1
|
Komolafe MA, Sunmonu T, Akinyemi J, Sarfo FS, Akpalu A, Wahab K, Obiako R, Owolabi L, Osaigbovo GO, Ogbole G, Tiwari HK, Jenkins C, Lackland DT, Fakunle AG, Uvere E, Akpa O, Dambatta HA, Akpalu J, Onasanya A, Olaleye A, Ogah OS, Isah SY, Fawale MB, Adebowale A, Okekunle AP, Arnett D, Adeoye AM, Agunloye AM, Bello AH, Aderibigbe AS, Idowu AO, Sanusi AA, Ogunmodede A, Balogun SA, Egberongbe AA, Rotimi FT, Fredrick A, Akinnuoye AO, Adeniyi FA, Calys-Tagoe B, Adebayo P, Arulogun O, Agbogu-Ike OU, Yaria J, Appiah L, Ibinaiye P, Singh A, Adeniyi S, Olalusi O, Mande A, Balogun O, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi M. Clinical and neuroimaging factors associated with 30-day fatality among indigenous West Africans with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurol Sci 2024; 456:122848. [PMID: 38171072 PMCID: PMC10888524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a high case fatality rate in resource-limited settings. The independent predictors of poor outcome after ICH in sub-Saharan Africa remains to be characterized in large epidemiological studies. We aimed to determine factors associated with 30-day fatality among West African patients with ICH. METHODS The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study is a multicentre, case-control study conducted at 15 sites in Nigeria and Ghana. Adults aged ≥18 years with spontaneous ICH confirmed with neuroimaging. Demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical features and neuroimaging markers of severity were assessed. The independent risk factors for 30-day mortality were determined using a multivariate logistic regression analysis with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Among 964 patients with ICH, 590 (61.2%) were males with a mean age (SD) of 54.3(13.6) years and a case fatality of 34.3%. Factors associated with 30-day mortality among ICH patients include: Elevated mean National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(mNIHSS);(OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02-1.11), aspiration pneumonitis; (OR 7.17; 95% CI 2.82-18.24), ICH volume > 30mls; OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.02-7.00)) low consumption of leafy vegetables (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15-0.85). CONCLUSION This study identified risk and protective factors associated with 30-day mortality among West Africans with spontaneous ICH. These factors should be further investigated in other populations in Africa to enable the development of ICH mortality predictions models among indigenous Africans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Taofiki Sunmonu
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Akinyemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fred S Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Albert Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kolawole Wahab
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Reginald Obiako
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ezinne Uvere
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Onoja Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Josephine Akpalu
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Akinola Onasanya
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adeniji Olaleye
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Sulaiman Y Isah
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Micheal B Fawale
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Akintunde Adebowale
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Akinkunmi P Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Donna Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | - Abiodun H Bello
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi S Aderibigbe
- Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed O Idowu
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad A Sanusi
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adebimpe Ogunmodede
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Simon A Balogun
- Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Folorunso T Rotimi
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Adeyemi Fredrick
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Andrew O Akinnuoye
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Folu A Adeniyi
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Benedict Calys-Tagoe
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Lambert Appiah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Philip Ibinaiye
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sunday Adeniyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Aliyu Mande
- Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi Balogun
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San-Francisco, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ogunmodede AF, Sanusi AA, Idowu AO, Eke UC, Aderibigbe AS, Fawale MB, Komolafe MA. Challenges to Thrombolysis in A Resource-Poor Setting- A Case Report. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:1378-1382. [PMID: 38266221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
A major complication of acute ischemic stroke is death and disability. The emergence of reperfusion therapy in form of thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy has led to the reversal of this trend in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries are yet to benefit maximally from these time-bound treatment options due to some limitations. We intend to highlight some of these in this report. We report an 80-year-old male patient with hypertension and firstdegree AV block admitted 3 hours after the onset of stroke with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 13 and Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle power grade 3 in both the left upper and lower limb. Urgent non-contrast brain CT revealed no evidence of hemorrhage. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg 9 hours after symptom onset. He made significant improvement afterward and was discharged. The challenges encountered in his management include prehospital and intrahospital delay, and unavailability of tissue plasminogen activator. There is a need for an improved healthcare delivery system in order to reduce the morbidity associated with acute ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Ogunmodede
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - A A Sanusi
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - A O Idowu
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - U C Eke
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - A S Aderibigbe
- Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M B Fawale
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - M A Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Komolafe MA, Idowu AO, Peter ME, Oyinlola HW, Sanusi AA, Balogun SA, Olateju SO, Adebowale AA, Fawale MB, Komolafe EO. Neurocritical Care in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:630-633. [PMID: 37390330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with an estimated 206 million inhabitants served by less than 300 neurologists and 131 neurosurgeons. Neurological conditions account for approximately 18% of all medical emergencies. Neurocritical care challenges in Nigeria are as complex as they are in other low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). These include high burden of neurological diseases, poor pre-hospital care, delays in transfer, lack of neurocritical care equipment, and inadequate rehabilitative capacity. Neurocritical care units in Nigeria offer mostly limited multimodal monitoring due to out-of-pocket payment, and the success of repeat radiological imaging and blood work is low. Data gathering and outcome research in neurocritical conditions can help in clinical decision-making and enhance cost-effective clinical care. The concept of allocation requires that when medical resources are scarce, they must be efficiently utilized in the most judicious way so as to achieve the greatest possible benefit. A high degree of transparency is needed with regard to the principles, values and criteria employed to facilitate such triage decisions. Proper funding will help improve availability of equipment and drugs resulting in a higher quality of care and, subsequently, improvement in mortality. There is ample evidence that neurocritical care improves overall prognosis in neurocritically-ill patients. Neurocritical care units (NCCUs) are mostly unavailable in Nigeria, often resulting in poorer prognosis for patients. What is already known: Nigeria has an unacceptably huge deficit in the overall capacity for neurocritical care. The inadequacies affect a wide range of components - facilities, quantity and quality of personnel, and the unbearably high cost, among others. What this study adds: This article attempts to condense the challenges in one piece while highlighting previously obscure ones, with the aim of providing possible solutions to the lingering challenges in neurocritical care in Nigeria and, invariably, other LMICs. How this study might affect practice, policies or research: We envisage this article will stimulate the initial steps in a multipronged and data-driven approach to bridging the gap by government and relevant healthcare administrators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A O Idowu
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M E Peter
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - H W Oyinlola
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A A Sanusi
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - S A Balogun
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - S O Olateju
- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A A Adebowale
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M B Fawale
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - E O Komolafe
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fawale MB, Adebowale AA, Idowu AO, Balogun SA, Sanusi AA, Komolafe MA. Tramadol-Induced Acute Seizures: A Report of Three Cases. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:90-94. [PMID: 35167199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a rise in substance abuse in Nigeria and prescription drugs, particularly opioid analgesics, which are increasingly becoming a target of abuse. Abuse of the opiod tramadol has the potential to precipitate seizures. We present 3 cases of tramadol-induced seizures presenting at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife. The three patients were men, aged 22-40 years and abused other drugs including alcohol, cannabis and Rohypnol. This report illustrates the fact that tramadol abuse may be associated with acute seizures and it is reasonable to consider drug/opiod-induced seizure in every case of unexplained first episode of seizure in a young adult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Fawale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A A Adebowale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A O Idowu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - S A Balogun
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - A A Sanusi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M A Komolafe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oluyombo R, Akinwusi PO, Olamoyegun MO, Ayodele OE, Fawale MB, Okunola OO, Olanrewaju TO, Akinsola A. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in semi-urban communities in south-western Nigeria. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 27:322-327. [PMID: 27284905 PMCID: PMC5377874 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2016-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to poor socio-economic indices and a high prevalence of infectious diseases, there have been various reports of a rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, with associated morbidity and mortality in developing countries. These factors co-exist, resulting in a synergy, with serious complications, difficult-to-treat conditions and fatal outcomes. Hence this study was conducted to determine the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and its pattern in semi-urban communities in south-western Nigeria. METHODS This was a cross sectional study over seven months in 11 semi-urban communities in south-western Nigeria. RESULTS The total number of participants was 1 285 but only 1 083, with 785 (65%) females, completed the data. Participants were 18 years and older, and 51.2% were over 60 years. The mean age was 55.12 ± 19.85 years. There were 2.6% current cigarette smokers, 22% drank alcohol and 12.2% added salt at the table, while 2% had been told by their doctors they had diabetes, and 23.6% had hypertension. The atherogenic index of plasma was at a high-risk level of 11.1%. Elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were seen in 5.7, 3.7 and 65.1%, respectively. Prevalence of hypertension was 44.9%, diabetes was 5.2%, obesity with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 was 5.7%, and abdominal circumference was 25.7%. Prevalence of clusters of two, three, and four or more risk factors was 23.1, 15.5 and 8.4%, respectively. Increasing age 2.94 (95% CI: 1.30-6.67), BMI 1.18 (95% CI: 1.02-1.37), fasting plasma glucose level 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00-1.05), albuminuria 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00-1.05), systolic blood pressure 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04-1.10), diastolic blood pressure 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00-1.11) and female gender 2.94 (95% CI: 1.30-6.67) showed increased odds of clustering of two or more cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is prevalent in these communities. Patterns of clustering vary. This calls for aggressive and targeted public health interventions to prevent or reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease, as the consequences could be detrimental to the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Oluyombo
- Renal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - P O Akinwusi
- Cardiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - M O Olamoyegun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O E Ayodele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M B Fawale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Okunola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - T O Olanrewaju
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A Akinsola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|