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Petreje M, Sněhota M, Chorazy T, Novotný M, Rybová B, Hečková P. Performance study of an innovative concept of hybrid constructed wetland-extensive green roof with growing media amended with recycled materials. J Environ Manage 2023; 331:117151. [PMID: 36638720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of green roofs requires a large amount of primary material, especially for constructing the growing media layer. In addition, irrigation of green roofs with potable water is uneconomical and unsustainable. The novel hybrid green roof system proposed in this paper is in line with the principles of circular economy as it incorporates recycled materials into green roof growing media and greywater for irrigation. Two experimental beds were built to evaluate the concept of treating greywater in a constructed wetland prior to using it to irrigate a dual-layer extensive green roof. The growing media in both two extensive green roof beds contained ca. 37.5% by volume of recycled crushed building rubble containing a large proportion of brick. One of the two beds additionally contained 9.5% by volume of sewage sludge-based biochar. The concept of the hybrid roof and novel growing media was evaluated based on laboratory analysis of the growing media and on onsite measurements of hydraulic and thermal performance. The growing media amended with recycled materials developed in this study had hydrophysical properties comparable to commercially available growing media without recycled materials. Observations made during one vegetation season from June to October and a ten day-intensive water quality monitoring campaign during September 2020 showed that the constructed wetland significantly reduced total nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations in pre-treated greywater. Due to the irrigation method employed, in which water flowed predominantly through drainage mats below the growing media, nutrient-leaching by the irrigation water was avoided. Concentrations of nutrients in the effluent were observed to increase only in response to precipitation. The temperature peak of the bottom green roof layer was shifted by almost 9 h from the peak in air temperature, and temperature fluctuations were significantly reduced. Vegetation on the bed amended with biochar demonstrated more vigorous growth due to available nutrients in the biochar which increased the rate of temperature-reducing evapotranspiration. More water evapotranspirated more water, which provided more water retention capacity confirmed by a lower runoff coefficient. Simple storage routing hydraulic modeling of hybrid green roof runoff using a nonlinear reservoir was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Petreje
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thákurova 7, Prague 6, 166 29, Czech Republic; Czech Technical University in Prague, University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Třinecká 1024, Buštehrad, 273 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Sněhota
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thákurova 7, Prague 6, 166 29, Czech Republic; Czech Technical University in Prague, University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Třinecká 1024, Buštehrad, 273 43, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Chorazy
- AdMaS Research Centre, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 651/139, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Novotný
- AdMaS Research Centre, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 651/139, Brno, 612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Rybová
- Czech Technical University in Prague, University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Třinecká 1024, Buštehrad, 273 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hečková
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thákurova 7, Prague 6, 166 29, Czech Republic; Czech Technical University in Prague, University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Třinecká 1024, Buštehrad, 273 43, Czech Republic
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Seyedsadr S, Šípek V, Jačka L, Sněhota M, Beesley L, Pohořelý M, Kovář M, Trakal L. Biochar considerably increases the easily available water and nutrient content in low-organic soils amended with compost and manure. Chemosphere 2022; 293:133586. [PMID: 35031246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The soil hydraulic properties of two low-organic soils (Fluvisol; Regosol) were investigated following their amendment with biochar alone or in combination with manure, compost and co-composted biochar. Self-irrigating boxes containing the soil and amendment combinations were purposed with a battery of soil moisture sensors as well as soil porewater sampling devices. Static sampling determined bulk density, porosity and derived soil water retention curves. The aim of this study was to identify the most advantageous amendment combinations to enhance soil water retention whilst simultaneously avoiding excessive nutrient leaching arising, primarily, from manure application. Biochar significantly decreased bulk density and increased total porosity when compared to compost in the Fluvisol, whereas manure affected the greatest changes in the Regosol. All of the tested amendments adjusted the shape or extent of the soil water retention curves, but biochar addition resulted in the greatest increase (⁓50%) in easily available water content (for plants) in both soils, when compared to the control. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was, however, not changed by any of the amendments which reflects a lack of influence on infiltration. An enhancement in nutrient retention occurred in some of the soil amendment configurations, such as for co-composted biochar at 2% dosage and 5% manure-biochar mixture, as revealed by porewater analysis. In summary, the application of biochar with and without additional compost and manure can enhance soil water retention in low-organic soils whilst maintaining or enhancing nutrient retention. Such finding supports the application of mixed organic amendments to low-organic (and therefore drought-prone) arable soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Seyedsadr
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šípek
- Department of Water Resources, Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Paťankou 30/5, 16612, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Jačka
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Sněhota
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, Prague 6, 166 29, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luke Beesley
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Michael Pohořelý
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, Praha 6, Suchdol, 165 02, Czech Republic; Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kovář
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Modeling, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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Sněhota M, Vlčková J, Čížková K, Klásková E, Kolářová H, Kollárová H. If a vaccine against COVID-19 was available, would you like to be vaccinated? And are you vaccinated against flu and other diseases? A survey among university students during state of emergency. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2021; 70:147-155. [PMID: 34641688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Achieving sufficient vaccination rate (and herd immunity respectively) is considered to be the most promising strategy for prevention of outbreaks of novel coronavirus disease in future. The main aim of this work was to compare willingness of university students to receive vaccine against COVID-19 with vaccines for adults against other well-known diseases. Another aim was to assess students´ opinion on growing trend of parents refusing to vaccinate children. METHODS The online questionnaire shared with students consisted of 12 questions. It was distributed via university bulk emails and social media. RESULTS 3,133 students responded to our questionnaire. Overall university response rate was 15.9%. Students of our university showed significantly much stronger interest in receiving vaccine against COVID-19 than vaccine against other diseases (p < 0.0001). Students also showed strong pro-vaccination attitude to vaccination of children. CONCLUSION The study showed very well sudden change of attitude of university students to vaccination of adults at the time of strong restrictive regulations. Most of university students had pro-vaccination attitude to vaccination of children.
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