papa RA, Frost MJ, Mackintosh SG, Gu X, Dixon RJ, Shannon AD. A single amino acid is critical for the expression of B-cell epitopes on the helicase domain of the pestivirus NS3 protein. Virus Res 2002; 84:111-24. [PMID: 11900844 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Truncated NS3 proteins, expressed by recombinant baculoviruses, were used to investigate the location of conserved B-cell epitopes on this non-structural bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) protein. A goat anti-pestivirus antiserum, and a panel of anti-NS3 monoclonal antibodies, including the BVDV-1 specific antibody P1D8, were used to verify the presence or absence of the epitopes. Interestingly, the monoclonal antibodies reacted only with the truncated protein encompassing the helicase domain of NS3. Expression of the B-cell epitopes was dependent on, but not within, a 57 amino acid sequence at the carboxy-terminal end of this protein, supporting observations that these conserved epitopes are conformational in nature. A comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of the helicase domain from BVDV-1, BVDV-2, BDV and CSFV isolates highlighted a single amino acid that appeared to be unique to P1D8-reactive BVDV-1 isolates. Site-directed mutagenesis studies confirmed that this amino acid is critical for the expression of the BVDV-1 specific NS3 epitope recognised by the P1D8 monoclonal antibody. Surprisingly, the amino acid was also important for an epitope recognised by two group-specific monoclonal antibodies, P1H11 and P4A11. Protein modelling studies, based on the structure of the hepatitis C NS3 helicase domain, indicated that this amino acid occupies a prominent position on the surface of the protein.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Baculoviridae/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cattle
- Classical Swine Fever Virus/genetics
- Classical Swine Fever Virus/isolation & purification
- DNA, Viral
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology
- Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Goats
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA Helicases/chemistry
- RNA Helicases/genetics
- RNA Helicases/immunology
- Recombination, Genetic
- Serine Endopeptidases
- Staining and Labeling/methods
- Swine
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, P.O. Box 555, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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Frost MJ. Commune-ication as sacred circle. Beginnings 1997; 17:3. [PMID: 9348777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Saline extracts of human bronchogenic tumours, soluble in 50% saturated ammonium sulphate and also fractions from Sephadex G-200 chromatography were used to raise antisera in rabbits. After absorbing the antisera with normal tissue extracts, direct Ouchterlony tests were performed against tumour (adenocarcinomata and squamous cell carcinomata) and normal extracts. A precipitin reaction was given with all 11 tumour extracts tested at a concentration of 5 mg/ml whereas all the 9 normal lung control extracts did not react at concentrations up to 100 mg/ml. The possibility that this reaction could be related to histocompatibility differences between individuals is ruled out by the fact that in two cases tumour and normal tissue were obtained from the same patient. These studies and also precipitin-inhibition experiments have confirmed the existence of antigen associated with bronchial carcinomata and have shown that, although the antigen or a cross-reacting antigen is present in normal lung tissue, the amounts are small in comparison with the amounts extracted from tumour. Antigenic activity was contained in a single absorbance peak when fractionated by Sephadex G-200 chromatography and its elution volume indicated a molecular weight of approximately 4-0 times 10(4)D. Further purification was achieved using isotachophoresis. Preliminary characterization of the antigen has shown it to be stable at pH 4-5, resistant to heating at 50 degrees C for 30 min, to migrate on immunoelectrophoresis with a cationic mobility at PH 8-5 and to be immunologically distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen.
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