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Wang A, Shen J, Rodriguez AA, Saunders EJ, Chen F, Janivara R, Darst BF, Sheng X, Xu Y, Chou AJ, Benlloch S, Dadaev T, Brook MN, Plym A, Sahimi A, Hoffman TJ, Takahashi A, Matsuda K, Momozawa Y, Fujita M, Laisk T, Figuerêdo J, Muir K, Ito S, Liu X, Uchio Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Lophatananon A, Wan P, Andrews C, Lori A, Choudhury PP, Schleutker J, Tammela TL, Sipeky C, Auvinen A, Giles GG, Southey MC, MacInnis RJ, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Lubinski J, Rentsch CT, Cho K, Mcmahon BH, Neal DE, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Martin RM, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Weischer M, Bojesen SE, Røder A, Stroomberg HV, Batra J, Chambers S, Horvath L, Clements JA, Tilly W, Risbridger GP, Gronberg H, Aly M, Szulkin R, Eklund M, Nordstrom T, Pashayan N, Dunning AM, Ghoussaini M, Travis RC, Key TJ, Riboli E, Park JY, Sellers TA, Lin HY, Albanes D, Weinstein S, Cook MB, Mucci LA, Giovannucci E, Lindstrom S, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, Penney KL, Turman C, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, Hamilton RJ, Fleshner NE, Finelli A, Parent MÉ, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Koutros S, Beane Freeman LE, Stampfer M, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Andriole GL, Hoover RN, Machiela MJ, Sørensen KD, Borre M, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Lu YJ, Zhang HW, Feng N, Mao X, Wu Y, Zhao SC, Sun Z, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, West CM, Barnett G, Maier C, Schnoeller T, Luedeke M, Kibel AS, Drake BF, Cussenot O, Cancel-Tassin G, Menegaux F, Truong T, Koudou YA, John EM, Grindedal EM, Maehle L, Khaw KT, Ingles SA, Stern MC, Vega A, Gómez-Caamaño A, Fachal L, Rosenstein BS, Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Teixeira MR, Paulo P, Brandão A, Watya S, Lubwama A, Bensen JT, Butler EN, Mohler JL, Taylor JA, Kogevinas M, Dierssen-Sotos T, Castaño-Vinyals G, Cannon-Albright L, Teerlink CC, Huff CD, Pilie P, Yu Y, Bohlender RJ, Gu J, Strom SS, Multigner L, Blanchet P, Brureau L, Kaneva R, Slavov C, Mitev V, Leach RJ, Brenner H, Chen X, Holleczek B, Schöttker B, Klein EA, Hsing AW, Kittles RA, Murphy AB, Logothetis CJ, Kim J, Neuhausen SL, Steele L, Ding YC, Isaacs WB, Nemesure B, Hennis AJ, Carpten J, Pandha H, Michael A, Ruyck KD, Meerleer GD, Ost P, Xu J, Razack A, Lim J, Teo SH, Newcomb LF, Lin DW, Fowke JH, Neslund-Dudas CM, Rybicki BA, Gamulin M, Lessel D, Kulis T, Usmani N, Abraham A, Singhal S, Parliament M, Claessens F, Joniau S, den Broeck TV, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Martinez ME, Larkin S, Townsend PA, Aukim-Hastie C, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Crawford DC, Srivastava S, Cullen J, Petrovics G, Casey G, Wang Y, Tettey Y, Lachance J, Tang W, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Yamoah K, Govindasami K, Chokkalingam AP, Keaton JM, Hellwege JN, Clark PE, Jalloh M, Gueye SM, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Shittu O, Amodu O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Ajibola HO, Jamda MA, Oluwole OP, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Diop H, Gundell SM, Roobol MJ, Jenster G, van Schaik RH, Hu JJ, Sanderson M, Kachuri L, Varma R, McKean-Cowdin R, Torres M, Preuss MH, Loos RJ, Zawistowski M, Zöllner S, Lu Z, Van Den Eeden SK, Easton DF, Ambs S, Edwards TL, Mägi R, Rebbeck TR, Fritsche L, Chanock SJ, Berndt SI, Wiklund F, Nakagawa H, Witte JS, Gaziano JM, Justice AC, Mancuso N, Terao C, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Madduri RK, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2065-2074. [PMID: 37945903 PMCID: PMC10841479 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Fei Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rohini Janivara
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Burcu F. Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yili Xu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alisha J. Chou
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Benlloch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology,University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Anna Plym
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Sahimi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hoffman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Atushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing,Graduate school of Frontier Sciences,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jéssica Figuerêdo
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Shuji Ito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - The Biobank Japan Project
- Corresponding Author: Christopher A. Haiman, Harlyne J. Norris Cancer Research Tower, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1450 Biggy Street, Rm 1504, Los Angeles, CA 90033 or
| | - Yuji Uchio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences,Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | | | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Csilla Sipeky
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health,The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health,The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokolorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christopher T. Rentsch
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David E. Neal
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Borge G. Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F. Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maren Weischer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hein V. Stroomberg
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Horvath
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse (COBLH), Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Tilly
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gail P. Risbridger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Aly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Szulkin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- SDS Life Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Eklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Nordstrom
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences at Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nora Pashayan
- University College London, Department of Applied Health Research, London, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Open Targets, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Saffron Walden, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH,, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn L. Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Hospital – Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Hamilton
- Dept. of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Dept. of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil E. Fleshner
- Dept. of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerald L. Andriole
- Brady Urological Institute in National Capital Region, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J. Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina Dalsgaard Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - James E. Mensah
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Ninghan Feng
- Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangzhu Province, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan-Chao Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Sun
- The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Proviouce, The People’s Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, Shenyang, China
| | - Stephen N. Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Catharine M.L. West
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gill Barnett
- University of Cambridge Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- CeRePP, Paris, France
| | | | - Florence Menegaux
- Exposome and Heredity, CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Exposome and Heredity, CESP (UMR 1018), Paris-Saclay Medical School, Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Akoli Koudou
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cédex, France
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lovise Maehle
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Antonio Gómez-Caamaño
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Fachal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- Fundación Pública Galega Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Barry S. Rosenstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L. Kerns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Harry Ostrer
- Professor of Pathology and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Laboratory Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Brandão
- Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ebonee N. Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James L. Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Craig C. Teerlink
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chad D. Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Pilie
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan J. Bohlender
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S. Strom
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Department of Urology and Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanio Mitev
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Robin J. Leach
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy and Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric A. Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Linda Steele
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Chun Ding
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anselm J.M. Hennis
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kim De Ruyck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Ost
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiotherapy, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Azad Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia (CRM), Outpatient Centre, Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lisa F. Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay H. Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology,The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Urogenital Unit, Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nawaid Usmani
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aswin Abraham
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandeep Singhal
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Parliament
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Esteban Castelao
- Genetic Oncology Unit, CHUVI Hospital, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur (IISGS), Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Larkin
- Scientific Education Support, Thames Ditton, Surrey, Formerly Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | | | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Public Health Science, Center for Public Health Genomics,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew A. Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jacob M. Keaton
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacklyn N. Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E. Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olayiwola Shittu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and Univerity College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Amodu
- Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O. Adebiyi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I. Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hafees O. Ajibola
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha A. Jamda
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olabode P. Oluwole
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Susan M. Gundell
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monique J. Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron H.N. van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer J. Hu
- The University of Miami School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Torres
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael H. Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Zawistowski
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zeyun Lu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine,University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology,, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nick Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - David V. Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chen F, Madduri RK, Rodriguez AA, Darst BF, Chou A, Sheng X, Wang A, Shen J, Saunders EJ, Rhie SK, Bensen JT, Ingles SA, Kittles RA, Strom SS, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, Isaacs WB, Stanford JL, Zheng W, Sanderson M, John EM, Park JY, Xu J, Wang Y, Berndt SI, Huff CD, Yeboah ED, Tettey Y, Lachance J, Tang W, Rentsch CT, Cho K, Mcmahon BH, Biritwum RB, Adjei AA, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Sellers TA, Yamoah K, Murphy AB, Crawford DC, Patel AV, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Cussenot O, Petrovics G, Cullen J, Neslund-Dudas CM, Stern MC, Kote-Jarai Z, Govindasami K, Cook MB, Chokkalingam AP, Hsing AW, Goodman PJ, Hoffmann TJ, Drake BF, Hu JJ, Keaton JM, Hellwege JN, Clark PE, Jalloh M, Gueye SM, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Idowu MO, Popoola O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Ajibola HO, Jamda MA, Oluwole OP, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Mensah JE, Diop H, Van Den Eeden SK, Blanchet P, Fowke JH, Casey G, Hennis AJ, Lubwama A, Thompson IM, Leach R, Easton DF, Preuss MH, Loos RJ, Gundell SM, Wan P, Mohler JL, Fontham ET, Smith GJ, Taylor JA, Srivastava S, Eeles RA, Carpten JD, Kibel AS, Multigner L, Parent MÉ, Menegaux F, Cancel-Tassin G, Klein EA, Andrews C, Rebbeck TR, Brureau L, Ambs S, Edwards TL, Watya S, Chanock SJ, Witte JS, Blot WJ, Michael Gaziano J, Justice AC, Conti DV, Haiman CA. Evidence of Novel Susceptibility Variants for Prostate Cancer and a Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score Associated with Aggressive Disease in Men of African Ancestry. Eur Urol 2023; 84:13-21. [PMID: 36872133 PMCID: PMC10424812 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To discover common genetic variants contributing to the risk of PCa in men of African ancestry. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a meta-analysis of ten genome-wide association studies consisting of 19378 cases and 61620 controls of African ancestry. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Common genotyped and imputed variants were tested for their association with PCa risk. Novel susceptibility loci were identified and incorporated into a multiancestry polygenic risk score (PRS). The PRS was evaluated for associations with PCa risk and disease aggressiveness. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Nine novel susceptibility loci for PCa were identified, of which seven were only found or substantially more common in men of African ancestry, including an African-specific stop-gain variant in the prostate-specific gene anoctamin 7 (ANO7). A multiancestry PRS of 278 risk variants conferred strong associations with PCa risk in African ancestry studies (odds ratios [ORs] >3 and >5 for men in the top PRS decile and percentile, respectively). More importantly, compared with men in the 40-60% PRS category, men in the top PRS decile had a significantly higher risk of aggressive PCa (OR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.38, p = 4.4 × 10-4). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of large-scale genetic studies in men of African ancestry for a better understanding of PCa susceptibility in this high-risk population and suggests a potential clinical utility of PRS in differentiating between the risks of developing aggressive and nonaggressive disease in men of African ancestry. PATIENT SUMMARY In this large genetic study in men of African ancestry, we discovered nine novel prostate cancer (PCa) risk variants. We also showed that a multiancestry polygenic risk score was effective in stratifying PCa risk, and was able to differentiate risk of aggressive and nonaggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Burcu F Darst
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alisha Chou
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Suhn K Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yao Tettey
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Rentsch
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelly Cho
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin H Mcmahon
- Theoretical Biology Division, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Andrew A Adjei
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alpa V Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Department of Urology and Predictive Onco-Urology Group, Sorbonne Université, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- The University of Miami School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael O Idowu
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Popoola
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O Adebiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Hafees O Ajibola
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha A Jamda
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olabode P Oluwole
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Stephen K Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Public Health Science, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anselm J Hennis
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Medical Center Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin Leach
- Department of Urology, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth J Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Gundell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rosaline A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John D Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Department of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cédex, France; Paris-Sud University, Villejuif Cédex, France
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- Department of Urology and Predictive Onco-Urology Group, Sorbonne Université, GRC 5 Predictive Onco-Urology, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; CeRePP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric A Klein
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Darst BF, Hughley R, Pfennig A, Hazra U, Fan C, Wan P, Sheng X, Xia L, Andrews C, Chen F, Berndt SI, Kote-Jarai Z, Govindasami K, Bensen JT, Ingles SA, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, John EM, Fowke JH, Huff CD, Strom SS, Isaacs WB, Park JY, Zheng W, Ostrander EA, Walsh PC, Carpten J, Sellers TA, Yamoah K, Murphy AB, Sanderson M, Crawford DC, Gapstur SM, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Cussenot O, Petrovics G, Cullen J, Neslund-Dudas C, Kittles RA, Xu J, Stern MC, Chokkalingam AP, Multigner L, Parent ME, Menegaux F, Cancel-Tassin G, Kibel AS, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Stanford JL, Drake BF, Hu JJ, Clark PE, Blanchet P, Casey G, Hennis AJM, Lubwama A, Thompson IM, Leach RJ, Gundell SM, Pooler L, Mohler JL, Fontham ETH, Smith GJ, Taylor JA, Brureau L, Blot WJ, Biritwum R, Tay E, Truelove A, Niwa S, Tettey Y, Varma R, McKean-Cowdin R, Torres M, Jalloh M, Magueye Gueye S, Niang L, Ogunbiyi O, Oladimeji Idowu M, Popoola O, Adebiyi AO, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach OI, Nwegbu M, Adusei B, Mante S, Darkwa-Abrahams A, Yeboah ED, Mensah JE, Anthony Adjei A, Diop H, Cook MB, Chanock SJ, Watya S, Eeles RA, Chiang CWK, Lachance J, Rebbeck TR, Conti DV, Haiman CA. A Rare Germline HOXB13 Variant Contributes to Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry. Eur Urol 2022; 81:458-462. [PMID: 35031163 PMCID: PMC9018520 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion variant in HOXB13 (X285K, rs77179853) was recently reported in Martinican men with early-onset prostate cancer. Given the role of HOXB13 germline variation in prostate cancer, we investigated the association between HOXB13 X285K and prostate cancer risk in a large sample of 22 361 African ancestry men, including 11 688 prostate cancer cases. The risk allele was present only in men of West African ancestry, with an allele frequency in men that ranged from 0.40% in Ghana and 0.31% in Nigeria to 0% in Uganda and South Africa, with a range of frequencies in men with admixed African ancestry from North America and Europe (0-0.26%). HOXB13 X285K was associated with 2.4-fold increased odds of prostate cancer (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-3.9, p = 2 × 10-4), with greater risk observed for more aggressive and advanced disease (Gleason ≥8: odds ratio [OR] = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.3-9.5, p = 2 × 10-5; stage T3/T4: OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.0-10.0, p = 2 × 10-4; metastatic disease: OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.9-13.7, p = 0.001). We estimated that the allele arose in West Africa 1500-4600 yr ago. Further analysis is needed to understand how the HOXB13 X285K variant impacts the HOXB13 protein and function in the prostate. Understanding who carries this mutation may inform prostate cancer screening in men of West African ancestry. PATIENT SUMMARY: A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion in HOXB13, found only in men of West African ancestry, was reported to be associated with an increased risk of overall and advanced prostate cancer. Understanding who carries this mutation may help inform screening for prostate cancer in men of West African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu F Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Raymond Hughley
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Pfennig
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ujani Hazra
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caoqi Fan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Koveela Govindasami
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP & Sorbonne Universite, GRC n° 5, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Menegaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer-Environment, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Atrium Health/Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Alexander Lubwama
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Health System and The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Gundell
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Tay
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Yao Tettey
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rohit Varma
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta McKean-Cowdin
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mina Torres
- Southern California Eye Institute, CHA Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Olufemi Ogunbiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olufemi Popoola
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Akindele O Adebiyi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oseremen I Aisuodionoe-Shadrach
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell Nwegbu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and Cancer Science Center, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Edward D Yeboah
- Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Halimatou Diop
- Laboratoires Bacteriologie et Virologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Michael B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Watya
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Uro Care, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Lachance
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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4
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Darst BF, Wan P, Sheng X, Bensen JT, Ingles SA, Rybicki BA, Nemesure B, John EM, Fowke JH, Stevens VL, Berndt SI, Huff CD, Strom SS, Park JY, Zheng W, Ostrander EA, Walsh PC, Srivastava S, Carpten J, Sellers TA, Yamoah K, Murphy AB, Sanderson M, Crawford DC, Gapstur SM, Bush WS, Aldrich MC, Cussenot O, Yeager M, Petrovics G, Cullen J, Neslund-Dudas C, Kittles RA, Xu J, Stern MC, Kote-Jarai Z, Govindasami K, Chokkalingam AP, Multigner L, Parent ME, Menegaux F, Cancel-Tassin G, Kibel AS, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Drake BF, Hu JJ, Clark PE, Blanchet P, Casey G, Hennis AJM, Lubwama A, Thompson IM, Leach R, Gundell SM, Pooler L, Xia L, Mohler JL, Fontham ETH, Smith GJ, Taylor JA, Eeles RA, Brureau L, Chanock SJ, Watya S, Stanford JL, Mandal D, Isaacs WB, Cooney K, Blot WJ, Conti DV, Haiman CA. A Germline Variant at 8q24 Contributes to Familial Clustering of Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry. Eur Urol 2020; 78:316-320. [PMID: 32409115 PMCID: PMC7805560 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although men of African ancestry have a high risk of prostate cancer (PCa), no genes or mutations have been identified that contribute to familial clustering of PCa in this population. We investigated whether the African ancestry-specific PCa risk variant at 8q24, rs72725854, is enriched in men with a PCa family history in 9052 cases, 143 cases from high-risk families, and 8595 controls of African ancestry. We found the risk allele to be significantly associated with earlier age at diagnosis, more aggressive disease, and enriched in men with a PCa family history (32% of high-risk familial cases carried the variant vs 23% of cases without a family history and 12% of controls). For cases with two or more first-degree relatives with PCa who had at least one family member diagnosed at age <60 yr, the odds ratios for TA heterozygotes and TT homozygotes were 3.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13-7.22) and 33.41 (95% CI = 10.86-102.84), respectively. Among men with a PCa family history, the absolute risk by age 60 yr reached 21% (95% CI = 17-25%) for TA heterozygotes and 38% (95% CI = 13-65%) for TT homozygotes. We estimate that in men of African ancestry, rs72725854 accounts for 32% of the total familial risk explained by all known PCa risk variants. PATIENT SUMMARY: We found that rs72725854, an African ancestry-specific risk variant, is more common in men with a family history of prostate cancer and in those diagnosed with prostate cancer at younger ages. Men of African ancestry may benefit from the knowledge of their carrier status for this genetic risk variant to guide decisions about prostate cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu F Darst
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sue A Ingles
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad D Huff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP and Sorbonne Universite, GRC n° 5, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Petrovics
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Surgery, Center for Prostate Disease Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care and Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Koveela Govindasami
- Oncogenetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, UK
| | | | | | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Quebec, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Menegaux
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Team Cancer-Environment, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Rennes, France; University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, FWI, France; French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, FWI, France
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anselm J M Hennis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Alexander Lubwama
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ian M Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin Leach
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Gundell
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Xia
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Laurent Brureau
- Inserm U1085-IRSET, Rennes, France; University Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, FWI, France; French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, FWI, France
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Watya
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Uro Care, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - William B Isaacs
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Cooney
- Department of Medicine, Duke University of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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