1
|
Jokipii Krueger CC, Park SL, Patel Y, Stram DO, Aldrich M, Cai Q, Tretyakova NY. Association of Urinary N7-(1-hydroxyl-3-buten-1-yl) Guanine (EB-GII) Adducts and Butadiene-Mercapturic Acids with Lung Cancer Development in Cigarette Smokers. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:374-384. [PMID: 38315500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of smokers will develop lung cancer. Sensitive predictive biomarkers are needed to identify susceptible individuals. 1,3-Butadiene (BD) is among the most abundant tobacco smoke carcinogens. BD is metabolically activated to 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB), which is detoxified via the glutathione conjugation/mercapturic acid pathway to form monohydroxybutenyl mercapturic acid (MHBMA) and dihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid (DHBMA). Alternatively, EB can react with guanine nucleobases of DNA to form N7-(1-hydroxyl-3-buten-1-yl) guanine (EB-GII) adducts. We employed isotope dilution LC/ESI-HRMS/MS methodologies to quantify MHBMA, DHBMA, and EB-GII in urine of smokers who developed lung cancer (N = 260) and matched smoking controls (N = 259) from the Southern Community Cohort (white and African American). The concentrations of all three biomarkers were significantly higher in smokers that subsequently developed lung cancer as compared to matched smoker controls after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity (p < 0.0001 for EB-GII, p < 0.0001 for MHBMA, and p = 0.0007 for DHBMA). The odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer development was 1.63 for MHBMA, 1.37 for DHBMA, and 1.97 for EB-GII, with a higher OR in African American subjects than in whites. The association of urinary EB-GII, MHBMA, and DHBMA with lung cancer status did not remain upon adjustment for total nicotine equivalents. These findings reveal that urinary MHBMA, DHBMA, and EB-GII are directly correlated with the BD dose delivered via smoking and are associated with lung cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Jokipii Krueger
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sungshim L Park
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yesha Patel
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hammack-Aviran C, Fair AM, Aldrich M, Richmond J, Carpenter SM, Watson KS, Cohn EG, Wilkins CH. Integrating participants as partners in research governance and operations: an approach from the All of Us Research Program Engagement Core. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068100. [PMID: 38011981 PMCID: PMC10685928 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the last two decades, researchers and funders increasingly recognised the value of engaging patients and communities in research. Despite progress, community engagement remains challenging. There are few examples of successful participant engagement in governance of large-scale research programmes. Here we describe efforts to engage participants as partners in new governance roles in the All of Us Research Program, a precision medicine research initiative which intends to enrol at least one million participants. Using intentional, participant-centric engagement strategies, the All of Us Engagement Core recruited and integrated a diverse group of participants into governance roles including Steering and Executive Committees. Evaluation measures included a survey to assess Consortium Members' readiness for participant engagement. RESULTS Over a 3-year period, all items on the survey increased (higher readiness). Of the 291 respondents to the 2021 survey, respondents most frequently agreed that participant perspectives are essential (100%), participants understand enough to contribute meaningfully (94%) and participants should be involved in setting goals (96%). Respondents least frequently agreed that participants should have an equal voice in Working Groups (75%), Steering Committee (69%) and Executive Committee (63%). CONCLUSION In conclusion, participants can be effectively integrated into large-scale research governance, which is associated with increased researcher readiness for engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hammack-Aviran
- Center for Biomedical Ethics and Society, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Ethics, Education, Policy, and Society, Research Immersion Program at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alecia Malin Fair
- Department of Medicine; Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer Richmond
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy and Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Selena McCoy Carpenter
- Office of Health Equity, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karriem S Watson
- All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Cohn
- Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Consuelo Hopkins Wilkins
- Department of Medicine; Division of Geriatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Office of Health Equity, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Actkins KV, Aldrich M, Davis LK. A POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME DIAGNOSIS IS A MARKER OF SOCIOECONOMIC ADVANTAGE. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Actkins K, Edwards DRV, Aldrich M, Davis LK. Genetic Sex Effects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Reveal Distinct Metabolic Etiology. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090082 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). High-risk groups or individuals with a family history are more likely to have a greater genetic susceptibility to these diseases, which drastically increases their risk of developing other chronic health conditions. In this study, we systematically evaluated the bidirectional genetic burden of PCOS and its comorbidities among females and males. First, we analyzed the pleiotropic effects of the PCOS polygenic risk score (PRS), a measurement of genetic liability to PCOS, across 1,857 medical conditions recorded in the Vanderbilt University Medical Center electronic health record. We conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) adjusted for median age, sex, and genetic ancestry. In the European sex-combined model (n = 72,824), we observed that PCOS PRS was significantly (Bonferroni corrected p < 7.86e-06) associated with T2D (OR = 1.11, p = 8.75e-08) and hypertension (OR = 1.06, p = 1.13e-07) in addition to polycystic ovaries (OR = 1.11, p = 1.91e-07). In the sex-stratified model, we found that males (n = 32,022) with a higher PRS for PCOS were more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to females (n = 40,802) who had higher odds of developing T2D. Although we were underpowered to detect any phenome-wide significant effects in our African descent sample (n=15,283), uterine leiomyoma (OR = 1.24, p = 3.79e-03), osteoarthritis (OR = 1.21, p = 3.94e-03), and benign neoplasm of uterus (OR = 1.24, p = 4.00e-03) were the top three nominal significant results (p < 0.05) in females (n = 9,418). To understand the genetic relationships observed in the PheWAS, we used LD score regression to determine the genetic correlation between the phenotypes. We found that PCOS was positively correlated with T2D (rg = 31%), systolic blood pressure (rg = 12%), and pulse pressure (rg = 15%). However, we found no significant associations between the genetic risk of CVD and PCOS diagnosis in the European or African descent samples. Our findings show that the genetic architecture of PCOS has distinct metabolic sex differences, but the genetic risk of those comorbidities is not predictive of a PCOS diagnosis. This suggests that other drivers are contributing to the endocrine and cardiovascular comorbid signatures that underlie PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lea K Davis
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oremus M, Taylor-Wilson R, Aldrich M, Bell K, Gaudino J, Palevsky S, Payne J, Raynes-Greenow C, Sim F, Smith M, Weiss S, Zhang Y. The role of epidemiologists in SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research. Public Health 2021; 190:e3-e4. [PMID: 33228975 PMCID: PMC7568048 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Oremus
- University of Waterloo, School of Public Health and Health Systems, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - R Taylor-Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Aldrich
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K Bell
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Gaudino
- School of Public Health and Gaudino Consulting, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - J Payne
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - C Raynes-Greenow
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - F Sim
- Royal Society for Public Health, London, UK
| | - M Smith
- Global Drug Safety, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Actkins KV, Singh K, Hucks D, Velez Edwards DR, Aldrich M, Cha J, Wellons M, Davis LK. Characterizing the Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Electronic Health Records. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:153-167. [PMID: 32961557 PMCID: PMC7765638 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility, yet current diagnostic criteria are ineffective at identifying patients whose symptoms reside outside strict diagnostic criteria. As a result, PCOS is underdiagnosed and its etiology is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We aim to characterize the phenotypic spectrum of PCOS clinical features within and across racial and ethnic groups. METHODS We developed a strictly defined PCOS algorithm (PCOSkeyword-strict) using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth and tenth revisions and keywords mined from clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs) data. We then systematically relaxed the inclusion criteria to evaluate the change in epidemiological and genetic associations resulting in 3 subsequent algorithms (PCOScoded-broad, PCOScoded-strict, and PCOSkeyword-broad). We evaluated the performance of each phenotyping approach and characterized prominent clinical features observed in racially and ethnically diverse PCOS patients. RESULTS The best performance came from the PCOScoded-strict algorithm, with a positive predictive value of 98%. Individuals classified as cases by this algorithm had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), insulin levels, free testosterone values, and genetic risk scores for PCOS, compared to controls. Median BMI was higher in African American females with PCOS compared to White and Hispanic females with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS PCOS symptoms are observed across a severity spectrum that parallels the continuous genetic liability to PCOS in the general population. Racial and ethnic group differences exist in PCOS symptomology and metabolic health across different phenotyping strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ky’Era V Actkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kritika Singh
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Donald Hucks
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeeyeon Cha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa Wellons
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lea K Davis
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karunamuni RA, Huynh-Le MP, Fan CC, Thompson W, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Kibel AS, Drake BF, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Menegaux F, Truong T, Park JY, Lin HY, Bensen JT, Fontham ETH, Mohler JL, Taylor JA, Multigner L, Blanchet P, Brureau L, Romana M, Leach RJ, John EM, Fowke J, Bush WS, Aldrich M, Crawford DC, Srivastava S, Cullen JC, Petrovics G, Parent MÉ, Hu JJ, Sanderson M, Mills IG, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Seibert TM. African-specific improvement of a polygenic hazard score for age at diagnosis of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:99-105. [PMID: 32930425 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polygenic hazard score (PHS) models are associated with age at diagnosis of prostate cancer. Our model developed in Europeans (PHS46) showed reduced performance in men with African genetic ancestry. We used a cross-validated search to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that might improve performance in this population. Anonymized genotypic data were obtained from the PRACTICAL consortium for 6253 men with African genetic ancestry. Ten iterations of a 10-fold cross-validation search were conducted to select SNPs that would be included in the final PHS46+African model. The coefficients of PHS46+African were estimated in a Cox proportional hazards framework using age at diagnosis as the dependent variable and PHS46, and selected SNPs as predictors. The performance of PHS46 and PHS46+African was compared using the same cross-validated approach. Three SNPs (rs76229939, rs74421890 and rs5013678) were selected for inclusion in PHS46+African. All three SNPs are located on chromosome 8q24. PHS46+African showed substantial improvements in all performance metrics measured, including a 75% increase in the relative hazard of those in the upper 20% compared to the bottom 20% (2.47-4.34) and a 20% reduction in the relative hazard of those in the bottom 20% compared to the middle 40% (0.65-0.53). In conclusion, we identified three SNPs that substantially improved the association of PHS46 with age at diagnosis of prostate cancer in men with African genetic ancestry to levels comparable to Europeans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan A Karunamuni
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Minh-Phuong Huynh-Le
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital-Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Sorbonne Universite, GRC n°5, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Cancel-Tassin
- Sorbonne Universite, GRC n°5, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Thérèse Truong
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina, USA.,Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)-UMR_S 1085, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Marc Romana
- UMR Inserm 1134 Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, INSERM/Université Paris Diderot-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité/INTS/Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Cell System and Anatomy and Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jay Fowke
- Department of Medicine and Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Tennessee, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer C Cullen
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Center for Prostate Disease Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ian G Mills
- Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tyler M Seibert
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | -
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Actkins KV, Aldrich M, Velez Edwards DR, Davis LK. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME COMORBIDITY PATTERNS DIFFER BETWEEN RACIALLY AND ETHNICALLY DIVERSE PATIENTS. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Actkins K, Edwards DV, Aldrich M, Davis L. SAT-024 Investigating Racial and Ethnic Comorbidity Patterns of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7208200 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly heterogenous reproductive endocrine disorder that affects up to 15% of women and is one of the leading causes of infertility. However, its genetic etiology remains poorly understood. Additionally, PCOS patients have a greater risk of having metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases, but it is estimated that up to 75% of women remain undiagnosed. Delayed treatment and care can exacerbate comorbid conditions and be detrimental to high risk populations like African American and Hispanic women. We aim to characterize genetic and environmental variables contributing to PCOS and understand its shared etiological features with metabolic disorders. To do this, we developed two algorithms to identify diverse PCOS patients using medical records. The broad algorithm used a combination of PCOS-related billing codes (Code Based) and identified a large dataset (N = 8,340) who exhibited diverse PCOS symptoms, while the strict algorithm required PCOS keywords in addition to billing codes (Regex Based). The strict algorithm identified a smaller cohort of patients (N = 4,593) who exhibited more classically diagnoseable PCOS characteristics according to Rotterdam and NIH criteria. Using both datasets, we tested PCOS case status against 1,853 phenotypes in the medical database using a logistic regression model and identified comorbidity patterns for women of European and African descent. We observed that European descent women consistently had more distinct phenotypes associated with PCOS case status than African American women. Next, we examined the interacting effects of self-reported race on PCOS case status and found four significant phenotypes (p < 6.25e-4) in our Regex Based algorithm. African American women with PCOS had greater odds of being diagnosed with “Early onset of delivery” (p = 1.3e-4, OR = 1.86), “Hereditary hemolytic anemias” (p =1.8e-4, OR = 0.65), and “Other hereditary hemolytic anemias” (p = 3.7e-04, OR = 0.90). Meanwhile, European descent women had greater odds of being diagnosed with “Hypertensive chronic kidney disease” (p = 1.7e-04, OR = 0.68). Results show that European and African American women have unique metabolic comorbidity patterns and it may also indicate that clinical PCOS diagnostic standards vary between these groups with possible disparity-causing effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lea Davis
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shipe M, Maiga A, Deppen S, Welty V, Blume J, Aldrich M, Montgomery C, Dickerson A, Crockett J, Vaszar L, Williamson C, Regis S, Mckee B, Isbell J, Rickman O, Pinkerman R, Lambright E, Nesbitt J, Massion P, Grogan E. EP1.11-24 The TREAT Model 2.0: Predicting Lung Cancer in Patients Seeking Care in High-Risk Clinics. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Aldrich M, Mercaldo S, Sandler K, Blot W, Grogan E, Blume J. MA20.05 Who Gets Screened for Lung Cancer? A Simple Adjustment to Current Guidelines to Reduce Racial Disparities. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Naqvi S, Tan I, Rasmussen J, Aldrich M, Morrow J, Blanco A, Gutierrez C, Jain K, Sevick-Muraca E, Karni R. PO-111: Dermal backflow: NIRFLI pattern associated multimodality therapy in patients with oropharynx cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Zanetti KA, Wang Z, Aldrich M, Amos CI, Blot WJ, Bowman ED, Burdette L, Cai Q, Caporaso N, Chung CC, Gillanders EM, Haiman CA, Hansen HM, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, Marchand LL, Li S, McNeill LH, Ryan BM, Schwartz AG, Sison JD, Spitz MR, Tucker M, Wenzlaff AS, Wiencke JK, Wilkens L, Wrensch MR, Wu X, Zheng W, Zhou W, Christiani D, Palmer JR, Penning TM, Rieber AG, Rosenberg L, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Su L, Vachani A, Wei Y, Whitehead AS, Chanock SJ, Harris CC. Genome-wide association study confirms lung cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 5p15 and 15q25 in an African-American population. Lung Cancer 2016; 98:33-42. [PMID: 27393504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of lung cancer have identified regions of common genetic variation with lung cancer risk in Europeans who smoke and never-smoking Asian women. This study aimed to conduct a GWAS in African Americans, who have higher rates of lung cancer despite smoking fewer cigarettes per day when compared with Caucasians. This population provides a different genetic architecture based on underlying African ancestry allowing the identification of new regions and exploration of known regions for finer mapping. MATERIALS AND METHODS We genotyped 1,024,001 SNPs in 1737 cases and 3602 controls in stage 1, followed by a replication phase of 20 SNPs (p<1.51×10(-5)) in an independent set of 866 cases and 796 controls in stage 2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In the combined analysis, we confirmed two loci to be associated with lung cancer that achieved the threshold of genome-wide significance: 15q25.1 marked by rs2036527 (p=1.3×10(-9); OR=1.32; 95% CI=1.20-1.44) near CHRNA5, and 5p15.33 marked by rs2853677 (p=2.8×10(-9); OR=1.28; 95% CI=1.18-1.39) near TERT. The association with rs2853677 is driven by the adenocarcinoma subtype of lung cancer (p=1.3×10(-8); OR=1.37; 95% CI=1.23-1.54). No SNPs reached genome-wide significance for either of the main effect models examining smoking - cigarettes per day and current or former smoker. Our study was powered to identify strong risk loci for lung cancer in African Americans; we confirmed results previously reported in African Americans and other populations for two loci near plausible candidate genes, CHRNA5 and TERT, on 15q25.1 and 5p15.33 respectively, are associated with lung cancer. Additional work is required to map and understand the biological underpinnings of the strong association of these loci with lung cancer risk in African Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Zanetti
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, D-3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 609 Oxford House, 1313 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-4682, USA.
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03755-1404, USA.
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, D-3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Elise D Bowman
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, D-3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave., Room 779 M, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-00112, USA.
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Shengchao Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Lorna Haughton McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 91, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Jennette D Sison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave., Room 779 M, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-00112, USA.
| | - Margaret R Spitz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Angela S Wenzlaff
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave., Room 779 M, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-00112, USA.
| | - Lynne Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Margaret R Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave., Room 779 M, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-00112, USA.
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1340, PO Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, D-3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - David Christiani
- Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Cancer Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Avenue, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Mezzanine, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Mezzanine, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alyssa G Rieber
- Department of General Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Cancer Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Avenue, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narvaez
- Slone Epidemiology Cancer Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Avenue, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Li Su
- Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anil Vachani
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Mezzanine, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Mezzanine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alexander S Whitehead
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Mezzanine, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Mezzanine, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA.
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 3068A, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Clayton L, Keene S, Stansel SP, Jiang M, Aldrich M, Xu H, Warner J, Denny J, Khabele D, Beeghly-Fadiel A. Abstract C19: Assessing metformin use and ovarian cancer survival from electronic medical records. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-c19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is associated with increased cancer risk and mortality. Metformin is a common first-line treatment for T2D that has been shown to have multiple anti-cancer effects. Repurposing metformin for ovarian cancer treatment is attractive, but associations between T2D, metformin use, and ovarian cancer survival have been evaluated in only a few studies to date.
Methods: Electronic medical record (EMR) data was abstracted for tumor registry confirmed ovarian and fallopian tube cancer cases from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center; MedEx was used to determine metformin use. Associations with T2D or metformin were evaluated with chi-square tests or Student's t-tests. Associations with overall survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression to compute Hazard Ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Associations with and without adjustment for age, race, stage of disease, and histologic subtype were modeled. Kaplan-Meir functions were used to visualize survival functions; differences were evaluated via the log-rank test. For 50 subjects, we used natural language processing assisted manual review to assess metformin use; a Kappa coefficient was used to compare this to MedEx captured use.
Results: EMR data was available for 414 Tumor Registry confirmed cases; of these, 372 (89.9%) were invasive epithelial ovarian cancers. Of the 372 cases, 332 were non T2D ovarian cancer cases of which 47 (14.2%) were from minority population(s) (non-Caucasian). There were a total of 40 T2D ovarian cancer cases of which 7 (17.5%) were from minority population(s). There were more high stage (III & IV) cancers among T2D than non-T2D OC cases (P=0.032). T2D cases on metformin were taller and weighed more than T2D cases without metformin use (P=0.034 and P=0.044, respectively). Associations with overall survival were suggestive but non-significant for T2D (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.47-1.08) and metformin use, either compared to T2D cases without metformin use (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.23-1.39) or compared to all ovarian cancer cases (HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.27-1.05). MedEx captured and manually curated metformin use was highly concordant (Kappa=0.96).
Conclusions: We found that ovarian cancer cases with metformin use had marginally better overall survival than both T2D cases not taking metformin and all ovarian cancer cases. While not significant, these associations indicate that metformin may have utility clinically repurposed as a treatment for ovarian cancer. Finally, high agreement between MedEx captured and natural language processing assisted manually curated metformin use indicates that MedEx captured metformin use can be used in larger EMR studies.
Citation Format: Leshaun Clayton, Spencer Keene, Samantha P. Stansel, Min Jiang, Melinda Aldrich, Hua Xu, Jeremy Warner, Joshua Denny, Dineo Khabele, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel. Assessing metformin use and ovarian cancer survival from electronic medical records. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min Jiang
- 2Vanderbilt Univeristy, Nashville, TN,
| | | | - Hua Xu
- 3The University of Texas School, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Naqvi S, Karni R, Tan I, Rasmussen J, Aldrich M, Morrow J, Sevick E. Dermal Backflow Seen Through Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging: An Early Response to Cancer Treatments in Head and Neck for the Detection of Lymphedema. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Keene S, Stansel SP, Clayton L, Jiang M, Aldrich M, Xu H, Warner J, Denny J, Khabele D, Beeghly-Fadiel A. Abstract B17: Type 2 diabetes, metformin, and ovarian cancer survival: An analysis of tumor registry and electronic medical record data. Clin Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovca15-b17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is associated with increased cancer risk and higher cancer mortality. Metformin, a common T2D treatment, is associated with improved survival for several cancers. With a five year survival of 42%, repurposing metformin to improve ovarian cancer prognosis is attractive. However, only a few studies to date have evaluated associations between T2D, metformin use, and ovarian cancer survival.
Methods: We evaluated tumor registry confirmed ovarian and fallopian tube cancer cases from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Metformin use was determined from electronic medical records (EMR) using MedEx. For validation, natural language processing EMR review was conducted for 50 subjects. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate associations with overall survival and calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI); models included adjustment for age, stage, histologic subtype, and body-mass index (BMI).
Results: Tumor registry data and EMR was available for 372 invasive epithelial ovarian cancer cases. Forty (10.8%) had T2D, and 20 had metformin use (5.4%). MedEx and EMR reviewed metformin use was highly concordant (Kappa=0.96). Associations with overall survival were suggestive but non-significant for T2D (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.51-1.25) and metformin use, either among only T2D cases (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.29-1.84) or among all ovarian cancer cases (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.31-1.21). Two or more years of metformin use was significantly associated with better survival compared to cases without metformin use (HR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.89). Exploratory analyses suggested better survival among serous cases and worse survival among non-serous cases for both T2D and metformin, but associations were not significant. Analyses to address survival time bias yielded results comparable to our primary findings.
Conclusions: Ovarian cancer cases with metformin use had marginally better overall survival. While not significant, these associations indicate that metformin may have utility repurposed as a treatment for ovarian cancer. Larger studies are needed to determine if associations differ by histology, and if metformin may be beneficial to all ovarian cancer subtypes.
Citation Format: Spencer Keene, Samantha P. Stansel, Leshaun Clayton, Min Jiang, Melinda Aldrich, Hua Xu, Jeremy Warner, Joshua Denny, Dineo Khabele, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel. Type 2 diabetes, metformin, and ovarian cancer survival: An analysis of tumor registry and electronic medical record data. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Keene
- 1Vanderbit University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
| | | | | | - Min Jiang
- 1Vanderbit University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
| | | | - Hua Xu
- 3University of Texas, Houston, TX
| | - Jeremy Warner
- 1Vanderbit University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
| | - Joshua Denny
- 1Vanderbit University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
| | - Dineo Khabele
- 1Vanderbit University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fletcher SA, Deppen S, Aldrich M, Chen H, Putnam JB, Grogan EL. Using Clinical Models at the Bedside: Overcoming the Conundrum of Missing Data. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv096.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
18
|
Wang Z, Zhu B, Zhang M, Parikh H, Jia J, Chung CC, Sampson JN, Hoskins JW, Hutchinson A, Burdette L, Ibrahim A, Hautman C, Raj PS, Abnet CC, Adjei AA, Ahlbom A, Albanes D, Allen NE, Ambrosone CB, Aldrich M, Amiano P, Amos C, Andersson U, Andriole G, Andrulis IL, Arici C, Arslan AA, Austin MA, Baris D, Barkauskas DA, Bassig BA, Beane Freeman LE, Berg CD, Berndt SI, Bertazzi PA, Biritwum RB, Black A, Blot W, Boeing H, Boffetta P, Bolton K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Bracci PM, Brennan P, Brinton LA, Brotzman M, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Buring JE, Butler MA, Cai Q, Cancel-Tassin G, Canzian F, Cao G, Caporaso NE, Carrato A, Carreon T, Carta A, Chang GC, Chang IS, Chang-Claude J, Che X, Chen CJ, Chen CY, Chen CH, Chen C, Chen KY, Chen YM, Chokkalingam AP, Chu LW, Clavel-Chapelon F, Colditz GA, Colt JS, Conti D, Cook MB, Cortessis VK, Crawford ED, Cussenot O, Davis FG, De Vivo I, Deng X, Ding T, Dinney CP, Di Stefano AL, Diver WR, Duell EJ, Elena JW, Fan JH, Feigelson HS, Feychting M, Figueroa JD, Flanagan AM, Fraumeni JF, Freedman ND, Fridley BL, Fuchs CS, Gago-Dominguez M, Gallinger S, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, Garcia-Closas M, Garcia-Closas R, Gastier-Foster JM, Gaziano JM, Gerhard DS, Giffen CA, Giles GG, Gillanders EM, Giovannucci EL, Goggins M, Gokgoz N, Goldstein AM, Gonzalez C, Gorlick R, Greene MH, Gross M, Grossman HB, Grubb R, Gu J, Guan P, Haiman CA, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Harris CC, Hartge P, Hattinger C, Hayes RB, He Q, Helman L, Henderson BE, Henriksson R, Hoffman-Bolton J, Hohensee C, Holly EA, Hong YC, Hoover RN, Hosgood HD, Hsiao CF, Hsing AW, Hsiung CA, Hu N, Hu W, Hu Z, Huang MS, Hunter DJ, Inskip PD, Ito H, Jacobs EJ, Jacobs KB, Jenab M, Ji BT, Johansen C, Johansson M, Johnson A, Kaaks R, Kamat AM, Kamineni A, Karagas M, Khanna C, Khaw KT, Kim C, Kim IS, Kim JH, Kim YH, Kim YC, Kim YT, Kang CH, Jung YJ, Kitahara CM, Klein AP, Klein R, Kogevinas M, Koh WP, Kohno T, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Kratz CP, Krogh V, Kunitoh H, Kurtz RC, Kurucu N, Lan Q, Lathrop M, Lau CC, Lecanda F, Lee KM, Lee MP, Le Marchand L, Lerner SP, Li D, Liao LM, Lim WY, Lin D, Lin J, Lindstrom S, Linet MS, Lissowska J, Liu J, Ljungberg B, Lloreta J, Lu D, Ma J, Malats N, Mannisto S, Marina N, Mastrangelo G, Matsuo K, McGlynn KA, McKean-Cowdin R, McNeill LH, McWilliams RR, Melin BS, Meltzer PS, Mensah JE, Miao X, Michaud DS, Mondul AM, Moore LE, Muir K, Niwa S, Olson SH, Orr N, Panico S, Park JY, Patel AV, Patino-Garcia A, Pavanello S, Peeters PHM, Peplonska B, Peters U, Petersen GM, Picci P, Pike MC, Porru S, Prescott J, Pu X, Purdue MP, Qiao YL, Rajaraman P, Riboli E, Risch HA, Rodabough RJ, Rothman N, Ruder AM, Ryu JS, Sanson M, Schned A, Schumacher FR, Schwartz AG, Schwartz KL, Schwenn M, Scotlandi K, Seow A, Serra C, Serra M, Sesso HD, Severi G, Shen H, Shen M, Shete S, Shiraishi K, Shu XO, Siddiq A, Sierrasesumaga L, Sierri S, Loon Sihoe AD, Silverman DT, Simon M, Southey MC, Spector L, Spitz M, Stampfer M, Stattin P, Stern MC, Stevens VL, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Stram DO, Strom SS, Su WC, Sund M, Sung SW, Swerdlow A, Tan W, Tanaka H, Tang W, Tang ZZ, Tardon A, Tay E, Taylor PR, Tettey Y, Thomas DM, Tirabosco R, Tjonneland A, Tobias GS, Toro JR, Travis RC, Trichopoulos D, Troisi R, Truelove A, Tsai YH, Tucker MA, Tumino R, Van Den Berg D, Van Den Eeden SK, Vermeulen R, Vineis P, Visvanathan K, Vogel U, Wang C, Wang C, Wang J, Wang SS, Weiderpass E, Weinstein SJ, Wentzensen N, Wheeler W, White E, Wiencke JK, Wolk A, Wolpin BM, Wong MP, Wrensch M, Wu C, Wu T, Wu X, Wu YL, Wunder JS, Xiang YB, Xu J, Yang HP, Yang PC, Yatabe Y, Ye Y, Yeboah ED, Yin Z, Ying C, Yu CJ, Yu K, Yuan JM, Zanetti KA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Zhou B, Mirabello L, Savage SA, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Yeager M, Landi MT, Shi J, Chatterjee N, Amundadottir LT. Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6616-33. [PMID: 25027329 PMCID: PMC4240198 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | | | - Jinping Jia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher Hautman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew A Adjei
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anders Ahlbom
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine
| | | | - Naomi E Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain, CIBERESP, CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Austin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA, International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Bolton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2RE, UK
| | | | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Butler
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Carreon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angela Carta
- Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xu Che
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | | | - Lisa W Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | | | - Victoria K Cortessis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP, Paris, France, AP-HP, Department of Urology, Tenon Hospital, GHU-Est, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5, ONCOTYPE-URO, Paris, France
| | - Faith G Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Deng
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- Service de Neurologie Mazarin, GH Pitie-Salpetriere, APHP, and UMR 975 INSERM-UPMC, CRICM, Paris, France
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanne W Elena
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- UCL Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | | | | | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Reina Garcia-Closas
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veteran's Epidemiology, Research and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela S Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol A Giffen
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, MD, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Robert Grubb
- Department of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Nutritional Research
| | | | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Claudia Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qincheng He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chancellor Hohensee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Preventive Medicine and
| | | | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Taiwan Lung Cancer Tissue/Specimen Information Resource Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin B Jacobs
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Bioinformed, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - In-Sam Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Genomic Research Center for Lung and Breast/Ovarian Cancers, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Brain and Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-eup, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Hideo Kunitoh
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nilgun Kurucu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle- Ankara, Turkey
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Genotypage, IG/CEA, Evry Cedex, France, Centre d'Étude du Polymorphism Humain (CEPH), Paris, France
| | - Ching C Lau
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kyoung-Mu Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | | | - Wei-Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology and
| | - Josep Lloreta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daru Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nuria Malats
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Satu Mannisto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neyssa Marina
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan, Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Scicence, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, and Center for Community-Engaged Translational Research, Duncan Family Institute and
| | | | | | | | - James E Mensah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Complex Traits Genetics Team and
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ana Patino-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Petra H M Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Porru
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xia Pu
- Department of Epidemiology
| | | | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rebecca J Rodabough
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Avima M Ruder
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Marc Sanson
- Service de Neurologie Mazarin, GH Pitie-Salpetriere, APHP, and UMR 975 INSERM-UPMC, CRICM, Paris, France
| | - Alan Schned
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology and
| | - Kendra L Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Consol Serra
- Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Sierrasesumaga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sabina Sierri
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alan Dart Loon Sihoe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Spitz
- Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Par Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology and
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sook Whan Sung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK, Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wei Tang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Ze-Zhang Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - David M Thomas
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ruth C Travis
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry Associazione Iblea Ricerca Epidemiologica, Onlus and Asp Ragusa, Ragusa Italy
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Imperial College, London, UK, Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino Italy
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Soborg, Denmark
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | - Junwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital and
| | | | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Ying
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA and
| | - Krista A Zanetti
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wassenaar CA, Ye Y, Cai Q, Aldrich M, Knight J, Spitz MR, Wu X, Blot WJ, Tyndale RF. Abstract 4149: Genetic variation in CYP2A6, a nicotine/nitrosamine metabolism enzyme, influences lung cancer risk in two independent case-control studies of African American smokers. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the association of CYP2A6 genotype with lung cancer risk among African American smokers to further our understanding of cancer susceptibility within this high-risk population. CYP2A6 gene variants are hypothesized to modify lung cancer risk among cigarette smokers by influencing smoking amount, through altered nicotine inactivation, and/or by influencing the bioactivation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
Participants were African American smokers drawn from two independent lung cancer case-control studies: a study nested within the Southern Community Cohort Study, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN with 1-2 controls matched to each incident lung cancer case by age, sex and recruitment site (SCCS: n = 494), and a case-control study from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX with controls frequency matched to cases by smoking history in addition to age and sex (MDA: n = 407). Genotyping was performed for 12 CYP2A6 reduced/null activity alleles, and participants with genotypes associated with a 25% or more reduction in CYP2A6 activity were pooled together as reduced metabolizers. Lung cancer risk was estimated through logistic regression modeling, which permitted adjustments for smoking.
Compared to the CYP2A6 normal metabolism genotype group, the reduced metabolism group was associated with a significant reduction in lung cancer risk in SCCS, MDA, and in the pooled studies (SCCS: Odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43-0.90; MDA: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-0.98; Pooled: OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49-0.84; ORs adjusted for age and sex). The association remained significant following additional adjustments for cigarettes/day and years of smoking (SCCS: OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39-0.87; MDA: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-0.99; Pooled: OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.83). Stratified analyses within the pooled studies revealed a consistent degree of CYP2A6 genetic risk across categories of cigarettes/day (≤10 cig/day: OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43-0.98; 11-20 cig/day: OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91; >20 cig/day: OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.29-1.44) and further assessment of CYP2A6 genotype and lung cancer risk according to smoking duration and current/former smoking status is ongoing. We also noted a significant interaction between CYP2A6 genotype and sex on the risk for lung cancer (SCCS: P=.03; MDA: P=.03; Pooled: P=.003) with a greater effect in men. Additional analyses are underway to explore potential contributing factors to the observed interaction.
Genetic variation in CYP2A6 contributes to lung cancer risk among African American smokers, whereby CYP2A6 genotypes associated with reduced metabolic activity confer a lower risk of developing lung cancer.
Citation Format: Catherine A. Wassenaar, Yuanqing Ye, Qiuyin Cai, Melinda Aldrich, Joanne Knight, Margaret R. Spitz, Xifeng Wu, William J. Blot, Rachel F. Tyndale. Genetic variation in CYP2A6, a nicotine/nitrosamine metabolism enzyme, influences lung cancer risk in two independent case-control studies of African American smokers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4149. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4149
Collapse
|
20
|
Wilk JB, Shrine NRG, Loehr LR, Zhao JH, Manichaikul A, Lopez LM, Smith AV, Heckbert SR, Smolonska J, Tang W, Loth DW, Curjuric I, Hui J, Cho MH, Latourelle JC, Henry AP, Aldrich M, Bakke P, Beaty TH, Bentley AR, Borecki IB, Brusselle GG, Burkart KM, Chen TH, Couper D, Crapo JD, Davies G, Dupuis J, Franceschini N, Gulsvik A, Hancock DB, Harris TB, Hofman A, Imboden M, James AL, Khaw KT, Lahousse L, Launer LJ, Litonjua A, Liu Y, Lohman KK, Lomas DA, Lumley T, Marciante KD, McArdle WL, Meibohm B, Morrison AC, Musk AW, Myers RH, North KE, Postma DS, Psaty BM, Rich SS, Rivadeneira F, Rochat T, Rotter JI, Soler Artigas M, Starr JM, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Wijmenga C, Zanen P, Province MA, Silverman EK, Deary IJ, Palmer LJ, Cassano PA, Gudnason V, Barr RG, Loos RJF, Strachan DP, London SJ, Boezen HM, Probst-Hensch N, Gharib SA, Hall IP, O'Connor GT, Tobin MD, Stricker BH. Genome-wide association studies identify CHRNA5/3 and HTR4 in the development of airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:622-32. [PMID: 22837378 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201202-0366oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci influencing lung function, but fewer genes influencing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known. OBJECTIVES Perform meta-analyses of GWAS for airflow obstruction, a key pathophysiologic characteristic of COPD assessed by spirometry, in population-based cohorts examining all participants, ever smokers, never smokers, asthma-free participants, and more severe cases. METHODS Fifteen cohorts were studied for discovery (3,368 affected; 29,507 unaffected), and a population-based family study and a meta-analysis of case-control studies were used for replication and regional follow-up (3,837 cases; 4,479 control subjects). Airflow obstruction was defined as FEV(1) and its ratio to FVC (FEV(1)/FVC) both less than their respective lower limits of normal as determined by published reference equations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The discovery meta-analyses identified one region on chromosome 15q25.1 meeting genome-wide significance in ever smokers that includes AGPHD1, IREB2, and CHRNA5/CHRNA3 genes. The region was also modestly associated among never smokers. Gene expression studies confirmed the presence of CHRNA5/3 in lung, airway smooth muscle, and bronchial epithelial cells. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in HTR4, a gene previously related to FEV(1)/FVC, achieved genome-wide statistical significance in combined meta-analysis. Top single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADAM19, RARB, PPAP2B, and ADAMTS19 were nominally replicated in the COPD meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an important role for the CHRNA5/3 region as a genetic risk factor for airflow obstruction that may be independent of smoking and implicate the HTR4 gene in the etiology of airflow obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma B Wilk
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Metayer CS, Zhang L, Wiemels JL, Bartley K, Schiffman J, Ma X, Aldrich M, Selvin S, Smith M, Buffler PA. Abstract 662: Effect of tobacco smoking on the risks of childhood acute lymphocytic and myeloid leukemias, by phenotypic and cytogenetic subtype. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Tobacco smoke contains several myelotropic carcinogens (i.e., benzene, 1,3 butadiene and formaldehyde) and is strongly suspected of damaging pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells. Objective: To examine the role of tobacco smoking in the etiology of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML), defined by phenotypic feature and type of chromosomal aberrations at diagnosis, such as translocation t(12:21) or high hyperdiploidy (51+ chromosomes). Method: Children (0-14 years old) newly diagnosed with ALL (n=839) and AML (n=145) were enrolled in a case-control study in California (1995-2008). Population-based controls (n=1226) were matched to cases on age, sex, Hispanic status, and maternal race. Parents provided information on exposure to tobacco smoking before and after their child's birth. Conventional karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) data were abstracted from the medical reports. Additional FISH assays using pre-treatment bone marrow specimens were conducted to complete cytogenetic classification. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for developing leukemia, using binary variable for ever/never smoked (ORbinary) and continuous variable for number of cigarettes smoked per day (ORcig). All models included the matching factors and household income. Results: In univariate analyses, elevated risks of B-cell ALL (n=722) were associated with pre-conception paternal smoking (“PCPS”) (ORcig= 1.02; 95% CI:1.00-1.03; p=0.04) and child's passive smoking (“CPS”) after birth (ORbinary=1.32; 95% CI:1.21-3.50; p=0.02). Analyses using mutually exclusive exposure variables (i.e., only “PCPS,” only “CPS,” and both “PCPS-CPS,” compared to no smoking) showed that the elevated risk of B-cell ALL was limited to children exposed to both “PCPS-CPS” (OR=1.50, 95% CI:1.10-2.04). The magnitude of this association increased for 133 B-cell ALL cases harboring chromosomal translocation t(12;21) (OR=2.37; 95% CI:1.41-4.01). Weaker associations were seen between “PCPS” and “CPS” and B-cell ALL harboring other chromosome translocations (n=82) or deletions (n=63). Tobacco smoking did not appear to be associated with hyperdiploid B-cell ALL (n=228) and T-cell ALL (n=70). Child's passive smoking conferred a 1.5-fold increased risk of AML (95% CI:0.98-2.26; p=0.06), with a higher risk observed for those with chromosome aberrations linked to a “favorable” prognosis (ORbinary=1.94; p=0.07; n=80). No excess risks were seen with maternal smoking during pregnancy, after accounting for other sources of smoking. Conclusions: Exposure to tobacco smoking is an important predictor of childhood ALL, and possibly AML. The observed risks contrast by phenotypic and cytogenetic subtype, providing insights in the etiology of the disease.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 662. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-662
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joe L. Wiemels
- 2University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Steve Selvin
- 1University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Martyn Smith
- 1University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blot WJ, Cohen SS, Aldrich M, McLaughlin JK, Hargreaves MK, Signorello LB. Lung cancer risk among smokers of menthol cigarettes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:810-6. [PMID: 21436064 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menthol cigarettes, preferred by African American smokers, have been conjectured to be harder to quit and to contribute to the excess lung cancer burden among black men in the Unites States. However, data showing an association between smoking menthol cigarettes and increased lung cancer risk compared with smoking nonmenthol cigarettes are limited. The Food and Drug Administration is currently considering whether to ban the sale of menthol cigarettes in the United States. METHODS We conducted a prospective study among 85,806 racially diverse adults enrolled in the Southern Community Cohort Study during March 2002 to September 2009 according to cigarette smoking status, with smokers classified by preference for menthol vs nonmenthol cigarettes. Among 12,373 smokers who responded to a follow-up questionnaire, we compared rates of quitting between menthol and nonmenthol smokers. In a nested case-control analysis of 440 incident lung cancer case patients and 2213 matched control subjects, using logistic regression modeling we computed odds ratios (ORs) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lung cancer incidence, and applied Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of lung cancer mortality, according to menthol preference. RESULTS Among both blacks and whites, menthol smokers reported smoking fewer cigarettes per day; an average of 1.6 (95% CI = 1.3 to 2.0) fewer for blacks and 1.8 (95% CI = 1.3 to 2.3) fewer for whites, compared with nonmenthol smokers. During an average of 4.3 years of follow-up, 21% of participants smoking at baseline had quit, with menthol and nonmenthol smokers having equal odds of quitting (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.16). A lower lung cancer incidence was noted in menthol vs nonmenthol smokers (for smokers of <10, 10-19, and ≥ 20 cigarettes per day, compared with never smokers, OR = 5.0 vs 10.3, 8.7 vs 12.9, and 12.2 vs 21.1, respectively). These trends were mirrored for lung cancer mortality. In multivariable analyses adjusted for pack-years of smoking, menthol cigarettes were associated with a lower lung cancer incidence (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.90) and mortality (hazard ratio of mortality = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.95) than nonmenthol cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that menthol cigarettes are no more, and perhaps less, harmful than nonmenthol cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd, Ste 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharabi A, Aldrich M, Chen S. Function of Twist-2 as an antigen presentation attenuator and effect on potency of dendritic cells for immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
24
|
Aldrich M, Buffler P. Assessing Ethnicity in Populations: Appropriate Measurement and its Implications. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s83-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
25
|
Rowntree LG, Greene CH, Aldrich M. QUANTITATIVE PETTENKOFER VALUES IN BLOOD WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HEPATIC DISEASE: A Preliminary Report. J Clin Invest 2006; 4:545-53. [PMID: 16693774 PMCID: PMC434689 DOI: 10.1172/jci100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L G Rowntree
- Division of Medicine, Mayo Clinic and The Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aldrich M. Progressive economics, and scientific racism: Walter Willcox and black Americans, 1895-1910. Phylon 2001; 40:1-14. [PMID: 11632703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
|
27
|
Aldrich M. Train wrecks to typhoid fever: the development of railroad medicine organizations, 1850-World War I. Bull Hist Med 2001; 75:254-289. [PMID: 11423683 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2001.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
From their beginning American railroads developed medical arrangements to care for the large number of workers and passengers they killed or injured. After the Civil War, both labor unrest and liability concerns led them to expand and formalize these arrangements, and three forms of organization arose. Western roads, facing an almost complete lack of medical facilities, developed employee-funded hospital organizations. In the east, companies created medical organizations under a salaried chief surgeon and contracted with local physicians to provide care. A third model, pioneered by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in the 1880s, devised a beneficial society that provided medical care and compensation for injured workers. Although these organizations involved both contract practice and group hospitalization, the AMA seems to have ignored them. In the 1880s railroad physicians developed their own organizations, including the National Association of Railway Surgeons, in which they discussed problems of professionalization and such medical matters as "railway spine." Concern with costs and labor turnover also led the carriers into preventive medicine. Some roads provided smallpox and typhoid vaccinations, campaigned against malaria, improved passenger-car sanitation, required physical examinations of their employees, and trained them in first aid. By World War I, railroad medical organizations provided care to nearly two million employees and employment to about 10 percent of all physicians.
Collapse
|
28
|
Blackburn MR, Aldrich M, Volmer JB, Chen W, Zhong H, Kelly S, Hershfield MS, Datta SK, Kellems RE. The use of enzyme therapy to regulate the metabolic and phenotypic consequences of adenosine deaminase deficiency in mice. Differential impact on pulmonary and immunologic abnormalities. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:32114-21. [PMID: 10908569 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency results in a combined immunodeficiency brought about by the immunotoxic properties of elevated ADA substrates. Additional non-lymphoid abnormalities are associated with ADA deficiency, however, little is known about how these relate to the metabolic consequences of ADA deficiency. ADA-deficient mice develop a combined immunodeficiency as well as severe pulmonary insufficiency. ADA enzyme therapy was used to examine the relative impact of ADA substrate elevations on these phenotypes. A "low-dose" enzyme therapy protocol prevented the pulmonary phenotype seen in ADA-deficient mice, but did little to improve their immune status. This treatment protocol reduced metabolic disturbances in the circulation and lung, but not in the thymus and spleen. A "high-dose" enzyme therapy protocol resulted in decreased metabolic disturbances in the thymus and spleen and was associated with improvement in immune status. These findings suggest that the pulmonary and immune phenotypes are separable and are related to the severity of metabolic disturbances in these tissues. This model will be useful in examining the efficacy of ADA enzyme therapy and studying the mechanisms underlying the immunodeficiency and pulmonary phenotypes associated with ADA deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Peyron C, Faraco J, Rogers W, Ripley B, Overeem S, Charnay Y, Nevsimalova S, Aldrich M, Reynolds D, Albin R, Li R, Hungs M, Pedrazzoli M, Padigaru M, Kucherlapati M, Fan J, Maki R, Lammers GJ, Bouras C, Kucherlapati R, Nishino S, Mignot E. A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Nat Med 2000; 6:991-7. [PMID: 10973318 DOI: 10.1038/79690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1370] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We explored the role of hypocretins in human narcolepsy through histopathology of six narcolepsy brains and mutation screening of Hcrt, Hcrtr1 and Hcrtr2 in 74 patients of various human leukocyte antigen and family history status. One Hcrt mutation, impairing peptide trafficking and processing, was found in a single case with early onset narcolepsy. In situ hybridization of the perifornical area and peptide radioimmunoassays indicated global loss of hypocretins, without gliosis or signs of inflammation in all human cases examined. Although hypocretin loci do not contribute significantly to genetic predisposition, most cases of human narcolepsy are associated with a deficient hypocretin system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Peyron
- Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University Medical School 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5485, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tepper J, Pfeiffer J, Aldrich M, Tumas D, Kern J, Hoffman E, McLennan G, Hyde D. Can retinoic acid ameliorate the physiologic and morphologic effects of elastase instillation in the rat? Chest 2000; 117:242S-4S. [PMID: 10843928 DOI: 10.1378/chest.117.5_suppl_1.242s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Tepper
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischaemic stroke occurs only in 20%-40% of patients at night. The aim of the study was to compare sleep and stroke characteristics of patients with and without night time onset of acute ischaemic cerebrovascular events. METHODS A consecutive series of 110 patients with transient ischaemic attack (n=45) or acute ischaemic stroke (n=65) was studied prospectively by means of a standard protocol which included assessment of time of onset of symptoms, sleep, and stroke characteristics. An overnight polysomnography was performed after the onset of transient ischaemic attack/stroke in 71 patients. Stroke and sleep characteristics of patients with and without cerebrovascular events occurring at night (between midnight and 0600) were compared. RESULTS A night time onset of transient ischaemic attack or stroke was reported by 23 (21%) of 110 patients. Patients with daytime and night time events were similar in demographics; risk factors; associated vascular diseases; clinical and polysomnographic sleep characteristics (including severity of sleep apnoea); and stroke severity, aetiology, and outcome. Only the diastolic blood pressure at admission was significantly lower in patients with night time events (74 v 82 mm Hg, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with night time and daytime transient ischaemic attack/stroke are similar in sleep and stroke characteristics. Diastolic hypotension may predispose to night time cerebrovascular events. Factors not assessed in this study probably account for the circadian variation in the frequency of transient ischaemic attack and acute ischaemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Aldrich M. Preventing "the needless peril of the coal mine": the Bureau of Mines and the campaign against coal mine explosions, 1910-1940. Technol Cult 1995; 36:483-518. [PMID: 11613442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
33
|
Pokorni JL, Osborn DP, Aldrich M. Using inservice videotapes to promote caregiving behaviors in the NICU. Neonatal Netw 1992; 11:43-7. [PMID: 1549076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Peterson KJ, Owen J, Aldrich M. The antepartum patient in the CCU: educational preparation for nursing staff. Crit Care Nurse 1991; 11:82-5. [PMID: 2070630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
A 40-year-old male liver allograft recipient had neurological dysfunction and renal failure while his cyclosporin blood levels were in the therapeutic range; these features recurred on rechallenge. The hypothesis that this toxic effect might have resulted from abnormal metabolism of cyclosporin by liver cytochrome P-450 IIIA was investigated with the [14C]erythromycin breath test, which is a measure of this enzyme's activity. P-450 IIIA activity was decreased compared with that in controls, including other liver transplant recipients. Pretreatment with rifampicin, an inducer of P-450 IIIA, increased enzyme activity. After treatment with rifampicin the patient could be rechallenged with cyclosporin at a dose almost twice that which had previously been toxic. The patient died during a second transplantation and the microsomal content of P-450 IIIA was found to be low in the first transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Lucey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aldrich M, Eiser A, Lee M, Shipley JE. Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on phasic events of REM sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1989; 12:413-9. [PMID: 2678403 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/12.5.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with obstructive sleep apnea and associated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep deprivation and disruption, the first night of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is often associated with increases in REM sleep time and REM density (REM rebound). The amount of REM rebound, however, varies considerably. We sought to characterize the magnitude of REM rebound and to determine what factors determine individual differences in REM rebound with initial CPAP treatment. Twenty-six patients with sleep apnea had a baseline nocturnal polysomnogram and a second night with a trial of CPAP. REM sleep time increased by 69% with CPAP, REM density increased by 73%, and REM activity by 169%. REM density was highest in the second REM period. Improvement in respiratory disturbance index with CPAP correlated significantly with increased minutes of REM sleep with CPAP. Of polysomnographic measures on the baseline night, change in minutes of REM sleep with CPAP correlated best with minimum oxygen saturation and to a lesser degree with respiratory disturbance index, and minutes of Stage 1 sleep. One possible explanation for the effect of hypoxemia on subsequent REM rebound is that some physiological functions of REM sleep may fail when oxygen saturation falls below a certain level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aldrich
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0316
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Watterberg KL, Kelly HW, Johnson JD, Aldrich M, Angelus P. Effect of patent ductus arteriosus on gentamicin pharmacokinetics in very low birth weight (less than 1,500 g) babies. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1987; 10:107-17. [PMID: 3608741 DOI: 10.1159/000457735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and its therapy on the pharmacokinetic disposition of gentamicin in very low birth weight neonates was studied. Twenty-four neonates weighing less than 1,500 g with PDA were compared to 16 patients without PDA. Patients with PDA had significantly greater apparent volumes of distribution (0.64 +/- 0.20 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.08 l/kg; p less than 0.001) and serum half-life (8.49 +/- 2.69 vs. 6.23 +/- 1.92 h; p less than 0.01). The total body clearance was not significantly different between the two groups (56 +/- 20 ml/kg/h with PDA vs. 50 +/- 24 ml/kg/h without PDA). In addition, 7 patients were studied before and after PDA closure. The apparent volume of distribution fell in every case (p = 0.02). A statistically significant effect on clearance and half-life was not found. These findings suggest that PDA increases extracellular fluid volume, but does not affect glomerular filtration rate adversely. Additionally, serum gentamicin concentrations must be reevaluated after PDA closure in premature neonates.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
We have explored further the mechanism of exaggerated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the Navajo by determining bilirubin production rates with measurements of endogenous carbon monoxide excretion. Navajo newborns had elevated serum bilirubin concentrations and endogenous carbon monoxide excretion measurements at 2 days of age compared with a Caucasian control population. These findings could not be explained by differences in gestational age, postnatal age, or hemoglobin concentration. We conclude that accentuated bilirubinemia in Navajo neonates is partially due to increased bilirubin production.
Collapse
|
41
|
Chan PK, Aldrich M, Cook RG, Busch H. Amino acid sequence of protein B23 phosphorylation site. J Biol Chem 1986; 261:1868-72. [PMID: 3944116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A major phosphopeptide labeled in vivo, was identified in nucleolar protein B23 (Mr/pI = 37,000/5.1) after tryptic digestion. This peptide was purified by high performance liquid chromatography using reverse-phase (C8 and C18) columns. The phosphopeptide contains 20 amino acids including 1 phosphoserine, 7 glutamic acids, and 4 aspartic acids. The amino acid sequence is: His-Leu-Val-Ala-Val-Glu-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Ser(P)-Glu-Asp-Glu-Asp- Glu-Glu-Asp-Val-Lys. This amino acid sequence is similar to that of nucleolar phosphoprotein C23 (8 consecutive amino acids were identical), and to the regulatory subunit (RII) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (7 consecutive amino acids were identical, which is phosphorylated by casein kinase II (Carmichael, D.F., Geahlen, R.L., Allen, S.M., and Krebs, E.G. (1982) J. Biol. Chem 257, 10440-10445). The regions near these phosphorylation sites are enriched with glutamic and aspartic acids, suggesting that this acidic amino acid cluster may be essential for kinase recognition.
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Abstract
Bright nucleolar immunofluorescence was observed in HeLa S3 cells by immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody to the nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 (MW 37 kD/pI 5.1). After 48 h of incubation in a serum-free medium, the nucleolar fluorescence was diminished and a general nuclear immunofluorescence was observed. This change in localization of fluorescence indicated that protein B23 had migrated out of the nucleoli. No gross morphological change in nucleoli was observed by light microscopy and the immunolocalization of another nucleolar phosphoprotein, C23, was unaffected by serum deprivation. Relocation of protein B23 in nucleoli was observed after refeeding with serum-containing medium. This re-entry process was not observed after treatment with actinomycin D (50 ng/ml-5 micrograms/ml), but the process was unaffected by cycloheximide (0.2 mM). Quantitation of protein B23 in the nucleoli of the control (fed) or starved HeLa cells was done by ELISA immunoassay. A marked decrease in the amount of protein B23 occurred in the nucleoli of the starved cells (11.8 micrograms B23/mgDNA) as compared with the control nucleoli (20.8 micrograms B23/mgDNA). The amount of protein B23 in the nucleoplasm (excluding nucleoli) was 70% higher in the starved cells. Protein B23 was analysed by one- and two-dimensional PAGE. Three components of protein B23 with slightly different molecular weights and pIs (37 kD/5.1, 35 kD/5.1 and 35 kD/5.3) were observed in nucleoli. The lower molecular weight components were predominantly found in the nucleoplasm.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
To assess the numbers and types of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) species, immunoprecipitation studies on HeLa cell, nuclear and nucleolar extracts were performed. A 140 KDa protein from HeLa nucleoli was immunoprecipitated by an autoantibody (E.B.) previously used to detect the proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNA). The 140 KDa protein was also detected in the nuclear extract of colon carcinoma cells (omega) labeled in vitro with 125I-Bolton Hunter reagent. When the growth of the colon carcinoma cells was inhibited by 1% N,N-dimethylformamide for two weeks, the 140 KDa protein was not detected which suggests this protein is associated with cell growth.
Collapse
|
45
|
Johnson JD, Aldrich M, Angelus P, Stevenson DK, Smith DW, Herschel MJ, Papagaroufalis C, Valaes T. Oxytocin and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Studies of bilirubin production. Am J Dis Child 1984; 138:1047-50. [PMID: 6496421 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1984.02140490047011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of oxytocin induction or augmentation of labor on rates of bilirubin production in newborns at three different institutions. Bilirubin production, assessed quantitatively by the pulmonary excretion rate of carbon monoxide or qualitatively by the blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration, was not elevated when compared with appropriately matched control groups. Previous studies have implicated administration of large volumes of electrolyte-free dextrose solutions together with oxytocin as an important factor contributing to hemolysis in the infant. The mothers in our studies received minimal amounts of free water. We conclude that oxytocin induction or augmentation of labor does not result in neonatal hemolysis and subsequent hyperbilirubinemia when it is administered without large volumes of sodium-free intravenous solutions.
Collapse
|
46
|
Alverson DC, Eldridge M, Aldrich M, Werner SB, Angelus P, Berman W. Effect of patent ductus arteriosus on lower extremity blood flow velocity patterns in preterm infants. Am J Perinatol 1984; 1:216-22. [PMID: 6240984 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We used a 20-MHz, range-gated, pulsed Doppler device to measure noninvasively femoral artery blood flow velocity patterns in 24 preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Mean spatial flow velocity and its temporal average were recorded by illumination of the entire flow stream. Peak systolic forward flow velocity (Vs), peak diastolic retrograde flow velocity (VD), mean flow velocity (Vf), and the peak to peak-mean velocity ratio, (VS-VD)/Vf, were determined serially in each patient. The changes in the femoral flow velocity pattern preceded or coincided with other evidence of ductal left to right shunting. Prior to PDA closure, (VS-VD)/Vf averaged 14.1 and Vf averaged 4.4 cm/sec; after ductal closure, (VS-VD)/Vf fell to 3.7 (P less than .001) and Vf rose to 9.1 cm/sec, more than twice the preclosure value (P less than .001). Large diastolic reverse flow velocity vectors and low mean velocity correlated with large left to right PDA shunts estimated from other methods of assessment. The noninvasive femoral artery Doppler approach detects patency of the ductus early in life, reflects left to right shunting in diastole, and emphasizes the impact of the PDA on systemic blood flow.
Collapse
|
47
|
Alverson DC, Eldridge MW, Johnson JD, Aldrich M, Angelus P, Berman W. Noninvasive measurement of cardiac output in healthy preterm and term newborn infants. Am J Perinatol 1984; 1:148-51. [PMID: 6518060 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-999991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although values for cardiac output in the newborn infant have been reported previously, the methods utilized have been invasive. To assess if cardiac output could be determined noninvasively in the neonate, we measured mean ascending aortic blood flow velocity (VAo) in well newborns using a portable 5MHz, range gated, pulsed Doppler velocity meter. Measurements were made from a suprasternal approach in 8 preterm (mean birth weight 1718 gm; mean estimated gestation age 33.3 weeks) and 14 term (mean birthweight 3127 gm; mean EGA 39.8 weeks) healthy infants under one week of age. The internal ascending aortic systolic diameter was determined echographically and aortic cross sectional area was calculated: AAo = pi d2/4. Ascending aortic blood flow (QAo) was then computed as QAo (ml/min) = VAo (cm/sec) X AAo (cm2) X 60 (sec/min). With the exclusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and detectable intracardiac defects, QAo was taken to equal cardiac output. Flow determinations were normalized to body weight. The 8 preterm infants had a mean cardiac output of 221 +/- 56 (+/- SD) ml/min/kg. The 14 term infants had a similar mean cardiac output of 236 +/- 47 ml/min/kg. The mean cardiac output of all 22 infants was 230 +/- 50. This study establishes normal values for cardiac output determined noninvasively by the Doppler technique, in the first week of life in healthy infants. These values are similar to previously reported systemic blood flows, which were determined by cardiac catheterization and thermodilution methods in healthy newborn infants.
Collapse
|
48
|
Aldrich M. Mortality from byssinosis among New England cotton mill workers, 1905-1912. J Occup Med 1982; 24:977-80. [PMID: 6759625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Little was known about mortality from byssinosis among American cotton mill workers until recent times. Between 1912 and 1919, the Labor Department published two detailed investigations of mortality by cause of death among cotton mill workers and other residents of several New England mill towns. Statistical tests reveal no significant difference in mortality rates from nontubercular respiratory diseases between cotton textile workers and other mill town residents. Even when ex-mill workers who may have died from mill-related respiratory ailments are added to work-related deaths and subtracted from the control group, mortality rates do not differ significantly. Finally, when mortality rates for workers in the most dusty areas of the mills--picking and carding--are compared with those of other Fall River, Mass., residents, the differences are still not statistically significant. Apparently byssinosis was not a cause of excess mortality among New England cotton mill workers at the turn of the century.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Fusiform swelling of the spinal cord was noted myelographically in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Autopsy revealed that the swelling was caused by Candida infection of the spinal cord. It is suggested that fungal infection be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord swelling in the immunosuppressed cancer patient.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Multiple regression analysis reveals that work in New England cotton textile mills during 1905–1912 raised age-adjusted mortality rates over those of non-mill- workers, and that worker mortality increased with years of mill experience. Mortality varied among groups because of differential self selection. Central age group native males with broad occupational choices had lower mortality rates than control groups. Young males, women, and the foreign born had restricted occupational choices. Hence they were less self selected and experienced higher mortality. Death rates were highest among married women workers who bore children. The combination of homework and millwork worsened their health and raised their mortality rates.
Collapse
|