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Rohail MU, Khan A, Pflaum RM, Patel M, Moody MA. An Atypical Case of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Associated With Ciprofloxacin and Quetiapine. Cureus 2023; 15:e36178. [PMID: 37065407 PMCID: PMC10104421 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A 29-year-old male presented to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath and numbness in bilateral upper and lower extremities that started a few hours prior to arrival. On physical examination, the patient was afebrile, disoriented, tachypneic, tachycardic, and hypertensive with generalized muscle rigidity. Further investigation revealed that the patient had recently been prescribed ciprofloxacin and restarted on quetiapine. The initial differential diagnosis was acute dystonia, and subsequently, the patient was placed on fluids, lorazepam, diazepam, and later benztropine. The patient's symptoms began to resolve, and psychiatry was consulted. Given the patient's autonomic instability, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, and leukocytosis, psychiatric consultation revealed an atypical case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). It was postulated that the patient's NMS was caused by a drug-drug interaction (DDI) between ciprofloxacin, a moderate cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor, and quetiapine, which is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4. The patient was then taken off quetiapine, admitted overnight, and discharged the next morning with complete resolution of his symptoms along with a prescription for diazepam. This case highlights the variable presentation of NMS and the need for clinicians to consider DDI when managing psychiatric patients.
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Sponbeck JK, Moody MA, Mitchell UH, Neves CD, Johnson AW. Multifidus muscle cross-sectional area adaptations over two volleyball seasons and one off-season in athletes with and without low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2022; 35:1135-1142. [PMID: 35342078 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multifidus muscle is important in spine stabilization. Atrophy of the multifidus muscle has been associated with low back pain. OBJECTIVE To examine multifidus muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) adaptations over two volleyball seasons and one off-season in volleyball athletes experiencing low back pain or no low back pain. METHODS Twelve female NCAA division 1 volleyball athletes participated. Athletes were placed into a low back pain or no low back pain group. Athlete's multifidus was imaged and measured using ultrasound at four time points across seasons. Imaging time points were before season one, following season one, following off-season, and following season two. A single level mixed-model analysis of variance was used for all analyses. A Tukey HSD post hoc test was used to determine differences between and within the low back pain and the no low back pain groups. RESULTS Following off-season training the pain group had clinically significant smaller multifidus CSA at the L4 (-2.36 cm2 difference or 17.5%) and L5 (-2.40 cm2 or 12.5%) levels. Non-significant (p> 0.05) decreases in multifidus CSA were seen in both groups following season one and two. Athletes with pain had decreased multifidus CSA at the L4 and L5 vertebral levels at all time points which was non-significant (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Clinically significant decreases in multifidus CSA occurred in female volleyball athletes with low back pain at the L4 and L5 level following off-season training. Volleyball athletes with pain had smaller multifidus CSA averages at all time points measured of the two year period.
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Ostermeier GC, Cardona C, Moody MA, Simpson AJ, Mendoza R, Travis AJ. Impacts of test (TES and Tris) yolk buffer and cooling on the ability of human sperm to capacitate. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Sperm must mature functionally in the process of capacitation to become able to fertilize. Capacitation depends on membrane lipid changes, and can be quantitatively assessed by redistribution of the ganglioside GM1, the basis of the Cap‐Score™ sperm function test. Here, differences in Cap‐Score were compared among and within men at two time points. Ejaculates were liquefied, washed, and incubated for 3 hr under capacitating (Cap) conditions, then fixed and analyzed immediately (Day0); after being incubated 3 hr under Cap conditions then maintained 22–24 hr in fix (Day1‐fix); or after 22–24 hr incubation under Cap conditions prior to fixation (Day1). In all cases, a light fixative previously shown to allow membrane lipid movements was used. Day1‐fix and Day1 Cap‐Scores were greater than Day0 (p < 0.001; n = 25), whereas Day1‐fix and Day1 Cap‐Scores were equivalent (p = 0.43; n = 25). In 123 samples from 52 fertile men, Cap‐Score increased more than 1SD (7.7; calculated previously from a fertile cohort) from Day0 to Day1‐fix in 44% (54/123) of the samples. To test whether timing of capacitation was consistent within an individual, 52 samples from 11 fertile men were classified into either “early” or “late” capacitation groups. The average capacitation group concordance within a donor was 81%. Median absolute deviation (MAD; in Cap‐Score units) was used to assess the tightness of clustering of the difference from Day0 to Day1‐fix within individuals. The average (2.21) and median (1.98) MAD confirmed consistency within individuals. Together, these data show that the timing of capacitation differed among men and was consistent within men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander J. Travis
- Androvia LifeSciencesMountainsideNew Jersey
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
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Moody MA, Cardona C, Simpson AJ, Smith TT, Travis AJ, Ostermeier GC. Validation of a laboratory-developed test of human sperm capacitation. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:408-422. [PMID: 28418600 PMCID: PMC5485017 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sperm must undergo capacitation to become fertilization competent. Here we validated that monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1 ) localization patterns, which were assessed in the Cap-Score™ Sperm Function Test, reflect a capacitated state in human sperm. First, we defined patterns representing sperm that do or do not respond to stimuli for capacitation. Sperm with "capacitated" patterns had exposed acrosomal carbohydrates and underwent acrosome exocytosis in response to calcium ionophore (A23187). Precision was evaluated by percent change of the Cap-Score measured for 50, 100, 150, and 200 sperm. Changes of 11%, 6%, and 5% were observed (n ≥ 23); therefore, we counted ≥150 sperm per condition. Variance within and between readers was evaluated using 20 stitched image files generated from unique ejaculates. Two trained readers randomly resampled each image 20 times, reporting an average standard deviation of 3 Cap-Score units and coefficient of variation of 13% when rescoring samples, with no difference between readers. Semen liquefaction times ≤2 hr and mechanical liquefaction with Pasteur or wide-orifice transfer pipettes did not alter Cap-Score values. However, liquefaction with chymotrypsin (p = 0.002) and bromelain (p = 0.049) reduced response to capacitating stimuli and induced membrane damage, while counterintuitively improving sperm motility. Together, these data validate the Cap-Score assay for the intended purpose of providing information on sperm capacitation and male fertility. In addition to its clinical utility as a diagnostic tool, this test of sperm function can reveal the impact of common practices of semen handling on the ability of sperm to respond to capacitation stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexander J. Travis
- Androvia LifeSciencesMountainsideNew Jersey
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary MedicineCornell UniversityIthacaNew York
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Cardona C, Neri QV, Simpson AJ, Moody MA, Ostermeier GC, Seaman EK, Paniza T, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo GD, Travis AJ. Localization patterns of the ganglioside G M1 in human sperm are indicative of male fertility and independent of traditional semen measures. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:423-435. [PMID: 28418610 PMCID: PMC5485082 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Semen analysis lacks a functional component and best identifies extreme cases of infertility. The ganglioside GM1 is known to have functional roles during capacitation and acrosome exocytosis. Here, we assessed whether GM1 localization patterns (Cap‐Score™) correspond with male fertility in different settings: Study 1 involved couples pursuing assisted reproduction in a tertiary care fertility clinic, while Study 2 involved men with known fertility versus those questioning their fertility at a local urology center. In Study 1, we examined various thresholds versus clinical history for 42 patients; 13 had Cap‐Scores ≥39.5%, with 12 of these (92.3%) achieving clinical pregnancy by natural conception or ≤3 intrauterine insemination cycles. Of the 29 patients scoring <39.5%, only six (20.7%) attained clinical pregnancy by natural conception or ≤3 intrauterine insemination cycles. In Study 2, Cap‐Scores were obtained from 76 fertile men (Cohort 1, pregnant partner or recent father) and compared to 122 men seeking fertility assessment (Cohort 2). Cap‐Score values were normally distributed in Cohort 1, with 13.2% having Cap‐Scores more than one standard deviation below the mean (35.3 ± 7.7%). Significantly, more men in Cohort 2 had Cap‐Scores greater than one standard deviation below the normal mean (33.6%; p = 0.001). Minimal/no relationship was found between Cap‐Score and sperm concentration, morphology, or motility. Together, these data demonstrate that Cap‐Score provides novel, clinically relevant insights into sperm function and male fertility that complement traditional semen analysis. Furthermore, the data provide normal reference ranges for fertile men that can help clinicians counsel couples toward the most appropriate fertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Queenie V Neri
- The Ronald O. Perelman & Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Theodore Paniza
- The Ronald O. Perelman & Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- The Ronald O. Perelman & Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Gianpiero D Palermo
- The Ronald O. Perelman & Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alexander J Travis
- Androvia LifeSciences, Mountainside, New Jersey.,Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Yates NL, Stacey AR, Nolen TL, Vandergrift NA, Moody MA, Montefiori DC, Weinhold KJ, Blattner WA, Borrow P, Shattock R, Cohen MS, Haynes BF, Tomaras GD. HIV-1 gp41 envelope IgA is frequently elicited after transmission but has an initial short response half-life. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:692-703. [PMID: 23299618 PMCID: PMC3663876 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of HIV-1 transmission at mucosal surfaces will likely require durable pre-existing mucosal anti-HIV-1 antibodies (Abs). Defining the ontogeny, specificities and potentially protective nature of the initial mucosal virus-specific B-cell response will be critical for understanding how to induce protective Ab responses by vaccination. Genital fluids from patients within the earliest stages of acute HIV-1 infection (Fiebig I-VI) were examined for multiple anti-HIV specificities. Gp41 (but not gp120) Env immunoglobulin (Ig)A Abs were frequently elicited in both plasma and mucosal fluids within the first weeks of transmission. However, shortly after induction, these initial mucosal gp41 Env IgA Abs rapidly declined with a t(½) of ∼2.7 days. B-cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) was elevated immediately preceding the appearance of gp41 Abs, likely contributing to an initial T-independent Ab response. HIV-1 transmission frequently elicits mucosal HIV-1 envelope-specific IgA responses targeted to gp41 that have a short half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - A R Stacey
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - T L Nolen
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - N A Vandergrift
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M A Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - D C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - K J Weinhold
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - W A Blattner
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology Epidemiology Division, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - P Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M S Cohen
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - B F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - G D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,()
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Bonsignori M, Pollara J, Moody MA, Kepler TB, Chen X, Gurley TC, Kozink DM, Marshall DJ, Whitesides JF, Kaewkungwal J, Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Rerks-Ngarm S, Kim JH, Michael NL, Montefiori DC, Liao H, Ferrari G, Haynes BF. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating antibodies from an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial preferentially use the VH1 gene family. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3442103 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Amos JD, Wilks AB, Fouda GG, Smith SD, Overman GR, Beck K, Moody MA, Tomaras GD, Permar SR. Strong SIV gp120-specific IgG/IgA responses in milk of African green monkeys may contribute to the rarity of postnatal transmission in this species. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441815 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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10
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Trama AM, Liao H, Foulger A, Marshall DJ, Whitesides JF, Parks R, Meyerhoff R, Lloyd KE, Donathan M, Lucas J, Soderberg K, Kepler TB, Vandergrift N, Yates N, Tomaras GD, Moody MA, Haynes BF. Lack of IgA envelope-reactive antibody producing cells in terminal ileum in early and chronic HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441430 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Williams WB, Jones K, Krambrink A, Grove D, Liu P, Yates NL, Moody MA, Ferrari G, Pollara J, Moodie Z, Morgan CA, Liao H, Montefiori DC, Ochsenbauer C, Kappes J, Hammer S, Mascola J, Koup R, Corey L, Nabel G, Gilbert P, Churchyard G, Keefer M, Graham BS, Haynes BF, Tomaras GD. Multiple antibody specificities (gp41, V1V2, and V3) elicited in the phase II multiclade (A, B, C) HIV-1 DNA prime, rAd5 boost vaccine trial. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441791 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-o55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bonsignori M, Moody MA, Parks RJ, Holl TM, Kelsoe G, Hicks CB, Vandergrift N, Tomaras GD, Haynes BF. P04-48. HIV-1 envelope induces memory B cell responses that correlate with plasma antibody levels after gp120 protein vaccination or chronic HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767980 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Munshaw S, Liao H, Dixon A, Chen X, Nagel A, Derosa K, Parks R, Amos J, Whitesides JF, Marshalls DJ, Yang Y, Gao F, Tomaras GD, Moody MA, Kelsoe GH, Shea TC, Margolis DM, Markowitz M, Goepfert P, Shaw G, Haynes BF, Kepler TB. S021-04 OA. A large-scale analysis of immunoglobulin sequences derived from plasmablasts/plasma cells in acute HIV-1 infection subjects. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767562 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-o4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Holl TM, Kuraoka M, Liao D, Verkoczy L, Moody MA, Alam M, Liao H, Haynes BF, Kelsoe GH. P04-44. Generation of antibody responses to HIV-1 membrane proximal external region (MPER) antigen. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767976 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bonsignori M, Hwang K, Vandergrift N, Moody MA, Haynes BF. P04-01. Simultaneous enumeration of HIV-1 gp41 Env-specific IgG and IgM antibody-secreting cells with a multiplex B-cell fluorospot assay. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767792 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Smith PB, Cotten CM, Garges HP, Tiffany KF, Lenfestey RW, Moody MA, Li JS, Benjamin DK. A comparison of neonatal Gram-negative rod and Gram-positive cocci meningitis. J Perinatol 2006; 26:111-4. [PMID: 16435007 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonatal meningitis is an illness with potentially devastating consequences. Early identification of potential risk factors for Gram-negative rod (GNR) infections versus Gram-positive cocci (GPC) infection prior to obtaining final culture results is of value in order to appropriately guide expirical therapy. We sought to compare laboratory and clinical parameters of GNR and GPC meningitis in a cohort of term and premature infants. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated lumbar punctures from neonates cared for at 150 neonatal intensive care units managed by the Pediatrix Medical Group Inc. We compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters (white blood cell count, red blood cell count, glucose, and protein), demographics, and outcomes between infants with GNR and GPC meningitis. CSF cultures positive with coagulase-negative staphylococci were excluded. RESULTS We identified 77 infants with GNR and 86 with GPC meningitis. There were no differences in gestational age, birth weight, infant sex, race, or rate of Caesarean section. GNR meningitis was more often diagnosed after the third postnatal day and was associated with higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts. GNR meningitis diagnosed in the first 3 days of life was associated with antepartum antibiotic exposure. No difference was noted in either CSF protein or glucose levels. After correcting for gestational age, there was no observed difference in mortality between infants infected with GNR or GPC. CONCLUSION Compared to GPC meningitis, GNR meningitis was associated with several aspects of the clinical history and laboratory findings including older age of presentation, antepartum exposure to antibiotics, and elevated CSF white blood cell and red blood cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Vu HM, Myers D, de Lorimier R, Matthews TJ, Moody MA, Heinly C, Torres JV, Haynes BF, Spicer L. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of solution conformations in C4-V3 hybrid peptides derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 gp120: relation to specificity of peptide-induced anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies. J Virol 1999; 73:746-50. [PMID: 9847381 PMCID: PMC103882 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.1.746-750.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic peptides containing epitopes of the gp120 C4 and V3 regions from human immunodeficiency virus strains MN and EV91 have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular modeling and used as immunogens in rhesus monkeys. The results, combined with those for other peptides, suggest a correlation between solution conformation and immunologic cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Vu
- Departments of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Ware RE, Nishimura J, Moody MA, Smith C, Rosse WF, Howard TA. The PIG-A mutation and absence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins do not confer resistance to apoptosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood 1998; 92:2541-50. [PMID: 9746796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by complement-mediated hemolysis and deficient hematopoiesis. The development of PNH involves an acquired mutation in the X-linked PIG-A gene, which leads to incomplete bioassembly of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and absent or reduced surface expression of GPI-linked proteins. The origin and mechanisms by which the PNH clone becomes dominant are not well understood, but recently resistance to apoptosis has been postulated. To test the hypothesis that the PIG-A mutation and absence of GPI-linked surface proteins directly confer resistance to apoptosis, we isolated peripheral granulocytes from 26 patients with PNH and 20 normal controls and measured apoptosis induced by serum starvation. Granulocytes from patients with PNH were relatively resistant to apoptosis (38.8% +/- 14.1%) as compared with granulocytes from controls (55.0% +/- 12.0%, P < .001). However, this resistance to apoptosis was not related to the dominance of the PNH clone because patients with a low percentage of GPI-deficient granulocytes had a similar rate of apoptosis as those with a high percentage of GPI-deficient granulocytes. Similarly, the resistance to granulocyte apoptosis was not influenced by the degree of neutropenia or a prior history of aplastic anemia. To investigate formally the importance of GPI-linked surface proteins in apoptosis, we introduced the PIG-A cDNA sequence into the JY5 GPI-negative B-lymphoblastoid cell line using two different methods: (1) stable transfection of a plasmid containing PIG-A, and (2) stable transduction of a retroviral vector containing PIG-A. We then measured rates of apoptosis induced either by Fas antibody, serum starvation, or gamma-irradiation. With each stimulus, apoptosis of JY5 with stable surface expression of GPI-linked proteins was not statistically different from the parent JY5 cell line or the JY25 (GPI-positive) cell line. Our data confirm that granulocytes from patients with PNH have a relative resistance to apoptosis as compared with normal granulocytes. However, this resistance does not vary with the level of expression of GPI-linked proteins, and stable introduction of PIG-A cDNA with correction of GPI-linked surface expression does not change the rate of apoptosis. Taken together, our data do not support the hypothesis that the PIG-A mutation and absence of GPI-linked surface proteins directly confer resistance to apoptosis in PNH. We conclude that the resistance to apoptosis in PNH is not related to the PIG-A mutation, indicating that other factors must be important in the origin of this phenomenon and the clonal dominance observed in PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Ware
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Vu HM, de Lorimier R, Moody MA, Haynes BF, Spicer LD. Conformational preferences of a chimeric peptide HIV-1 immunogen from the C4-V3 domains of gp120 envelope protein of HIV-1 CAN0A based on solution NMR: comparison to a related immunogenic peptide from HIV-1 RF. Biochemistry 1996; 35:5158-65. [PMID: 8611499 DOI: 10.1021/bi952665x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A critical problem to overcome on HIV vaccine design is the variability among HIV strains. One strategy to solve this problem is the construction of multicomponent immunogens reflective of common HIV motifs. Currently, it is not known if these motifs should be based primarily on amino acid sequence or higher-order structure of the viral proteins of a combination of the two. In this paper, we report NMR-derived solution conformations for a sympathetic peptide taken from the C4 and V3 domains of HIV-1 CAN0A gp120 envelope protein. This peptide, designated T1-SP10CAN0(A), is compared to a recently reported C4-V3 peptide. T1-SP10RF(A) from the HIV-1 RF strain [de Lorimier et al. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 2055-2062], in terms of conformational features and immune responses in mice [Haynes et al. (1995) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11, 211-221]. The T1 segment of 16 amino acids from the gp120 C4 domain is identical in both peptides and exhibits nascent helical character. The SP10 region, taken from the gp120 V3 loop, differs from that of T1-SP10RF(A) in both sequence and conformations. A reverse turn is observed at the conserved GPGX sequence. The rest of the Sp10 domain is extended with the exception of the last three residues which show evidence for a helical arrangement. Modeling of the turn region of the T1-SP10CAN0(A) peptide shows exposure of a continuous apolar stretch of side chains similar to that reported in the crystal structure of a V3 peptide from HIV-1 MN complexed with a monoclonal antibody [Rini et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 6325-6329]. this hydrophobic patch is interrupted by a charged Lys residue in the T1-SP10RF(A) peptide. This observation suggests that the HIV-1 CAN0A and HIV-1 RF C4-V3 peptides can induce widely different anti-HIV antibodies. consistent with immunogenic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Vu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Haynes BF, Moody MA, Heinley CS, Korber B, Millard WA, Scearce RM. HIV type 1 V3 region primer-induced antibody suppression is overcome by administration of C4-V3 peptides as a polyvalent immunogen. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1995; 11:211-21. [PMID: 7742036 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1995.11.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The extreme variability of HIV-1 immunogenic regions has hampered attempts to design immunogens capable of inducing broadly reactive neutralizing anti-HIV antibody responses. We have begun to study the immune responses generated to a polyvalent mixture of HIV envelope gp120 synthetic peptides, and to determine the ability of each component of a polyvalent immunogen to prime and boost immune responses to each immunogen component. A major concern regarding the use of a polyvalent mixture of HIV-1 immunogens is that the phenomenon of "original antigenic sin," or HIV-1 primer-induced suppression of antibody responses to a subsequent boost by a second HIV-1 variant, may occur and prevent effective anti-HIV immune responses. Using a prototypic four-valent HIV peptide envelope immunogen in BALB/c mice, we observed two types of primer-induced antibody suppression: "original antigenic sin" with primer-induced suppression of antibody responses to only the boosting immunogen, and a second, novel form of primer-induced antibody suppression, with inhibition of antibody responses not only to the priming immunogen but also to all other immunogens in the polyvalent immunogen mixture as well. Importantly, either reversing the sequence of administration of the immunogens or administration of all four components as a polyvalent mixture completely overcame both forms of HIV-1 primer-induced antibody suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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de Lorimier R, Moody MA, Haynes BF, Spicer LD. NMR-derived solution conformations of a hybrid synthetic peptide containing multiple epitopes of envelope protein gp120 from the RF strain of human immunodeficiency virus. Biochemistry 1994; 33:2055-62. [PMID: 7509632 DOI: 10.1021/bi00174a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Solution conformations of a 40-residue hybrid peptide containing T-helper epitopes and B-cell determinants from envelope glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been investigated with NMR. Peptides of this general design are highly immunogenic and induce HIV-neutralizing antibodies and T-lymphocyte responses. The 16-residue N-terminal segment of the peptide contains a T-helper epitope, while the 24-residue C-terminal segment is derived from the V3 loop of HIV strain RF and contains epitopes that elicit neutralizing antibodies as well as T-cell responses. On the basis of 2D proton NMR spectra (COSY, TOCSY, and NOESY) of the peptide in aqueous solution, the resonances of nearly all hydrogens are assigned. The peptide is largely disordered, but specific medium-range NOEs demonstrate conformational preferences in certain regions. Part of the N-terminal segment exhibits nascent helical conformation, consistent with a finding that many T-cell antigens can be modeled as amphipathic helices. In the V3-derived segment of the peptide, one region shows evidence of a tight turn conformation, corresponding to a turn found previously in V3 peptides of HIV strains MN and IIIB. Other conformational features are also detected in the V3 region, such as a stretch of beta strand and a kink that may arise from side-chain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de Lorimier
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Liao HX, Levesque MC, Patton K, Bergamo B, Jones D, Moody MA, Telen MJ, Haynes BF. Regulation of human CD44H and CD44E isoform binding to hyaluronan by phorbol myristate acetate and anti-CD44 monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. J Immunol 1993; 151:6490-9. [PMID: 7504022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD44 molecules are comprised of multiple alternatively spliced forms and are associated with diverse functions such as mediation of carcinoma metastasis and T cell coactivation. To study the function of individual CD44 isoforms, we have transfected CD44 isoforms into CD44-negative Jurkat T cells and produced cloned Jurkat cell lines that are stably transfected with either a CD44 isoform containing no alternatively spliced insert (CD44H) or a CD44 variant (CD44E) containing an insert of 132 amino acids derived from exons 12, 13, and 14 of the CD44 gene. We found that neither CD44H- nor CD44E-transfected Jurkat T cells constitutively bound hyaluronan (HA), whereas PMA treatment induced Jurkat cells transfected with CD44H but not CD44E to bind HA. CD44 mAb against noninsert regions of the CD44 extracellular domain (A3D8, A1G3) and polyclonal antisera against the COOH-terminal extracellular glycosaminoglycan region of CD44H (anti-6A serum) both induced CD44H-transfected cells to bind HA, whereas only one CD44 mAb (A1G3) induced CD44E-transfected Jurkat T cells to bind HA. Studies of Jurkat cells transfected with CD44H forms with truncations of the CD44 cytoplasmic domain demonstrated that the cytoplasmic COOH-terminal 52 amino acids were critical for binding of HA to the CD44 extracellular domain. Thus, these data underscore the importance of the CD44 cytoplasmic domain in the function of the extracellular portion of CD44H, and demonstrate a role for ligation of human CD44 isoforms at multiple distinct sites in regulation of expression of CD44 binding to HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Liao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Liao HX, Levesque MC, Patton K, Bergamo B, Jones D, Moody MA, Telen MJ, Haynes BF. Regulation of human CD44H and CD44E isoform binding to hyaluronan by phorbol myristate acetate and anti-CD44 monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.11.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD44 molecules are comprised of multiple alternatively spliced forms and are associated with diverse functions such as mediation of carcinoma metastasis and T cell coactivation. To study the function of individual CD44 isoforms, we have transfected CD44 isoforms into CD44-negative Jurkat T cells and produced cloned Jurkat cell lines that are stably transfected with either a CD44 isoform containing no alternatively spliced insert (CD44H) or a CD44 variant (CD44E) containing an insert of 132 amino acids derived from exons 12, 13, and 14 of the CD44 gene. We found that neither CD44H- nor CD44E-transfected Jurkat T cells constitutively bound hyaluronan (HA), whereas PMA treatment induced Jurkat cells transfected with CD44H but not CD44E to bind HA. CD44 mAb against noninsert regions of the CD44 extracellular domain (A3D8, A1G3) and polyclonal antisera against the COOH-terminal extracellular glycosaminoglycan region of CD44H (anti-6A serum) both induced CD44H-transfected cells to bind HA, whereas only one CD44 mAb (A1G3) induced CD44E-transfected Jurkat T cells to bind HA. Studies of Jurkat cells transfected with CD44H forms with truncations of the CD44 cytoplasmic domain demonstrated that the cytoplasmic COOH-terminal 52 amino acids were critical for binding of HA to the CD44 extracellular domain. Thus, these data underscore the importance of the CD44 cytoplasmic domain in the function of the extracellular portion of CD44H, and demonstrate a role for ligation of human CD44 isoforms at multiple distinct sites in regulation of expression of CD44 binding to HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Liao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - M C Levesque
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - K Patton
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - B Bergamo
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - D Jones
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - M A Moody
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - M J Telen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - B F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Haynes BF, Torres JV, Langlois AJ, Bolognesi DP, Gardner MB, Palker TJ, Scearce RM, Jones DM, Moody MA, McDanal C. Induction of HIVMN neutralizing antibodies in primates using a prime-boost regimen of hybrid synthetic gp120 envelope peptides. J Immunol 1993; 151:1646-53. [PMID: 8335949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have tested synthetic peptides composed of Th (T1) and V3 loop B cell neutralizing determinants [SP10 MN(A)] of HIVMN gp120 and the fusogenic (F) domain of gp41 as immunogens in rhesus monkeys. After two immunizations with either HIV env peptide T1-SP10 MN(A) or F-T1-SP10 MN(A), rhesus monkey serum neutralization titers against the HIVMN isolate ranged from 1:160 to 1:1400, and in cell-cell syncytium inhibition assay ranged from 1:20 to 1:80. However, in contrast to animals immunized with T1-SP10 MN(A), animals immunized twice with F-T1-SP10 MN(A) had no rise in anti-gp120 and neutralizing antibodies with an additional immunization with F-T1-SP10 MN(A) peptide. One of 4 rhesus monkeys (18987) had anti-HIVMN antibodies that cross-neutralized divergent HIV isolates HIVIIIB and HIVRF. Serum from animal 18987 neutralized 5 of 10 HIV isolates tested, and neutralizing activity against HIVIIIB of 18987 serum was absorbed with the conserved gp120 loop V3 sequence IGPGRAF. Anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies were boosted after a 6-mo rest by 500 micrograms of T1-SP10 MN(A) in 4 of 4 animals previously immunized with T1-SP10 MN(A) and in 2 of 2 animals previously immunized with F-T1-SP10 MN(A). However, immunization after 6-mo rest of animal 18987 with 500 micrograms of T1-SP10 MN(A) peptide, although boosting anti-HIVMN neutralizing antibodies, selectively did not boost cross-neutralizing anti-HIVIIIB antibodies. Thus, synthetic peptides containing T and B cell epitopes of HIV gp120 can induce high levels of anti-HIVMN neutralizing antibodies in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
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25
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Haynes BF, Torres JV, Langlois AJ, Bolognesi DP, Gardner MB, Palker TJ, Scearce RM, Jones DM, Moody MA, McDanal C. Induction of HIVMN neutralizing antibodies in primates using a prime-boost regimen of hybrid synthetic gp120 envelope peptides. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.3.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have tested synthetic peptides composed of Th (T1) and V3 loop B cell neutralizing determinants [SP10 MN(A)] of HIVMN gp120 and the fusogenic (F) domain of gp41 as immunogens in rhesus monkeys. After two immunizations with either HIV env peptide T1-SP10 MN(A) or F-T1-SP10 MN(A), rhesus monkey serum neutralization titers against the HIVMN isolate ranged from 1:160 to 1:1400, and in cell-cell syncytium inhibition assay ranged from 1:20 to 1:80. However, in contrast to animals immunized with T1-SP10 MN(A), animals immunized twice with F-T1-SP10 MN(A) had no rise in anti-gp120 and neutralizing antibodies with an additional immunization with F-T1-SP10 MN(A) peptide. One of 4 rhesus monkeys (18987) had anti-HIVMN antibodies that cross-neutralized divergent HIV isolates HIVIIIB and HIVRF. Serum from animal 18987 neutralized 5 of 10 HIV isolates tested, and neutralizing activity against HIVIIIB of 18987 serum was absorbed with the conserved gp120 loop V3 sequence IGPGRAF. Anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies were boosted after a 6-mo rest by 500 micrograms of T1-SP10 MN(A) in 4 of 4 animals previously immunized with T1-SP10 MN(A) and in 2 of 2 animals previously immunized with F-T1-SP10 MN(A). However, immunization after 6-mo rest of animal 18987 with 500 micrograms of T1-SP10 MN(A) peptide, although boosting anti-HIVMN neutralizing antibodies, selectively did not boost cross-neutralizing anti-HIVIIIB antibodies. Thus, synthetic peptides containing T and B cell epitopes of HIV gp120 can induce high levels of anti-HIVMN neutralizing antibodies in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - J V Torres
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - A J Langlois
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - D P Bolognesi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - M B Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - T J Palker
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - R M Scearce
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - D M Jones
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - M A Moody
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
| | - C McDanal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Arthritis Center, Durham, NC
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Joshi JH, Newman KA, Brown BW, Finley RS, Ruxer RL, Moody MA, Schimpff SC. Double beta-lactam regimen compared to an aminoglycoside/beta-lactam regimen as empiric antibiotic therapy for febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 1993; 1:186-94. [PMID: 8193880 DOI: 10.1007/bf00366445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In a prospective, randomized trial, 205 febrile episodes in granulocytopenic cancer patients were treated with ceftazidime with or without tobramycin (C +/- T), both agents being administered only if the initial granulocyte count was below 200/microliters, or ceftazidime plus piperacillin (C + P). The overall response rate was 71% (39 of 60 for C +/- T and 45 of 58 for C + P). Logistic regression analyses documented no evidence of a significant difference between the two regimens in overall treatment effect after accounting for the linear effects of potentially important variables, such as infection type and granulocyte count. Although the response rates for the subgroup of patients with bacteremias was better with the C + P regimen (P = 0.06), there was no difference in response for patients with bacteremia and profound (< 100/microliters) sustained granulocytopenia. The double beta-lactam combination demonstrated in vitro synergism in 73%; antagonism was not seen. Both regimens produced excellent serum bactericidal levels (C +/- T geometric mean peak 1:170; C + P peak 1:137) against gram-negative but not gram-positive pathogens (1:4; 1:7 respectively) that had caused bacteremia. Emergence of resistance and significant coagulopathy and/or bleeding did not occur during therapy. Antibiotic-related nephrotoxicity was noted in 7 of 95 trials in the C + P and in 6 of 89 trials in the C +/- T group (P = 0.19). The incidence of secondary infections in patients with profound (< 100/microliters) sustained granulocytopenia was lower in the C +/- T group (P = 0.04). Alimentary canal anaerobic flora preservation with C +/- T, and suppression with C + P, was demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Joshi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Genter St Clair MB, Amarnath V, Moody MA, Anthony DC, Anderson CW, Graham DG. Pyrrole oxidation and protein cross-linking as necessary steps in the development of gamma-diketone neuropathy. Chem Res Toxicol 1988; 1:179-85. [PMID: 2979729 DOI: 10.1021/tx00003a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been well documented that the gamma-diketone HD1 is the ultimate toxic metabolite of n-hexane. Furthermore, it has been shown that the pathogenetic mechanism by which HD exerts its neurotoxic effects is through binding to protein lysly residues and cyclization to pyrroles. The present study sought to determine whether the presence of pyrrole residues on NF1 proteins is sufficient to cause the NF-filled axonal swellings associated with n-hexane and other gamma-diketone neuropathies or whether pyrrole oxidation and protein cross-linking also have to occur in order for neurotoxicity to develop. We synthesized the HD analogue AcHD1 and assessed its rate of pyrrole formation in vitro, the ease of oxidation of its resulting pyrroles, and its ability to cross-link proteins in vitro. The in vivo effects of AcHD on rats were examined following daily ip1 injections. AcHD was found to have a rate of pyrrole formation comparable to that of the potent HD analogue DMHD1 at 35 degrees C. The pyrrole derived from AcHD was more resistant to oxidation than that derived from the neurotoxic compound HD. AcHD did not cross-link proteins in vitro. Pyrrole derivatives were demonstrated on hemoglobin isolated from animals treated with HD, DMHD, and AcHD. Cross-linked spectrin was detected in animals treated with HD and DMHD but not with AcHD. Rats receiving 0.1 or 0.25 mmol of AcHD/kg/day did not reach the end point of hindlimb paralysis observed in the gamma-diketone neuropathies, and the NF-filled axonal swellings seen following exposure to the neurotoxic gamma-diketones were not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Genter St Clair
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Abstract
Paranasal sinusitis occurred in 52 immunosuppressed cancer patients treated over 5 years at the University of Maryland Cancer Center. Twenty-one patients had aspergillus sinusitis; Aspergillus sp, including flavus and niger were directly recovered from sinus in 19 of the 21 infections. Two other patients with sinus involvement and positive nose cultures for Aspergillus flavus or fumigatus and microbiologically documented pulmonary aspergillosis were considered clinically, although not microbiologically, documented. Predisposing factors for aspergillus sinusitis during the 60 days prior to infection diagnosis were granulocyte count less than 500 microliter (mean duration, 42 days versus 14 days for sinusitis of other etiology; P less than 0.001), prolonged hospitalization (mean duration, 22 days versus 14 days for patients with nonfungal sinusitis; P less than 0.001), and prolonged antibiotic therapy (mean duration, 22 days versus 9 days; P less than 0.001). Treatment with amphotericin B was initially successful for 18 of 21 patients; however, 11 of 18 patients had infection recurrence that always developed at time of tumor exacerbation and reinstitution or intensification of chemotherapy. These findings suggest that aspergillus sinusitis in cancer patients is seen in association with prolonged neutropenia and antibiotic therapy, is amenable to therapy, but tends to recur with relapse of malignancy.
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