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Wang A, Shen J, Rodriguez AA, Saunders EJ, Chen F, Janivara R, Darst BF, Sheng X, Xu Y, Chou AJ, Benlloch S, Dadaev T, Brook MN, Plym A, Sahimi A, Hoffman TJ, Takahashi A, Matsuda K, Momozawa Y, Fujita M, Laisk T, Figuerêdo J, Muir K, Ito S, Liu X, Uchio Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Lophatananon A, Wan P, Andrews C, Lori A, Choudhury PP, Schleutker J, Tammela TL, Sipeky C, Auvinen A, Giles GG, Southey MC, MacInnis RJ, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Lubinski J, Rentsch CT, Cho K, Mcmahon BH, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Weischer M, Bojesen SE, Røder A, Stroomberg HV, Batra J, Chambers S, Horvath L, Clements JA, Tilly W, Risbridger GP, Gronberg H, Aly M, Szulkin R, Eklund M, Nordstrom T, Pashayan N, Dunning AM, Ghoussaini M, Travis RC, Key TJ, Riboli E, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Cook MB, Mucci LA, Giovannucci E, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Penney KL, Turman C, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE, Finelli A, Parent MÉ, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Koutros S, Beane Freeman LE, Stampfer M, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Andriole GL, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Sørensen KD, Borre M, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Lu YJ, Zhang HW, Feng N, Mao X, Wu Y, Zhao SC, Sun Z, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, West CM, Barnett G, Maier C, Schnoeller T, Luedeke M, Kibel AS, Drake BF, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Menegaux F, Truong T, Koudou YA, John EM, Grindedal EM, Maehle L, Khaw KT, Ingles SA, Stern MC, Vega A, Gómez-Caamaño A, Fachal L, Rosenstein BS, Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Brandão A, Watya S, Lubwama A, Bensen JT, Butler EN, Mohler JL, Taylor JA, Kogevinas M, Dierssen-Sotos T, Castaño-Vinyals G, Cannon-Albright L, Teerlink CC, Huff CD, Pilie P, Yu Y, Bohlender RJ, Gu J, Strom SS, Multigner L, Blanchet P, Brureau L, Kaneva R, Slavov C, Mitev V, Leach RJ, Brenner H, Chen X, Holleczek B, Schöttker B, Klein EA, Hsing AW, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Logothetis CJ, Kim J, Neuhausen SL, Steele L, Ding YC, Isaacs WB, Nemesure B, Hennis AJ, Carpten J, Pandha H, Michael A, Ruyck KD, Meerleer GD, Ost P, Xu J, Razack A, Lim J, Teo SH, Newcomb LF, Lin DW, Fowke JH, Neslund-Dudas CM, Rybicki BA, Gamulin M, Lessel D, Kulis T, Usmani N, Abraham A, Singhal S, Parliament M, Claessens F, Joniau S, den Broeck TV, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Martinez ME, Larkin S, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Crawford DC, Srivastava S, Cullen J, Petrovics G, Casey G, Wang Y, Tettey Y, Lachance J, Tang W, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Yamoah K, Govindasami K, Chokkalingam AP, Keaton JM, Hellwege JN, Clark PE, Jalloh M, Gueye SM, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Shittu O, Amodu O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Ajibola HO, Jamda MA, Oluwole OP, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Diop H, Gundell SM, Roobol MJ, Jenster G, van Schaik RH, Hu JJ, Sanderson M, Kachuri L, Varma R, McKean-Cowdin R, Torres M, Preuss MH, Loos RJ, Zawistowski M, Zöllner S, Lu Z, Van Den Eeden SK, Easton DF, Ambs S, Edwards TL, Mägi R, Rebbeck TR, Fritsche L, Chanock SJ, Berndt SI, Wiklund F, Nakagawa H, Witte JS, Gaziano JM, Justice AC, Mancuso N, Terao C, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Madduri RK, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2065-2074. [PMID: 37945903 PMCID: PMC10841479 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Fei Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rohini Janivara
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Burcu F. Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yili Xu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alisha J. Chou
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Plym
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Sahimi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Atushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing,Graduate school of Frontier Sciences,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jéssica Figuerêdo
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Shuji Ito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - The Biobank Japan Project
- Corresponding Author: Christopher A. Haiman, Harlyne J. Norris Cancer Research Tower, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1450 Biggy Street, Rm 1504, Los Angeles, CA 90033 or
| | - Yuji Uchio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | | | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Csilla Sipeky
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health,The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health,The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christopher T. Rentsch
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David E. Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Borge G. Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hein V. Stroomberg
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Horvath
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse (COBLH), Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilly
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gail P. Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Szulkin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- SDS Life Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordstrom
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Pashayan
- University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, London, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Open Targets, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Saffron Walden, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH,, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn L. Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital – Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Hamilton
- Dept. of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Dept. of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Dept. of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerald L. Andriole
- Brady Urological Institute in National Capital Region, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - James E. Mensah
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangzhu Province, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Sun
- The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Proviouce, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, Shenyang, China
| | - Stephen N. Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catharine M.L. West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gill Barnett
- University of Cambridge Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
| | | | - Florence Menegaux
- Exposome and Heredity, CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Exposome and Heredity, CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Akoli Koudou
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cédex, France
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Fachal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Barry S. Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L. Kerns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Brandão
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ebonee N. Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James L. Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Craig C. Teerlink
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chad D. Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Pilie
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan J. Bohlender
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S. Strom
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Robin J. Leach
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy and Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anselm J.M. Hennis
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kim De Ruyck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Ost
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Azad Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia (CRM), Outpatient Centre, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lisa F. Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay H. Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology,The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Urogenital Unit, Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aswin Abraham
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandeep Singhal
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Parliament
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Esteban Castelao
- Genetic Oncology Unit, CHUVI Hospital, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Larkin
- Scientific Education Support, Thames Ditton, Surrey, Formerly Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | | | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Public Health Science, Center for Public Health Genomics,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew A. Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob M. Keaton
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacklyn N. Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E. Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayiwola Shittu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and Univerity College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Amodu
- Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O. Adebiyi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I. Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hafees O. Ajibola
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha A. Jamda
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olabode P. Oluwole
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Susan M. Gundell
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monique J. Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron H.N. van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- The University of Miami School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Torres
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael H. Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zeyun Lu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology,, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nick Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - David V. Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chen F, Madduri RK, Rodriguez AA, Darst BF, Chou A, Sheng X, Wang A, Shen J, Saunders EJ, Rhie SK, Bensen JT, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Strom SS, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, Isaacs WB, Stanford JL, Zheng W, Sanderson M, John EM, Park JY, Xu J, Wang Y, Berndt SI, Huff CD, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Lachance J, Tang W, Rentsch CT, Cho K, Mcmahon BH, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Sellers TA, Yamoah K, Murphy AB, Crawford DC, Patel AV, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Cussenot O, Petrovics G, Cullen J, Neslund-Dudas CM, Stern MC, Kote-Jarai Z, Govindasami K, Cook MB, Chokkalingam AP, Hsing AW, Goodman PJ, Hoffmann TJ, Drake BF, Hu JJ, Keaton JM, Hellwege JN, Clark PE, Jalloh M, Gueye SM, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Idowu MO, Popoola O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Ajibola HO, Jamda MA, Oluwole OP, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Mensah JE, Diop H, Van Den Eeden SK, Blanchet P, Fowke JH, Casey G, Hennis AJ, Lubwama A, Thompson IM, Leach R, Easton DF, Preuss MH, Loos RJ, Gundell SM, Wan P, Mohler JL, Fontham ET, Smith GJ, Taylor JA, Srivastava S, Eeles RA, Carpten JD, Kibel AS, Multigner L, Parent MÉ, Menegaux F, Cancel-Tassin G, Klein EA, Andrews C, Rebbeck TR, Brureau L, Ambs S, Edwards TL, Watya S, Chanock SJ, Witte JS, Blot WJ, Michael Gaziano J, Justice AC, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Evidence of Novel Susceptibility Variants for Prostate Cancer and a Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score Associated with Aggressive Disease in Men of African Ancestry. Eur Urol 2023; 84:13-21. [PMID: 36872133 PMCID: PMC10424812 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To discover common genetic variants contributing to the risk of PCa in men of African ancestry. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a meta-analysis of ten genome-wide association studies consisting of 19378 cases and 61620 controls of African ancestry. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Common genotyped and imputed variants were tested for their association with PCa risk. Novel susceptibility loci were identified and incorporated into a multiancestry polygenic risk score (PRS). The PRS was evaluated for associations with PCa risk and disease aggressiveness. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Nine novel susceptibility loci for PCa were identified, of which seven were only found or substantially more common in men of African ancestry, including an African-specific stop-gain variant in the prostate-specific gene anoctamin 7 (ANO7). A multiancestry PRS of 278 risk variants conferred strong associations with PCa risk in African ancestry studies (odds ratios [ORs] >3 and >5 for men in the top PRS decile and percentile, respectively). More importantly, compared with men in the 40-60% PRS category, men in the top PRS decile had a significantly higher risk of aggressive PCa (OR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.38, p = 4.4 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of large-scale genetic studies in men of African ancestry for a better understanding of PCa susceptibility in this high-risk population and suggests a potential clinical utility of PRS in differentiating between the risks of developing aggressive and nonaggressive disease in men of African ancestry. PATIENT SUMMARY In this large genetic study in men of African ancestry, we discovered nine novel prostate cancer (PCa) risk variants. We also showed that a multiancestry polygenic risk score was effective in stratifying PCa risk, and was able to differentiate risk of aggressive and nonaggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Burcu F Darst
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alisha Chou
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Suhn K Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yao Tettey
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Rentsch
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelly Cho
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin H Mcmahon
- Theoretical Biology Division, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Andrew A Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Department of Urology and Predictive Onco-Urology Group, Sorbonne Université, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- The University of Miami School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael O Idowu
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Popoola
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O Adebiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hafees O Ajibola
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha A Jamda
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olabode P Oluwole
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Stephen K Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Public Health Science, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anselm J Hennis
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Medical Center Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin Leach
- Department of Urology, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Gundell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rosaline A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John D Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Department of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cédex, France; Paris-Sud University, Villejuif Cédex, France
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- Department of Urology and Predictive Onco-Urology Group, Sorbonne Université, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric A Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Darst BF, Hughley R, Pfennig A, Hazra U, Fan C, Wan P, Sheng X, Xia L, Andrews C, Chen F, Berndt SI, Kote-Jarai Z, Govindasami K, Bensen JT, Ingles SA, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, John EM, Fowke JH, Huff CD, Strom SS, Isaacs WB, Park JY, Zheng W, Ostrander EA, Walsh PC, Carpten J, Sellers TA, Yamoah K, Murphy AB, Sanderson M, Crawford DC, Gapstur SM, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Cussenot O, Petrovics G, Cullen J, Neslund-Dudas C, Kittles RA, Xu J, Stern MC, Chokkalingam AP, Multigner L, Parent ME, Menegaux F, Cancel-Tassin G, Kibel AS, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Stanford JL, Drake BF, Hu JJ, Clark PE, Blanchet P, Casey G, Hennis AJM, Lubwama A, Thompson IM, Leach RJ, Gundell SM, Pooler L, Mohler JL, Fontham ETH, Smith GJ, Taylor JA, Brureau L, Blot WJ, Biritwum R, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Tettey Y, Varma R, McKean-Cowdin R, Torres M, Jalloh M, Magueye Gueye S, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Oladimeji Idowu M, Popoola O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Anthony Adjei A, Diop H, Cook MB, Chanock SJ, Watya S, Eeles RA, Chiang CWK, Lachance J, Rebbeck TR, Conti DV, Haiman CA. A Rare Germline HOXB13 Variant Contributes to Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry. Eur Urol 2022; 81:458-462. [PMID: 35031163 PMCID: PMC9018520 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion variant in HOXB13 (X285K, rs77179853) was recently reported in Martinican men with early-onset prostate cancer. Given the role of HOXB13 germline variation in prostate cancer, we investigated the association between HOXB13 X285K and prostate cancer risk in a large sample of 22 361 African ancestry men, including 11 688 prostate cancer cases. The risk allele was present only in men of West African ancestry, with an allele frequency in men that ranged from 0.40% in Ghana and 0.31% in Nigeria to 0% in Uganda and South Africa, with a range of frequencies in men with admixed African ancestry from North America and Europe (0-0.26%). HOXB13 X285K was associated with 2.4-fold increased odds of prostate cancer (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-3.9, p = 2 × 10-4), with greater risk observed for more aggressive and advanced disease (Gleason ≥8: odds ratio [OR] = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.3-9.5, p = 2 × 10-5; stage T3/T4: OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.0-10.0, p = 2 × 10-4; metastatic disease: OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.9-13.7, p = 0.001). We estimated that the allele arose in West Africa 1500-4600 yr ago. Further analysis is needed to understand how the HOXB13 X285K variant impacts the HOXB13 protein and function in the prostate. Understanding who carries this mutation may inform prostate cancer screening in men of West African ancestry. PATIENT SUMMARY: A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion in HOXB13, found only in men of West African ancestry, was reported to be associated with an increased risk of overall and advanced prostate cancer. Understanding who carries this mutation may help inform screening for prostate cancer in men of West African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu F Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Raymond Hughley
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Pfennig
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ujani Hazra
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caoqi Fan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Koveela Govindasami
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP & Sorbonne Universite, GRC n° 5, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer-Environment, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Alexander Lubwama
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Health System and The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Gundell
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Torres
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olufemi Popoola
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O Adebiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Watya
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Uro Care, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Conti DV, Darst BF, Moss LC, Saunders EJ, Sheng X, Chou A, Schumacher FR, Olama AAA, Benlloch S, Dadaev T, Brook MN, Sahimi A, Hoffmann TJ, Takahashi A, Matsuda K, Momozawa Y, Fujita M, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Wan P, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Stevens VL, Gapstur SM, Carter BD, Schleutker J, Tammela TLJ, Sipeky C, Auvinen A, Giles GG, Southey MC, MacInnis RJ, Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Lubiński J, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Weischer M, Bojesen SE, Røder MA, Iversen P, Batra J, Chambers S, Moya L, Horvath L, Clements JA, Tilley W, Risbridger GP, Gronberg H, Aly M, Szulkin R, Eklund M, Nordström T, Pashayan N, Dunning AM, Ghoussaini M, Travis RC, Key TJ, Riboli E, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Mucci LA, Giovannucci E, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Penney KL, Turman C, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE, Finelli A, Parent MÉ, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Geybels MS, Koutros S, Freeman LEB, Stampfer M, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Andriole GL, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Sørensen KD, Borre M, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Lu YJ, Zhang HW, Feng N, Mao X, Wu Y, Zhao SC, Sun Z, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, West CML, Burnet N, Barnett G, Maier C, Schnoeller T, Luedeke M, Kibel AS, Drake BF, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Menegaux F, Truong T, Koudou YA, John EM, Grindedal EM, Maehle L, Khaw KT, Ingles SA, Stern MC, Vega A, Gómez-Caamaño A, Fachal L, Rosenstein BS, Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Brandão A, Watya S, Lubwama A, Bensen JT, Fontham ETH, Mohler J, Taylor JA, Kogevinas M, Llorca J, Castaño-Vinyals G, Cannon-Albright L, Teerlink CC, Huff CD, Strom SS, Multigner L, Blanchet P, Brureau L, Kaneva R, Slavov C, Mitev V, Leach RJ, Weaver B, Brenner H, Cuk K, Holleczek B, Saum KU, Klein EA, Hsing AW, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Logothetis CJ, Kim J, Neuhausen SL, Steele L, Ding YC, Isaacs WB, Nemesure B, Hennis AJM, Carpten J, Pandha H, Michael A, De Ruyck K, De Meerleer G, Ost P, Xu J, Razack A, Lim J, Teo SH, Newcomb LF, Lin DW, Fowke JH, Neslund-Dudas C, Rybicki BA, Gamulin M, Lessel D, Kulis T, Usmani N, Singhal S, Parliament M, Claessens F, Joniau S, Van den Broeck T, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Martinez ME, Larkin S, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Crawford DC, Srivastava S, Cullen JC, Petrovics G, Casey G, Roobol MJ, Jenster G, van Schaik RHN, Hu JJ, Sanderson M, Varma R, McKean-Cowdin R, Torres M, Mancuso N, Berndt SI, Van Den Eeden SK, Easton DF, Chanock SJ, Cook MB, Wiklund F, Nakagawa H, Witte JS, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Haiman CA. Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction. Nat Genet 2021; 53:65-75. [PMID: 33398198 PMCID: PMC8148035 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Burcu F Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilit C Moss
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alisha Chou
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Ali Sahimi
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Atushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Biobank, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian D Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Csilla Sipeky
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - David E Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Leire Moya
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Horvath
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse (COBLH), Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Szulkin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- SDS Life Science, Danderyd, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital - Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milan S Geybels
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - James E Mensah
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Sun
- The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shannon K McDonnell
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catharine M L West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Burnet
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gill Barnett
- University of Cambridge Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Florence Menegaux
- Exposome and Heredity, CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Exposome and Heredity, CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Akoli Koudou
- CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Fachal
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Barry S Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Brandão
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Craig C Teerlink
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health), Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, University of the French Antilles, University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, University of the French Antilles, University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Urology, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Brandi Weaver
- Department of Urology, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Kai-Uwe Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric A Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kim De Ruyck
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Azad Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia (CRM), Outpatient Centre, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Lisa F Newcomb
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandeep Singhal
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Parliament
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Esteban Castelao
- Genetic Oncology Unit, CHUVI Hospital, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Larkin
- The University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Health Innovation Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Aukim-Hastie
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer C Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- The University of Miami School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Torres
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen K Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Darst BF, Wan P, Sheng X, Bensen JT, Ingles SA, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, John EM, Fowke JH, Stevens VL, Berndt SI, Huff CD, Strom SS, Park JY, Zheng W, Ostrander EA, Walsh PC, Srivastava S, Carpten J, Sellers TA, Yamoah K, Murphy AB, Sanderson M, Crawford DC, Gapstur SM, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Cussenot O, Yeager M, Petrovics G, Cullen J, Neslund-Dudas C, Kittles RA, Xu J, Stern MC, Kote-Jarai Z, Govindasami K, Chokkalingam AP, Multigner L, Parent ME, Menegaux F, Cancel-Tassin G, Kibel AS, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Drake BF, Hu JJ, Clark PE, Blanchet P, Casey G, Hennis AJM, Lubwama A, Thompson IM, Leach R, Gundell SM, Pooler L, Xia L, Mohler JL, Fontham ETH, Smith GJ, Taylor JA, Eeles RA, Brureau L, Chanock SJ, Watya S, Stanford JL, Mandal D, Isaacs WB, Cooney K, Blot WJ, Conti DV, Haiman CA. A Germline Variant at 8q24 Contributes to Familial Clustering of Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry. Eur Urol 2020; 78:316-320. [PMID: 32409115 PMCID: PMC7805560 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although men of African ancestry have a high risk of prostate cancer (PCa), no genes or mutations have been identified that contribute to familial clustering of PCa in this population. We investigated whether the African ancestry-specific PCa risk variant at 8q24, rs72725854, is enriched in men with a PCa family history in 9052 cases, 143 cases from high-risk families, and 8595 controls of African ancestry. We found the risk allele to be significantly associated with earlier age at diagnosis, more aggressive disease, and enriched in men with a PCa family history (32% of high-risk familial cases carried the variant vs 23% of cases without a family history and 12% of controls). For cases with two or more first-degree relatives with PCa who had at least one family member diagnosed at age <60 yr, the odds ratios for TA heterozygotes and TT homozygotes were 3.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13-7.22) and 33.41 (95% CI = 10.86-102.84), respectively. Among men with a PCa family history, the absolute risk by age 60 yr reached 21% (95% CI = 17-25%) for TA heterozygotes and 38% (95% CI = 13-65%) for TT homozygotes. We estimate that in men of African ancestry, rs72725854 accounts for 32% of the total familial risk explained by all known PCa risk variants. PATIENT SUMMARY: We found that rs72725854, an African ancestry-specific risk variant, is more common in men with a family history of prostate cancer and in those diagnosed with prostate cancer at younger ages. Men of African ancestry may benefit from the knowledge of their carrier status for this genetic risk variant to guide decisions about prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu F Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP and Sorbonne Universite, GRC n° 5, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Koveela Govindasami
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, UK
| | | | | | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Menegaux
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Team Cancer-Environment, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Rennes, France; University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, FWI, France; French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, FWI, France
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Alexander Lubwama
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ian M Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin Leach
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Gundell
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Laurent Brureau
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Rennes, France; University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, FWI, France; French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, FWI, France
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Watya
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Uro Care, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Cooney
- Department of Medicine, Duke University of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Rammah A, Walker Whitworth K, Han I, Chan W, Jimenez MD, Strom SS, Bondy ML, Symanski E. A Mixed-Methods Study to Examine the Role of Psychosocial Stress and Air Pollution on Hypertension in Mexican-Origin Hispanics. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:12-21. [PMID: 29679333 PMCID: PMC6347581 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Independent and combined effects of air pollution and psychosocial stressors on hypertension, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, among Hispanics are not well studied. METHODS We administered a pilot-tested questionnaire on individual- and neighborhood-level psychosocial stressors, developed with community input, to nearly 2500 individuals from the MD Anderson Cancer Center cohort of Mexican-Americans. We used data from local air quality monitors to estimate individual exposures to ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for the 12-month period preceding enrollment using inverse distance interpolation. We applied logistic regression models to examine relationships between exposures to psychosocial stressors and air pollution with prevalent hypertension and used stratified analyses to examine the interacting effects of these two exposures on hypertension. RESULTS: There was a positive association between prevalent hypertension and a high frequency of feeling anxious or depressed (prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 1.36, 95% CI [1.06-1.75]) and experiencing aches and pains (POR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.01-1.64]). The odds of having hypertension were also elevated among those worrying about their own health (POR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.30-2.06]) or about not having enough money (POR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.01-1.6]). We observed an inverse association between O3 and hypertension. There was no interaction between psychosocial stressors and O3 on hypertension. CONCLUSION Our findings add to the evidence of a positive association between individual and family stressors on hypertension among Hispanics and other racial/ethnic groups. Contrary to previous studies reporting positive associations, our results suggest that long-term exposure to O3 may be inversely related to prevalent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rammah
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), The UTHealth School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kristina Walker Whitworth
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), The UTHealth School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The UTHealth School of Public Health, San Antonio Regional Campus, 7411 John Smith Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Inkyu Han
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), The UTHealth School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenyaw Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maria D Jimenez
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), The UTHealth School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler, Unit 1340, Duncan Building (CPB) 4th floor, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Suite 422A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), The UTHealth School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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7
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Matejcic M, Saunders EJ, Dadaev T, Brook MN, Wang K, Sheng X, Olama AAA, Schumacher FR, Ingles SA, Govindasami K, Benlloch S, Berndt SI, Albanes D, Koutros S, Muir K, Stevens VL, Gapstur SM, Tangen CM, Batra J, Clements J, Gronberg H, Pashayan N, Schleutker J, Wolk A, West C, Mucci L, Kraft P, Cancel-Tassin G, Sorensen KD, Maehle L, Grindedal EM, Strom SS, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Travis RC, Hamilton RJ, Rosenstein B, Lu YJ, Giles GG, Kibel AS, Vega A, Bensen JT, Kogevinas M, Penney KL, Park JY, Stanford JL, Cybulski C, Nordestgaard BG, Brenner H, Maier C, Kim J, Teixeira MR, Neuhausen SL, De Ruyck K, Razack A, Newcomb LF, Lessel D, Kaneva R, Usmani N, Claessens F, Townsend PA, Gago-Dominguez M, Roobol MJ, Menegaux F, Khaw KT, Cannon-Albright LA, Pandha H, Thibodeau SN, Schaid DJ, Wiklund F, Chanock SJ, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Author Correction: Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry. Nat Commun 2019; 10:382. [PMID: 30655571 PMCID: PMC6336778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Manuela Gago-Dominguez, which was incorrectly given as Manuela G. Dominguez. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Matejcic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Mark N Brook
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7219, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Sara Benlloch
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharine West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Radiotherapy Related Research, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.HChan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Géraldine Cancel-Tassin
- GRC N°5 ONCOTYPE-URO, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Tenon Hospital, F-75020, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Karina D Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eli M Grindedal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Barry Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jeanette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02184, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-115, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Maier
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kim De Ruyck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Azad Razack
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lisa F Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Health Innovation Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif Cédex, France
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Lisa A Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- George EWahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | | | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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8
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Matejcic M, Saunders EJ, Dadaev T, Brook MN, Wang K, Sheng X, Olama AAA, Schumacher FR, Ingles SA, Govindasami K, Benlloch S, Berndt SI, Albanes D, Koutros S, Muir K, Stevens VL, Gapstur SM, Tangen CM, Batra J, Clements J, Gronberg H, Pashayan N, Schleutker J, Wolk A, West C, Mucci L, Kraft P, Cancel-Tassin G, Sorensen KD, Maehle L, Grindedal EM, Strom SS, Neal DE, Hamdy FC, Donovan JL, Travis RC, Hamilton RJ, Rosenstein B, Lu YJ, Giles GG, Kibel AS, Vega A, Bensen JT, Kogevinas M, Penney KL, Park JY, Stanford JL, Cybulski C, Nordestgaard BG, Brenner H, Maier C, Kim J, Teixeira MR, Neuhausen SL, De Ruyck K, Razack A, Newcomb LF, Lessel D, Kaneva R, Usmani N, Claessens F, Townsend PA, Gago-Dominguez M, Roobol MJ, Menegaux F, Khaw KT, Cannon-Albright LA, Pandha H, Thibodeau SN, Schaid DJ, Wiklund F, Chanock SJ, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4616. [PMID: 30397198 PMCID: PMC6218483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we combine genetic data across the 8q24 susceptibility region from 71,535 prostate cancer cases and 52,935 controls of European ancestry to define the overall contribution of germline variation at 8q24 to prostate cancer risk. We identify 12 independent risk signals for prostate cancer (p < 4.28 × 10-15), including three risk variants that have yet to be reported. From a polygenic risk score (PRS) model, derived to assess the cumulative effect of risk variants at 8q24, men in the top 1% of the PRS have a 4-fold (95%CI = 3.62-4.40) greater risk compared to the population average. These 12 variants account for ~25% of what can be currently explained of the familial risk of prostate cancer by known genetic risk factors. These findings highlight the overwhelming contribution of germline variation at 8q24 on prostate cancer risk which has implications for population risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Matejcic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Mark N Brook
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7219, USA
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Sara Benlloch
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, 20521, Turku, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharine West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Radiotherapy Related Research, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Géraldine Cancel-Tassin
- GRC N°5 ONCOTYPE-URO, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Tenon Hospital, F-75020, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Karina D Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eli M Grindedal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David E Neal
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Jenny L Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Barry Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jeanette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02184, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-115, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Maier
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kim De Ruyck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Azad Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lisa F Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Health Innovation Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Monique J Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif Cédex, France
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Lisa A Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | | | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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9
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Tamí-Maury I, Aigner CJ, Rush S, Hong JH, Strom SS, Prokhorov AV, Gritz ER. The Association of Smoking with English and Spanish Language Use as a Proxy of Acculturation Among Mexican-Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 19:1156-1162. [PMID: 26914836 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To better characterize the relation of acculturation, based on language use, to smoking status among Mexican-Americans, a large study sample from an ongoing cohort of Mexican-American households in Texas was stratified into current smokers and non-smokers. Four language-use groups were created based on Low/High use of Spanish and English, representing different degrees of acculturation. Participants who reported high English but low Spanish use had the highest smoking prevalence (20.1 %), followed by High English/High Spanish (13.6 %), Low English/High Spanish (8.7 %), and Low English/Low Spanish (6.4 %). Current smokers were more likely to be male, have lower than high school education, currently consume alcohol or had consumed alcohol but quit, and report low Spanish/high English use. Consistent with recent models of acculturation, individuals can differ both in their maintenance of the native language and adoption of a new language and both dimensions are important in predicting tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tamí-Maury
- Department of Behavioral Science, Unit 1330, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Carrie J Aigner
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St., Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Sarah Rush
- Department of Health Sciences, James Madison University, 801 Carrier Dr., Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Judy H Hong
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, Unit 1340, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander V Prokhorov
- Department of Behavioral Science, Unit 1330, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ellen R Gritz
- Department of Behavioral Science, Unit 1330, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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10
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Conti DV, Wang K, Sheng X, Bensen JT, Hazelett DJ, Cook MB, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Strom SS, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, Isaacs WB, Stanford JL, Zheng W, Sanderson M, John EM, Park JY, Xu J, Stevens VL, Berndt SI, Haiman CA. Two Novel Susceptibility Loci for Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3858844. [PMID: 29117387 PMCID: PMC5448553 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer incidence is 1.6-fold higher in African Americans than in other populations. The risk factors that drive this disparity are unknown and potentially consist of social, environmental, and genetic influences. To investigate the genetic basis of prostate cancer in men of African ancestry, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis using two-sided statistical tests in 10 202 case subjects and 10 810 control subjects. We identified novel signals on chromosomes 13q34 and 22q12, with the risk-associated alleles found only in men of African ancestry (13q34: rs75823044, risk allele frequency = 2.2%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37 to 1.76, P = 6.10 × 10-12; 22q12.1: rs78554043, risk allele frequency = 1.5%, OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.39 to 1.89, P = 7.50 × 10-10). At 13q34, the signal is located 5' of the gene IRS2 and 3' of a long noncoding RNA, while at 22q12 the candidate functional allele is a missense variant in the CHEK2 gene. These findings provide further support for the role of ancestry-specific germline variation in contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V. Conti
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Kan Wang
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Xin Sheng
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Jeannette T. Bensen
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Dennis J. Hazelett
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Esther M. John
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Victoria L. Stevens
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
| | - for the PRACTICAL/ELLIPSE Consortium
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine (DVC, KW, XS, SAI, CAH), and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, CAH), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology (JTB) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (JTB), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (DJH); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (MBC, SIB); University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (SSS); Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (BAR); Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (BN); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (JLS); Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (WZ); Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (MS); California Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA (EMJ); Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (EMJ); Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL (JYP); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (JX); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA (VLS)
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Symanski E, Karpman M, Jimenez M, Lopez DS, Felknor SA, Upadhyaya M, Strom SS, Bondy ML. Using a Community-Engaged Approach to Develop a Bilingual Survey about Psychosocial Stressors among Individuals of Mexican Origin. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2017; 26:1456-71. [PMID: 26548692 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2015.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is on the rise among Hispanics and is highest among those of Mexican origin. Recent studies have found a positive association between air pollution and blood pressure and hypertension. Moreover, a link between hypertension and adverse socioeconomic conditions is well established. However, less is known about psychosocial stressors, although their impact on coronary heart disease has been shown. To address this gap in the literature, community perspectives of the health consequences of environmental exposures and psychosocial stressors experienced among the Mexican-origin population in Houston, Texas were obtained through participation in focus groups, the establishment of a Neighborhood Council of Advisors (NCA), and the testing of a pilot questionnaire. Taken together, the findings from the community were used to develop a culturally sensitive, bilingual questionnaire for an investigation of the combined effects of environmental and psychosocial stressors on hypertension among individuals of Mexican origin.
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Ng MCY, Graff M, Lu Y, Justice AE, Mudgal P, Liu CT, Young K, Yanek LR, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Rand K, Brody JA, Cade BE, Dimitrov L, Duan Q, Guo X, Lange LA, Nalls MA, Okut H, Tajuddin SM, Tayo BO, Vedantam S, Bradfield JP, Chen G, Chen WM, Chesi A, Irvin MR, Padhukasahasram B, Smith JA, Zheng W, Allison MA, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, Bartz TM, Berndt SI, Bernstein L, Blot WJ, Bottinger EP, Carpten J, Chanock SJ, Chen YDI, Conti DV, Cooper RS, Fornage M, Freedman BI, Garcia M, Goodman PJ, Hsu YHH, Hu J, Huff CD, Ingles SA, John EM, Kittles R, Klein E, Li J, McKnight B, Nayak U, Nemesure B, Ogunniyi A, Olshan A, Press MF, Rohde R, Rybicki BA, Salako B, Sanderson M, Shao Y, Siscovick DS, Stanford JL, Stevens VL, Stram A, Strom SS, Vaidya D, Witte JS, Yao J, Zhu X, Ziegler RG, Zonderman AB, Adeyemo A, Ambs S, Cushman M, Faul JD, Hakonarson H, Levin AM, Nathanson KL, Ware EB, Weir DR, Zhao W, Zhi D, Arnett DK, Grant SFA, Kardia SLR, Oloapde OI, Rao DC, Rotimi CN, Sale MM, Williams LK, Zemel BS, Becker DM, Borecki IB, Evans MK, Harris TB, Hirschhorn JN, Li Y, Patel SR, Psaty BM, Rotter JI, Wilson JG, Bowden DW, Cupples LA, Haiman CA, Loos RJF, North KE. Discovery and fine-mapping of adiposity loci using high density imputation of genome-wide association studies in individuals of African ancestry: African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006719. [PMID: 28430825 PMCID: PMC5419579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >300 loci associated with measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), but few have been identified through screening of the African ancestry genomes. We performed large scale meta-analyses and replications in up to 52,895 individuals for BMI and up to 23,095 individuals for WHRadjBMI from the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC) using 1000 Genomes phase 1 imputed GWAS to improve coverage of both common and low frequency variants in the low linkage disequilibrium African ancestry genomes. In the sex-combined analyses, we identified one novel locus (TCF7L2/HABP2) for WHRadjBMI and eight previously established loci at P < 5×10−8: seven for BMI, and one for WHRadjBMI in African ancestry individuals. An additional novel locus (SPRYD7/DLEU2) was identified for WHRadjBMI when combined with European GWAS. In the sex-stratified analyses, we identified three novel loci for BMI (INTS10/LPL and MLC1 in men, IRX4/IRX2 in women) and four for WHRadjBMI (SSX2IP, CASC8, PDE3B and ZDHHC1/HSD11B2 in women) in individuals of African ancestry or both African and European ancestry. For four of the novel variants, the minor allele frequency was low (<5%). In the trans-ethnic fine mapping of 47 BMI loci and 27 WHRadjBMI loci that were locus-wide significant (P < 0.05 adjusted for effective number of variants per locus) from the African ancestry sex-combined and sex-stratified analyses, 26 BMI loci and 17 WHRadjBMI loci contained ≤ 20 variants in the credible sets that jointly account for 99% posterior probability of driving the associations. The lead variants in 13 of these loci had a high probability of being causal. As compared to our previous HapMap imputed GWAS for BMI and WHRadjBMI including up to 71,412 and 27,350 African ancestry individuals, respectively, our results suggest that 1000 Genomes imputation showed modest improvement in identifying GWAS loci including low frequency variants. Trans-ethnic meta-analyses further improved fine mapping of putative causal variants in loci shared between the African and European ancestry populations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >300 genetic regions that influence body size and shape as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), respectively, but few have been identified in populations of African ancestry. We conducted large scale high coverage GWAS and replication of these traits in 52,895 and 23,095 individuals of African ancestry, respectively, followed by additional replication in European populations. We identified 10 genome-wide significant loci in all individuals, and an additional seven loci by analyzing men and women separately. We combined African and European ancestry GWAS and were able to narrow down 43 out of 74 African ancestry associated genetic regions to contain small number of putative causal variants. Our results highlight the improvement of applying high density genome coverage and combining multiple ancestries in the identification and refinement of location of genetic regions associated with adiposity traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie C. Y. Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icachn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Poorva Mudgal
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kristin Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, United States of America
| | - Kristin Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Qing Duan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, United States of America
| | - Hayrettin Okut
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Salman M. Tajuddin
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Badri Padhukasahasram
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Traci M. Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - William J. Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Erwin P. Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icachn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Melissa Garcia
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Yu-Han H. Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chad D. Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States of America
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Rick Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Eric Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jin Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Press
- Department of Pathology and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Rohde
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | | | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Yaming Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - David S. Siscovick
- The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Victoria L. Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Alex Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Jessica D. Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Erin B. Ware
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - David R. Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Degui Zhi
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | | | - Donna K. Arnett
- School of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Olufunmilayo I. Oloapde
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - D. C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Michele M. Sale
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - L. Keoki Williams
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, United States of America
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, United States of America
| | - Michele K. Evans
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Sanjay R. Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
- Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAH); (RJFL); (KEN)
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icachn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAH); (RJFL); (KEN)
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAH); (RJFL); (KEN)
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Rand KA, Song C, Dean E, Serie DJ, Curtin K, Sheng X, Hu D, Huff CA, Bernal-Mizrachi L, Tomasson MH, Ailawadhi S, Singhal S, Pawlish K, Peters ES, Bock CH, Stram A, Van Den Berg DJ, Edlund CK, Conti DV, Zimmerman T, Hwang AE, Huntsman S, Graff J, Nooka A, Kong Y, Pregja SL, Berndt SI, Blot WJ, Carpten J, Casey G, Chu L, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Lieber MR, Goodman PJ, Hennis AJM, Hsing AW, Mehta J, Kittles RA, Kolb S, Klein EA, Leske C, Murphy AB, Nemesure B, Neslund-Dudas C, Strom SS, Vij R, Rybicki BA, Stanford JL, Signorello LB, Witte JS, Ambrosone CB, Bhatti P, John EM, Bernstein L, Zheng W, Olshan AF, Hu JJ, Ziegler RG, Nyante SJ, Bandera EV, Birmann BM, Ingles SA, Press MF, Atanackovic D, Glenn MJ, Cannon-Albright LA, Jones B, Tricot G, Martin TG, Kumar SK, Wolf JL, Deming Halverson SL, Rothman N, Brooks-Wilson AR, Rajkumar SV, Kolonel LN, Chanock SJ, Slager SL, Severson RK, Janakiraman N, Terebelo HR, Brown EE, De Roos AJ, Mohrbacher AF, Colditz GA, Giles GG, Spinelli JJ, Chiu BC, Munshi NC, Anderson KC, Levy J, Zonder JA, Orlowski RZ, Lonial S, Camp NJ, Vachon CM, Ziv E, Stram DO, Hazelett DJ, Haiman CA, Cozen W. A Meta-analysis of Multiple Myeloma Risk Regions in African and European Ancestry Populations Identifies Putatively Functional Loci. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1609-1618. [PMID: 27587788 PMCID: PMC5524541 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in European populations have identified genetic risk variants associated with multiple myeloma. METHODS We performed association testing of common variation in eight regions in 1,318 patients with multiple myeloma and 1,480 controls of European ancestry and 1,305 patients with multiple myeloma and 7,078 controls of African ancestry and conducted a meta-analysis to localize the signals, with epigenetic annotation used to predict functionality. RESULTS We found that variants in 7p15.3, 17p11.2, 22q13.1 were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) associated with multiple myeloma risk in persons of African ancestry and persons of European ancestry, and the variant in 3p22.1 was associated in European ancestry only. In a combined African ancestry-European ancestry meta-analysis, variation in five regions (2p23.3, 3p22.1, 7p15.3, 17p11.2, 22q13.1) was statistically significantly associated with multiple myeloma risk. In 3p22.1, the correlated variants clustered within the gene body of ULK4 Correlated variants in 7p15.3 clustered around an enhancer at the 3' end of the CDCA7L transcription termination site. A missense variant at 17p11.2 (rs34562254, Pro251Leu, OR, 1.32; P = 2.93 × 10-7) in TNFRSF13B encodes a lymphocyte-specific protein in the TNF receptor family that interacts with the NF-κB pathway. SNPs correlated with the index signal in 22q13.1 cluster around the promoter and enhancer regions of CBX7 CONCLUSIONS: We found that reported multiple myeloma susceptibility regions contain risk variants important across populations, supporting the use of multiple racial/ethnic groups with different underlying genetic architecture to enhance the localization and identification of putatively functional alleles. IMPACT A subset of reported risk loci for multiple myeloma has consistent effects across populations and is likely to be functional. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1609-18. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Rand
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chi Song
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Karen Curtin
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xin Sheng
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donglei Hu
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carol Ann Huff
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Michael H Tomasson
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Seema Singhal
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen Pawlish
- New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Edward S Peters
- Louisiana State University School of Public Health, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Cathryn H Bock
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alex Stram
- Genomic Health, Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - David J Van Den Berg
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher K Edlund
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David V Conti
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Amie E Hwang
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott Huntsman
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John Graff
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Ajay Nooka
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yinfei Kong
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Silvana L Pregja
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, U.S. NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Graham Casey
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | - Michael R Lieber
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jayesh Mehta
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Adam B Murphy
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Sara S Strom
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Ravi Vij
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John S Witte
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Parveen Bhatti
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Wei Zheng
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, U.S. NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Nyante
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael F Press
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Martha J Glenn
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Brandt Jones
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Thomas G Martin
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jeffrey L Wolf
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, U.S. NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Laurence N Kolonel
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, U.S. NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Richard K Severson
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann F Mohrbacher
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joan Levy
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, Norwalk, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey A Zonder
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicola J Camp
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Elad Ziv
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Keck School of Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Ludwig MS, Kuban DA, Strom SS, Du XL, Lopez DS, Yamal JM. Assessing the Optimum Use of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing External Beam Radiation Therapy. Am J Mens Health 2016; 11:73-81. [PMID: 25891393 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315581396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimum use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in high-risk prostate cancer patients has not been defined in the setting of dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy. A retrospective analysis of 1,290 patients with high-risk prostate cancer from June 1987 through March 2010 treated with external beam radiation therapy was performed. Median follow-up was 7.2 years, and 797 patients received ADT, with 384 patients experiencing a biochemical failure and 145 with distant metastasis. ADT was associated with lower risk of biochemical failure and distant metastasis than no ADT after adjusting for age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, year of diagnosis, tumor stage, and radiation dose. ADT was associated with a greater reduction in biochemical failure in the low-dose radiation group than in the high-dose group. Patients with >24 months of ADT had a lower risk of PSA failures than those with <24 months. ADT was associated with decreased risk of biochemical failure and distant metastasis in all patients. The effect of ADT on reducing risk of biochemical failure was greater among men with low-dose radiation. There was a benefit in PSA and distant metastasis-free survival with >24 months of ADT in all patients who received ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah A Kuban
- 2 University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- 2 University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xianglin L Du
- 3 University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Lopez
- 3 University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Gusev A, Shi H, Kichaev G, Pomerantz M, Li F, Long HW, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Strom SS, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, Isaacs WB, Zheng W, Pettaway CA, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, John EM, Murphy AB, Signorello LB, Carpten J, Leske MC, Wu SY, Hennis AJM, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Witte JS, Casey G, Kaggwa S, Cook MB, Stram DO, Blot WJ, Eeles RA, Easton D, Kote-Jarai ZS, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Muir K, Giles GG, Southey MC, Fitzgerald LM, Gronberg H, Wiklund F, Aly M, Henderson BE, Schleutker J, Wahlfors T, Tammela TLJ, Nordestgaard BG, Key TJ, Travis RC, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Maier C, Vogel W, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Kluzniak W, Cannon-Albright L, Teerlink C, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Arndt V, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Batra J, Spurdle A, Clements JA, Teixeira MR, Pandha H, Michael A, Paulo P, Maia S, Kierzek A, Conti DV, Albanes D, Berg C, Berndt SI, Campa D, Crawford ED, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci E, Hoover R, Hunter DJ, Johansson M, Kraft P, Le Marchand L, Lindström S, Navarro C, Overvad K, Riboli E, Siddiq A, Stevens VL, Trichopoulos D, Vineis P, Yeager M, Trynka G, Raychaudhuri S, Schumacher FR, Price AL, Freedman ML, Haiman CA, Pasaniuc B. Atlas of prostate cancer heritability in European and African-American men pinpoints tissue-specific regulation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10979. [PMID: 27052111 PMCID: PMC4829663 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 risk loci that explain ∼33% of familial risk for prostate cancer (PrCa), their functional effects on risk remain largely unknown. Here we use genotype data from 59,089 men of European and African American ancestries combined with cell-type-specific epigenetic data to build a genomic atlas of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability in PrCa. We find significant differences in heritability between variants in prostate-relevant epigenetic marks defined in normal versus tumour tissue as well as between tissue and cell lines. The majority of SNP heritability lies in regions marked by H3k27 acetylation in prostate adenoc7arcinoma cell line (LNCaP) or by DNaseI hypersensitive sites in cancer cell lines. We find a high degree of similarity between European and African American ancestries suggesting a similar genetic architecture from common variation underlying PrCa risk. Our findings showcase the power of integrating functional annotation with genetic data to understand the genetic basis of PrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gusev
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Gleb Kichaev
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mark Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fugen Li
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Henry W. Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Curtis A. Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Edward D. Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B. Biritwum
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A. Adjei
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Lisa B. Signorello
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - M. Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Anslem J. M. Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Ann W. Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California 94538, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Sam Kaggwa
- Department of Surgery, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala 94118, Uganda
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
- Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liesel M. Fitzgerald
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics Institute of Biomedicine Kiinamyllynkatu 10, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere 33200, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere 33200, Finland
| | - Teuvo L. J. Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere 33200, Finland
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Densmark
| | - Tim J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health; University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health; University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - David E. Neal
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 279, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus OX1 3PN, Denmark
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX1 3PN, UK
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christiane Maier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluzniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Craig Teerlink
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Aida K. Dieffenbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University, Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Hardev Pandha
- The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto 4200, Portugal
| | | | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christine Berg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. David Crawford
- Urologic Oncology, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80230, USA
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Robert Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69008, France
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Sara Lindström
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia 30009, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona 28029, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Victoria L. Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens 106 79, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens 106 79, Greece
| | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF Foundation, Torino 10126, Italy
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gosia Trynka
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Frederick R. Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Alkes L. Price
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Matthew L. Freedman
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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16
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Berndt SI, Camp NJ, Skibola CF, Vijai J, Wang Z, Gu J, Nieters A, Kelly RS, Smedby KE, Monnereau A, Cozen W, Cox A, Wang SS, Lan Q, Teras LR, Machado M, Yeager M, Brooks-Wilson AR, Hartge P, Purdue MP, Birmann BM, Vajdic CM, Cocco P, Zhang Y, Giles GG, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Lawrence C, Montalvan R, Burdett L, Hutchinson A, Ye Y, Call TG, Shanafelt TD, Novak AJ, Kay NE, Liebow M, Cunningham JM, Allmer C, Hjalgrim H, Adami HO, Melbye M, Glimelius B, Chang ET, Glenn M, Curtin K, Cannon-Albright LA, Diver WR, Link BK, Weiner GJ, Conde L, Bracci PM, Riby J, Arnett DK, Zhi D, Leach JM, Holly EA, Jackson RD, Tinker LF, Benavente Y, Sala N, Casabonne D, Becker N, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadie M, McKay J, Staines A, Chaffee KG, Achenbach SJ, Vachon CM, Goldin LR, Strom SS, Leis JF, Weinberg JB, Caporaso NE, Norman AD, De Roos AJ, Morton LM, Severson RK, Riboli E, Vineis P, Kaaks R, Masala G, Weiderpass E, Chirlaque MD, Vermeulen RCH, Travis RC, Southey MC, Milne RL, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Clavel J, Zheng T, Holford TR, Villano DJ, Maria A, Spinelli JJ, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Bertrand KA, Giovannucci E, Kraft P, Kricker A, Turner J, Ennas MG, Ferri GM, Miligi L, Liang L, Ma B, Huang J, Crouch S, Park JH, Chatterjee N, North KE, Snowden JA, Wright J, Fraumeni JF, Offit K, Wu X, de Sanjose S, Cerhan JR, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Slager SL. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10933. [PMID: 26956414 PMCID: PMC4786871 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoid malignancy with strong heritability. To further understand the genetic susceptibility for CLL and identify common loci associated with risk, we conducted a meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies (GWAS) composed of 3,100 cases and 7,667 controls with follow-up replication in 1,958 cases and 5,530 controls. Here we report three new loci at 3p24.1 (rs9880772, EOMES, P=2.55 × 10(-11)), 6p25.2 (rs73718779, SERPINB6, P=1.97 × 10(-8)) and 3q28 (rs9815073, LPP, P=3.62 × 10(-8)), as well as a new independent SNP at the known 2q13 locus (rs9308731, BCL2L11, P=1.00 × 10(-11)) in the combined analysis. We find suggestive evidence (P<5 × 10(-7)) for two additional new loci at 4q24 (rs10028805, BANK1, P=7.19 × 10(-8)) and 3p22.2 (rs1274963, CSRNP1, P=2.12 × 10(-7)). Pathway analyses of new and known CLL loci consistently show a strong role for apoptosis, providing further evidence for the importance of this biological pathway in CLL susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Christine F. Skibola
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, 79108 Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Karin E. Smedby
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), F-94807 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris, France
- Registre des hémopathies malignes de la Gironde, Institut Bergonié, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS, UK
| | - Sophia S. Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California 91030, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lauren R. Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Moara Machado
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA
| | - Angela R. Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z1L3
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A1S6
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Claire M. Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | | | | | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Timothy G. Call
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Tait D. Shanafelt
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Anne J. Novak
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Neil E. Kay
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Mark Liebow
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Cristine Allmer
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Center for Epidemiology and Computational Biology, Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Martha Glenn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
| | - Lisa A. Cannon-Albright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Brian K. Link
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - George J. Weiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Lucia Conde
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Paige M. Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Jacques Riby
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
| | - Justin M. Leach
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Lesley F. Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98117, USA
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Sala
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delphine Casabonne
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, 08908L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikolaus Becker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120 Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Maynadie
- EA 4184, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d'Or, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kari G. Chaffee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Sara J. Achenbach
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Lynn R. Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jose F. Leis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona 85054, USA
| | - J. Brice Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Duke University and VA Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Neil E. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Aaron D. Norman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Anneclaire J. De Roos
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98117, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Richard K. Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Rudolph Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120 Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, N-0304 Oslo, Norway
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - María- Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, E30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Roel C. H. Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, TD, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, INSERM, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), F-94807 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Theodore R. Holford
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Danylo J. Villano
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ann Maria
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - John J. Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z1L3
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z3
| | - Randy D. Gascoyne
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z1L3
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z3
| | - Joseph M. Connors
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z1L3
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z3
| | - Kimberly A. Bertrand
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anne Kricker
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jenny Turner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, New South Wales 2113, Australia
| | - Maria Grazia Ennas
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni M. Ferri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Miligi
- Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Baoshan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116026, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Simon Crouch
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - John A. Snowden
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS, UK
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK
| | - Josh Wright
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 1NS, UK
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK
| | - Joseph F. Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - James R. Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Susan L. Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Han Y, Rand KA, Hazelett DJ, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Strom SS, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, Isaacs WB, Stanford JL, Zheng W, Schumacher FR, Berndt SI, Wang Z, Xu J, Rohland N, Reich D, Tandon A, Pasaniuc B, Allen A, Quinque D, Mallick S, Notani D, Rosenfeld MG, Jayani RS, Kolb S, Gapstur SM, Stevens VL, Pettaway CA, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, John EM, Murphy AB, Signorello LB, Carpten J, Leske MC, Wu SY, Hennis AJM, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Witte JS, Casey G, Lubwama A, Pooler LC, Sheng X, Coetzee GA, Cook MB, Chanock SJ, Stram DO, Watya S, Blot WJ, Conti DV, Henderson BE, Haiman CA. Prostate Cancer Susceptibility in Men of African Ancestry at 8q24. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv431. [PMID: 26823525 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 8q24 region harbors multiple risk variants for distinct cancers, including >8 for prostate cancer. In this study, we conducted fine mapping of the 8q24 risk region (127.8-128.8Mb) in search of novel associations with common and rare variation in 4853 prostate cancer case patients and 4678 control subjects of African ancestry. All statistical tests were two-sided. We identified three independent associations at P values of less than 5.00×10(-8), all of which were replicated in studies from Ghana and Uganda (combined sample = 5869 case patients, 5615 control subjects; rs114798100: risk allele frequency [RAF] = 0.04, per-allele odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04 to 2.61, P = 2.38×10(-40); rs72725879: RAF = 0.33, OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.45, P = 3.04×10(-27); and rs111906932: RAF = 0.03, OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.53 to 2.08, P = 1.39×10(-13)). Risk variants rs114798100 and rs111906923 are only found in men of African ancestry, with rs111906923 representing a novel association signal. The three variants are located within or near a number of prostate cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including PRNCR1, PCAT1, and PCAT2. These findings highlight ancestry-specific risk variation and implicate prostate-specific lncRNAs at the 8q24 prostate cancer susceptibility region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Kristin A Rand
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Sara S Strom
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - William B Isaacs
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Wei Zheng
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - David Reich
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Arti Tandon
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Alex Allen
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Dominique Quinque
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Dimple Notani
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Ranveer Singh Jayani
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Yao Tettey
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Ann Truelove
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Shelley Niwa
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Anand P Chokkalingam
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Esther M John
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - John Carpten
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - M Cristina Leske
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Anslem J M Hennis
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Christine Neslund-Dudas
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Lisa Chu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Eric A Klein
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - John S Witte
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Graham Casey
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Alex Lubwama
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Loreall C Pooler
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Xin Sheng
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Michael B Cook
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Stephen Watya
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - William J Blot
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - David V Conti
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Preventive Medicine (YH, KAR, DJH, SAI, FRS, GC, LCP, XS, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH) and Department of Urology (GAC), Keck School of Medicine, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (SAI, FRS, GC, GAC, DOS, DVC, BEH, CAH), University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ; University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson, AZ (RAK); Department of Epidemiology (SSS) and Department of Urology (CAP), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ; Department of Public Health Sciences (BAR) and Department of Public Health Sciences (CND), Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI ; Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY (BN, MCL, SYW, AJMH); James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution , Baltimore, MD (WBI); Division of Public Health Sciences (JLS, SK) and SWOG Statistical Center (PJG), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA ; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, WA (JLS); Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN (WZ, WJB); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD (SIB, ZW, MBC, SJC); Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc. , Frederick, MD (ZW); Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); Department of Genetics (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM) and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (DR, SM), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Boston, MA ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA (NR, DR, AT, AA, DQ, SM); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (BP); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA (DN, MGR, RSJ); Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA (SMG, VLS); Korle Bu Teaching Hospital , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); University of Ghana Medical School , Accra , Ghana (EDY, YT, RBB, AAA, ET); Westat , Rockville, MD (AT, SN); School of Public Health, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (APC); Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute , Palo Alto, CA (EMJ, AWH, LC); Department of Urology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL (ABM); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA (LBS, WJB); The Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ (JC); Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies , Bridgetown, Barbados (AJMH); Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH (EAK); Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (JSW); School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences , Kampala, Uganda (AL, SW); Uro Care , Kampala , Uganda (SW)
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18
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Hu H, Huff CD, Yamamura Y, Wu X, Strom SS. The Relationship between Native American Ancestry, Body Mass Index and Diabetes Risk among Mexican-Americans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141260. [PMID: 26501420 PMCID: PMC4621045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher body mass index (BMI) is a well-established risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes are substantially higher among Mexican-Americans relative to non-Hispanic European Americans. Mexican-Americans are genetically diverse, with a highly variable distribution of Native American, European, and African ancestries. Here, we evaluate the role of Native American ancestry on BMI and diabetes risk in a well-defined Mexican-American population. Participants were randomly selected among individuals residing in the Houston area who are enrolled in the Mexican-American Cohort study. Using a custom Illumina GoldenGate Panel, we genotyped DNA from 4,662 cohort participants for 87 Ancestry-Informative Markers. On average, the participants were of 50.2% Native American ancestry, 42.7% European ancestry and 7.1% African ancestry. Using multivariate linear regression, we found BMI and Native American ancestry were inversely correlated; individuals with <20% Native American ancestry were 2.5 times more likely to be severely obese compared to those with >80% Native American ancestry. Furthermore, we demonstrated an interaction between BMI and Native American ancestry in diabetes risk among women; Native American ancestry was a strong risk factor for diabetes only among overweight and obese women (OR = 1.190 for each 10% increase in Native American ancestry). This study offers new insight into the complex relationship between obesity, genetic ancestry, and their respective effects on diabetes risk. Findings from this study may improve the diabetes risk prediction among Mexican-American individuals thereby facilitating targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chad D. Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yuko Yamamura
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Han Y, Hazelett DJ, Wiklund F, Schumacher FR, Stram DO, Berndt SI, Wang Z, Rand KA, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Chung CC, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Xu J, Travis RC, Key TJ, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Stanford JL, Kolb S, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Strom SS, Pettaway CA, Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, Isaacs WB, Chen C, Lindstrom S, Le Marchand L, Giovannucci EL, Pomerantz M, Long H, Li F, Ma J, Stampfer M, John EM, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Blot WJ, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Nemesure B, Carpten J, Leske MC, Wu SY, Hennis AJM, Rybicki BA, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Witte JS, Casey G, Riboli E, Li Q, Freedman ML, Hunter DJ, Gronberg H, Cook MB, Nakagawa H, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Easton DF, Henderson BE, Coetzee GA, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Integration of multiethnic fine-mapping and genomic annotation to prioritize candidate functional SNPs at prostate cancer susceptibility regions. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5603-18. [PMID: 26162851 PMCID: PMC4572069 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpretation of biological mechanisms underlying genetic risk associations for prostate cancer is complicated by the relatively large number of risk variants (n = 100) and the thousands of surrogate SNPs in linkage disequilibrium. Here, we combined three distinct approaches: multiethnic fine-mapping, putative functional annotation (based upon epigenetic data and genome-encoded features), and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, in an attempt to reduce this complexity. We examined 67 risk regions using genotyping and imputation-based fine-mapping in populations of European (cases/controls: 8600/6946), African (cases/controls: 5327/5136), Japanese (cases/controls: 2563/4391) and Latino (cases/controls: 1034/1046) ancestry. Markers at 55 regions passed a region-specific significance threshold (P-value cutoff range: 3.9 × 10(-4)-5.6 × 10(-3)) and in 30 regions we identified markers that were more significantly associated with risk than the previously reported variants in the multiethnic sample. Novel secondary signals (P < 5.0 × 10(-6)) were also detected in two regions (rs13062436/3q21 and rs17181170/3p12). Among 666 variants in the 55 regions with P-values within one order of magnitude of the most-associated marker, 193 variants (29%) in 48 regions overlapped with epigenetic or other putative functional marks. In 11 of the 55 regions, cis-eQTLs were detected with nearby genes. For 12 of the 55 regions (22%), the most significant region-specific, prostate-cancer associated variant represented the strongest candidate functional variant based on our annotations; the number of regions increased to 20 (36%) and 27 (49%) when examining the 2 and 3 most significantly associated variants in each region, respectively. These results have prioritized subsets of candidate variants for downstream functional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | | | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merideth Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-DCEG, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK, Royal Marsden National Health Services (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Henry Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fugen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Rick A Kittles
- University of Arizona College of Medicine and University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA, Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA and
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | | | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center,
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20
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Strom SS, Zhao H, Brewster A, Yamamura Y. Abstract LB-193: Prediagnostic breast cancer metabolites in Mexican Americans: a nested case control study. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-lb-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most common invasive cancer in Hispanic women. Although at decreased risk, Hispanic women are diagnosed at younger ages and with more aggressive disease than non-Hispanic Whites. Early detection is key in BrCa survival; however, there are no pre-diagnostic circulating biomarkers for early detection. This pilot nested case-control study based on our Mexican-American Cohort (MAC) study evaluates the role of global metabolic expression in predicting BrCa risk. MAC includes ∼23,000 participants in the Houston area with baseline blood specimens and epidemiological data. Using mass spectrometry-based global protein expression, 435 plasma metabolites were analyzed by Metabolon in 30 invasive BrCa cases (14 pre- (preM) and 16 post-menopausal (postM)) diagnosed 1-5 years after enrollment and 40 healthy controls (matched to cases on age, menopausal status) and length of follow-up). Mean age of preM women was 37.6 years (range 32-43) compared to 63.4 for postM (range 50-81). Using principal component analysis, we evaluated differences by disease and menopausal status. We found 76 metabolites that differed significantly (P<0.05) between cases and controls among postM women compared to only 13 metabolites in preM women. Using a pathway-based approach, we found that the majority of case-control differences were in metabolites related to hormone, lipid and energy metabolism. The specific metabolites differed by menopausal status. In postM cases, levels of steroid hormones epiandrosterone sulfate, androsterone sulfate, and 5-alpha-androstan-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate were higher than in controls; among preM cases, steroid hormones 5-alpha-pregnan-3beta,20alpha-diol disulfate and 5-alpha-pregnan-3alpha,20beta-diol disulfate 1 levels were higher. PostM cases had significantly (P<0.05) lower levels in fatty acids valerylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine and higher levels of monoacylglycerols and glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) than controls; there were no significant differences in these metabolites in preM cases and controls. The statistically significant (P<0.05) decreases in 3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, sarcosine (N-methylglycine), citrate, and malate which are all associated with glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle found in cases compared to controls irrespective of menopausal status, suggest energy metabolism may be associated with BrCa risk. In summary, our findings suggest: (1) case-control differences in plasma levels of specific metabolites associated with key functional pathways; (2) the specific metabolites and number of relevant metabolites differs by menopausal status; and (3) these differences are detectable years prior to diagnosis. Future studies exploring these associations with tumor hormone receptor status, dietary intake and anthropometric measurements will aid in further identifying key pre-diagnostic plasma markers for BrCa.
Citation Format: Sara S. Strom, Hua Zhao, Abenaa Brewster, Yuko Yamamura. Prediagnostic breast cancer metabolites in Mexican Americans: a nested case control study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-193. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-193
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Zhao
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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21
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Chen F, He J, Zhang J, Chen GK, Thomas V, Ambrosone CB, Bandera EV, Berndt SI, Bernstein L, Blot WJ, Cai Q, Carpten J, Casey G, Chanock SJ, Cheng I, Chu L, Deming SL, Driver WR, Goodman P, Hayes RB, Hennis AJM, Hsing AW, Hu JJ, Ingles SA, John EM, Kittles RA, Kolb S, Leske MC, Millikan RC, Monroe KR, Murphy A, Nemesure B, Neslund-Dudas C, Nyante S, Ostrander EA, Press MF, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Rybicki BA, Schumacher F, Stanford JL, Signorello LB, Strom SS, Stevens V, Van Den Berg D, Wang Z, Witte JS, Wu SY, Yamamura Y, Zheng W, Ziegler RG, Stram AH, Kolonel LN, Marchand LL, Henderson BE, Haiman CA, Stram DO. Methodological Considerations in Estimation of Phenotype Heritability Using Genome-Wide SNP Data, Illustrated by an Analysis of the Heritability of Height in a Large Sample of African Ancestry Adults. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131106. [PMID: 26125186 PMCID: PMC4488332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Height has an extremely polygenic pattern of inheritance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed hundreds of common variants that are associated with human height at genome-wide levels of significance. However, only a small fraction of phenotypic variation can be explained by the aggregate of these common variants. In a large study of African-American men and women (n = 14,419), we genotyped and analyzed 966,578 autosomal SNPs across the entire genome using a linear mixed model variance components approach implemented in the program GCTA (Yang et al Nat Genet 2010), and estimated an additive heritability of 44.7% (se: 3.7%) for this phenotype in a sample of evidently unrelated individuals. While this estimated value is similar to that given by Yang et al in their analyses, we remain concerned about two related issues: (1) whether in the complete absence of hidden relatedness, variance components methods have adequate power to estimate heritability when a very large number of SNPs are used in the analysis; and (2) whether estimation of heritability may be biased, in real studies, by low levels of residual hidden relatedness. We addressed the first question in a semi-analytic fashion by directly simulating the distribution of the score statistic for a test of zero heritability with and without low levels of relatedness. The second question was addressed by a very careful comparison of the behavior of estimated heritability for both observed (self-reported) height and simulated phenotypes compared to imputation R2 as a function of the number of SNPs used in the analysis. These simulations help to address the important question about whether today's GWAS SNPs will remain useful for imputing causal variants that are discovered using very large sample sizes in future studies of height, or whether the causal variants themselves will need to be genotyped de novo in order to build a prediction model that ultimately captures a large fraction of the variability of height, and by implication other complex phenotypes. Our overall conclusions are that when study sizes are quite large (5,000 or so) the additive heritability estimate for height is not apparently biased upwards using the linear mixed model; however there is evidence in our simulation that a very large number of causal variants (many thousands) each with very small effect on phenotypic variance will need to be discovered to fill the gap between the heritability explained by known versus unknown causal variants. We conclude that today's GWAS data will remain useful in the future for causal variant prediction, but that finding the causal variants that need to be predicted may be extremely laborious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jing He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Gary K. Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Venetta Thomas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, CA, United States of America
| | - William J. Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Iona Cheng
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. Deming
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - W. Ryan Driver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Phyllis Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Anselm J. M. Hennis
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - M. Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kristine R. Monroe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Adam Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Christine Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jorge L. Rodriguez-Gil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Ben A. Rybicki
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lisa B. Signorello
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Victoria Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Yuko Yamamura
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Alexander H. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bangia KS, Symanski E, Strom SS, Bondy M. A cross-sectional analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel particulate matter exposures and hypertension among individuals of Mexican origin. Environ Health 2015; 14:51. [PMID: 26068905 PMCID: PMC4471931 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have found that particulate matter is associated with increases in blood pressure. Yet, less is known about the effects of specific sources or constituents of particulate matter, such as diesel particulate matter or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We evaluated associations between self-reported hypertension and residential air levels of diesel particulate matter and PAHs among individuals of Mexican origin living in a large inner city. METHODS The Mano a Mano cohort (established in 2001 by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center) is comprised of individuals of Mexican origin residing in Houston, Texas. Using geographical information systems, we linked modeled annual estimates of PAHs and diesel particulate matter at the census tract level from the 2002 and 2005 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment to baseline residential addresses of cohort members who enrolled from 2001 to 2003 or 2004 to 2006, respectively. For each enrollment period, we applied mixed-effects logistic regression models to determine associations between diesel particulate matter and PAHs, separately, and self-reported hypertension while adjusting for confounders and the clustering of observations within census tracts and households. RESULTS The study population consisted of 11218 participants of which 77% were women. The mean participant age at baseline was 41 years. Following adjustment for age, there was a dose-dependent, positive association between PAHs and hypertension (medium exposure, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.88-1.36; high exposure, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01-1.94) for individuals enrolled during 2001-2003; associations were generally similar in magnitude, but less precise, following adjustment for age, gender, smoking, and BMI. No association was detected for the later period. There was no evidence of an association between residential levels of diesel particulate matter and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS This study builds on a limited number of prior investigations of the association between ambient air levels of PAHs or diesel particulate matter and hypertension by focusing on a relatively young cohort of predominantly adult women of Mexican origin. Future analyses are warranted to explore associations in the cohort using incident hypertension when sufficient data become available and to further examine associations between specific chemical constituents of particulate matter and hypertension in this and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal S Bangia
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1515 Clay St. Suite 1600, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 1200 Herman Pressler St. Suite W-1028, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1340, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA.
| | - Melissa Bondy
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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23
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Sevcikova K, Zhuang Z, Garcia-Manero G, Alvarez RH, Kantarjian HM, Mego M, Albarracin C, Tang G, Strom SS, Medeiros LJ, Hortobagyi GN, Reuben JM, Khoury JD. Comprehensive analysis of factors impacting risks and outcomes of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms following breast cancer treatment. Leukemia 2015; 30:242-7. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Sasaki K, Strom SS, O'Brien S, Jabbour E, Ravandi F, Konopleva M, Borthakur G, Pemmaraju N, Daver N, Jain P, Pierce S, Kantarjian H, Cortes JE. Relative survival in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia in the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor era: analysis of patient data from six prospective clinical trials. Lancet Haematol 2015; 2:e186-93. [PMID: 26688093 PMCID: PMC4884053 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(15)00048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors improve overall survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase (CML-CP). Survival compared with the general population by age, response, and type of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor is not known. With use of data from trials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we compared overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed CML-CP to that of general population. METHODS In this cohort analysis, we included data from patients with CML-CP enrolled in six consecutive or parallel prospective clinical trials of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors at a single institution from July 30, 2000, to Sept 17, 2012. We analysed data for response and survival with the Kaplan-Meier method. For estimated overall survival in the general population, we obtained data from national vital statistics reports and matched to patients with CML-CP by age, sex, ethnicity, and year at diagnosis. We assessed numbers and causes of death within 1 year of beginning treatment by age group and by response to therapy. We then did univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to investigate factors associated with survival probability. FINDINGS Our analysis included 483 patients, 271 received imatinib, 105 received nilotinib, and 107 received dasatinib. Most patients were younger than 65 years, and no patients were older than 85 years. Median follow-up was 99·4 months (IQR 44·9-121·6), by which time 53 (11%) patients had died. The most common causes of death were progression to advanced disease stage, including complications of stem-cell transplantation (17 [4%] patients), secondary malignancies (nine [2%] patients), and cardiovascular causes (nine [2%] patients). 5-year overall survival in patients with CML-CP decreased in older age categories. For the whole population of patients with CML-CP, 5-year survival was only slightly lower than that of the matched general population (relative survival 94·7% [95% 92·1-97·4]). Individuals of all ages with a report of complete cytogenetic response to treatment or deeper within 1 year had a 5-year survival similar to that of the general population. INTERPRETATION In the era of treatment with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, patients diagnosed with CML-CP can expect a 5-year survival that is only slightly lower than that of the general population. With access to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, most patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia could enjoy a near normal life expectancy. FUNDING MD Anderson Cancer Center, National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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25
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Ludwig MS, Kuban DA, Du XL, Lopez DS, Yamal JM, Strom SS. The role of androgen deprivation therapy on biochemical failure and distant metastasis in intermediate-risk prostate cancer: effects of radiation dose escalation. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:190. [PMID: 25885406 PMCID: PMC4472156 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on the risk of biochemical failure varies at different doses of radiation in patients treated with definitive external beam radiation for intermediate risk prostate cancer (IRPC). METHODS This study included 1218 IRPC patients treated with definitive external beam radiation therapy to the prostate and seminal vesicles from June 1987 to January 2009 at our institution. Patient, treatment, and tumor information was collected, including age, race, Gleason score, radiation dose, PSA, T-stage, and months on ADT. RESULTS The median follow-up was 6 years. A total of 421(34.6%) patients received ADT, 211 (17.3%) patients experienced a biochemical failure, and 38 (3.1%) developed distant metastasis. On univariable analyses, higher PSA, earlier year of diagnosis, higher T-stage, lower doses of radiation, and the lack of ADT were associated with an increased risk of biochemical failure. No difference in biochemical failure was seen among different racial groups or with the use of greater than 6 months of ADT compared with less than 6 months. On multivariate analysis, the use of ADT was associated with a lower risk of biochemical failure than no ADT (HR, 0.599; 95% CI, 0.367-0.978; P<0.04) and lower risk of distant metastasis (HR, 0.114; 95% CI, 0.014-0.905; P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS ADT reduced the risk of biochemical failure and distant metastasis in both low- and high dose radiation groups among men with intermediate-risk PCa. Increasing the duration of ADT beyond 6 months did not reduce the risk of biochemical failures. Better understanding the benefit of ADT in the era of dose escalation will require a randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Ludwig
- />Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM360 Room 165B, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Deborah A Kuban
- />Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xianglin L Du
- />Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - David S Lopez
- />Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jose-Miguel Yamal
- />Division of Biostatistics, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- />Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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26
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Han Y, Signorello LB, Strom SS, Kittles RA, Rybicki BA, Stanford JL, Goodman PJ, Berndt SI, Carpten J, Casey G, Chu L, Conti DV, Rand KA, Diver WR, Hennis AJM, John EM, Kibel AS, Klein EA, Kolb S, Le Marchand L, Leske MC, Murphy AB, Neslund-Dudas C, Park JY, Pettaway C, Rebbeck TR, Gapstur SM, Zheng SL, Wu SY, Witte JS, Xu J, Isaacs W, Ingles SA, Hsing A, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Schumacher FR, Chanock S, Nemesure B, Blot WJ, Stram DO, Henderson BE, Haiman CA. Generalizability of established prostate cancer risk variants in men of African ancestry. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:1210-7. [PMID: 25044450 PMCID: PMC4268262 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 80 risk variants for prostate cancer, mainly in European or Asian populations. The generalizability of these variants in other racial/ethnic populations needs to be understood before the loci can be used widely in risk modeling. In our study, we examined 82 previously reported risk variants in 4,853 prostate cancer cases and 4,678 controls of African ancestry. We performed association testing for each variant using logistic regression adjusted for age, study and global ancestry. Of the 82 known risk variants, 68 (83%) had effects that were directionally consistent in their association with prostate cancer risk and 30 (37%) were significantly associated with risk at p < 0.05, with the most statistically significant variants being rs116041037 (p = 3.7 × 10(-26) ) and rs6983561 (p = 1.1 × 10(-16) ) at 8q24, as well as rs7210100 (p = 5.4 × 10(-8) ) at 17q21. By exploring each locus in search of better markers, the number of variants that captured risk in men of African ancestry (p < 0.05) increased from 30 (37%) to 44 (54%). An aggregate score comprised of these 44 markers was strongly associated with prostate cancer risk [per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, p = 7.3 × 10(-98) ]. In summary, the consistent directions of effects for the vast majority of variants in men of African ancestry indicate common functional alleles that are shared across populations. Further exploration of these susceptibility loci is needed to identify the underlying biologically relevant variants to improve prostate cancer risk modeling in populations of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa B. Signorello
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristin A. Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anselm JM Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
- Ministry of Health, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research & Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - M. Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Institute for Human Genetics, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - William Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research & Policy, and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Sutton, UK
- Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Fredrick R. Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lopez DS, Fernandez ME, Cano MA, Mendez C, Tsai CL, Wetter DW, Strom SS. Association of acculturation, nativity, and years living in the United States with biobanking among individuals of Mexican descent. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 23:402-8. [PMID: 24609849 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biobanking is the collection of human biospecimens (tissues, blood, and body fluids) and their associated clinical and outcome data. Hispanics are less likely to provide biologic specimens for biobanking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of acculturation, nativity status, and years living in the United States with participation in biobanking among individuals of Mexican descent. METHODS Participants were 19,212 adults of Mexican descent enrolled in an ongoing population-based cohort in Houston, TX. Participants were offered the opportunity to provide a blood, urine, or saliva sample for biobanking. Acculturation was assessed with the bidimensional acculturation scale for Hispanics and scores were categorized into "low acculturation," "bicultural," and "high-acculturation." RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, we found an increased likelihood of participation in biobanking among individuals classified as "bicultural" as compared with "highly acculturated" individuals [OR, 1.58; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.10-2.26]. The associations of nativity status and years living in the United States with biobanking were not statistically significant. After stratifying by gender, the associations of acculturation, nativity status, and years living in the United States with biobanking were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Although individuals of Mexican descent who were "bicultural" were more likely to participate in biobanking than individuals who were "highly acculturated," the difference in rates of participation among acculturation categories was small. The high participation rate in biospecimen collection is likely due to extensive community-engaged research efforts. Future studies are warranted to understand individuals' participation in biobanking. IMPACT Community-engaged research efforts may increase Hispanics' participation in biobanking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 402-8. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lopez
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Epidemiology; Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas School of Public Health; Departments of Health Disparities Research and Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Wang Z, Zhu B, Zhang M, Parikh H, Jia J, Chung CC, Sampson JN, Hoskins JW, Hutchinson A, Burdette L, Ibrahim A, Hautman C, Raj PS, Abnet CC, Adjei AA, Ahlbom A, Albanes D, Allen NE, Ambrosone CB, Aldrich M, Amiano P, Amos C, Andersson U, Andriole G, Andrulis IL, Arici C, Arslan AA, Austin MA, Baris D, Barkauskas DA, Bassig BA, Beane Freeman LE, Berg CD, Berndt SI, Bertazzi PA, Biritwum RB, Black A, Blot W, Boeing H, Boffetta P, Bolton K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Bracci PM, Brennan P, Brinton LA, Brotzman M, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Buring JE, Butler MA, Cai Q, Cancel-Tassin G, Canzian F, Cao G, Caporaso NE, Carrato A, Carreon T, Carta A, Chang GC, Chang IS, Chang-Claude J, Che X, Chen CJ, Chen CY, Chen CH, Chen C, Chen KY, Chen YM, Chokkalingam AP, Chu LW, Clavel-Chapelon F, Colditz GA, Colt JS, Conti D, Cook MB, Cortessis VK, Crawford ED, Cussenot O, Davis FG, De Vivo I, Deng X, Ding T, Dinney CP, Di Stefano AL, Diver WR, Duell EJ, Elena JW, Fan JH, Feigelson HS, Feychting M, Figueroa JD, Flanagan AM, Fraumeni JF, Freedman ND, Fridley BL, Fuchs CS, Gago-Dominguez M, Gallinger S, Gao YT, Gapstur SM, Garcia-Closas M, Garcia-Closas R, Gastier-Foster JM, Gaziano JM, Gerhard DS, Giffen CA, Giles GG, Gillanders EM, Giovannucci EL, Goggins M, Gokgoz N, Goldstein AM, Gonzalez C, Gorlick R, Greene MH, Gross M, Grossman HB, Grubb R, Gu J, Guan P, Haiman CA, Hallmans G, Hankinson SE, Harris CC, Hartge P, Hattinger C, Hayes RB, He Q, Helman L, Henderson BE, Henriksson R, Hoffman-Bolton J, Hohensee C, Holly EA, Hong YC, Hoover RN, Hosgood HD, Hsiao CF, Hsing AW, Hsiung CA, Hu N, Hu W, Hu Z, Huang MS, Hunter DJ, Inskip PD, Ito H, Jacobs EJ, Jacobs KB, Jenab M, Ji BT, Johansen C, Johansson M, Johnson A, Kaaks R, Kamat AM, Kamineni A, Karagas M, Khanna C, Khaw KT, Kim C, Kim IS, Kim JH, Kim YH, Kim YC, Kim YT, Kang CH, Jung YJ, Kitahara CM, Klein AP, Klein R, Kogevinas M, Koh WP, Kohno T, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Kratz CP, Krogh V, Kunitoh H, Kurtz RC, Kurucu N, Lan Q, Lathrop M, Lau CC, Lecanda F, Lee KM, Lee MP, Le Marchand L, Lerner SP, Li D, Liao LM, Lim WY, Lin D, Lin J, Lindstrom S, Linet MS, Lissowska J, Liu J, Ljungberg B, Lloreta J, Lu D, Ma J, Malats N, Mannisto S, Marina N, Mastrangelo G, Matsuo K, McGlynn KA, McKean-Cowdin R, McNeill LH, McWilliams RR, Melin BS, Meltzer PS, Mensah JE, Miao X, Michaud DS, Mondul AM, Moore LE, Muir K, Niwa S, Olson SH, Orr N, Panico S, Park JY, Patel AV, Patino-Garcia A, Pavanello S, Peeters PHM, Peplonska B, Peters U, Petersen GM, Picci P, Pike MC, Porru S, Prescott J, Pu X, Purdue MP, Qiao YL, Rajaraman P, Riboli E, Risch HA, Rodabough RJ, Rothman N, Ruder AM, Ryu JS, Sanson M, Schned A, Schumacher FR, Schwartz AG, Schwartz KL, Schwenn M, Scotlandi K, Seow A, Serra C, Serra M, Sesso HD, Severi G, Shen H, Shen M, Shete S, Shiraishi K, Shu XO, Siddiq A, Sierrasesumaga L, Sierri S, Loon Sihoe AD, Silverman DT, Simon M, Southey MC, Spector L, Spitz M, Stampfer M, Stattin P, Stern MC, Stevens VL, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Stram DO, Strom SS, Su WC, Sund M, Sung SW, Swerdlow A, Tan W, Tanaka H, Tang W, Tang ZZ, Tardon A, Tay E, Taylor PR, Tettey Y, Thomas DM, Tirabosco R, Tjonneland A, Tobias GS, Toro JR, Travis RC, Trichopoulos D, Troisi R, Truelove A, Tsai YH, Tucker MA, Tumino R, Van Den Berg D, Van Den Eeden SK, Vermeulen R, Vineis P, Visvanathan K, Vogel U, Wang C, Wang C, Wang J, Wang SS, Weiderpass E, Weinstein SJ, Wentzensen N, Wheeler W, White E, Wiencke JK, Wolk A, Wolpin BM, Wong MP, Wrensch M, Wu C, Wu T, Wu X, Wu YL, Wunder JS, Xiang YB, Xu J, Yang HP, Yang PC, Yatabe Y, Ye Y, Yeboah ED, Yin Z, Ying C, Yu CJ, Yu K, Yuan JM, Zanetti KA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Zheng W, Zhou B, Mirabello L, Savage SA, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Yeager M, Landi MT, Shi J, Chatterjee N, Amundadottir LT. Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6616-33. [PMID: 25027329 PMCID: PMC4240198 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | | | - Jinping Jia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Christopher Hautman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew A Adjei
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anders Ahlbom
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine
| | | | - Naomi E Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain, CIBERESP, CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gerald Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cecilia Arici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Austin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA, International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Bolton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2RE, UK
| | | | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | | | | | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Butler
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Carreon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angela Carta
- Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xu Che
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | | | - Lisa W Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | | | - Victoria K Cortessis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics Division, Keck School of Medicine and
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP, Paris, France, AP-HP, Department of Urology, Tenon Hospital, GHU-Est, Paris, France, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°5, ONCOTYPE-URO, Paris, France
| | - Faith G Davis
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Deng
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- Service de Neurologie Mazarin, GH Pitie-Salpetriere, APHP, and UMR 975 INSERM-UPMC, CRICM, Paris, France
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric J Duell
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanne W Elena
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- UCL Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | | | | | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saude (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Reina Garcia-Closas
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veteran's Epidemiology, Research and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela S Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol A Giffen
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, MD, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Gorlick
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Robert Grubb
- Department of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Goran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Nutritional Research
| | | | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Claudia Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qincheng He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Chancellor Hohensee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Preventive Medicine and
| | | | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Taiwan Lung Cancer Tissue/Specimen Information Resource Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chao Agnes Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin B Jacobs
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Bioinformed, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Johansson
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine
| | | | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - In-Sam Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Genomic Research Center for Lung and Breast/Ovarian Cancers, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Brain and Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-eup, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Hideo Kunitoh
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nilgun Kurucu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, A.Y. Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Yenimahalle- Ankara, Turkey
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Genotypage, IG/CEA, Evry Cedex, France, Centre d'Étude du Polymorphism Humain (CEPH), Paris, France
| | - Ching C Lau
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kyoung-Mu Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology
| | | | - Wei-Yen Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology and
| | - Josep Lloreta
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daru Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nuria Malats
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Satu Mannisto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neyssa Marina
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan, Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Scicence, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, and Center for Community-Engaged Translational Research, Duncan Family Institute and
| | | | | | | | - James E Mensah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nick Orr
- Complex Traits Genetics Team and
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ana Patino-Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Petra H M Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Piero Picci
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Porru
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xia Pu
- Department of Epidemiology
| | | | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rebecca J Rodabough
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Avima M Ruder
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Marc Sanson
- Service de Neurologie Mazarin, GH Pitie-Salpetriere, APHP, and UMR 975 INSERM-UPMC, CRICM, Paris, France
| | - Alan Schned
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology and
| | - Kendra L Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Consol Serra
- Centre for Research in Occupational Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria & Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Sierrasesumaga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic of Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sabina Sierri
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alan Dart Loon Sihoe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Margaret Spitz
- Dan L. Duncan Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Par Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology and
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sook Whan Sung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK, Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wei Tang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Ze-Zhang Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - David M Thomas
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ruth C Travis
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry Associazione Iblea Ricerca Epidemiologica, Onlus and Asp Ragusa, Ragusa Italy
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Imperial College, London, UK, Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino Italy
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Soborg, Denmark
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | | | - Junwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophia S Wang
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope and the Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotaong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital and
| | | | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, PO BOX 77, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana Medical School, PO Box 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Ying
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA and
| | - Krista A Zanetti
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
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Lopez DS, Advani S, Tsilidis KK, Hernandez M, Symanski E, Strom SS, Sinha A, Canfield S. Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels in U.S. Men: NHANES 2001–2006. Journal of Men's Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/jomh.2014.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Benjamini O, Jain P, Trinh L, Qiao W, Strom SS, Lerner S, Wang X, Burger J, Ferrajoli A, Kantarjian H, O'Brien S, Wierda W, Estrov Z, Keating M. Second cancers in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who received frontline fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab therapy: distribution and clinical outcomes. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1643-50. [PMID: 25308294 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.957203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are known to have an increased incidence of second cancers, but the contribution of commonly used frontline therapies to the incidence of second cancers is unclear. We report on the characteristics, incidence, outcomes and factors associated with second cancers in 234 patients receiving fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (FCR) based regimens in the frontline setting. The risk of second cancers was 2.38 times higher than the expected risk in the general population. Ninety-three patients (40%) had other cancers before and 66 patients (28%) after FCR. Rates of therapy related acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (t-AML/MDS) (5.1%) and Richter transformation (RT) (9%) were high, while solid tumors were not increased. Overall survival of patients with second cancers after frontline FCR was shorter (median of 4.5 years) compared to patients with and without prior cancers. Second cancer risk after frontline FCR is mainly due to high rates of t-AML/MDS and RT, and as speculated the survival of affected patients is shorter.
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Strom SS, Yamamura Y. Abstract C09: Planning for the future: Reaching an inner city Mexican American population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp13-c09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hispanics comprise 17% of the overall US population and 40% of the population in Texas. Approximately 90% of Hispanic Texans are of Mexican descent. This population presents unique challenges in access to health care and utilization of preventive screening. Although the internet has been rapidly integrated into education and outreach strategies for cancer prevention, its potential impact in reducing health disparities among Hispanics has not been evaluated. The few surveys conducted to date among Hispanics have focused on only those individuals who use the internet and were primarily done for marketing purposes. This study was conducted to identify differences between individuals who use internet compared to non-users in a large cohort of Mexican Americans residing in inner city neighborhoods (Houston, TX). Given that technology has evolved so quickly over the past decade, we limited our analyses to 1313 individuals enrolled in the past 2 years. In our population, most of the participants (58%, N=756) reported that they do not use the internet.
Using multivariable logistic regression, we constructed the final model in a backwards, stepwise approach to determine factors associated with internet use. Compared to those who reported using the internet, non-users were significantly (P<0.05) more likely to be male, older (mean age 51.4 vs. 41.3 years old), non-English speakers (71.4% vs. 42.0%), and not have private insurance (14% vs. 25%). Notably, 87% of participants that did not use the internet reported that they almost always spoke in Spanish; in contrast, 44% of internet users reported that they almost always spoke in English. Overall, individuals who do not use the internet were more likely to have traits associated with poorer health and higher risk for health disparity.
One of the most important findings from this study is that almost 60% of the Hispanics in this population do not use the internet; additionally, among individuals who use the internet, only 61% reported using any form of social media (Facebook, Google+, Twitter, myspace). These results suggest that the use of social media and internet would not be effective methods to reach this population and have an impact in reducing health disparities in an inner city minority population.
Citation Format: Sara S. Strom, Yuko Yamamura. Planning for the future: Reaching an inner city Mexican American population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C09. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C09
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Al Olama AA, Kote-Jarai Z, Berndt SI, Conti DV, Schumacher F, Han Y, Benlloch S, Hazelett DJ, Wang Z, Saunders E, Leongamornlert D, Lindstrom S, Jugurnauth-Little S, Dadaev T, Tymrakiewicz M, Stram DO, Rand K, Wan P, Stram A, Sheng X, Pooler LC, Park K, Xia L, Tyrer J, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Yeager M, Burdette L, Chung CC, Hutchinson A, Yu K, Goh C, Ahmed M, Govindasami K, Guy M, Tammela TLJ, Auvinen A, Wahlfors T, Schleutker J, Visakorpi T, Leinonen KA, Xu J, Aly M, Donovan J, Travis RC, Key TJ, Siddiq A, Canzian F, Khaw KT, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Pharoah P, Pashayan N, Weischer M, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Klarskov P, Røder MA, Iversen P, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Stanford JL, Kolb S, Holt S, Knudsen B, Coll AH, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Stevens VL, Maier C, Luedeke M, Herkommer K, Rinckleb AE, Strom SS, Pettaway C, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Chokkalingam AP, Cannon-Albright L, Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Kluźniak W, Park J, Sellers T, Lin HY, Isaacs WB, Partin AW, Brenner H, Dieffenbach AK, Stegmaier C, Chen C, Giovannucci EL, Ma J, Stampfer M, Penney KL, Mucci L, John EM, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Pandha H, Michael A, Kierzek AM, Blot W, Signorello LB, Zheng W, Albanes D, Virtamo J, Weinstein S, Nemesure B, Carpten J, Leske C, Wu SY, Hennis A, Kibel AS, Rybicki BA, Neslund-Dudas C, Hsing AW, Chu L, Goodman PJ, Klein EA, Zheng SL, Batra J, Clements J, Spurdle A, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Maia S, Slavov C, Kaneva R, Mitev V, Witte JS, Casey G, Gillanders EM, Seminara D, Riboli E, Hamdy FC, Coetzee GA, Li Q, Freedman ML, Hunter DJ, Muir K, Gronberg H, Neal DE, Southey M, Giles GG, Severi G, Cook MB, Nakagawa H, Wiklund F, Kraft P, Chanock SJ, Henderson BE, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Haiman CA. A meta-analysis of 87,040 individuals identifies 23 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer. Nat Genet 2014; 46:1103-9. [PMID: 25217961 PMCID: PMC4383163 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 76 variants associated with prostate cancer risk predominantly in populations of European ancestry. To identify additional susceptibility loci for this common cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis of > 10 million SNPs in 43,303 prostate cancer cases and 43,737 controls from studies in populations of European, African, Japanese and Latino ancestry. Twenty-three new susceptibility loci were identified at association P < 5 × 10(-8); 15 variants were identified among men of European ancestry, 7 were identified in multi-ancestry analyses and 1 was associated with early-onset prostate cancer. These 23 variants, in combination with known prostate cancer risk variants, explain 33% of the familial risk for this disease in European-ancestry populations. These findings provide new regions for investigation into the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and demonstrate the usefulness of combining ancestrally diverse populations to discover risk loci for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Al Olama
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2]
| | | | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David V Conti
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis J Hazelett
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Lindstrom
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel O Stram
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristin Rand
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alex Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Loreall C Pooler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merideth Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chee Goh
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Teuvo L J Tammela
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital and Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- 1] BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland. [2] Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri A Leinonen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Markus Aly
- 1] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. [2] Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Borge G Nordestgaard
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. [2] Faculty of Healthy and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Klarskov
- Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Iversen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Janet L Stanford
- 1] Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Holt
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Beatrice Knudsen
- Translational Pathology, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Manuel Luedeke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edward D Yeboah
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yao Tettey
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard B Biritwum
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew A Adjei
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- 1] University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana. [2] Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Anand P Chokkalingam
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- 1] Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. [2] George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kluźniak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan W Partin
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Karina Dieffenbach
- 1] Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Constance Chen
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esther M John
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Andrzej M Kierzek
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - William Blot
- 1] International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA. [2] Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa B Signorello
- 1] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anselm Hennis
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. [2] Chronic Disease Research Centre, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lisa Chu
- 1] Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA. [2] Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- Southwest Oncology Group Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Lilly Zheng
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- 1] Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal. [2] Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Maia
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John S Witte
- 1] Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. [2] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella Seminara
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerhard A Coetzee
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Hunter
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- 1] Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. [2] Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David E Neal
- 1] Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- 1] Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [2] Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. [3] Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael B Cook
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- 1] Laboratory for Genome Sequencing Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. [2]
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- 1] Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. [2]
| | - Peter Kraft
- 1] Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3]
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Brian E Henderson
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
| | - Douglas F Easton
- 1] Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [2]
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- 1] Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. [2] Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, UK. [3]
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- 1] Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [2] Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. [3]
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Han Y, Signorello LB, Strom SS, Kittles RA, Rybicki BA, Stanford JL, Goodman PJ, Berndt SI, Carpten J, Casey G, Chu L, Conti DV, Rand KA, Diver R, Hennis AJ, John EM, Kibel AS, Klein EA, Kolb S, Marchand LL, Leske MC, Murphy AB, Neslund-Dudas C, Park JY, Pettaway CA, Rebbeck TR, Gapstur SM, Zheng SL, Wu SY, Witte JS, Xu J, Isaacs WB, Ingles SA, Hsing AW, Easton DF, Eeles RA, Schumacher FR, Chanock SJ, Nemesure B, Blot WJ, Stram DO, Henderson BE, Haiman CA. Abstract 5066: Generalizability of established prostate cancer risk variants in men of African ancestry. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified more than eighty risk variants for prostate cancer, mainly in European or Asian populations. The generalizability of these variants in other racial/ethnic populations needs to be understood before the loci can be utilized widely in risk modeling.
Methods: We examined 82 previously reported risk variants in 5,096 prostate cancer cases and 4,972 controls of African ancestry. Association testing was performed using logistic regression adjusted for age, study and global ancestry. Cumulative effects were assessed through a multi-SNP genetic risk score.
Results: Among the 82 known risk alleles, 68 (83%) were positively associated with prostate cancer risk in men of African ancestry and 30 (37%) were minimally replicated at p<0.05, with the most statistically significant variants being rs6983561 (p=1.1×10-16) and rs13254738 (p=1.8×10-15) at 8q24, as well as rs10896449 at 11q13 (p=5.5×10-7). With ≥80% statistical power, 27 variants failed to replicate at p<0.05. An aggregate score comprised of 79 unlinked alleles was strongly and equally associated with overall prostate cancer risk (per-allele odds ratio (OR)=1.06; p=1.2×10-47) and aggressive prostate cancer risk (OR=1.06; p=1.2×10-22).
Conclusions: The consistent directions of effect for the vast majority of variants in men of African ancestry indicate common functional alleles that are shared across populations. Some variants that failed to replicate may not be the best markers of prostate cancer risk for men of African ancestry, and thus further exploration of these loci through sequencing and fine-mapping is needed.
Citation Format: Ying Han, Lisa B. Signorello, Sara S. Strom, Rick A. Kittles, Benjamin A. Rybicki, Janet L. Stanford, Phyllis J. Goodman, Sonja I. Berndt, John Carpten, Graham Casey, Lisa Chu, David V. Conti, Kristin A. Rand, Ryan Diver, Anselm JM Hennis, Esther M. John, Adam S. Kibel, Eric A. Klein, Suzanne Kolb, Loic Le Marchand, M Cristina Leske, Adam B. Murphy, Christine Neslund-Dudas, Jong Y. Park, Curtis A. Pettaway, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Susan M. Gapstur, Siqun Lilly Zheng, Suh-Yuh Wu, John S. Witte, Jianfeng Xu, William B. Isaacs, Sue A. Ingles, Ann W. Hsing, The PRACTICAL Consortium, The ELLIPSE GAME-ON Consortium, Douglas F. Easton, Rosalind A. Eeles, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Stephen J. Chanock, Barbara Nemesure, William J. Blot, Daniel O. Stram, Brian E. Henderson, Christopher A. Haiman. Generalizability of established prostate cancer risk variants in men of African ancestry. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5066. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5066
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Sara S. Strom
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Carpten
- 9The Translational Genomics Research Institute, AZ
| | - Graham Casey
- 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lisa Chu
- 10Cancer Prevention Institute of California, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- 19University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Abramson Cancer Center, PA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianfeng Xu
- 20Wake Forest University School of Medicine, NC
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Yamamura Y, Oum R, Gbito KYE, Garcia-Manero G, Strom SS. Dietary intake of vegetables, fruits, and meats/beans as potential risk factors of acute myeloid leukemia: a Texas case-control study. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1132-40. [PMID: 24168094 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.834946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet has been identified as a risk factor for some cancers, but its role in adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unclear. This study was conducted at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center to evaluate associations between consumption of vegetables, fruits, and meats with AML risk among Texas residents. All participants, 323 adult de novo AML cases and 380 frequency-matched controls, completed demographic and food frequency questionnaires. Overall, AML risk was significantly decreased among those who consumed the most dark green vegetables, seafood, and nuts/seeds; and it was significantly increased among greatest consumers of red meat. Among men, AML risk was lowest among those whose consumption was in the highest quartile for fruits [odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10-0.69], poultry (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.10-0.78), and seafood (OR = 0.39, 95%CI = 0.16-0.96) compared to those in the lowest. Among women, risk was lowest among those whose consumption was in the highest quartile of dark-green vegetables (OR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.12-.68), orange vegetables (OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.17-.96) and nuts/beans (OR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.11-0.60). Based on these findings, interventions can be developed to modify intake of specific dietary components to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamamura
- a Department of Epidemiology , The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas , USA
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Liu CT, Monda KL, Taylor KC, Lange L, Demerath EW, Palmas W, Wojczynski MK, Ellis JC, Vitolins MZ, Liu S, Papanicolaou GJ, Irvin MR, Xue L, Griffin PJ, Nalls MA, Adeyemo A, Liu J, Li G, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Chen WM, Chen F, Henderson BE, Millikan RC, Ambrosone CB, Strom SS, Guo X, Andrews JS, Sun YV, Mosley TH, Yanek LR, Shriner D, Haritunians T, Rotter JI, Speliotes EK, Smith M, Rosenberg L, Mychaleckyj J, Nayak U, Spruill I, Garvey WT, Pettaway C, Nyante S, Bandera EV, Britton AF, Zonderman AB, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Chen YDI, Ding J, Lohman K, Kritchevsky SB, Zhao W, Peyser PA, Kardia SLR, Kabagambe E, Broeckel U, Chen G, Zhou J, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Neuhouser ML, Rampersaud E, Psaty B, Kooperberg C, Manson JE, Kuller LH, Ochs-Balcom HM, Johnson KC, Sucheston L, Ordovas JM, Palmer JR, Haiman CA, McKnight B, Howard BV, Becker DM, Bielak LF, Liu Y, Allison MA, Grant SFA, Burke GL, Patel SR, Schreiner PJ, Borecki IB, Evans MK, Taylor H, Sale MM, Howard V, Carlson CS, Rotimi CN, Cushman M, Harris TB, Reiner AP, Cupples LA, North KE, Fox CS. Genome-wide association of body fat distribution in African ancestry populations suggests new loci. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003681. [PMID: 23966867 PMCID: PMC3744443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Central obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) or waist-hip ratio (WHR), is a marker of body fat distribution. Although obesity disproportionately affects minority populations, few studies have conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fat distribution among those of predominantly African ancestry (AA). We performed GWAS of WC and WHR, adjusted and unadjusted for BMI, in up to 33,591 and 27,350 AA individuals, respectively. We identified loci associated with fat distribution in AA individuals using meta-analyses of GWA results for WC and WHR (stage 1). Overall, 25 SNPs with single genomic control (GC)-corrected p-values<5.0 × 10(-6) were followed-up (stage 2) in AA with WC and with WHR. Additionally, we interrogated genomic regions of previously identified European ancestry (EA) WHR loci among AA. In joint analysis of association results including both Stage 1 and 2 cohorts, 2 SNPs demonstrated association, rs2075064 at LHX2, p = 2.24×10(-8) for WC-adjusted-for-BMI, and rs6931262 at RREB1, p = 2.48×10(-8) for WHR-adjusted-for-BMI. However, neither signal was genome-wide significant after double GC-correction (LHX2: p = 6.5 × 10(-8); RREB1: p = 5.7 × 10(-8)). Six of fourteen previously reported loci for waist in EA populations were significant (p<0.05 divided by the number of independent SNPs within the region) in AA studied here (TBX15-WARS2, GRB14, ADAMTS9, LY86, RSPO3, ITPR2-SSPN). Further, we observed associations with metabolic traits: rs13389219 at GRB14 associated with HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting insulin, and rs13060013 at ADAMTS9 with HDL-cholesterol and fasting insulin. Finally, we observed nominal evidence for sexual dimorphism, with stronger results in AA women at the GRB14 locus (p for interaction = 0.02). In conclusion, we identified two suggestive loci associated with fat distribution in AA populations in addition to confirming 6 loci previously identified in populations of EA. These findings reinforce the concept that there are fat distribution loci that are independent of generalized adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keri L. Monda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kira C. Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Leslie Lange
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn C. Ellis
- Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mara Z. Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - George J. Papanicolaou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Prevention and Population Sciences Program, National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Luting Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paula J. Griffin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Guo Li
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edward A. Ruiz-Narvaez
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health and Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fang Chen
- Center for Public Health and Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jeanette S. Andrews
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Talin Haritunians
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Megan Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Josyf Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health and Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health and Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ida Spruill
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Department of Epidemiology, UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Angela F. Britton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Peyser
- Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Edmond Kabagambe
- Department of Epidemiology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Miami Institute for Human Genomics, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- John T. McDonald Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services and Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lewis H. Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen C. Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lara Sucheston
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Barbara V. Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute and Georgetown University, Hyattsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Becker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- University of California at San Diego Department of Preventive Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory L. Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sanjay R. Patel
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Health Disparities Research Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Herman Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Michele M. Sale
- Center for Public Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Virginia Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Carlson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Charles N. Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, NIA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KEN); (CSF)
| | - Caroline S. Fox
- NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- NHLBI's Center for Population Studies, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KEN); (CSF)
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Strom SS, Oum R, Elhor Gbito KY, Garcia-Manero G, Yamamura Y. De novo acute myeloid leukemia risk factors: a Texas case-control study. Cancer 2012; 118:4589-96. [PMID: 22297571 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is comprised of several bone marrow-based cancers and is the most common type of leukemia in the United States. The etiology of AML is not well understood. A case-control study was conducted at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center to investigate associations between lifestyle characteristics and the risk of AML in Texas. METHODS This study included 638 adult patients with de novo AML (cases) and a group of 636 matched controls. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect demographic and occupational data. The distribution of cases by World Health Organization (WHO) subtype was 71 patients (11%) with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities (AML-RCA), 134 patients (21%) with multilineage dysplasia (AML-MD), and 389 patients (61%) with AML not otherwise categorized (AML-NOC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed among all AML cases and among both sexes and each WHO subgroup. RESULTS Among men, heavy smoking (≥30 pack-years; odds ratio [OR], 1.86) and occupational solvent exposure at low levels (OR, 2.87) or moderate/high levels (OR, 4.13) statistically significantly increased the risk of AML. Among women, obesity (OR, 1.62) and solvent exposure to low levels (OR, 2.73) or moderate/high levels (OR, 3.90) increased the risk of AML. Across WHO subtypes, obesity was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of AML-RCA (OR, 3.15), whereas solvent exposure increased the risk in all subtypes at low levels (AML-RCA: OR, 4.11; AML-MD: OR, 2.54) and moderate/high levels (AML-RCA: OR, 5.13; AML-MD: OR, 3.02). A joint effect between smoking and solvent exposure was observed, and the highest risk was observed among smokers who had solvent exposure (OR, 4.51). CONCLUSIONS The current results suggested that several factors play a role in AML predisposition with possible joint effects. Risk profiles for AML differed by sex and WHO subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hosain GMM, Sanderson M, Du XL, Chan W, Strom SS. Racial/ethnic differences in treatment discussed, preferred, and received for prostate cancer in a tri-ethnic population. Am J Mens Health 2012; 6:249-57. [PMID: 22419652 DOI: 10.1177/1557988311432467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore whether racial/ethnic differences exist in treatment discussed, preferred, and ultimately received for localized prostate cancer (PCa) as epidemiological data are scant on this issue. The authors recruited 640 localized PCa patients from the Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, between 1996 and 2004. The authors used a structured questionnaire to collect data through personal interviews. Three main treatment modalities for localized PCa, consisting of surgery, radiation therapy, and watchful waiting, were considered for this study. It was found that health professionals were less likely to discuss surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18-0.68) and watchful waiting (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.34-0.83) with Hispanics than Whites. However, African Americans were less likely to receive watchful waiting (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.05-0.93). They were more likely to prefer (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.78-1.94) and receive (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.87-1.86) radiation therapy, although they did not achieve statistical significance (p < .05). Higher age was associated with lower likelihood of discussing, preferring, and receiving surgical treatment. Higher Gleason sum was associated with lower likelihood of discussing treatment. A comparison of concordances between treatment preferred by patients and what was actually received, in general, showed a higher agreement for surgery and radiation therapy. More exploration needs to be done in other settings to confirm these findings.
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Campa D, Butterbach K, Slager SL, Skibola CF, de Sanjosé S, Benavente Y, Becker N, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Cocco P, Staines A, Kaaks R, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Conde L, Bracci PM, Caporaso NE, Strom SS, Camp NJ, Cerhan JR, Canzian F, Nieters A. A comprehensive study of polymorphisms in the ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, NR1I2 genes and lymphoma risk. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:803-12. [PMID: 21918980 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their role in controlling the efflux of toxic compounds, transporters are central players in the process of detoxification and elimination of xenobiotics, which in turn is related to cancer risk. Among these transporters, ATP-binding cassette B1/multidrug resistance 1 (ABCB1/MDR1), ABCC2/multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) affect susceptibility to many hematopoietic malignancies. The maintenance of regulated expression of these transporters is governed through the activation of intracellular "xenosensors" like the nuclear receptor 1I2/pregnane X receptor (NR1I2/PXR). SNPs in genes encoding these regulators have also been implicated in the risk of several cancers. Using a tagging approach, we tested the hypothesis that common polymorphisms in the transporter genes ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2 and the regulator gene NR1I2 could be implicated in lymphoma risk. We selected 68 SNPs in the four genes, and we genotyped them in 1,481 lymphoma cases and 1,491 controls of the European case-control study (EpiLymph) using the Illumina GoldenGate™ assay technology. Carriers of the SNP rs6857600 minor allele in ABCG2 was associated with a decrease in risk of B-cell lymphoma (B-NHL) overall (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a decreased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was associated with the ABCG2 rs2231142 variant (p = 0.0004), which could be replicated in an independent population. These results suggest a role for this gene in B-NHL susceptibility, especially for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campa
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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N'Diaye A, Chen GK, Palmer CD, Ge B, Tayo B, Mathias RA, Ding J, Nalls MA, Adeyemo A, Adoue V, Ambrosone CB, Atwood L, Bandera EV, Becker LC, Berndt SI, Bernstein L, Blot WJ, Boerwinkle E, Britton A, Casey G, Chanock SJ, Demerath E, Deming SL, Diver WR, Fox C, Harris TB, Hernandez DG, Hu JJ, Ingles SA, John EM, Johnson C, Keating B, Kittles RA, Kolonel LN, Kritchevsky SB, Le Marchand L, Lohman K, Liu J, Millikan RC, Murphy A, Musani S, Neslund-Dudas C, North KE, Nyante S, Ogunniyi A, Ostrander EA, Papanicolaou G, Patel S, Pettaway CA, Press MF, Redline S, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Rotimi C, Rybicki BA, Salako B, Schreiner PJ, Signorello LB, Singleton AB, Stanford JL, Stram AH, Stram DO, Strom SS, Suktitipat B, Thun MJ, Witte JS, Yanek LR, Ziegler RG, Zheng W, Zhu X, Zmuda JM, Zonderman AB, Evans MK, Liu Y, Becker DM, Cooper RS, Pastinen T, Henderson BE, Hirschhorn JN, Lettre G, Haiman CA. Identification, replication, and fine-mapping of Loci associated with adult height in individuals of african ancestry. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002298. [PMID: 21998595 PMCID: PMC3188544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult height is a classic polygenic trait of high heritability (h2 ∼0.8). More than 180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified mostly in populations of European descent, are associated with height. These variants convey modest effects and explain ∼10% of the variance in height. Discovery efforts in other populations, while limited, have revealed loci for height not previously implicated in individuals of European ancestry. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) results for adult height in 20,427 individuals of African ancestry with replication in up to 16,436 African Americans. We found two novel height loci (Xp22-rs12393627, P = 3.4×10−12 and 2p14-rs4315565, P = 1.2×10−8). As a group, height associations discovered in European-ancestry samples replicate in individuals of African ancestry (P = 1.7×10−4 for overall replication). Fine-mapping of the European height loci in African-ancestry individuals showed an enrichment of SNPs that are associated with expression of nearby genes when compared to the index European height SNPs (P<0.01). Our results highlight the utility of genetic studies in non-European populations to understand the etiology of complex human diseases and traits. Adult height is an ideal phenotype to improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex diseases and traits: it is easily measured and usually available in large cohorts, relatively stable, and mostly influenced by genetics (narrow-sense heritability of height h2∼0.8). Genome-wide association (GWA) studies in individuals of European ancestry have identified >180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with height. In the current study, we continued to use height as a model polygenic trait and explored the genetic influence in populations of African ancestry through a meta-analysis of GWA height results from 20,809 individuals of African descent. We identified two novel height loci not previously found in Europeans. We also replicated the European height signals, suggesting that many of the genetic variants that are associated with height are shared between individuals of European and African descent. Finally, in fine-mapping the European height loci in African-ancestry individuals, we found SNPs more likely to be associated with the expression of nearby genes than the SNPs originally found in Europeans. Thus, our results support the utility of performing genetic studies in non-European populations to gain insights into complex human diseases and traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary K. Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bing Ge
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bamidele Tayo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rasika A. Mathias
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins GeneSTAR Research Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- NIH Intramural Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Véronique Adoue
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christine B. Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Larry Atwood
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Lewis C. Becker
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins GeneSTAR Research Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Angela Britton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sandra L. Deming
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Caroline Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
- School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brendan Keating
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Kurt Lohman
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jiankang Liu
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Millikan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Solomon Musani
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Christine Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sarah Nyante
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George Papanicolaou
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Curtis A. Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Press
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jorge L. Rodriguez-Gil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Charles Rotimi
- NIH Intramural Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Pamela J. Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lisa B. Signorello
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alex H. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sara S. Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bhoom Suktitipat
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins GeneSTAR Research Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Thun
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Institute for Human Genetics, Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins GeneSTAR Research Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Health Disparities Research Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Becker
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins GeneSTAR Research Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JN Hirschhorn); (G Lettre); (CA Haiman)
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail: (JN Hirschhorn); (G Lettre); (CA Haiman)
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JN Hirschhorn); (G Lettre); (CA Haiman)
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Hinch AG, Tandon A, Patterson N, Song Y, Rohland N, Palmer CD, Chen GK, Wang K, Buxbaum SG, Akylbekova EL, Aldrich MC, Ambrosone CB, Amos C, Bandera EV, Berndt SI, Bernstein L, Blot WJ, Bock CH, Boerwinkle E, Cai Q, Caporaso N, Casey G, Cupples LA, Deming SL, Diver WR, Divers J, Fornage M, Gillanders EM, Glessner J, Harris CC, Hu JJ, Ingles SA, Isaacs W, John EM, Kao WHL, Keating B, Kittles RA, Kolonel LN, Larkin E, Le Marchand L, McNeill LH, Millikan RC, Murphy A, Musani S, Neslund-Dudas C, Nyante S, Papanicolaou GJ, Press MF, Psaty BM, Reiner AP, Rich SS, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Rotter JI, Rybicki BA, Schwartz AG, Signorello LB, Spitz M, Strom SS, Thun MJ, Tucker MA, Wang Z, Wiencke JK, Witte JS, Wrensch M, Wu X, Yamamura Y, Zanetti KA, Zheng W, Ziegler RG, Zhu X, Redline S, Hirschhorn JN, Henderson BE, Taylor HA, Price AL, Hakonarson H, Chanock SJ, Haiman CA, Wilson JG, Reich D, Myers SR. The landscape of recombination in African Americans. Nature 2011; 476:170-5. [PMID: 21775986 PMCID: PMC3154982 DOI: 10.1038/nature10336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recombination, together with mutation, gives rise to genetic variation in populations. Here we leverage the recent mixture of people of African and European ancestry in the Americas to build a genetic map measuring the probability of crossing over at each position in the genome, based on about 2.1 million crossovers in 30,000 unrelated African Americans. At intervals of more than three megabases it is nearly identical to a map built in Europeans. At finer scales it differs significantly, and we identify about 2,500 recombination hotspots that are active in people of West African ancestry but nearly inactive in Europeans. The probability of a crossover at these hotspots is almost fully controlled by the alleles an individual carries at PRDM9 (P value < 10(-245)). We identify a 17-base-pair DNA sequence motif that is enriched in these hotspots, and is an excellent match to the predicted binding target of PRDM9 alleles common in West Africans and rare in Europeans. Sites of this motif are predicted to be risk loci for disease-causing genomic rearrangements in individuals carrying these alleles. More generally, this map provides a resource for research in human genetic variation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali G Hinch
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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Haiman CA, Chen GK, Blot WJ, Strom SS, Berndt SI, Kittles RA, Rybicki BA, Isaacs WB, Ingles SA, Stanford JL, Diver WR, Witte JS, Chanock SJ, Kolb S, Signorello LB, Yamamura Y, Neslund-Dudas C, Thun MJ, Murphy A, Casey G, Sheng X, Wan P, Pooler LC, Monroe KR, Waters KM, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Stram DO, Henderson BE. Characterizing genetic risk at known prostate cancer susceptibility loci in African Americans. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001387. [PMID: 21637779 PMCID: PMC3102736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GWAS of prostate cancer have been remarkably successful in revealing common genetic variants and novel biological pathways that are linked with its etiology. A more complete understanding of inherited susceptibility to prostate cancer in the general population will come from continuing such discovery efforts and from testing known risk alleles in diverse racial and ethnic groups. In this large study of prostate cancer in African American men (3,425 prostate cancer cases and 3,290 controls), we tested 49 risk variants located in 28 genomic regions identified through GWAS in men of European and Asian descent, and we replicated associations (at p≤0.05) with roughly half of these markers. Through fine-mapping, we identified nearby markers in many regions that better define associations in African Americans. At 8q24, we found 9 variants (p≤6×10(-4)) that best capture risk of prostate cancer in African Americans, many of which are more common in men of African than European descent. The markers found to be associated with risk at each locus improved risk modeling in African Americans (per allele OR = 1.17) over the alleles reported in the original GWAS (OR = 1.08). In summary, in this detailed analysis of the prostate cancer risk loci reported from GWAS, we have validated and improved upon markers of risk in some regions that better define the association with prostate cancer in African Americans. Our findings with variants at 8q24 also reinforce the importance of this region as a major risk locus for prostate cancer in men of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
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Hosain GMM, Sanderson M, Du XL, Chan W, Strom SS. Racial/ethnic differences in predictors of PSA screening in a tri-ethnic population. Cent Eur J Public Health 2011; 19:30-4. [PMID: 21526653 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to identify racial/ethnic differences in predictors of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in a group of prostate cancer patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 935 prostate cancer patients were recruited from the Texas Medical Center, Houston, between 1996 and 2004. It included 372 Caucasians, 346 African Americans and 217 Hispanics. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and life-style related variables, and self-reported PSA screening history through personal interview. RESULTS African American (54.4%) and Hispanic patients (42.3%) were significantly less likely (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively) to report having had PSA screening than Caucasian patients (63.2%). Only annual check-up was found to be a significant predictor of PSA screening in Hispanics. Among Caucasians, education and annual check-up were significant predictors of PSA screening; whereas in African Americans, education, annual check-up, marital status and BMI were significant predictors of PSA screening. CONCLUSIONS The rates of PSAscreening and its predictors varied by race/ethnicity in this tri-ethnic population. Health-education programs and culturally appropriate educational outreach efforts, especially targeted for high-risk groups, are needed to reduce these disparities.
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Monroy CM, Cortes AC, Lopez M, Rourke E, Etzel CJ, Younes A, Strom SS, El-Zein R. Hodgkin lymphoma risk: role of genetic polymorphisms and gene-gene interactions in DNA repair pathways. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:825-34. [PMID: 21374732 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair variants may play a potentially important role in an individual's susceptibility to developing cancer. Numerous studies have reported the association between genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes and different types of hematologic cancers. However, to date, the effects of such SNPs on modulating Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) risk have not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that gene-gene interaction between candidate genes in direct reversal, nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER) and double strand break (DSB) pathways may contribute to susceptibility to HL. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a study on 200 HL cases and 220 controls to assess associations between HL risk and 21 functional SNPs in DNA repair genes. We evaluated potential gene-gene interactions and the association of multiple polymorphisms in a chromosome region using a multi-analytic strategy combining logistic regression, multi-factor dimensionality reduction and classification and regression tree approaches. We observed that, in combination, allelic variants in the XPC Ala499Val, NBN Glu185Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Me, XRCC1 Arg194Trp, and XRCC1 399Gln polymorphisms modify the risk for developing HL. Moreover, the cumulative genetic risk score revealed a significant trend where the risk for developing HL increases as the number of adverse alleles in BER and DSB genes increase. These findings suggest that DNA repair variants in BER and DSB pathways may play an important role in the development of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Monroy
- Department of Epidemiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Monroy CM, Cortes AC, Lopez MS, D'Amelio AM, Etzel CJ, Younes A, Strom SS, El-Zein RA. Hodgkin disease risk: role of genetic polymorphisms and gene-gene interactions in inflammation pathway genes. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:36-46. [PMID: 21061265 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical component of cancer development. The clinical and pathological features of Hodgkin disease (HD) reflect an abnormal immunity that results from cytokines secreted by Reed-Sternberg cells and the surrounding tumor. Numerous studies have reported the association between genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to different hematologic cancers. However, the effects of such SNPs on modulating HD risk have not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that gene-gene interactions between candidate genes in the anti- and pro-inflammatory pathways carrying suspicious polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to HD. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a study on 200 HD cases and 220 controls to assess associations between HD risk and 38 functional SNPs in inflammatory genes. We evaluated potential gene-gene interactions using a multi-analytic strategy combining logistic regression, multi-factor dimensionality reduction, and classification and regression tree (CART) approaches. We observed that, in combination, allelic variants in the COX2, IL18, ILR4, and IL10 genes modify the risk for developing HD. Moreover, the cumulative genetic risk score (CGRS) revealed a significant trend where the risk for developing HD increases as the number of adverse alleles in the cytokine genes increase. These findings support the notion that epigenetic-interactions between these cytokines may influence pathogenesis of HD modulating the proliferation of regulatory T cells. In this way, the innate and adaptative immune responses may be altered and defy their usual functions in the host anti-tumor response. Our study is the first to report the association between polymorphisms in inflammation genes and HD susceptibility risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Monroy
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-1439, USA
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Abstract
Androgen levels during critical periods of testicular development may be involved in the aetiology of testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT). We evaluated the roles of adolescent and early adult life correlates of androgen exposure and TGCT in a hospital-based case-control study. TGCT cases (n=187) and controls (n=148), matched on age, race and state of residence, participated in the study. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between TGCT and male pattern baldness, severe acne, markers of puberty onset and body size. Cases were significantly less likely to report hair loss than controls [odds ratio (OR): 0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4, 1.0]. Amount of hair loss, increasing age at onset and increasing rate of loss were all inversely associated with TGCT (rate of hair loss: p-trend=0.03; age at onset: p-trend=0.03; amount of hair loss: p-trend=0.01). History of severe acne was inversely associated with TGCT (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9) and height was positively associated with TGCT (p-trend=0.02). Increased endogenous androgen levels during puberty and early adulthood may be associated with a decreased risk of TGCT. Additional studies of endogenous hormone levels during puberty and early adult life are warranted, especially studies evaluating the role of androgen synthesis, metabolism and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Trabert
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20852-7234, USA.
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Alam M, Goldberg LH, Silapunt S, Gardner ES, Strom SS, Rademaker AW, Margolis DJ. Delayed treatment and continued growth of nonmelanoma skin cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 64:839-48. [PMID: 21055843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients may delay treatment for skin cancer for various reasons. Prior research on treatment delay has focused on melanoma rather than nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), which is much more common. OBJECTIVE We sought to clarify the reasons for delay in the presentation for diagnosis and treatment of NMSC. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study in a Mohs micrographic surgery private practice in an urban setting. Eligible subjects were 982 consecutive patients presenting for Mohs micrographic surgery for NMSC between March and December 2005. No enrolled subjects were withdrawn for adverse effects. The survey was a 4-page written self-administered questionnaire, eliciting patient medical history, skin cancer history, demographic information, initial and subsequent lesion size, and reasons for delay in presentation for evaluation and management. Outcome analyses addressed the: (1) frequency of specific reasons for delayed presentation, as provided by self-report; (2) association between reasons for delay with demographic or other patient-specific factors; and (3) change in lesion diameter from the time of detection by the patient to the time of presentation to the doctor. RESULTS Among the reasons for waiting, denial (including: thought it would go away, thought it wasn't important, too busy, thought they could self-treat, afraid it might be something dangerous) was the most frequent, accounting for 71% of cases; difficulty scheduling was associated with 10% of the instances of delay. Older patients (age >64 years) were more likely to wait to seek care than younger patients (odd ratio [OR] = 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4-0.7). Patients with a prior skin cancer were more likely to wait (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.0), as were patients with major life problems (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.6-4.3) and patients with a history of any cancer (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4). Weighted kappa analysis comparing tumor size at the two time points yielded a kappa of 0.72 (SE = .02; 95% CI 0.68-0.77). When the data were separated into two groups, one including those tumors that had decreased in size or remained the same (698 patients), and those that had increased in size (120 patients), the median delay-to-presentation intervals associated with these two groups (2.5 vs 6.0 months, respectively) were found to be significantly different (P < .0001). LIMITATIONS This study may have limited generalizability to the extent that it reflects the characteristics only of the subpopulation of patients with skin cancer who eventually received treatment at a referral-based, urban, dermatology private practice. Overall, these patients may have been better insured and be more affluent than the general population. CONCLUSIONS Denial is the most common patient-specific factor accounting for delayed presentation for NMSC diagnosis and treatment. Patients younger than 65 years, with a skin cancer history, with major life problems, and with a history of any cancer were most likely to wait to see a doctor. There was a significant increase in tumor size from the time when tumors were noticed by patients to the time when patients presented to a physician. Increased delay was associated with increased tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alam
- Section of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Abel EL, Angel JM, Riggs PK, Langfield L, Lo HH, Person MD, Awasthi YC, Wang LE, Strom SS, Wei Q, DiGiovanni J. Evidence that Gsta4 modifies susceptibility to skin tumor development in mice and humans. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:1663-75. [PMID: 20966433 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is equivalent to that of all other cancers combined. Previously, we mapped the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) skin tumor promotion susceptibility locus, Psl1, to distal chromosome 9 in crosses of sensitive DBA/2 mice with relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice. Here, we used the mouse two-stage skin carcinogenesis model to identify the gene(s) responsible for the effects of Psl1. METHODS Interval-specific congenic mouse strains (n ≥ 59 mice per strain) were used to more precisely map the Psl1 locus. Having identified glutathione S-transferase α4 (Gsta4) as a candidate tumor promotion susceptibility gene that mapped within the delimited region, we analyzed Gsta4-deficient mice (n = 62) for susceptibility to skin tumor promotion by TPA. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to verify induction of Gsta4 in mouse epidermis following TPA treatment and biochemical assays to associate Gsta4 activity with tumor promotion susceptibility. In addition, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GSTA4 were analyzed in a case-control study of 414 NMSC patients and 450 control subjects to examine their association with human NMSC. Statistical analyses of tumor studies in mice were one-sided, whereas all other statistical analyses were two-sided. RESULTS Analyses of congenic mice indicated that at least two loci, Psl1.1 and Psl1.2, map to distal chromosome 9 and confer susceptibility to skin tumor promotion by TPA. Gsta4 maps to Psl1.2 and was highly induced (mRNA and protein) in the epidermis of resistant C57BL/6 mice compared with that of sensitive DBA/2 mice following treatment with TPA. Gsta4 activity levels were also higher in the epidermis of C57BL/6 mice following treatment with TPA. Gsta4-deficient mice (C57BL/6.Gsta4(-/-) mice) were more sensitive to TPA skin tumor promotion (0.8 tumors per mouse vs 0.4 tumors per mouse in wild-type controls; difference = 0.4 tumors per mouse; 95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 0.7, P = .007). Furthermore, inheritance of polymorphisms in GSTA4 was associated with risk of human NMSC. Three SNPs were found to be independent predictors of NMSC risk. Two of these were associated with increased risk of NMSC (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.60 to 3.42), while the third was associated with decreased risk of NMSC (OR = 0.63). In addition, a fourth SNP was associated with decreased risk of basal cell carcinoma only (OR = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS Gsta4/GSTA4 is a novel susceptibility gene for NMSC that affects risk in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Abel
- Department of Carcinogenesis, Science Park-Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
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Trabert B, Sigurdson AJ, Sweeney AM, Strom SS, McGlynn KA. Marijuana use and testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer 2010; 117:848-53. [PMID: 20925043 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the early 1970s, the incidence of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) in the United States has been increasing; however, potential environmental exposures accounting for this increase have not been identified. A previous study reported a significant association between frequent and long-term current marijuana users and TGCT risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between marijuana use and TGCTs in a hospital-based case-control study. METHODS TGCT patients diagnosed between January 1990 and October 1996 (n = 187) and male friend controls (n = 148) were enrolled in the study. All participants were between the ages of 18 and 50 at the time of diagnosis and resided in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, or Oklahoma. Associations of marijuana use and TGCTs were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, race, prior cryptorchidism, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake. RESULTS Overall, patients with TGCTs were more likely to be frequent marijuana users (daily or greater) compared with controls (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-5.1). Histological-specific analyses revealed that patients with nonseminoma were significantly more likely than controls to be frequent users (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-8.2) and long-term (≥ 10 years) users (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-6.1). CONCLUSIONS The finding of an association between frequent marijuana use and TGCTs, particularly among men with nonseminoma, was consistent with the findings of a previous report. Additional studies of marijuana use and TGCTs are warranted, especially studies evaluating the role of endocannabinoid signaling and cannabinoid receptors in TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton Trabert
- Hormonal and Reproductive Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
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Goldin LR, Lanasa MC, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Vachon CM, Strom SS, Camp NJ, Spector LG, Leis JF, Morrison VA, Glenn M, Rabe KG, Achenbach SJ, Algood SD, Abbasi F, Fontaine L, Yau M, Rassenti LZ, Kay NE, Call TG, Hanson CA, Weinberg JB, Marti GE, Caporaso NE. Common occurrence of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis among members of high-risk CLL families. Br J Haematol 2010; 151:152-8. [PMID: 20738309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is an asymptomatic haematological condition characterized by low absolute levels of B-cell clones with a surface immunophenotype similar to that of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). In the general population, MBL increases with age with a prevalence of 5-9% in individuals over age 60 years. It has been reported to be higher among first-degree relatives from CLL families. We report results of multi-parameter flow cytometry among 505 first-degree relatives with no personal history of lymphoproliferative disease from 140 families having at least two cases of CLL. Seventeen percent of relatives had MBL. Age was the most important determinant where the probability for developing MBL by age 90 years was 61%. MBL clustered in certain families but clustering was independent of the number of known CLL cases in a family. As is the case with CLL, males had a significantly higher risk for MBL than did females (P = 0·04). MBL patients had significantly higher mean absolute lymphocyte counts (2·4 × 10(9) /l) and B-cell counts (0·53 × 10(9) /l) than those with a normal B-cell immuno-phenotype. Our findings show that MBL occurs at a very high rate in high risk CLL families. Both the age and gender distribution of MBL are parallel to CLL, implying a shared inherited risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn R Goldin
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA.
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Strom SS, Estey E, Outschoorn UM, Garcia-Manero G. Acute myeloid leukemia outcome: role of nucleotide excision repair polymorphisms in intermediate risk patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:598-605. [PMID: 20141440 DOI: 10.3109/10428190903582804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), cytogenetics predicts treatment outcome for the favorable and poor subgroups but not for the intermediate subgroup. Polymorphisms within the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway may lead to interindividual differences in DNA repair capacity, influencing outcome. We studied the role of six polymorphisms (ERCC1 Gln504Lys, XPD Lys751Gln, XPC Ala499Val, XPC Lys939Gln, XPG Asp1104His, and CCNH Val270Ala) in overall and disease-free survival among 170 adult de novo patients with intermediate cytogenetics (diploid [n = 117]; non-diploid [n = 53]), treated with induction chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were performed. Diploid patients with the XPD AC/CC genotype survived shorter than those with the wild-type genotype (median survival 22 vs. 40 months, p = 0.03). Diploid patients with XPC CT/TT genotype survived shorter than those with the wild-type genotype (median survival 15 vs. 30 months, p = 0.02). After adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic variables, patients carrying both XPD AC/CC and XPC CT/TT had a greater than two-fold increased risk of dying, compared to those with the wild-type genotypes (HR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.06-5.85). No associations were observed for disease-free survival. This combined genotype may modulate treatment effect, decreasing overall survival. These findings could in the future help select treatments for patients with normal cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Strom
- Epidemiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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