1
|
Tieu HV, Karuna S, Huang Y, Sobieszczyk ME, Zheng H, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Shen M, DeRosa S, Cohen K, Isaacs MB, Regenold S, Heptinstall J, Seaton KE, Sawant S, Furch B, Pensiero M, Corey L, Bar KJ. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant oligomeric gp145 subtype C Env protein (gp145 C.6980) HIV vaccine candidate in healthy, HIV-1-uninfected adult participants in the US. Vaccine 2023; 41:6309-6317. [PMID: 37679276 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An approach to a preventive HIV vaccine is induction of effective broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) and effector binding antibodies (bAbs). Preclinical studies suggest that trimeric envelope (Env) proteins may elicit nAbs, which led to the development of the recombinant gp145 subtype C Env protein (gp145 C.6980) immunogen. HVTN 122 was a Phase 1 trial that evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of gp145 C.6980 in adults. METHODS Healthy, HIV-1 seronegative adults received three intramuscular injections of gp145 C.6980 with aluminum hydroxide (alum) at months 0, 2, and 6 at either 300 mcg (high dose, n = 25) or 100 mcg (low dose, n = 15), or placebo/saline (placebo, n = 5). Participants were followed for 12 months. RESULTS Forty-five participants were enrolled. High and low doses of the study protein were well-tolerated, with mild or moderate reactogenicity commonly reported. Only one adverse event (mild injection site pruritis) in one participant (low dose) was considered product-related; there were no dose-limiting toxicities. High and low dose recipients demonstrated robust bAb responses to vaccine-matched consensus gp140 Env and subtype-matched gp120 Env proteins two weeks post-last vaccination (response rates >90 %), while no responses were detected to a heterologous subtype-matched V1V2 antigen. No significant differences were seen between high and low dose groups. Participants in both experimental arms demonstrated nAb response rates of 76.5 % to a tier 1 virus (MW9635.26), but no responses to tier 2 isolates. Env-specific CD4 + T-cell responses were elicited in 36.4 % of vaccine recipients, without significant differences between groups; no participants demonstrated CD8 + T-cell responses. CONCLUSIONS Three doses of novel subtype C gp145 Env protein with alum were safe and well-tolerated. Participants demonstrated bAb, Env-specific CD4 + T-cell, and tier 1 nAb responses, but the regimen failed to induce tier 2 or heterologous nAb responses. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03382418.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Van Tieu
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Magdalena E Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Hua Zheng
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mingchao Shen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen DeRosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret Brewinski Isaacs
- Division of Refugee Health, Administration for Children and Families, Department of Health and Human Services, USA
| | - Stephanie Regenold
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brianna Furch
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Pensiero
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katharine J Bar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wilson GJ, Rodriguez B, Li SS, Allen M, Frank I, Rudnicki E, Trahey M, Kalams S, Hannaman D, Clarke DK, Xu R, Egan M, Eldridge J, Pensiero M, Latham T, Ferrari G, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, De Rosa SC, Jacobson JM, Miner MD, Elizaga M. Cellular and humoral responses to an HIV DNA prime by electroporation boosted with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing HIV subtype C Env in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Vaccine 2023; 41:2696-2706. [PMID: 36935288 PMCID: PMC10102555 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV subtypes B and C together account for around 60% of HIV-1 cases worldwide. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a subtype B DNA vaccine prime followed by a subtype C viral vector boost. METHODS Fourteen healthy adults received DNA plasmid encoding HIV-1 subtype B nef/tat/vif and env (n = 11) or placebo (n = 3) intramuscularly (IM) via electroporation (EP) at 0, 1, and 3 months, followed by IM injection of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding subtype C Env or placebo at 6 and 9 months. Participants were assessed for safety, tolerability of EP, and Env-specific T-cell and antibody responses. RESULTS EP was generally well tolerated, although some device-related adverse events did occur, and vaccine reactogenicity was mild to moderate. The vaccine stimulated Env-specific CD4 + T-cell responses in greater than 80% of recipients, and CD8 + T-cell responses in 30%. Subtype C Env-specific IgG binding antibodies (bAb) were elicited in all vaccine recipients, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses to vaccine-matched subtype C targets in 80%. Negligible V1/V2 and neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses were detected. CONCLUSIONS This prime/boost regimen was safe and tolerable, with some device-related events, and immunogenic. Although immunogenicity missed targets for an HIV vaccine, the DNA/rVSV platform may be useful for other applications. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT02654080.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Wilson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Shuying Sue Li
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Allen
- DAIDS/NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ian Frank
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erika Rudnicki
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Meg Trahey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Spyros Kalams
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - David K Clarke
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - Rong Xu
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - Michael Egan
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - John Eldridge
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | | | - Theresa Latham
- Auro Vaccines LLC (formerly Profectus Biosciences, Inc.), Pearl River, NY, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Maurine D Miner
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marnie Elizaga
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Rosa SC, Edupuganti S, Huang Y, Han X, Elizaga M, Swann E, Polakowski L, Kalams SA, Keefer MC, Maenza J, Lu Y, Wise MC, Yan J, Morrow MP, Khan AS, Boyer JD, Humeau L, White S, Pensiero M, Sardesai NY, Bagarazzi ML, Weiner DB, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Corey L, McElrath MJ. Robust antibody and cellular responses induced by DNA-only vaccination for HIV. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137079. [PMID: 32437332 PMCID: PMC7406303 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDHVTN 098, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of PENNVAX-GP HIV DNA vaccine, administered with or without plasmid IL-12 (pIL-12), via intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) electroporation (EP) in healthy, HIV-uninfected adults. The study tested whether PENNVAX-GP delivered via ID/EP at one-fifth the dose could elicit equivalent immune responses to delivery via IM/EP and whether inclusion of pIL-12 provided additional benefit.METHODSParticipants received DNA encoding HIV-1 env/gag/pol in 3 groups: 1.6 mg ID (ID no IL-12 group, n = 20), 1.6 mg ID + 0.4 mg pIL-12 (ID + IL-12 group, n = 30), 8 mg IM + 1 mg pIL-12 (IM + IL-12 group, n = 30), or placebo (n = 9) via EP at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months. Results of cellular and humoral immunogenicity assessments are reported.RESULTSFollowing vaccination, the frequency of responders (response rate) to any HIV protein based on CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ or IL-2 was 96% for both the ID + IL-12 and IM + IL-12 groups; CD8+ T cell response rates were 64% and 44%, respectively. For ID delivery, the inclusion of pIL-12 increased CD4+ T cell response rate from 56% to 96%. The frequency of responders was similar (≥90%) for IgG binding antibody to gp140 consensus Env across all groups, but the magnitude was higher in the ID + IL-12 group compared with the IM + IL-12 group.CONCLUSIONPENNVAX-GP DNA induced robust cellular and humoral immune responses, demonstrating that immunogenicity of DNA vaccines can be enhanced by EP route and inclusion of pIL-12. ID/EP was dose sparing, inducing equivalent, or in some aspects superior, immune responses compared with IM/EP.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02431767.FUNDINGThis work was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), U.S. Public Health Service grants, an HIV Vaccine Design and Development Team contract, Integrated Preclinical/Clinical AIDS Vaccine Development Program, and an NIH award.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Srilatha Edupuganti
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marnie Elizaga
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edith Swann
- Division of AIDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Michael C. Keefer
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan C. Wise
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Amir S. Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean D. Boyer
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott White
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spearman P, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Huang Y, Elizaga ML, Ferrari G, Alam SM, Isaacs A, Ahmed H, Hural J, McElrath MJ, Ouedraogo L, Pensiero M, Butler C, Kalams SA, Overton ET, Barnett SW. Rapid Boosting of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Humans Following a Prolonged Immunologic Rest Period. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1755-1765. [PMID: 30615119 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability and breadth of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific immune responses elicited through vaccination are important considerations in the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Responses to HIV-1 envelope subunit protein (Env) immunization in humans are often described as short-lived. METHODS We enrolled 16 healthy volunteers who had received priming with an HIV-1 subtype B Env vaccine given with MF59 adjuvant 5-17 years previously and 20 healthy unprimed volunteers. Three booster immunizations with a heterologous subtype C trimeric gp140 protein vaccine were administered to the primed group, and the same subtype C gp140 protein vaccination regimen was administered to the unprimed subjects. RESULTS Binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies to tier 1 viral isolates were detected in the majority of previously primed subjects. Remarkably, a single dose of protein boosted binding and neutralizing antibody titers in 100% of primed subjects following this prolonged immunologic rest period, and CD4+ T-cell responses were boosted in 75% of primed individuals. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HIV-1 protein immunogens can elicit durable memory T- and B-cell responses and that strong tier 1 virus neutralizing responses can be elicited by a single booster dose of protein following a long immunologic rest period. However, we found no evidence that cross-clade boosting led to a significantly broadened neutralizing antibody response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Spearman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Ohio
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marnie L Elizaga
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - S Munir Alam
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Abby Isaacs
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laissa Ouedraogo
- Division of AIDS, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Pensiero
- Division of AIDS, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chris Butler
- Division of AIDS, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Spyros A Kalams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Edgar Turner Overton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen X, Laher F, Moodie Z, McMillan AS, Spreng RL, Gilbert PB, Huang Y, Yates NL, Grunenberg N, Juliana McElrath M, Allen M, Pensiero M, Mehra VL, Der Meeren OV, Barnett SW, Phogat S, Gray GE, Bekker LG, Corey L, Tomaras GD. HIV-1 Vaccine Sequences Impact V1V2 Antibody Responses: A Comparison of Two Poxvirus Prime gp120 Boost Vaccine Regimens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2093. [PMID: 32034163 PMCID: PMC7005751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the RV144 trial, vaccine-induced V1V2 IgG correlated with decreased HIV-1 risk. We investigated circulating antibody specificities in two phase 1 poxvirus prime-protein boost clinical trials conducted in South Africa: HVTN 097 (subtype B/E) and HVTN 100 (subtype C). With cross-subtype peptide microarrays and multiplex binding assays, we probed the magnitude and breadth of circulating antibody responses to linear variable loop 2 (V2) and conformational V1V2 specificities. Antibodies targeting the linear V2 epitope, a correlate of decreased HIV-1 risk in RV144, were elicited up to 100% and 61% in HVTN 097 and HVTN 100, respectively. Despite higher magnitude of envelope-specific responses in HVTN 100 compared to HVTN 097 (p’s < 0.001), the magnitude and positivity for V2 linear epitope and V1V2 proteins were significantly lower in HVTN 100 compared to HVTN 097. Meanwhile, responses to other major linear epitopes including the variable 3 (V3) and constant 5 (C5) epitopes were higher in HVTN 100 compared to HVTN 097. Our data reveal substantial differences in the circulating antibody specificities induced by vaccination in these two canarypox prime-protein boost trials. Our findings suggest that the choice of viral sequences in prime-boost vaccine regimens, and potentially adjuvants and immunogen dose, influence the elicitation of V2-specific antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Fatima Laher
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arthur S McMillan
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel L Spreng
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole L Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Allen
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Pensiero
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vijay L Mehra
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Susan W Barnett
- GSK Vaccines (formerly Novartis Vaccines), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA. .,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Churchyard G, Mlisana K, Karuna S, Williamson AL, Williamson C, Morris L, Tomaras GD, De Rosa SC, Gilbert PB, Gu N, Yu C, Mkhize NN, Hermanus T, Allen M, Pensiero M, Barnett SW, Gray G, Bekker LG, Montefiori DC, Kublin J, Corey L. Sequential Immunization with gp140 Boosts Immune Responses Primed by Modified Vaccinia Ankara or DNA in HIV-Uninfected South African Participants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161753. [PMID: 27583368 PMCID: PMC5008759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and immunogenicity of SAAVI DNA-C2 (4 mg IM), SAAVI MVA-C (2.9 x 109 pfu IM) and Novartis V2-deleted subtype C gp140 (100 mcg) with MF59 adjuvant in various vaccination regimens was evaluated in HIV-uninfected adults in South Africa. METHODS Participants at three South African sites were randomized (1:1:1:1) to one of four vaccine regimens: MVA prime, sequential gp140 protein boost (M/M/P/P); concurrent MVA/gp140 (MP/MP); DNA prime, sequential MVA boost (D/D/M/M); DNA prime, concurrent MVA/gp140 boost (D/D/MP/MP) or placebo. Peak HIV specific humoral and cellular responses were measured. RESULTS 184 participants were enrolled: 52% were female, all were Black/African, median age was 23 years (range, 18-42 years) and 79% completed all vaccinations. 159 participants reported at least one adverse event, 92.5% were mild or moderate. Five, unrelated, serious adverse events were reported. The M/M/P/P and D/D/MP/MP regimens induced the strongest peak neutralizing and binding antibody responses and the greatest CD4+ T-cell responses to Env. All peak neutralizing and binding antibody responses decayed with time. The MVA, but not DNA, prime contributed to the humoral and cellular immune responses. The D/D/M/M regimen was poorly immunogenic overall but did induce modest CD4+ T-cell responses to Gag and Pol. CD8+ T-cell responses to any antigen were low for all regimens. CONCLUSIONS The SAAVI DNA-C2, SAAVI MVA-C and Novartis gp140 with MF59 adjuvant in various combinations were safe and induced neutralizing and binding antibodies and cellular immune responses. Sequential immunization with gp140 boosted immune responses primed by MVA or DNA. The best overall immune responses were seen with the M/M/P/P regimen. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01418235.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Churchyard
- Aurum Institute for Health Research, Klerksdorp, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Advancing Care and Treatment for TB and HIV, Medical Research Council Collaborating Centre, Klerksdorp, South Africa
| | | | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Niya Gu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Chenchen Yu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Allen
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael Pensiero
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Susan W. Barnett
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Glenda Gray
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - James Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fuchs JD, Frank I, Elizaga ML, Allen M, Frahm N, Kochar N, Li S, Edupuganti S, Kalams SA, Tomaras GD, Sheets R, Pensiero M, Tremblay MA, Higgins TJ, Latham T, Egan MA, Clarke DK, Eldridge JH, Mulligan M, Rouphael N, Estep S, Rybczyk K, Dunbar D, Buchbinder S, Wagner T, Isbell R, Chinnell V, Bae J, Escamilla G, Tseng J, Fair R, Ramirez S, Broder G, Briesemeister L, Ferrara A. First-in-Human Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 gag Vaccine (HVTN 090). Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26199949 PMCID: PMC4504730 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. We report the first-in-human safety and immunogenicity evaluation of a highly attenuated, replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 vaccine. Methods. Sixty healthy, HIV-1-uninfected adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled dose-escalation study. Groups of 12 participants received rVSV HIV-1 gag vaccine at 5 dose levels (4.6 × 10(3) to 3.4 × 10(7) particle forming units) (N = 10/group) or placebo (N = 2/group), delivered intramuscularly as bilateral injections at 0 and 2 months. Safety monitoring included VSV cultures from blood, urine, saliva, and swabs of oral lesions. Vesicular stomatitis virus-neutralizing antibodies, T-cell immunogenicity, and HIV-1 specific binding antibodies were assessed. Results. Local and systemic reactogenicity symptoms were mild to moderate and increased with dose. No severe reactogenicity or product-related serious adverse events were reported, and all rVSV cultures were negative. All vaccine recipients became seropositive for VSV after 2 vaccinations. gag-specific T-cell responses were detected in 63% of participants by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot at the highest dose post boost. Conclusions. An attenuated replication-competent rVSV gag vaccine has an acceptable safety profile in healthy adults. This rVSV vector is a promising new vaccine platform for the development of vaccines to combat HIV-1 and other serious human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Fuchs
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, California ; University of California , San Francisco
| | - Ian Frank
- University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia
| | - Marnie L Elizaga
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Mary Allen
- Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Nidhi Kochar
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington
| | - Sue Li
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention , Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Sheets
- Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Pensiero
- Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hay CM, Wilson GJ, Elizaga M, Li S, Kochar N, Allen M, Sobieszczyk M, Frank I, Frahm N, Tomaras GD, Egan M, Pensiero M, Eldridge J. An HIV DNA Vaccine Delivered by Electroporation and Boosted by rVSV HIV-1 Gag Is Safe and Immunogenic in Healthy HIV-uninfected Adults. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5019.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Hay
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Marnie Elizaga
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sue Li
- SCHARP - FHCRC, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Mary Allen
- DAIDS/NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Ian Frank
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Michael Egan
- Profectus Biosciences, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goepfert PA, Elizaga ML, Seaton K, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Sato A, Hural J, DeRosa SC, Kalams SA, McElrath MJ, Keefer MC, Baden LR, Lama JR, Sanchez J, Mulligan MJ, Buchbinder SP, Hammer SM, Koblin BA, Pensiero M, Butler C, Moss B, Robinson HL. Specificity and 6-month durability of immune responses induced by DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines expressing HIV-1 virus-like particles. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:99-110. [PMID: 24403557 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clade B DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccines producing virus-like particles displaying trimeric membrane-bound envelope glycoprotein (Env) were tested in a phase 2a trial in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected adults for safety, immunogenicity, and 6-month durability of immune responses. METHODS A total of 299 individuals received 2 doses of JS7 DNA vaccine and 2 doses of MVA/HIV62B at 0, 2, 4, and 6 months, respectively (the DDMM regimen); 3 doses of MVA/HIV62B at 0, 2, and 6 months (the MMM regimen); or placebo injections. RESULTS At peak response, 93.2% of the DDMM group and 98.4% of the MMM group had binding antibodies for Env. These binding antibodies were more frequent and of higher magnitude for the transmembrane subunit (gp41) than the receptor-binding subunit (gp120) of Env. For both regimens, response rates were higher for CD4(+) T cells (66.4% in the DDMM group and 43.1% in the MMM group) than for CD8(+) T cells (21.8% in the DDMM group and 14.9% in the MMM group). Responding CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were biased toward Gag, and >70% produced 2 or 3 of the 4 cytokines evaluated (ie, interferon γ, interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor α, and granzyme B). Six months after vaccination, the magnitudes of antibodies and T-cell responses had decreased by <3-fold. CONCLUSIONS DDMM and MMM vaccinations with virus-like particle-expressing immunogens elicited durable antibody and T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marnie L Elizaga
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Kelly Seaton
- Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David C Montefiori
- Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alicia Sato
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Stephen C DeRosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Spyros A Kalams
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael C Keefer
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Javier R Lama
- Asociacion Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Asociacion Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of humanized mice hold great promise to advance our understanding of protective immunity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to aid in the design of an effective HIV vaccine. This supplement of the Journal of Infectious Diseases summarizes work in the humanized mouse model presented at an HIV Humanized Mouse workshop in Boston, Massachusetts, in November 2012, including recent advances in the development of humanized mice, the trafficking of human immune cells following mucosal HIV transmission, the role of immune activation and Toll-like receptor agonists in the control of HIV, the induction and efficacy of HIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, and the preclinical modeling of novel anti-HIV therapeutics. Many gaps remain in our understanding of how to design an effective HIV vaccine and novel therapeutics to eliminate the viral reservoir. Promising early results from studies in humanized mice suggest great potential and enthusiasm for this model to accelerate these critical areas of HIV research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Tager
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalams SA, Parker SD, Elizaga M, Metch B, Edupuganti S, Hural J, De Rosa S, Carter DK, Rybczyk K, Frank I, Fuchs J, Koblin B, Kim DH, Joseph P, Keefer MC, Baden LR, Eldridge J, Boyer J, Sherwat A, Cardinali M, Allen M, Pensiero M, Butler C, Khan AS, Yan J, Sardesai NY, Kublin JG, Weiner DB. Safety and comparative immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA vaccine in combination with plasmid interleukin 12 and impact of intramuscular electroporation for delivery. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:818-29. [PMID: 23840043 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA vaccines have been very poorly immunogenic in humans but have been an effective priming modality in prime-boost regimens. Methods to increase the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines are needed. METHODS HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) studies 070 and 080 were multicenter, randomized, clinical trials. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) PENNVAX®-B DNA vaccine (PV) is a mixture of 3 expression plasmids encoding HIV-1 Clade B Env, Gag, and Pol. The interleukin 12 (IL-12) DNA plasmid expresses human IL-12 proteins p35 and p40. Study subjects were healthy HIV-1-uninfected adults 18-50 years old. Four intramuscular vaccinations were given in HVTN 070, and 3 intramuscular vaccinations were followed by electroporation in HVTN 080. Cellular immune responses were measured by intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation with HIV-1 peptide pools. RESULTS Vaccination was safe and well tolerated. Administration of PV plus IL-12 with electroporation had a significant dose-sparing effect and provided immunogenicity superior to that observed in the trial without electroporation, despite fewer vaccinations. A total of 71.4% of individuals vaccinated with PV plus IL-12 plasmid with electroporation developed either a CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell response after the second vaccination, and 88.9% developed a CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell response after the third vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Use of electroporation after PV administration provided superior immunogenicity than delivery without electroporation. This study illustrates the power of combined DNA approaches to generate impressive immune responses in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spyros A Kalams
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fuchs JD, Frank I, Kochar N, Elizaga M, Allen M, Carter D, Frahm N, Kalams SA, Mulligan M, Sheets R, Pensiero M, Clarke D, Eldridge J. First-in-human phase I clinical trial of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based preventive HIV-1 vaccine. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441647 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
13
|
Spearman P, Tomaras G, Montefiori D, Huang Y, Ahmed H, Elizaga M, Hural J, McElrath J, Ouedraogo L, Pensiero M, Butler C, Kalams S, Overton ET, Barnett S, Group N. Rapid development of cross-clade neutralizing antibody responses after clade B gp120/gp140 protein priming and clade c gp140 protein boosting. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441648 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
14
|
Keefer MC, Frey SE, Elizaga M, Metch B, De Rosa SC, Barroso PF, Tomaras G, Cardinali M, Goepfert P, Kalichman A, Philippon V, McElrath MJ, Jin X, Ferrari G, Defawe OD, Mazzara GP, Montefiori D, Pensiero M, Panicali DL, Corey L. A phase I trial of preventive HIV vaccination with heterologous poxviral-vectors containing matching HIV-1 inserts in healthy HIV-uninfected subjects. Vaccine 2011; 29:1948-58. [PMID: 21216311 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated replication-defective poxvirus vectors (modified vaccinia Ankara [MVA] and fowlpox [FPV]) in a homologous and heterologous vector prime-boost vaccination regimen containing matching HIV inserts (MVA-HIV and FPV-HIV) given at months 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 in 150 healthy HIV-negative vaccinia-naïve participants. FPV-HIV alone was poorly immunogenic, while the high dose (10(9)pfu/2 ml) of MVA-HIV alone elicited maximal responses after two injections: CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in 26/55 (47.3%) and 5/60 (8.3%) of participants, respectively, and IFN-γ ELISpot responses in 28/62 (45.2%). The infrequent CD8+ T-cell responses following MVA-HIV priming were boosted only by the heterologous (FPV-HIV) construct in 14/27 (51.9%) of participants post 4th vaccination. Alternatively, HIV envelope-specific binding antibodies were demonstrated in approximately two-thirds of recipients of the homologous boosting regimen, but in less than 20% of subjects after the heterologous vector boost. Thus, a heterologous poxvirus vector prime-boost regimen can induce HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell and CD4+ T-cell responses, which may be an important feature of an optimal regimen for preventive HIV vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Keefer
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Michael
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Recent advances in science, which have aided HIV-1 vaccine development, include an improved understanding of HIV-1 envelope structure and function, expansion of the pipeline with innovative vaccine strategies, promising multi-gene and multi-clade vaccines that elicit cellular immunity, conduct of clinical trials in a global network, and development of validated techniques that enable simultaneous measurement of multiple T cell vaccine-induced immune responses in humans. A common feature of several preventive vaccine strategies now in early clinical trials is their ability in nonhuman primates to attenuate clinical disease rather than completely prevent HIV-1 infection. One vaccine concept has been tested in large-scale clinical trials, two are currently in efficacy trials, and one more is poised to enter efficacy trial in the next few years. Simultaneously, expanded efforts continue to identify new designs that induce mucosal immunity as well as broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac R Rodriguez-Chavez
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Powell SK, Kaloss MA, Pinkstaff A, McKee R, Burimski I, Pensiero M, Otto E, Stemmer WP, Soong NW. Breeding of retroviruses by DNA shuffling for improved stability and processing yields. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:1279-82. [PMID: 11101807 DOI: 10.1038/82391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Manufacturing of retroviral vectors for gene therapy is complicated by the sensitivity of these viruses to stress forces during purification and concentration. To isolate viruses that are resistant to these manufacturing processes, we performed breeding of six ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) strains by DNA shuffling. The envelope regions were shuffled to generate a recombinant library of 5 x 106 replication-competent retroviruses. This library was subjected to the concentration process three consecutive times, with amplification of the surviving viruses after each cycle. Several viral clones with greatly improved stabilities were isolated, with the best clone exhibiting no loss in titer under conditions that reduced the titers of the parental viruses by 30- to 100-fold. The envelopes of these resistant viruses differed in DNA and protein sequence, and all were complex chimeras derived from multiple parents. These studies demonstrate the utility of DNA shuffling in breeding viral strains with improved characteristics for gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Powell
- Genetic Therapy Inc. A Novartis Company, 9 W. Watkins Mill Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu JM, Kim S, Read EJ, Futaki M, Dokal I, Carter CS, Leitman SF, Pensiero M, Young NS, Walsh CE. Engraftment of hematopoietic progenitor cells transduced with the Fanconi anemia group C gene (FANCC). Hum Gene Ther 1999; 10:2337-46. [PMID: 10515453 DOI: 10.1089/10430349950016988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to aplastic anemia. Mutations in the FANCC gene account for 10-15% of cases. FA cells are abnormally sensitive to DNA-damaging agents such as mitomycin C (MMC). Transfection of normal FANCC into mutant cells corrects this hypersensitivity and improves their viability in vitro. Four FA patients, representing the three major FANCC mutation subgroups, were entered into a clinical trial of gene transduction aimed at correction of the hematopoietic defect. Three patients received three or four cycles of gene transfer, each consisting of one or two infusions of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells that had been transduced ex vivo with a retroviral vector carrying the normal FANCC gene. Prior to infusion, the FANCC transgene was demonstrated in transduced CD34-enriched progenitor cells. After infusion, FANCC was also present transiently in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells. Function of the normal FANCC transgene was suggested by a marked increase in hematopoietic colonies measured by in vitro cultures, including colonies grown in the presence of MMC, after successive gene therapy cycles in all patients. Transient improvement in BM cellularity coincided with this expansion of hematopoietic progenitors. A fourth patient, who received a single infusion of transduced CD34-enriched BM cells, was given radiation therapy for a concurrent gynecologic malignancy. The FANCC transgene was detected in her PB and BM cells only after recovery from radiation-induced aplasia, suggesting that FANCC gene transduction confers a selective engraftment advantage. These experiments highlight both the potential and difficulties in applying gene therapy to FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Liu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dunbar CE, Kohn DB, Schiffmann R, Barton NW, Nolta JA, Esplin JA, Pensiero M, Long Z, Lockey C, Emmons RV, Csik S, Leitman S, Krebs CB, Carter C, Brady RO, Karlsson S. Retroviral Transfer of the Glucocerebrosidase Gene into CD34+ Cells from Patients with Gaucher Disease: In Vivo Detection of Transduced Cells without Myeloablation. Hum Gene Ther 1998. [DOI: 10.1089/10430349850019463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
19
|
Dunbar CE, Kohn DB, Schiffmann R, Barton NW, Nolta JA, Esplin JA, Pensiero M, Long Z, Lockey C, Emmons RV, Csik S, Leitman S, Krebs CB, Carter C, Brady RO, Karlsson S. Retroviral transfer of the glucocerebrosidase gene into CD34+ cells from patients with Gaucher disease: in vivo detection of transduced cells without myeloablation. Hum Gene Ther 1998; 9:2629-40. [PMID: 9853529 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1998.9.17-2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral gene transfer of the glucocerebrosidase gene to hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells has shown promising results in animal models and corrected the enzyme deficiency in cells from Gaucher patients in vitro. Therefore, a clinical protocol was initiated to explore the safety and feasibility of retroviral transduction of peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells with the G1Gc vector. This vector uses the viral LTR promoter to express the human glucocerebrosidase cDNA. Three adult patients have been entered with follow-up of 6-15 months. Target cells were G-CSF-mobilized and CD34-enriched PB cells or CD34-enriched steady state BM cells, and were transduced ex vivo for 72 hr. Patient 1 had PB cells transduced in the presence of autologous stromal marrow cells. Patient 2 had PB cells transduced in the presence of autologous stroma, IL-3, IL-6, and SCF. Patient 3 had BM cells transduced in the presence of autologous stroma, IL-3, IL-6, and SCF. At the end of transduction, the cells were collected and infused immediately without any preparative treatment of the patients. The transduction efficiency of the CD34+ cells at the end of transduction was approximately 1, 10, and 1 for patients 1, 2, and 3, respectively, as estimated by semiquantitative PCR on bulk samples and PCR analysis of individual hematopoietic colonies. Gene marking in vivo was demonstrated in patients 2 and 3. Patient 2 had vector-positive PB granulocytes and mononuclear bone marrow cells at 1 month postinfusion and positive PB mononuclear cells at 2 and 3 months postinfusion. Patient 3 had a positive BM sample at 1 month postinfusion but was negative thereafter. These results indicate that gene-marked cells can engraft and persist for at least 3 months postinfusion, even without myeloablation. However, the level of corrected cells (<0.02%) is too low to result in any clinical benefit, and glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity did not increase in any patient following infusion of transduced cells. Modifications of vector systems and transduction conditions, along with partial myeloablation to allow higher levels of engraftment, may be necessary to achieve beneficial levels of correction in patients with Gaucher disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wells S, Malik P, Pensiero M, Kohn DB, Nolta JA. The presence of an autologous marrow stromal cell layer increases glucocerebrosidase gene transduction of long-term culture initiating cells (LTCICs) from the bone marrow of a patient with Gaucher disease. Gene Ther 1995; 2:512-20. [PMID: 8593601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting form deficiency of the acid beta-glucosidase, glucocerebrosidase (GC). Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been beneficial in the treatment of Gaucher patients. Therefore, this disorder may be an ideal candidate for gene therapy by GC gene transduction of hematopoietic stem cells. We sought to increase the extent of gene transfer into CD34+ cells from the marrow of a Gaucher patient using G1GC, a simple retroviral vector containing a normal human GC cDNA. The ability of autologous stromal support and recombinant cytokines to increase the extent of transduction of colony-forming-cells (CFCs) and long-term culture initiating cells (LTCICs) was assessed. The presence of a stromal layer significantly increased the extent of GC gene transfer into 14-day CFCs, as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of individual colonies (18.8% with stroma versus 5% without, P < 0.001). Stromal support also increased the extent of transduction of LTCICs (10% with stroma versus 0.83% without, P < 0.001). Non-adherent cells from long-term bone marrow cultures initiated with CD34+ progenitors transduced on autologous stroma had higher levels of GC enzyme activity than cultures initiated with cells transduced without stroma. The percentage of cells which were GC positive by immunohistochemistry was also increased (21.1% with stroma versus 2.7% without, P = 0.0003). The addition of cytokines (IL-3, IL-6 and Steel factor) to the transduction, in the presence of stroma, significantly increased the extent of gene transfer into CFCs but not LTCICs. These studies indicate that the GC gene can be effectively transduced into LTCICs by retroviral vectors in the presence of stroma at levels significant for clinical gene therapy trials in patients with Gaucher disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wells
- Division of Research Immunology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kinchington PR, Ling P, Pensiero M, Moss B, Ruyechan WT, Hay J. The glycoprotein products of varicella-zoster virus gene 14 and their defective accumulation in a vaccine strain (Oka). J Virol 1990; 64:4540-8. [PMID: 2166829 PMCID: PMC247925 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.64.9.4540-4548.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many characteristics of the putative protein encoded by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading fram (ORF) 14 indicate that it is a glycoprotein, which has been designated gpV. To identify the protein products of the gene, the coding sequences were placed under the control of the vaccinia virus p7.5 promoter and recombinant vaccinia viruses were constructed. Heterogeneous polypeptides with molecular weights of 95,000 to 105,000 (95K to 105K polypeptides) were expressed in cells infected by a vaccinia virus recombinant (vKIP5) containing ORF 14 from VZV Scott but were not expressed by control vaccinia viruses. These polypeptides were recognized by antibodies present in human sera that contained high levels of anti-VZV antibodies. Conversely, antisera raised in rabbits inoculated with vKIP5 reacted specifically with heterogeneous 95K to 105K polypeptides present in VZV Scott-infected but not uninfected cells; these polypeptides show a patchy plasma membrane fluorescence pattern in VZV Scott-infected cells. These same antisera neutralized VZV strain Scott infectivity in the absence of complement. Endoglycosidase F treatment of isolated gpV polypeptides and tunicamycin treatment of cells infected with the vKIP5 recombinant indicated that the polypeptides were glycosylated. Three sets of data imply that the VZV strain Oka, which has been used to produce a live attenuated virus vaccine, accumulates low levels of gpV polypeptides relative to wild-type strains: (i) blocking of antibodies in human sera with excess VZV Oka-infected cell antigen yielded residual antibodies which were reactive with the 95K to 105K gpV polypeptides expressed in cells infected by VZV strain Scott and by the vKIP5 vaccinia virus recombinant, but not with Oka-infected cell polypeptides; (ii) antisera raised to vKIP5 detected very low levels of reactive polypeptides made in VZV Oka-infected cells and neutralized VZV Oka virus much less efficiently than VZV Scott; and (iii) comparisons of the reactivity of sera from live attenuated virus vaccine vaccinees with sera derived from patients recovering from wild-type infections indicated greatly reduced levels of gpV-specific antibodies in some vaccinees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Kinchington
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814-4799
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kinchington PR, Ling P, Pensiero M, Gershon A, Hay J, Ruyechan WT. A possible role for glycoprotein gpV in the pathogenesis of varicella-zoster virus. Adv Exp Med Biol 1990; 278:83-91. [PMID: 1963048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5853-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P R Kinchington
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pensiero M, Adams M. Dress and self-esteem. J Gerontol Nurs 1987; 13:11-7. [PMID: 3668176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|