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Johansson MW, Balnis J, Muehlbauer LK, Bukhman YV, Stefely MS, Overmyer KA, Vancavage R, Tiwari A, Adhikari AR, Feustel PJ, Schwartz BS, Coon JJ, Stewart R, Jaitovich A, Mosher DF. Decreased plasma cartilage acidic protein 1 in COVID-19. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15814. [PMID: 37667413 PMCID: PMC10477339 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage acidic protein-1 (CRTAC1) is produced by several cell types, including Type 2 alveolar epithelial (T2AE) cells that are targeted by SARS-CoV2. Plasma CRTAC1 is known based on proteomic surveys to be low in patients with severe COVID-19. Using an ELISA, we found that patients treated for COVID-19 in an ICU almost uniformly had plasma concentrations of CRTAC1 below those of healthy controls. Magnitude of decrease in CRTAC1 distinguished COVID-19 from other causes of acute respiratory decompensation and correlated with established metrics of COVID-19 severity. CRTAC1 concentrations below those of controls were found in some patients a year after hospitalization with COVID-19, long COVID after less severe COVID-19, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Decreases in CRTAC1 in severe COVID-19 correlated (r = 0.37, p = 0.0001) with decreases in CFP (properdin), which interacts with CRTAC1. Thus, decreases of CRTAC1 associated with severe COVID-19 may result from loss of production by T2AE cells or co-depletion with CFP. Determination of significance of and reasons behind decreased CRTAC1 concentration in a subset of patients with long COVID will require analysis of roles of preexisting lung disease, impact of prior acute COVID-19, age, and other confounding variables in a larger number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats W Johansson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Laura K Muehlbauer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yury V Bukhman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel Vancavage
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anish Raj Adhikari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Feustel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Bradford S Schwartz
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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