Sandoval MN, Mikhail JL, Fink MK, Tortolero GA, Cao T, Ramphul R, Husain J, Boerwinkle E. Social determinants of health predict readmission following COVID-19 hospitalization: a health information exchange-based retrospective cohort study.
Front Public Health 2024;
12:1352240. [PMID:
38601493 PMCID:
PMC11004289 DOI:
10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352240]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Since February 2020, over 104 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or COVID-19, with over 8.5 million reported in the state of Texas. This study analyzed social determinants of health as predictors for readmission among COVID-19 patients in Southeast Texas, United States.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted investigating demographic and clinical risk factors for 30, 60, and 90-day readmission outcomes among adult patients with a COVID-19-associated inpatient hospitalization encounter within a regional health information exchange between February 1, 2020, to December 1, 2022.
Results and discussion
In this cohort of 91,007 adult patients with a COVID-19-associated hospitalization, over 21% were readmitted to the hospital within 90 days (n = 19,679), and 13% were readmitted within 30 days (n = 11,912). In logistic regression analyses, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian patients were less likely to be readmitted within 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7-0.9, and aOR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8-0.8), while non-Hispanic Black patients were more likely to be readmitted (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.1, p = 0.002), compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Area deprivation index displayed a clear dose-response relationship to readmission: patients living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods were more likely to be readmitted within 30 (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.2), 60 (aOR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.2-1.2), and 90 days (aOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.2), compared to patients from the least disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our findings demonstrate the lasting impact of COVID-19, especially among members of marginalized communities, and the increasing burden of COVID-19 morbidity on the healthcare system.
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