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Davies M, Haklay M, Kiprutto T, Laws M, Lewis J, Lunn-Rockliffe S, McGlade J, Moreu M, Yano A, Kipkore W. Supporting the capacities and knowledge of smallholder farmers in Kenya for sustainable agricultural futures: a Citizen Science pilot project. UCL Open Environ 2023; 5:e065. [PMID: 38045732 PMCID: PMC10691338 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is often presented as the continent most vulnerable to climatic change with major repercussions for food systems. Coupled with high rates of population growth, continued food insecurity and malnutrition, thus the need to enhance food production across the continent is seen as a major global imperative. We argue here, however, that current models of agricultural development in Eastern Africa frequently marginalise critical smallholder knowledge from the process of future agricultural design due to a lack of a methodological tools for engagement. This paper addresses this by outlining a potential means to capture and share locally produced agronomic information on a large scale. We report on a 'Citizen Science' pilot study that worked with smallholder farmers in Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Western Kenya, to co-design a mobile application using the well-developed Sapelli platform that easily allows farmers to identify, record and geolocate cropping patterns and challenges at multiple stages in the agricultural calendar using their own understanding. The pilot project demonstrated the technical and epistemological benefits of co-design, the abilities of smallholder farmers to co-design and use smartphone applications, and the potential for such technology to produce and share valuable agricultural and ecological knowledge in real time. Proof-of-concept data illustrates opportunities to spatially and temporally track and respond to challenges related to climate, crop disease and pests. Such work expounds how smallholder farmers are a source of largely untapped ecological and agronomic expert knowledge that can, and should, be harnessed to address issues of future agricultural resilience and food system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Davies
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muki Haklay
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy Kiprutto
- Prosperity Co-Lab Africa and British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Megan Laws
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | - Jerome Lewis
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Lunn-Rockliffe
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaqueline McGlade
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcos Moreu
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Wilson Kipkore
- School of Natural Resource Management, Department of Forestry and Wood Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
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Long NJ, Hunter A, Appleton NS, Davies SG, Deckert A, Sterling R, Tunufa’i L, Aikman PJ, Fehoko E, Holroyd E, Jivraj N, Laws M, Martin-Anatias N, Pukepuke R, Roguski M, Simpson N, Trnka S. The Research Imagination During COVID-19: Rethinking Norms of Group Size and Authorship in Anthropological and Anthropology-Adjacent Collaborations. Anthropological Forum 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2023.2169250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Long
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Amanda Hunter
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sharyn Graham Davies
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures, and Linguistics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antje Deckert
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Laumua Tunufa’i
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Edmond Fehoko
- School of Māori Studies and Pacific Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eleanor Holroyd
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Naseem Jivraj
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Megan Laws
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Nelly Martin-Anatias
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Reegan Pukepuke
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nikita Simpson
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Susanna Trnka
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Holroyd E, Long NJ, Appleton NS, Davies SG, Deckert A, Fehoko E, Laws M, Martin-Anatias N, Simpson N, Sterling R, Trnka S, Tunufa'i L. Community healthcare workers' experiences during and after COVID-19 lockdown: A qualitative study from Aotearoa New Zealand. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:e2761-e2771. [PMID: 35088921 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic reached Aotearoa New Zealand, stringent lockdown measures lasting 7 weeks were introduced to manage community spread of the virus. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study examining how lockdown measures impacted upon the lives of nurses, midwives and personal care assistants caring for community-based patients during this time. The study involved nationwide surveys and in-depth interviews with 15 registered nurses employed in community settings, two community midwives and five personal care assistants. During the lockdown, nurses, midwives and personal care assistants working in the community showed considerable courage in answering their 'call to duty' by taking on heightened care responsibilities and going 'the extra mile' to help others. They faced significant risks to personal and professional relationships when they were required to take on additional and complex responsibilities for community-based patients. Despite the hypervigilant monitoring of their personal protective equipment (PPE), the need to safeguard family and community members generated considerable stress and anxiety. Many also faced personal isolation and loneliness as a result of lockdown restrictions. Moreover, the negative impacts of experiences during lockdown often continued to be felt once restrictions had been lifted, inflecting life during periods in which community transmission of COVID-19 was not occurring. This article makes five core service delivery and policy recommendations for supporting community-based nurses, midwives and personal care assistants in respiratory disease pandemics: acknowledging the crucial role played by community-based carers and the associated stress and anxiety they endured by championing respect and compassion; demystifying the 'heroism' or 'self-sacrifice' projected onto care workers; the timely provision of adequate protective equipment; improving remuneration, with adequate provision for time off; and regular counselling, peer support groups and education on work-life balance delivered by support workers in recognition of stressors arising from these complex and isolated working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Holroyd
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Sharyn Graham Davies
- School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures, and Linguistics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antje Deckert
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edmond Fehoko
- School of Māori Studies and Pacific Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Megan Laws
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Nelly Martin-Anatias
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nikita Simpson
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Susanna Trnka
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laumua Tunufa'i
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Laws M. Demanding from Others: How Ancestors and Shamans Govern Opacity in the Kalahari. Ethnos 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00141844.2021.2007156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Laws
- London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
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Moustard F, Haklay M, Lewis J, Albert A, Moreu M, Chiaravalloti R, Hoyte S, Skarlatidou A, Vittoria A, Comandulli C, Nyadzi E, Vitos M, Altenbuchner J, Laws M, Fryer-Moreira R, Artus D. Using Sapelli in the Field: Methods and Data for an Inclusive Citizen Science. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.638870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sapelli smartphone application aims to support any community to engage in citizen science activities to address local concerns and needs. However, Sapelli was designed and developed not as a piece of technology without a context, but as the technical part of a socio-technical approach to establish a participatory science process. This paper provides the methodological framework for implementing and using Sapelli in the field. Specifically, we present the role of Sapelli within the framework of an “Extreme Citizen Science” (ECS) methodology that is based on participatory design. This approach enables Sapelli’s users to decide, with the help of professional scientists, which challenges they wish to address, what data to collect, how best to collect and analyse it, and how to use it to address the problems identified. The process depends on the consent of participants and that the project is shaped by their decisions. We argue that leaving ample space for co-design, local leadership and keeping Sapelli deployment open-ended is crucial to give all people, and in particular non-literate people who we have found are often the most ecologically literate, access to the power of the scientific process to document and represent their concerns to outsiders in a way that all can understand, and to develop advocacy strategies that address the problems they identify.
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Simpson N, Angland M, Bhogal JK, Bowers RE, Cannell F, Gardner K, Gheewala Lohiya A, James D, Jivraj N, Koch I, Laws M, Lipton J, Long NJ, Vieira J, Watt C, Whittle C, Zidaru-Bărbulescu T, Bear L. 'Good' and 'Bad' deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from a rapid qualitative study. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-005509. [PMID: 34078630 PMCID: PMC8174027 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dealing with excess death in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has thrown the question of a ‘good or bad death’ into sharp relief as countries across the globe have grappled with multiple peaks of cases and mortality; and communities mourn those lost. In the UK, these challenges have included the fact that mortality has adversely affected minority communities. Corpse disposal and social distancing guidelines do not allow a process of mourning in which families and communities can be involved in the dying process. This study aimed to examine the main concerns of faith and non-faith communities across the UK in relation to death in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team used rapid ethnographic methods to examine the adaptations to the dying process prior to hospital admission, during admission, during the disposal and release of the body, during funerals and mourning. The study revealed that communities were experiencing collective loss, were making necessary adaptations to rituals that surrounded death, dying and mourning and would benefit from clear and compassionate communication and consultation with authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Simpson
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Michael Angland
- Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jaskiran K Bhogal
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Rebecca E Bowers
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Fenella Cannell
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Katy Gardner
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Deborah James
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Naseem Jivraj
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Insa Koch
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Megan Laws
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Jonah Lipton
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Jordan Vieira
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Connor Watt
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Catherine Whittle
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Laura Bear
- Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Trnka S, Long NJ, Aikman PJ, Appleton NS, Davies SG, Deckert A, Fehoko E, Holroyd E, Jivraj N, Laws M, Martin-Anatias N, Roguski M, Simpson N, Sterling R, Tunufa’i L. Negotiating risks and responsibilities during lockdown: ethical reasoning and affective experience in Aotearoa New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2020.1865417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Trnka
- Anthropology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sharyn Graham Davies
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Herb Feith Indonesia Engagement Centre, Monash University, Australia
| | - Antje Deckert
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edmond Fehoko
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eleanor Holroyd
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Naseem Jivraj
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Megan Laws
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Nelly Martin-Anatias
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Nikita Simpson
- Department of Anthropology, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Rogena Sterling
- Division of Arts, Law, Psychology and Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Laumua Tunufa’i
- School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
The trickster has held a prominent place in the study of folklore,
as much as it has been central to anthropological understandings of egalitarianism.
In both, the trickster embodies an insoluble tension between
the repressed, amoral desires of the individual and the moral demands
of social life. This tension, so it goes, is visible in the ambiguity of the
figure—a protean indeterminate being, neither good nor bad. Among
the Jú|’hoànsi of northeastern Namibia, the trickster is similarly ambiguous.
The figure conveys not a clash of values, but rather the doubt and
uncertainty people feel toward those with whom they share resources, or
about different ways of sharing and how they might relate to one another.
This article approaches such uncertainty through a focus on the mocking
phrase “you’re a trickster” and the moral discourses that accompany it.
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Kline C, Honeggar M, Laws M, Leachman S, Cassidy P. 831 Generation of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) knockdowns in human melanoma cell lines using CRISPR Cas9. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tull ES, Jordan OW, Simon L, Laws M, Smith DO, Vanterpool H, Butler C. Incidence of childhood-onset IDDM in black African-heritage populations in the Caribbean. The Caribbean African Heritage IDDM Study (CAHIS) Group. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:309-10. [PMID: 9051378 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.20.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare incidence rates of childhood-onset IDDM among black African-heritage populations age 0-19 years in the Caribbean region. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Population-based registries for IDDM were established on the eastern Caribbean islands of Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, St. Croix, St. Kitts, St. Thomas, and Tortola using standardized criteria from the World Health Organization (WHO) Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes (DiaMond). Average annual incidence rates (IR) with 95% CI for 0-19 years olds were computed using the DiaMond Registry program for the 5-year period from 1989 to 1993. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine differences in incidence rates. RESULTS The highest incidence rate for 0-19 year olds was for the black African-heritage population of St. Croix (IR 10.09 per 100,000; 95% CI 4.35-19.89), one of the U.S. Caribbean islands. A significant (P < 0.05) 3.9 variation in IDDM incidence across the registries was found when the IR for St. Croix was compared to the IR for Barbados (IR 2.57 per 100,000; 95% CI 0.90-4.64). CONCLUSIONS The variation in childhood-onset IDDM incidence rates among the black populations of the eastern Caribbean islands is consistent with the geographic variation in IDDM incidence seen among African Americans in the U.S. Variation in incidence rates of childhood diabetes in black populations may reflect differences in level of white genetic admixture or exposure to environmental diabetogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Tull
- Virgin Islands Center for Chronic Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Laws M. A love hate relationship. N Z Nurs J 1990; 83:13-5. [PMID: 2388730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Laws M. A clinical future. N Z Nurs J 1990; 83:25-6. [PMID: 2367013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bickley J, McManus M, Laws M. A new era for NZNA. N Z Nurs J 1989; 82:23-5, 31. [PMID: 2733920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Laws M. Prestige or pragmatism? N Z Nurs J 1987; 80:15, 27. [PMID: 3696604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Laws M. Scope of practice. N Z Nurs J 1982; 75:3-5. [PMID: 6959042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Laws M. A student in Canada. N Z Nurs J 1978; 71:25-6. [PMID: 282504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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