1
|
Tollefson S, Stoughton C, Himes ML, McKinney KE, Mason S, Ciccocioppo R, Narendran R. Imaging Nociceptin Opioid Peptide Receptors in Alcohol Use Disorder With [ 11C]NOP-1A and Positron Emission Tomography: Findings From a Second Cohort. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:416-423. [PMID: 36906499 PMCID: PMC10319913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nociceptin, which binds to the nociceptin opioid peptide receptor (NOP), regulates stress and reward in addiction. In a previous [11C]NOP-1A positron emission tomography (PET) study, we found no differences in NOP in non-treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) relative to healthy control subjects Here, we evaluated NOP in treatment-seeking individuals with AUD to document its relationship with relapse to alcohol. METHODS [11C]NOP-1A distribution volume (VT) was measured in recently abstinent individuals with AUD and healthy control subjects (n = 27/group) using an arterial input function-based kinetic analysis in brain regions that regulate reward and stress behaviors. Recent heavy drinking before PET was quantified using hair ethyl glucuronide (≥30 pg/mg was defined as heavy drinking). To document relapse, 22 subjects with AUD were followed with urine ethyl glucoronide tests (3/week) for 12 weeks after PET, where they were incentivized with money to abstain. RESULTS There were no differences in [11C]NOP-1A VT between individuals with AUD and healthy control subjects. Individuals with AUD who drank heavily before the study had significantly lower VT than those with no recent heavy drinking history. Significant negative correlations between VT and the number of drinking days and the number of drinks consumed per drinking day in the 30 days before enrollment were also present. Individuals with AUD who relapsed (and dropped out) had significantly lower VT than those who abstained for 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Lower NOP VT in heavy drinking AUD predicted relapse to alcohol during a 12-week follow-up period. The results of this PET study support the need to investigate medications that act at NOP to prevent relapse in individuals with AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Clara Stoughton
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaylynn E McKinney
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tollefson S, Himes ML, Kozinski KM, Lopresti BJ, Mason NS, Hibbeln J, Muldoon MF, Narendran R. Imaging the Influence of Red Blood Cell Docosahexaenoic Acid Status on the Expression of the 18 kDa Translocator Protein in the Brain: A [ 11C]PBR28 Positron Emission Tomography Study in Young Healthy Men. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022; 7:998-1006. [PMID: 34607054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) shows anti-inflammatory/proresolution effects in the brain. Higher red blood cell (RBC) DHA in humans is associated with improved cognitive performance and a lower risk for suicide. Here, we hypothesized that binding to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a proxy for microglia levels, will be higher in individuals with low DHA relative to high DHA levels. We also postulated that higher TSPO would predict poor cognitive performance and impaired stress resilience. METHODS RBC DHA screening was performed in 320 healthy males. [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography was used to measure binding to TSPO in 38 and 32 males in the lowest and highest RBC DHA quartiles. Volumes of distribution expressed relative to total plasma ligand concentration (VT) was derived using an arterial input function-based kinetic analysis in 14 brain regions. RESULTS [11C]PBR28 VT was significantly lower (by 12% and 20% in C/T and C/C rs6971 genotypes) in males with low RBC DHA than in males with high RBC DHA. Regional VT was correlated positively and negatively with RBC DHA and serum triglycerides, respectively. No relationships between VT and cognitive performance or stress resilience measures were present. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, we found lower TSPO binding in low-DHA than in high-DHA subjects. It is unclear as to whether low TSPO binding reflects differences in microglia levels and/or triglyceride metabolism in this study. Future studies with specific targets are necessary to confirm the effect of DHA on microglia. These results underscore the need to consider lipid parameters as a factor when interpreting TSPO positron emission tomography clinical findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn M Kozinski
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - N Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Hibbeln
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew F Muldoon
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Flanigan MR, Royse SK, Cenkner DP, Kozinski KM, Stoughton CJ, Himes ML, Minhas DS, Lopresti B, Butters MA, Narendran R. Imaging beta-amyloid (Aβ) burden in the brains of middle-aged individuals with alcohol-use disorders: a [ 11C]PIB PET study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:257. [PMID: 33934110 PMCID: PMC8088438 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
No in vivo human studies have examined the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in individuals with alcohol-use disorder (AUD), although recent research suggests that a relationship between the two exists. Therefore, this study used Pittsburgh Compound-B ([11C]PiB) PET imaging to test the hypothesis that AUD is associated with greater brain amyloid (Aβ) burden in middle-aged adults compared to healthy controls. Twenty healthy participants (14M and 6F) and 19 individuals with AUD (15M and 4F), all aged 40-65 years, underwent clinical assessment, MRI, neurocognitive testing, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Global [11C]PiB standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs), cortical thickness, gray matter volumes (GMVs), and neurocognitive function in subjects with AUD were compared to healthy controls. These measures were selected because they are considered markers of risk for future AD and other types of neurocognitive dysfunction. The results of this study showed no significant differences in % global Aβ positivity or subthreshold Aβ loads between AUD and controls. However, relative to controls, we observed a significant 6.1% lower cortical thickness in both AD-signature regions and in regions not typically associated with AD, lower GMV in the hippocampus, and lower performance on tests of attention as well as immediate and delayed memory in individuals with AUD. This suggest that Aβ accumulation is not greater in middle-aged individuals with AUD. However, other markers of neurodegeneration, such as impaired memory, cortical thinning, and reduced hippocampal GMV, are present. Further studies are needed to elucidate the patterns and temporal staging of AUD-related pathophysiology and cognitive impairment. Imaging β-amyloid in middle age alcoholics as a mechanism that increases their risk for Alzheimer's disease; Registration Number: NCT03746366 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R. Flanigan
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Sarah K. Royse
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - David P. Cenkner
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Katelyn M. Kozinski
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Clara J. Stoughton
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Michael L. Himes
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Davneet S. Minhas
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Brian Lopresti
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Meryl A. Butters
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Narendran R, Mason NS, Himes ML, Frankle WG. Imaging Cortical Dopamine Transmission in Cocaine Dependence: A [ 11C]FLB 457-Amphetamine Positron Emission Tomography Study. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:788-796. [PMID: 32507390 PMCID: PMC7554061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography studies have demonstrated less dopamine D2/3 receptor availability and blunted psychostimulant-induced dopamine release in cocaine-dependent subjects (CDSs). No studies in CDSs have reported the in vivo status of D2/3 and dopamine release in the cortex. Basic and functional imaging studies suggest a role for prefrontal cortical dopaminergic abnormalities in impaired executive function and relapse in cocaine dependence. We used [11C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography and amphetamine to measure cortical D2/3 receptors and dopamine release in CDSs. METHODS [11C]FLB 457 and positron emission tomography were used to measure D2/3 receptor binding potential in cortical regions of interest in recently abstinent CDSs (n = 24) and healthy control subjects (n = 36) both before and after 0.5 mg kg-1 of oral d-amphetamine. Binding potential relative to nondisplaceable uptake (BPND) and binding potential relative to total plasma concentration (BPP) were derived using an arterial input function-based kinetic analysis. Cortical dopamine release in regions of interest was measured as the change in BPND and BPP after amphetamine. RESULTS Baseline D2/3 receptor availability (BPP and BPND) and amphetamine-induced dopamine release (ΔBPND and ΔBPP) were significantly lower in the cortical regions in CDSs compared with healthy control subjects. Fewer D2/3 receptors and less dopamine release in CDSs were not associated with performance on working memory and attention tasks. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that deficits in dopamine D2/3 transmission involve the cortex in cocaine dependence. Further studies to understand the clinical relevance of these findings are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Michael L. Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Flanigan M, Tollefson S, Himes ML, Jordan R, Roach K, Stoughton C, Lopresti B, Mason NS, Ciccocioppo R, Narendran R. Acute Elevations in Cortisol Increase the In Vivo Binding of [ 11C]NOP-1A to Nociceptin Receptors: A Novel Imaging Paradigm to Study the Interaction Between Stress- and Antistress-Regulating Neuropeptides. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:570-576. [PMID: 31706582 PMCID: PMC7035995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance between neuropeptides that promote stress and resilience, such as corticotropin-releasing factor and nociceptin, has been postulated to underlie relapse in addiction. The objective of this study was to develop a paradigm to image the in vivo interaction between stress-promoting neuropeptides and nociceptin (NOP) receptors in humans. METHODS [11C]NOP-1A positron emission tomography was used to measure the binding to NOP receptors at baseline (BASE) and following an intravenous hydrocortisone challenge (CORT) in 19 healthy control subjects. Hydrocortisone was used as a challenge because in microdialysis studies it has been shown to increase corticotropin-releasing factor release in extrahypothalamic brain regions such as the amygdala. [11C]NOP-1A total distribution volume (VT) in 11 regions of interest were measured using a 2-tissue compartment kinetic analysis. The primary outcome measure was hydrocortisone-induced ΔVT calculated as (VT CORT - VT BASE)/VT BASE. RESULTS Hydrocortisone led to an acute increase in plasma cortisol levels. Regional [11C]NOP-1A VT was on average 11% to 16% higher in the post-hydrocortisone condition compared with the baseline condition (linear mixed model, condition, p = .005; region, p < .001; condition × region, p < .001). Independent Student's t tests in all regions of interest were statistically significant and survived multiple comparison correction. Hydrocortisone-induced ΔVT was significantly negatively correlated with baseline VT in several regions of interest. CONCLUSIONS Hydrocortisone administration increases NOP receptor availability. Increased NOP in response to elevated cortisol might suggest a compensatory mechanism in the brain to counteract corticotropin-releasing factor and/or stress. The [11C]NOP-1A and hydrocortisone imaging paradigm should allow for the examination of interactions between stress-promoting neuropeptides and NOP in addictive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael L Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rehima Jordan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine Roach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Clara Stoughton
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - N Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Narendran R, Tollefson S, Fasenmyer K, Paris J, Himes ML, Lopresti B, Ciccocioppo R, Mason NS. Decreased Nociceptin Receptors Are Related to Resilience and Recovery in College Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Violence: Therapeutic Implications for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:1056-1064. [PMID: 30954231 PMCID: PMC7035950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress disorder that develops in only some individuals following a traumatic event. Data suggest that a substantial fraction of women recover after sexual violence. Thus, the investigation of stress and antistress neuropeptides in this sample has the potential to inform the neurochemistry of resilience following trauma. Nociceptin is an antistress neuropeptide in the brain that promotes resilience in animal models of PTSD. METHODS [11C]NOP-1A positron emission tomography was used to measure the in vivo binding to nociceptin receptors in 18 college women who had experienced sexual violence irrespective of whether they met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD. [11C]NOP-1A data from 18 healthy control subjects were also included to provide a contrast with the sexual violence group. [11C]NOP-1A total distribution volume (VT) in the regions of interest were measured with kinetic analysis using the arterial input function. The relationships between regional VT and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 total symptom and subscale severity were examined using correlational analyses. RESULTS No differences in [11C]NOP-1A VT were noted between the sexual violence and control groups. VT in the midbrain and cerebellum were positively correlated with PTSD total symptom severity in the past month before positron emission tomography. Intrusion/re-experiencing and avoidance subscale symptoms drove this relationship. Stratification of subjects by a DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis and contrasting their VT with that in control subjects showed no group differences. CONCLUSIONS Decreased midbrain and cerebellum nociceptin receptors are associated with less severe PTSD symptoms. Medications that target nociceptin should be explored to prevent and treat PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Kelli Fasenmyer
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jennifer Paris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael L. Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Brian Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - N. Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Narendran R, Tollefson S, Himes ML, Paris J, Lopresti B, Ciccocioppo R, Mason NS. Nociceptin Receptors Upregulated in Cocaine Use Disorder: A Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study Using [ 11C]NOP-1A. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:468-476. [PMID: 31055968 PMCID: PMC7039303 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18081007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is an antistress neuropeptide transmitter in the brain that counteracts corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-mediated stress and anxiety symptoms during drug and alcohol withdrawal. It also inhibits the release of a wide array of neurotransmitters, including dopamine and glutamate, which allows for it to block the rewarding properties of cocaine. Chronic cocaine administration in rodents has been shown to decrease N/OFQ and increase nociceptive opioid peptide (NOP) receptors in the nucleus accumbens. No previous studies have reported on the in vivo status of NOP in chronic cocaine-abusing humans. METHODS [11C]NOP-1A and positron emission tomography (PET) were used to measure in vivo NOP binding in 24 individuals with cocaine use disorder and 26 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and smoking status. Participants with cocaine use disorder with no comorbid psychiatric or medical disorders were scanned after 2 weeks of outpatient-monitored abstinence. [11C]NOP-1A distribution volume (VT) was measured with kinetic analysis using the arterial input function in brain regions that mediate reward and stress behaviors. Participants with cocaine use disorder were followed up for 12 weeks after PET scanning to document relapse and relate it to VT. RESULTS A significant increase in [11C]NOP-1A VT was observed in the cocaine use disorder group compared with the healthy control group. This increase, which was generalized across all regions of interest (approximately 10%), was most prominent in the midbrain, ventral striatum, and cerebellum. However, increased VT in these regions did not predict relapse. CONCLUSIONS Increased NOP in cocaine use disorder suggests an adaptive response to decreased N/OFQ, or increased CRF transmission, or both. Future studies should examine the interactions between CRF and NOP to elucidate their role in negative reinforcement and relapse. NOP agonist medications to enhance N/OFQ should be explored as a therapeutic to treat cocaine use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narendran
- The Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Narendran, Tollefson, Himes, Paris, Lopresti, Mason); and the School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (Ciccocioppo)
| | - Savannah Tollefson
- The Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Narendran, Tollefson, Himes, Paris, Lopresti, Mason); and the School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (Ciccocioppo)
| | - Michael L Himes
- The Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Narendran, Tollefson, Himes, Paris, Lopresti, Mason); and the School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (Ciccocioppo)
| | - Jennifer Paris
- The Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Narendran, Tollefson, Himes, Paris, Lopresti, Mason); and the School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (Ciccocioppo)
| | - Brian Lopresti
- The Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Narendran, Tollefson, Himes, Paris, Lopresti, Mason); and the School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (Ciccocioppo)
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- The Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Narendran, Tollefson, Himes, Paris, Lopresti, Mason); and the School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (Ciccocioppo)
| | - N Scott Mason
- The Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (Narendran, Tollefson, Himes, Paris, Lopresti, Mason); and the School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy (Ciccocioppo)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Narendran R, Ciccocioppo R, Lopresti B, Paris J, Himes ML, Mason NS. Nociceptin Receptors in Alcohol Use Disorders: A Positron Emission Tomography Study Using [ 11C]NOP-1A. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:708-714. [PMID: 28711193 PMCID: PMC5711613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropeptide transmitter nociceptin, which binds to the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor, is a core component of the brain's antistress system. Nociceptin exerts its antistress effect by counteracting the functions of corticotropin-releasing factor, the primary stress-mediating neuropeptide in the brain. Basic investigations support a role for medications that target nociceptin receptors in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Thus, it is of high interest to measure the in vivo status of NOP receptors in individuals with alcohol use disorders. METHODS Here, we used [11C]NOP-1A and positron emission tomography to measure the in vivo binding to NOP receptors in 15 alcohol-dependent humans as identified by DSM-IV and 15 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and smoking status. Alcohol-dependent individuals with no comorbid psychiatric, medical, or drug abuse disorders were scanned following 2 weeks of outpatient monitored abstinence (confirmed with three times per week urine alcohol metabolite testing). [11C]NOP-1A distribution volume in regions of interest (including the amygdala, hippocampus, and midbrain, striatal, and prefrontal cortical subdivisions) was measured with kinetic analysis using the arterial input function. RESULTS Regional [11C]NOP-1A distribution volume in alcohol dependence was not significantly different compared with healthy control subjects. No relationship between [11C]NOP-1A distribution volume and other clinical measures (including duration and severity of alcohol abuse, craving, and anxiety or depressive symptoms) were significant after correction for the multiple hypotheses tested. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study do not support alterations in the binding to NOP receptors in alcohol dependence. However, this finding does not necessarily rule out alterations in nociceptin transmission in alcohol dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Brian Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Paris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - N Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tollefson S, Gertler J, Himes ML, Paris J, Kendro S, Lopresti B, Scott Mason N, Narendran R. Imaging phosphodiesterase-10a availability in cocaine use disorder with [ 11 C]IMA107 and PET. Synapse 2018; 73:e22070. [PMID: 30240027 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-10a (PDE10a) is located exclusively in medium spiny neurons (MSN). Rodent studies show an increase in striatal MSN spine density following exposure to cocaine. These increases in MSN spine density are suggested to underlie neurobiological changes which contribute to cocaine self-administration. No postmortem or imaging studies have confirmed this finding in humans. Here, we hypothesized an increase in the MSN marker PDE10a in subjects with cocaine use disorder ("cocaine users") compared to controls. PDE10a availability was measured with [11 C]IMA107 and positron emission tomography in 15 cocaine users and 15 controls matched for age, gender, and nicotine status. Cocaine users with no comorbid psychiatric, medical, or drug abuse disorders were scanned following two weeks of outpatient-monitored abstinence. [11 C]IMA107 binding potential relative to nondisplaceable uptake (BPND ) in the regions of interest was derived with the simplified reference tissue method. No significant effect of diagnosis on BPND was demonstrated using linear mixed modeling with [11 C]IMA107 BPND as the dependent variable and regions of interest as a repeated measure. There were no significant relationships between BPND and clinical rating scales. To the extent that PDE10a is a valid proxy for MSN spine density, these results do not support its increase in recently abstinent cocaine users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua Gertler
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Paris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steve Kendro
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - N Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gertler J, Tollefson S, Jordan R, Himes ML, Mason NS, Frankle WG, Narendran R. Failure to detect amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the cortex with [ 11 C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography (PET): Methodological considerations. Synapse 2018; 72:e22037. [PMID: 29876970 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies in nonhuman primates and humans have demonstrated that amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the cortex can be measured with [11 C]FLB 457 and PET imaging. This technique has been successfully used in recent clinical studies to show decreased dopamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. Here, we present data from a cohort of twelve healthy controls in whom an oral amphetamine challenge (0.5 mg kg-1 ) did not lead to a significant reduction in [11 C]FLB 457 BPND (i.e., binding potential relative to non-displaceable uptake). Two factors that likely contributed to the inability to displace [11 C]FLB 457 BPND in this cohort relative to successful cohorts are: (a) the acquisition of the baseline and post-amphetamine scans on different days as opposed to the same day and (b) the initiation of the post-amphetamine [11 C]FLB 457 scan at ∼5 hours as opposed to ∼3 hours following oral amphetamine. Furthermore, we show [11 C]FLB 457 reproducibility data from a legacy dataset to support greater variability in cortical BPND when the test and retest scans are acquired on different days as compared to the same day. These results highlight the methodological challenges that continue to plague the field with respect to imaging dopamine release in the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Gertler
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Savannah Tollefson
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rehima Jordan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L Himes
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - N Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W Gordon Frankle
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frankle WG, Robertson B, Maier G, Paris J, Asmonga D, May M, Himes ML, Mason NS, Mathis CA, Narendran R. An open-label positron emission tomography study to evaluate serotonin transporter occupancy following escalating dosing regimens of (R
)-(-)-O
-desmethylvenlafaxine and racemic O
-desmethylvenlafaxine. Synapse 2017; 72. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Gordon Frankle
- Department of Psychiatry; NYU Langone Medical Center; New York New York
| | | | - Gary Maier
- MaierMetrics and Associates, LLC; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Paris
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Deanna Asmonga
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Maureen May
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Michael L. Himes
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - N. Scott Mason
- Department of Radiology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Chester A. Mathis
- Department of Radiology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Frankle WG, Narendran R, Wood AT, Suto F, Himes ML, Kobayashi M, Ohno T, Yamauchi A, Mitsui K, Duffy K, Bruce M. Brain translocator protein occupancy by ONO-2952 in healthy adults: A Phase 1 PET study using [11C]PBR28. Synapse 2017; 71. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Gordon Frankle
- Department of Psychiatry; NYU Langone Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Michael L. Himes
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Bruce
- Ono Pharma UK Ltd; London United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Narendran R, Tumuluru D, May MA, Chowdari KV, Himes ML, Fasenmyer K, Frankle WG, Nimgaonkar VL. Cortical Dopamine Transmission as Measured with the [11C]FLB 457 - Amphetamine PET Imaging Paradigm Is Not Influenced by COMT Genotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157867. [PMID: 27322568 PMCID: PMC4913897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic investigations link a Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene to not only its enzymatic activity, but also to its dopaminergic tone in the prefrontal cortex. Previous PET studies have documented the relationship between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and D1 and D2/3 receptor binding potential (BP), and interpreted them in terms of dopaminergic tone. The use of baseline dopamine D1 and D2/3 receptor binding potential (BPND) as a proxy for dopaminergic tone is problematic because they reflect both endogenous dopamine levels (a change in radiotracer's apparent affinity) and receptor density. In this analysis of 31 healthy controls genotyped for the Val158Met polymorphism (Val/Val, Val/Met, and Met/Met), we used amphetamine-induced displacement of [11C]FLB 457 as a direct measure of dopamine release. Our analysis failed to show a relationship between COMT genotype status and prefrontal cortical dopamine release. COMT genotype was also not predictive of baseline dopamine D2/3 receptor BPND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Divya Tumuluru
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Maureen A. May
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Genetics Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Kodavali V. Chowdari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Himes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Kelli Fasenmyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - W. Gordon Frankle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| | - Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Frankle WG, Cho RY, Prasad KM, Mason NS, Paris J, Himes ML, Walker C, Lewis DA, Narendran R. In vivo measurement of GABA transmission in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients. Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172:1148-59. [PMID: 26133962 PMCID: PMC5070491 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postmortem studies in schizophrenia reveal alterations in gene products that regulate the release and extracellular persistence of GABA. However, results of in vivo studies of schizophrenia measuring total tissue GABA with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been inconsistent. Neither the postmortem nor the MRS studies directly address the physiological properties of GABA neurotransmission. The present study addresses this question through an innovative positron emission tomography (PET) paradigm. METHOD The binding of [(11)C]flumazenil, a benzodiazepine-specific PET radiotracer, was measured before and after administration of tiagabine (0.2 mg/kg of body weight), a GABA membrane transporter (GAT1) blocker, in 17 off-medication patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy comparison subjects. Increased extracellular GABA, through GAT1 blockade, enhances the affinity of GABAA receptors for benzodiazepine ligands, detected as an increase in [(11)C]flumazenil tissue distribution volume (VT). RESULTS [(11)C]Flumazenil VT was significantly increased across all cortical brain regions in the healthy comparison group but not in the schizophrenia group. This lack of effect was most prominent in the antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia group. In this subgroup, [(11)C]flumazenil ΔVT in the medial temporal lobe was correlated with positive symptoms, and baseline [(11)C]flumazenil VT in the medial temporal lobe was negatively correlated with visual learning. In the healthy comparison group but not the schizophrenia group, [(11)C]flumazenil ΔVT was positively associated with gamma-band oscillation power. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, an in vivo impairment in GABA transmission in schizophrenia, most prominent in antipsychotic-naive individuals. The impairment in GABA transmission appears to be linked to clinical symptoms, disturbances in cortical oscillations, and cognition.
Collapse
|
15
|
Narendran R, Jedema HP, Lopresti BJ, Mason NS, Himes ML, Bradberry CW. Decreased vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 availability in the striatum following chronic cocaine self-administration in nonhuman primates. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:488-92. [PMID: 25062684 PMCID: PMC4275417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent with postmortem data, in a recent positron emission tomography study, we demonstrated less [(11)C]-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([(11)C]DTBZ) binding to striatal vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) in cocaine abusers compared with control subjects. A major limitation of these between-group comparison human studies is their inability to establish a causal relationship between cocaine abuse and lower VMAT2. Furthermore, studies in rodents that evaluated VMAT2 binding before and after cocaine self-administration do not support a reduction in VMAT2. METHODS To clarify these discrepant VMAT2 findings and attribute VMAT2 reduction to cocaine abuse, we imaged four rhesus monkeys with [(11)C]DTBZ positron emission tomography before and after 16 months of cocaine self-administration. [(11)C]DTBZ binding potential in the striatum was derived using the simplified reference tissue method with the occipital cortex time activity curve as an input function. RESULTS Chronic cocaine self-administration led to a significant (25.8 ± 7.8%) reduction in [(11)C]DTBZ binding potential. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the cocaine rodent investigations that do not support alterations in VMAT2, these results in nonhuman primates clearly demonstrated a reduction in VMAT2 binding following prolonged exposure to cocaine. Lower VMAT2 implies that fewer dopamine storage vesicles are available in the presynaptic terminals for release, a likely factor contributing to decreased dopamine transmission in cocaine dependence. Future studies should attempt to clarify the clinical significance of lower VMAT2 in cocaine abusers, for example, its relationship to relapse and vulnerability to mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Hank P. Jedema
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Michael L. Himes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Basic studies have demonstrated that optimal levels of prefrontal cortical dopamine are critical to various executive functions such as working memory, attention, inhibitory control, and risk/reward decisions, all of which are impaired in addictive disorders such as alcoholism. Based on this and imaging studies of alcoholism that have demonstrated less dopamine in the striatum, the authors hypothesized decreased dopamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex in persons with alcohol dependence. METHOD To test this hypothesis, amphetamine and [11C]FLB 457 positron emission tomography were used to measure cortical dopamine transmission in 21 recently abstinent persons with alcohol dependence and 21 matched healthy comparison subjects. [11C]FLB 457 binding potential, specific compared to nondisplaceable uptake (BPND), was measured in subjects with kinetic analysis using the arterial input function both before and after 0.5 mg kg-1 of d-amphetamine. RESULTS Amphetamine-induced displacement of [11C]FLB 457 binding potential (ΔBPND) was significantly smaller in the cortical regions in the alcohol-dependent group compared with the healthy comparison group. Cortical regions that demonstrated lower dopamine transmission in the alcohol-dependent group included the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, orbital frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and medial temporal lobe. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study, for the first time, unambiguously demonstrate decreased dopamine transmission in the cortex in alcoholism. Further research is necessary to understand the clinical relevance of decreased cortical dopamine as to whether it is related to impaired executive function, relapse, and outcome in alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Jennifer Paris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael L. Himes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - W. Gordon Frankle
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Narendran R, Martinez D, Mason NS, Lopresti BJ, Himes ML, Chen CM, May MA, Price JC, Mathis CA, Frankle WG. Imaging of dopamine D2/3 agonist binding in cocaine dependence: a [11C]NPA positron emission tomography study. Synapse 2012; 65:1344-9. [PMID: 21780185 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positron emission tomography (PET) studies performed with [(11) C]raclopride have consistently reported lower binding to D(2/3) receptors and lower amphetamine-induced dopamine (DA) release in cocaine abusers relative to healthy controls. A limitation of these studies that were performed with D(2/3) antagonist radiotracers such as [(11) C]raclopride is the failure to provide information that is specific to D(2/3) receptors configured in a state of high affinity for the agonists (i.e., D(2/3) receptors coupled to G-proteins, D(2/3 HIGH) ). As the endogenous agonist DA binds with preference to D(2/3 HIGH) relative to D(2/3 LOW) receptors (i.e., D(2/3) receptors uncoupled to G-proteins) it is critical to understand the in vivo status of D(2/3 HIGH) receptors in cocaine dependence. Thus, we measured the available fraction of D(2/3) (HIGH) receptors in 10 recently abstinent cocaine abusers (CD) and matched healthy controls (HC) with the D(2/3) antagonist and agonist PET radiotracers [(11) C]raclopride and [(11) C]NPA. METHODS [(11) C]raclopride and [(11) C]NPA binding potential (BP) (BP(ND) ) in the striatum were measured with kinetic analysis using the arterial input function. The available fraction of D(2/3 HIGH) receptors, i.e., % R(HIGH) available = D(2/3 HIGH) /(D(2/3 HIGH) + D(2/3 LOW) ) was then computed as the ratio of [(11) C]NPA BP(ND) /[(11) C]raclopride BP(ND) . RESULTS No differences in striatal [(11) C]NPA BP(ND) (HC = 1.00 ± 0.17; CD = 0.97 ± 0.17, P = 0.67) or available % R(HIGH) (HC = 39% ± 5%; CD = 41% ± 5%, P = 0.50) was observed between cocaine abusers and matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The results of this [(11) C]NPA PET study do not support alterations in D(2/3 HIGH) binding in the striatum in cocaine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Narendran
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bailer UF, Narendran R, Frankle WG, Himes ML, Duvvuri V, Mathis CA, Kaye WH. Amphetamine induced dopamine release increases anxiety in individuals recovered from anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:263-71. [PMID: 21541980 PMCID: PMC3151352 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic, pharmacologic, and physiological data suggest that individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have altered striatal dopamine (DA) function. METHOD We used an amphetamine challenge and positron emission tomography [(11) C]raclopride paradigm to explore DA striatal transmission in 10 recovered (REC) AN compared with 9 control women (CW). RESULTS REC AN and CW were similar for baseline, postamphetamine [(11) C]raclopride binding potential (BP(ND) ) and change (Δ) in BP(ND) for all regions. In CW, ventral striatum Δ BP(ND) was associated with euphoria (r = -0.76; p = 0.03), which was not found for REC AN. Instead, REC AN showed a significant relationship between anxiety and Δ BP(ND) in the precommissural dorsal caudate (r = -0.62, p = 0.05). DISCUSSION REC AN have a positive association between endogenous DA release and anxiety in the dorsal caudate. This finding could explain why food-related DA release produces anxiety in AN, whereas feeding is pleasurable in healthy participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula F Bailer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Biological Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|