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Berry-Kravis E, Abbeduto L, Hagerman R, Coffey CS, Cudkowicz M, Erickson CA, McDuffie A, Hessl D, Ethridge L, Tassone F, Kaufmann WE, Friedmann K, Bullard L, Hoffmann A, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Staley K, Klements D, Moshinsky M, Harkey B, Long J, Fedler J, Klingner E, Ecklund D, Costigan M, Huff T, Pearson B. Effects of AFQ056 on language learning in fragile X syndrome. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e171723. [PMID: 37651202 PMCID: PMC10904045 DOI: 10.1172/jci171723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDFXLEARN, the first-ever large multisite trial of effects of disease-targeted pharmacotherapy on learning, was designed to explore a paradigm for measuring effects of mechanism-targeted treatment in fragile X syndrome (FXS). In FXLEARN, the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) negative allosteric modulator (NAM) AFQ056 on language learning were evaluated in 3- to 6-year-old children with FXS, expected to have more learning plasticity than adults, for whom prior trials of mGluR5 NAMs have failed.METHODSAfter a 4-month single-blind placebo lead-in, participants were randomized 1:1 to AFQ056 or placebo, with 2 months of dose optimization to the maximum tolerated dose, then 6 months of treatment during which a language-learning intervention was implemented for both groups. The primary outcome was a centrally scored videotaped communication measure, the Weighted Communication Scale (WCS). Secondary outcomes were objective performance-based and parent-reported cognitive and language measures.RESULTSFXLEARN enrolled 110 participants, randomized 99, and had 91 who completed the placebo-controlled period. Although both groups made language progress and there were no safety issues, the change in WCS score during the placebo-controlled period was not significantly different between the AFQ056 and placebo-treated groups, nor were there any significant between-group differences in change in any secondary measures.CONCLUSIONDespite the large body of evidence supporting use of mGluR5 NAMs in animal models of FXS, this study suggests that this mechanism of action does not translate into benefit for the human FXS population and that better strategies are needed to determine which mechanisms will translate from preclinical models to humans in genetic neurodevelopmental disorders.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClincalTrials.gov NCT02920892.FUNDING SOURCESNeuroNEXT network NIH grants U01NS096767, U24NS107200, U24NS107209, U01NS077323, U24NS107183, U24NS107168, U24NS107128, U24NS107199, U24NS107198, U24NS107166, U10NS077368, U01NS077366, U24NS107205, U01NS077179, and U01NS077352; NIH grant P50HD103526; and Novartis IIT grant AFQ056X2201T for provision of AFQ056.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and
| | - Randi Hagerman
- MIND Institute and Department of Pediatrics, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig A. Erickson
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea McDuffie
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and
| | - David Hessl
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and
| | - Lauren Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Flora Tassone
- MIND Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UCD, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Walter E. Kaufmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Lauren Bullard
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communication Disorders and Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Staley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Klements
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Moshinsky
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittney Harkey
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeff Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Janel Fedler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Dixie Ecklund
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michele Costigan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Trevis Huff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brenda Pearson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Post AA, Lafontant DE, McCabe ME, Bayman EO, Dailey DL, Chimenti RL, Costigan M, Franck C, Huff T, Johnson E, Koepp M, Neill-Hudson T, Vance CGT, Van Gorp B, Zimmerman BM, Ecklund D, Crofford LJ, Sluka KA. Movement-Evoked And Resting Pain Are Each Associated With Disease Impact In Individuals With Fibromyalgia. The Journal of Pain 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Wong KH, Day G, Titulaer M, Torner J, Cudkowicz M, Coffey C, Lungu C, Klawiter E, Singleton J, Mitchell D, Fedler J, Ecklund D, Klements D, Costigan M, Clardy S. The ExTINGUISH Trial: A Phase-2B Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Inebilizumab in Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. Neurology 2022. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000903316.50895.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of inebilizumab in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.BackgroundThe lack of approved therapies for NMDAR encephalitis has led to substantial variability in treatment. High-quality data is needed to guide treatment and optimize long-term outcomes in recovering patients. Inebilizumab is a humanized anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody that can be administered intravenously with good CSF penetration and high target engagement. Inebilizumab may be an efficacious treatment for NMDAR encephalitis, with the potential to achieve early robust and sustained suppression of NMDAR autoantibodies and CD19+ plasmablasts and plasma cells leading to better long-term outcomes.Design/MethodsThe ExTINGUISH trial is a Phase 2B randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of inebilizumab 300 mg for the acute treatment of moderate-to-severe NMDAR encephalitis. 120 participants will be enrolled at 20 US and two European sites (Barcelona, Spain; Rotterdam, The Netherlands). All patients will receive standard “first-line” immunotherapies prior to randomization. Cyclophosphamide IV rescue therapy will be provided after 6 weeks to patients who fail to respond to initial treatment. Motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes will be assessed over 96 weeks. Study operations will be supported via the NINDS-supported NeuroNEXT infrastructure.ResultsPrimary outcomes will be ascertained at 16 weeks using the change in modified Rankin scale (adjusted for rescue therapy) and accepted safety measures. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests, bedside cognitive screening tools, and quality of life/ functional indices will be measured across study participation (secondary outcomes). Clinical data will be combined with biofluid biomarkers of immune activation to inform the biologic contributors to outcomes and identify surrogate endpoints that may be used in future clinical trials (tertiary outcomes).ConclusionsExTINGUISH Trial findings will immediately influence patient care, while informing the design and implementation of future clinical trials in autoimmune encephalitis.
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Post AA, Dailey DL, Bayman EO, Chimenti RL, Costigan M, Franck C, Huff T, Johnson E, Koepp M, Lafontant DE, McCabe ME, Neill-Hudson T, Vance CGT, Van Gorp B, Zimmerman BM, Ecklund D, Crofford LJ, Sluka KA. The Fibromyalgia Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Physical Therapy Study Protocol: A Multisite Embedded Pragmatic Trial. Phys Ther 2022; 102:pzac116. [PMID: 36036838 PMCID: PMC10071449 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a nonpharmacological intervention that provides an electrical current through the skin to produce analgesia. The primary purpose of this study is to examine if the addition of TENS to routine physical therapy improves movement-evoked pain in individuals with fibromyalgia in a physical therapy clinical setting. METHODS Fibromyalgia TENS in Physical Therapy Study is a phase III embedded pragmatic clinical trial funded through the National Institutes of Health Helping to End Addiction Long-Term Initiative. This trial will utilize a randomized cluster design that includes more than 110 physical therapists in 24 to 30 physical therapy clinics within 6 health care systems and 7 states. Clinics will be randomized to TENS or No-TENS, stratified by health care system and clinic size. The plan is to enroll 600 participants, with all participants completing physical therapy as prescribed by their physical therapist. Participants at TENS clinics will utilize TENS for a minimum of 2-hour per day while at the physical therapy clinic and at home when active. The primary outcome is reduction in movement-evoked pain from baseline to day 60 on an 11-point numeric rating scale when participants sit and stand 5 times (Sit and Stand Test). Secondary outcomes include resting pain and fatigue, pain interference, fibromyalgia disease activity, movement-evoked fatigue, multidimensional assessment of fatigue, rapid assessment of physical activity, patient global impression of change, and common data elements shared across studies supported through the Helping to End Addiction Long-Term Initiative. IMPACT The findings from this study will provide effectiveness data on TENS for individuals with fibromyalgia for health care policymakers, clinicians, and insurers. Data from this study will also inform future pragmatic trials for nonpharmacological interventions and chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Post
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dana L Dailey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Physical Therapy Department, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, Iowa, USA
| | - Emine O Bayman
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ruth L Chimenti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michele Costigan
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
| | - Carla Franck
- Kepros Physical Therapy, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA
| | - Trevis Huff
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maxine Koepp
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
| | - David-Erick Lafontant
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Megan E McCabe
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tina Neill-Hudson
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
| | - Carol G T Vance
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Barb Van Gorp
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bridget M Zimmerman
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
| | - Dixie Ecklund
- The University of Iowa Clinical Trials Statistical and Data Management Center, Iowa City Iowa, USA
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Bayman EO, Dailey D, Ecklund D, Johnson E, Vance C, Gorp BV, Lafontant DE, McCabe M, Zimmerman B, Koepp M, Costigan M, Chimenti R, Spencer M, Post A, Huff T, Archer K, Neill-Hudson T, Peters R, Nye G, Franck C, Crofford L, Sluka K. Impact of COVID-19 on the Patient Enrollment for a Pragmatic, Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial for Fibromyalgia. The Journal of Pain 2022. [PMCID: PMC9068215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bayman EO, Dailey D, Ecklund D, Johnson EM, Vance CGT, Zimmerman B, Costigan M, Chimenti R, Spencer M, Post A, Huff T, Koepp M, Archer KR, Peters R, Nye G, Franck C, Neill-Hudson T, Crofford L, Sluka K. Impact of COVID-19 on a Pragmatic, Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial for Fibromyalgia. The Journal of Pain 2021. [PMCID: PMC8107403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to present our experience on adapting to the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic on a pragmatic clinical trial. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in Physical Therapy (PT) Study (FM-TIPS) is a pragmatic, cluster-randomized clinical trial examining if the addition of TENS to routine PT improves movement-evoked pain in fibromyalgia (FM). FM patients (n=600) were enrolled from 24 PT clinics (12 PT only, 12 PT with TENS) across five healthcare systems. COVID-19 has significantly impacted PT practice and in-person interactions. In response, all PT clinics saw reduced volumes of patients, some clinics furloughed PTs, and some clinics were permanently closed. This led us to put contracts, reliance agreements, and training of clinics on hold and to seek additional clinics that could fill the gap for those who could no longer participate. It also led to a delay in onboarding healthcare systems and inpatient enrollment. In order to protect the integrity of the study and minimize missing data due to potential restrictions of in-person visits we developed alternative strategies. This includes procedures for home instruction of TENS via telehealth, a plan for bringing on backup clinics, and a plan for training virtually and in-person using personal protective equipment and social distancing. Assessment of primary outcome and questionnaire data were transitioned for the patient to perform at home through a patient-portal with embedded patient-specific videos. We have also set up a phone line for patients to call with additional questions or concerns. The impact of COVID-19 on statistical design and analysis was discussed including a plan for uneven enrollment across clinics and a sub-analysis of data for patients enrolled during or after the pandemic. In conclusion, COVID-19 altered the original study design of this large-pragmatic trial to account for greater flexibility for providers and patients to facilitate continued enrollment. NIH.
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7
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Brownstein MJ, Simon NG, Long JD, Yankey J, Maibach HT, Cudkowicz M, Coffey C, Conwit RA, Lungu C, Anderson KE, Hersch SM, Ecklund DJ, Damiano EM, Itzkowitz DE, Lu S, Chase MK, Shefner JM, McGarry A, Thornell B, Gladden C, Costigan M, O’Suilleabhain P, Marshall FJ, Chesire AM, Deritis P, Adams JL, Hedera P, Lowen K, Rosas HD, Hiller AL, Quinn J, Keith K, Duker AP, Gruenwald C, Molloy A, Jacob C, Factor S, Sperin E, Bega D, Brown ZR, Seeberger LC, Sung VW, Benge M, Kostyk SK, Daley AM, Perlman S, Suski V, Conlon P, Barrett MJ, Lowenhaupt S, Quigg M, Perlmutter JS, Wright BA, Most E, Schwartz GJ, Lamb J, Chuang RS, Singer C, Marder K, Moran JA, Singleton JR, Zorn M, Wall PV, Dubinsky RM, Gray C, Drazinic C. Safety and Tolerability of SRX246, a Vasopressin 1a Antagonist, in Irritable Huntington's Disease Patients-A Randomized Phase 2 Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3682. [PMID: 33207828 PMCID: PMC7696926 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SRX246 is a vasopressin (AVP) 1a receptor antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier. It reduced impulsive aggression, fear, depression and anxiety in animal models, blocked the actions of intranasal AVP on aggression/fear circuits in an experimental medicine fMRI study and demonstrated excellent safety in Phase 1 multiple-ascending dose clinical trials. The present study was a 3-arm, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 12-week, dose escalation study of SRX246 in early symptomatic Huntington's disease (HD) patients with irritability. Our goal was to determine whether SRX246 was safe and well tolerated in these HD patients given its potential use for the treatment of problematic neuropsychiatric symptoms. Participants were randomized to receive placebo or to escalate to 120 mg twice daily or 160 mg twice daily doses of SRX246. Assessments included standard safety tests, the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), and exploratory measures of problem behaviors. The groups had comparable demographics, features of HD and baseline irritability. Eighty-two out of 106 subjects randomized completed the trial on their assigned dose of drug. One-sided exact-method confidence interval tests were used to reject the null hypothesis of inferior tolerability or safety for each dose group vs. placebo. Apathy and suicidality were not affected by SRX246. Most adverse events in the active arms were considered unlikely to be related to SRX246. The compound was safe and well tolerated in HD patients and can be moved forward as a candidate to treat irritability and aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Brownstein
- Azevan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; (N.G.S.); (H.T.M.); (E.M.D.); (D.E.I.); (S.L.)
| | - Neal G. Simon
- Azevan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; (N.G.S.); (H.T.M.); (E.M.D.); (D.E.I.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (D.J.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Jon Yankey
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (D.J.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Hilda T. Maibach
- Azevan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; (N.G.S.); (H.T.M.); (E.M.D.); (D.E.I.); (S.L.)
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.C.); (S.M.H.); (M.K.C.); (B.T.); (C.G.); (H.D.R.)
| | - Christopher Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (D.J.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Robin A. Conwit
- National Institutes of Health, NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (R.A.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Codrin Lungu
- National Institutes of Health, NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA; (R.A.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Karen E. Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Steven M. Hersch
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.C.); (S.M.H.); (M.K.C.); (B.T.); (C.G.); (H.D.R.)
- Voyager Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dixie J. Ecklund
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (D.J.E.); (M.C.)
| | - Eve M. Damiano
- Azevan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; (N.G.S.); (H.T.M.); (E.M.D.); (D.E.I.); (S.L.)
| | - Debra E. Itzkowitz
- Azevan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; (N.G.S.); (H.T.M.); (E.M.D.); (D.E.I.); (S.L.)
| | - Shifang Lu
- Azevan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; (N.G.S.); (H.T.M.); (E.M.D.); (D.E.I.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Marianne K. Chase
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.C.); (S.M.H.); (M.K.C.); (B.T.); (C.G.); (H.D.R.)
| | - Jeremy M. Shefner
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA;
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Andrew McGarry
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA;
| | - Brenda Thornell
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.C.); (S.M.H.); (M.K.C.); (B.T.); (C.G.); (H.D.R.)
| | - Catherine Gladden
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.C.); (S.M.H.); (M.K.C.); (B.T.); (C.G.); (H.D.R.)
| | - Michele Costigan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.D.L.); (J.Y.); (C.C.); (D.J.E.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Frederick J. Marshall
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14618, USA; (F.J.M.); (A.M.C.); (P.D.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Amy M. Chesire
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14618, USA; (F.J.M.); (A.M.C.); (P.D.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Paul Deritis
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14618, USA; (F.J.M.); (A.M.C.); (P.D.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Jamie L. Adams
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14618, USA; (F.J.M.); (A.M.C.); (P.D.); (J.L.A.)
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (P.H.); (K.L.)
| | - Kelly Lowen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (P.H.); (K.L.)
| | - H. Diana Rosas
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.C.); (S.M.H.); (M.K.C.); (B.T.); (C.G.); (H.D.R.)
| | - Amie L. Hiller
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.L.H.); (J.Q.); (K.K.)
| | - Joseph Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.L.H.); (J.Q.); (K.K.)
| | - Kellie Keith
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.L.H.); (J.Q.); (K.K.)
| | - Andrew P. Duker
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (A.P.D.); (C.G.); (A.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Christina Gruenwald
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (A.P.D.); (C.G.); (A.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Angela Molloy
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (A.P.D.); (C.G.); (A.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Cara Jacob
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (A.P.D.); (C.G.); (A.M.); (C.J.)
| | - Stewart Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Elaine Sperin
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Danny Bega
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (D.B.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zsazsa R. Brown
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (D.B.); (Z.B.)
| | - Lauren C. Seeberger
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Victor W. Sung
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (V.W.S.); (M.B)
| | - Melanie Benge
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (V.W.S.); (M.B)
| | - Sandra K. Kostyk
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.K.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Allison M. Daley
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.K.K.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Valerie Suski
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (V.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Patricia Conlon
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (V.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Matthew J. Barrett
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.J.B.); (S.L.); (M.Q.)
| | - Stephanie Lowenhaupt
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.J.B.); (S.L.); (M.Q.)
| | - Mark Quigg
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (M.J.B.); (S.L.); (M.Q.)
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Brenton A. Wright
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Elaine Most
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (J.S.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Guy J. Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (G.J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jessica Lamb
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (G.J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Rosalind S. Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98122, USA;
| | - Carlos Singer
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Karen Marder
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (K.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Joyce A. Moran
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (K.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - John R. Singleton
- Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (J.R.S.); (M.Z.); (P.V.W.)
| | - Meghan Zorn
- Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (J.R.S.); (M.Z.); (P.V.W.)
| | - Paola V. Wall
- Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (J.R.S.); (M.Z.); (P.V.W.)
| | - Richard M. Dubinsky
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.M.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Carolyn Gray
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (R.M.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Carolyn Drazinic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
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8
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Benn SC, Costigan M, Tate S, Fitzgerald M, Woolf CJ. Developmental expression of the TTX-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.8 (SNS) and Nav1.9 (SNS2) in primary sensory neurons. J Neurosci 2001; 21:6077-85. [PMID: 11487631 PMCID: PMC6763192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2001] [Revised: 05/25/2001] [Accepted: 05/31/2001] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of neuronal excitability involves the coordinated expression of different voltage-gated ion channels. We have characterized the expression of two sensory neuron-specific tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel alpha subunits, Na(v)1. (SNS/PN3) and Na(v)1.9 (SNS2/NaN), in developing rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Expression of both Na(v)1.8 and Na(v)1.9 increases with age, beginning at embryonic day (E) 15 and E17, respectively, and reaching adult levels by postnatal day 7. Their distribution is restricted mainly to those subpopulations of primary sensory neurons in developing and adult DRGs that give rise to unmyelinated C-fibers (neurofilament 200 negative). Na(v)1.8 is expressed in a higher proportion of neuronal profiles than Na(v)1.9 at all stages during development, as in the adult. At E17, almost all Na(v)1.8-expressing neurons also express the high-affinity NGF receptor TrkA, and only a small proportion bind to IB4, a marker for c-ret-expressing (glial-derived neurotrophic factor-responsive) neurons. Because IB4 binding neurons differentiate from TrkA neurons in the postnatal period, the proportion of Na(v)1.8 cells that bind to IB4 increases, in parallel with a decrease in the proportion of Na(v)1.8-TrkA co-expressing cells. In contrast, an equal number of Na(v)1.9 cells bind IB4 and TrkA in embryonic life. The differential expression of Na(v)1.8 and Na(v)1.9 in late embryonic development, with their distinctive kinetic properties, may contribute to the development of spontaneous and stimulus-evoked excitability in small diameter primary sensory neurons in the perinatal period and the activity-dependent changes in differentiation they produce.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Blotting, Northern
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/embryology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Immunohistochemistry
- NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
- NAV1.9 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
- Neurons, Afferent/classification
- Neurons, Afferent/cytology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Neuropeptides/drug effects
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- Protein Subunits
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, trkA/analysis
- Receptor, trkA/biosynthesis
- Sodium Channels/drug effects
- Sodium Channels/genetics
- Sodium Channels/metabolism
- Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Benn
- Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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9
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Befort K, Costigan M, Woolf CJ. Differential gene expression--how to find new analgesic targets. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2001; 2:396-8. [PMID: 11575712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Befort
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA
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10
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Delany NS, Hurle M, Facer P, Alnadaf T, Plumpton C, Kinghorn I, See CG, Costigan M, Anand P, Woolf CJ, Crowther D, Sanseau P, Tate SN. Identification and characterization of a novel human vanilloid receptor-like protein, VRL-2. Physiol Genomics 2001; 4:165-74. [PMID: 11160995 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.2001.4.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made recently in identifying a new gene family related to the capsaicin (vanilloid) receptor, VR1. Using a combination of in silico analysis of expressed sequence tag (EST) databases and conventional molecular cloning, we have isolated a novel vanilloid-like receptor, which we call VRL-2, from human kidney. The translated gene shares 46% and 43% identity with VR1 and VRL-1, respectively, and maps to chromosome 12q23-24.1, a locus associated with bipolar affective disorder. VRL-2 mRNA was most strongly expressed in the trachea, kidney, and salivary gland. An affinity-purified antibody against a peptide incorporating the COOH terminal of the receptor localized VRL-2 immunolabel in the distal tubules of the kidney, the epithelial linings of both trachea and lung airways, serous cells of submucosal glands, and mononuclear cells. Unlike VR1 and VRL-1, VRL-2 was not detected in cell bodies of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or sensory nerve fibers. However, VRL-2 was found on sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers, such as those innervating the arrector pili smooth muscle in skin, sweat glands, intestine, and blood vessels. At least four vanilloid receptor-like genes exist, the newest member, VRL-2 is found in airway and kidney epithelia and in the autonomic nervous system.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Cation Transport Proteins
- Cell Line
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Ion Channels
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- Radiation Hybrid Mapping
- Rats
- Receptors, Drug/genetics
- Receptors, Drug/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- TRPV Cation Channels
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Delany
- Genome Informatics and Analysis, Virology and Vaccine Systems, Ion Channel Section, Molecular Recognition, Molecular Genetics, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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11
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Rustom R, Costigan M, Shenkin A, Bone JM. Proteinuria and renal tubular damage: urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and isoenzymes in dissimilar renal disease. Am J Nephrol 2000; 18:179-85. [PMID: 9627032 DOI: 10.1159/000013334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Markers of renal tubular injury are difficult to interpret in patients with proteinura. The 24-hour urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentration was measured in 167 patients with dissimilar renal disease, function, and proteinuria. NAG isoenzymes were also separated in 69 patients, using a modified fast protein liquid chromatography technique. The 'A2' isoenzyme predominated at all levels of renal function and in all diagnostic groups. Urinary NAG and proteinuria were well correlated at all levels of renal function, as was NAG 'A2' isoenzyme. Proteinuria and urinary NAG were similarly correlated in patients with different glomerulonephritides, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and chronic pyelonephritis, but not in those with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rustom
- Regional Renal Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
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12
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Rustom R, Maltby P, Grime JS, Hughes A, Costigan M, Shenkin A, Critchley M, Bone JM. Tubular peptide hypermetabolism and urinary ammonia in chronic renal failure in man: a maladaptive response? Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 79:306-11. [PMID: 9678431 DOI: 10.1159/000045054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive renal tubular peptide uptake and degradation reflecting hypercatabolism may be a maladaptive response in chronic renal failure (CRF). It may also offer an explanation for the increased ammoniagenesis, per surviving nephron, observed in CRF but as yet unexplained. Neither has been explored in man. We have shown in patients with normal renal function and heavy (>5.0 g/24 h) proteinuria that tubular catabolism of a technetium-labelled peptide marker, aprotinin, and urinary ammonia were increased compared to others with less proteinuria. We now measure tubular kinetics of aprotinin and urinary ammonia in 16 CRF patients with variable proteinuria. Metabolism and turnover of aprotinin and ammonia excretion were increased, corrected for glomerular filtration rate, to levels found in patients with normal function and heavy proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rustom
- Regional Renal Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
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13
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Abstract
Our understanding of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain at the molecular and cellular level has developed at an extraordinary rate in recent years. Inflammatory, or neuropathic, neuronal plasticity describes the process by which the neurons involved in pain transmission are converted from a state of normosensitivity to one in which they are hypersensitive. Here we summarize current theories on somatosensory neuroplasticity in a molecular context, highlighting key receptors, ion channels, and signal molecules involved. We also suggest new possibilities for drug design, based on the rational targeting of these molecular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Costigan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestwon, 02129, USA
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14
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Amaya F, Decosterd I, Samad TA, Plumpton C, Tate S, Mannion RJ, Costigan M, Woolf CJ. Diversity of expression of the sensory neuron-specific TTX-resistant voltage-gated sodium ion channels SNS and SNS2. Mol Cell Neurosci 2000; 15:331-42. [PMID: 10845770 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1999.0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential distribution of two tetrodotoxin resistant (TTXr) voltage-gated sodium channels SNS (PN3) and SNS2 (NaN) in rat primary sensory neurons has been investigated. Both channels are sensory neuron specific with SNS2 restricted entirely to those small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells with unmyelinated axons (C-fibers). SNS, in contrast, is expressed both in small C-fiber DRG cells and in 10% of cells with myelinated axons (A-fibers). All SNS expressing A-fiber cells are Trk-A positive and many express the vanilloid-like receptor VRL1. About half of C-fiber DRG neurons express either SNS or SNS2, and in most, the channels are colocalized. SNS and SNS2 are found both in NGF-responsive and GDNF-responsive C-fibers and many of these cells also express the capsaicin receptor VR1. A very small proportion of small DRG cells express either only SNS or only SNS2. At least four different classes of A- and C-fiber DRG neurons exist, therefore, with respect to expression of these sodium channels.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Specificity
- Biomarkers
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/analysis
- Kidney/cytology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
- NAV1.9 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
- Nerve Fibers/chemistry
- Nerve Fibers/physiology
- Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/chemistry
- Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/physiology
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis
- Neurofilament Proteins/analysis
- Neurons, Afferent/chemistry
- Neurons, Afferent/physiology
- Neurons, Afferent/ultrastructure
- Neuropeptides/analysis
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/immunology
- Peripherins
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Drug/analysis
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sodium Channels/analysis
- Sodium Channels/genetics
- Sodium Channels/immunology
- Tetrodotoxin
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Affiliation(s)
- F Amaya
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA
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15
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Lewis SE, Mannion RJ, White FA, Coggeshall RE, Beggs S, Costigan M, Martin JL, Dillmann WH, Woolf CJ. A role for HSP27 in sensory neuron survival. J Neurosci 1999; 19:8945-53. [PMID: 10516313 PMCID: PMC6782783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/1999] [Accepted: 08/06/1999] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury in neonatal rats results in the death of the majority of the axotomized sensory neurons by 7 d after injury. In adult animals, however, all sensory neurons survive for at least 4 months after axotomy. How sensory neurons acquire the capacity to survive axonal injury is not known. Here we describe how the expression of the small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is correlated with neuronal survival after axotomy in vivo and after NGF withdrawal in vitro. The number of HSP27-immunoreactive neurons in the L4 DRG is low at birth and does not change significantly for 21 d after postnatal day 0 (P0) sciatic nerve axotomy. In contrast, in the adult all axotomized neurons begin to express HSP27. One week after P0 sciatic nerve section the total number of neurons in the L4 DRG is dramatically reduced, but all surviving axotomized neurons, as identified by c-jun immunoreactivity, are immunoreactive for HSP27. In addition, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling reveals that very few HSP27-expressing neurons are dying 48 hr after neonatal axotomy. In vitro, a similar correlation exists between HSP27 expression and survival; in P0 DRG cultures, neurons that express HSP27 preferentially survive NGF withdrawal. Finally, overexpression of human HSP27 in neonatal rat sensory and sympathetic neurons significantly increases survival after NGF withdrawal, with nearly twice as many neurons surviving at 48 hr. Together these results suggest that HSP27 in sensory neurons plays a role in promoting survival after axotomy or neurotrophin withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Lewis
- Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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16
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Mannion RJ, Costigan M, Decosterd I, Amaya F, Ma QP, Holstege JC, Ji RR, Acheson A, Lindsay RM, Wilkinson GA, Woolf CJ. Neurotrophins: peripherally and centrally acting modulators of tactile stimulus-induced inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:9385-90. [PMID: 10430952 PMCID: PMC17792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.16.9385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons and transported anterogradely to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where it is located in dense core vesicles in C-fiber terminals. Peripheral inflammation substantially up-regulates BDNF mRNA and protein in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a nerve growth factor-dependent fashion and results in novel expression of BDNF by DRG neurons with myelinated axons. C-fiber electrical activity also increases BDNF expression in the DRG, and both inflammation and activity increase full-length TrkB receptor levels in the dorsal horn. Sequestration of endogenous BDNF/neurotrophin 4 by intraspinal TrkB-Fc fusion protein administration does not, in noninflamed animals, change basal pain sensitivity nor the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by peripheral capsaicin administration, a measure of C fiber-mediated central sensitization. TrkB-Fc administration also does not modify basal inflammatory pain hypersensitivity, but does block the progressive hypersensitivity elicited by low-intensity tactile stimulation of inflamed tissue. BDNF, by virtue of its nerve growth factor regulation in sensory neurons including novel expression in A fibers, has a role as a central modulator of tactile stimulus-induced inflammatory pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Mannion
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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17
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Abstract
Inflammatory pain manifests as spontaneous pain and pain hypersensitivity. Spontaneous pain reflects direct activation of specific receptors on nociceptor terminals by inflammatory mediators. Pain hypersensitivity is the consequence of early posttranslational changes, both in the peripheral terminals of the nociceptor and in dorsal horn neurons, as well as later transcription-dependent changes in effector genes, again in primary sensory and dorsal horn neurons. This inflammatory neuroplasticity is the consequence of a combination of activity-dependent changes in the neurons and specific signal molecules initiating particular signal-transduction pathways. These pathways phosphorylate membrane proteins, changing their function, and activate transcription factors, altering gene expression. Two distinct aspects of sensory neuron function are changed as a result of these processes, basal sensitivity, or the capacity of peripheral stimuli to evoke pain, and stimulus-evoked hypersensitivity, the capacity of certain inputs to generate prolonged alterations in the sensitivity of the system. Posttranslational changes largely alter basal sensitivity. Transcriptional changes both potentiate the system and alter neuronal phenotype. Potentiation occurs as a result of the up-regulation in the dorsal root ganglion of centrally acting neuromodulators and simultaneously in the dorsal horn of their receptors. This means that the response to subsequent inputs is augmented, particularly those that induce stimulus-induced hypersensitivity. Alterations in phenotype includes the acquisition by A fibers of neurochemical features typical of C fibers, enabling these fibers to induce stimulus-evoked hypersensitivity, something only C fiber inputs normally can do. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible provides new opportunities for therapeutic approaches to managing inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Woolf
- Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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18
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Tate S, Benn S, Hick C, Trezise D, John V, Mannion RJ, Costigan M, Plumpton C, Grose D, Gladwell Z, Kendall G, Dale K, Bountra C, Woolf CJ. Two sodium channels contribute to the TTX-R sodium current in primary sensory neurons. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1:653-5. [PMID: 10196578 DOI: 10.1038/3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Costigan M, Mannion RJ, Kendall G, Lewis SE, Campagna JA, Coggeshall RE, Meridith-Middleton J, Tate S, Woolf CJ. Heat shock protein 27: developmental regulation and expression after peripheral nerve injury. J Neurosci 1998; 18:5891-900. [PMID: 9671676 PMCID: PMC6793078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein (HSP) 27 is constitutively expressed at low levels in medium-sized lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in adult rats. Transection of the sciatic nerve results in a ninefold upregulation of HSP27 mRNA and protein in axotomized neurons in the ipsilateral DRG at 48 hr, without equivalent changes in the mRNAs encoding HSP56, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. Dorsal rhizotomy, injuring the central axon of the DRG neuron, does not upregulate HSP27 mRNA levels. After peripheral axotomy, HSP27 mRNA and protein are present in small, medium, and large DRG neurons, and HSP27 protein is transported anterogradely, accumulating in the dorsal horn and dorsal columns of the spinal cord, where it persists for several months. Axotomized motor neurons also upregulate HSP27. Only a minority of cultured adult DRG neurons are HSP27-immunoreactive soon after dissociation, but all express HSP27 after 24 hr in culture with prominent label throughout the neuron, including the growth cone. HSP27 differs from most axonal injury-regulated and growth-associated genes, which are typically present at high levels in early development and downregulated on innervation of their targets, in that its mRNA is first detectable in the DRG late in development and only approaches adult levels by postnatal day 21. In non-neuronal cells, HSP27 has been shown to be involved both in actin filament dynamics and in protection against necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Therefore, its upregulation after adult peripheral nerve injury may both promote survival of the injured neurons and contribute to alterations in the cytoskeleton associated with axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Costigan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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20
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Rustom R, Grime JS, Costigan M, Maltby P, Hughes A, Shenkin A, Critchley M, Bone JM. Proximal renal tubular peptide catabolism, ammonia excretion and tubular injury in patients with proteinuria: before and after lisinopril. Clin Sci (Lond) 1998; 94:425-30. [PMID: 9640348 DOI: 10.1042/cs0940425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Progression to renal failure may be linked to the degree of proteinuria through tubulo-interstitial mechanisms. However, there are no data in man on the kinetics of proximal renal tubular protein catabolism or markers of tubular injury before and after lisinopril. We developed a method to allow such studies, and found increased tubular catabolism of 99mTc-labelled aprotinin (Trasylol) in patients with nephrotic range proteinuria which was associated with increased ammonia excretion. 2. In this study, 10 patients with mild renal impairment (51Cr-EDTA clearance 63.7 +/- 8.3 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2) and heavy proteinuria (8.2 +/- 2.3 g/ 24 h) were given lisinopril (10-20 mg) for 6 weeks. Renal tubular catabolism of intravenous aprotinin was measured before and after lisinopril by renal imaging and urinary excretion of the free radiolabel over 26 h. Fractional degradation was calculated from these data. Fresh timed urine collections were also analysed for ammonia excretion every fortnight from 6 weeks before treatment. Total urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the more tubulo-specific N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase 'A2' isoenzyme were also measured. 3. After lisinopril proteinuria fell significantly as expected (from 9.5 +/- 1.6 to 4.5 +/- 1.0 g/24 h, P < 0.01). This was associated with a reduction in metabolism over 26 h (from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.2 +/- 0.1% dose/h, P < 0.01) and in fractional degradation of aprotinin (from 0.08 +/- 0.02 to 0.04 +/- 0.007/h, P < 0.04). Ammonia excretion also fell significantly (from 1.2 +/- 0.1 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/h, P < 0.0001), as did both total urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (P < 0.0001) and the N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase 'A2' isoenzyme (P < 0.015). These observations after lisinopril treatment have not been described previously. There was no significant change in blood pressure nor in glomerular haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rustom
- Regional Renal Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, U.K
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21
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Rustom R, Grime JS, Costigan M, Maltby P, Hughes A, Taylor W, Shenkin A, Critchley M, Bone JM. Oral sodium bicarbonate reduces proximal renal tubular peptide catabolism, ammoniogenesis, and tubular damage in renal patients. Ren Fail 1998; 20:371-82. [PMID: 9574465 DOI: 10.3109/08860229809045124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is widely used to treat acidosis in patients with renal failure. However, no data are available in man on the effects on proximal renal tubular protein catabolism or markers of tubular injury. We have developed methods to allow such studies, and both increased tubular catabolism of 99mTc-labelled aprotinin (Apr*), as well as tubular damage were found in association with increased ammonia (NH3) excretion in patients with nephrotic range proteinuria. We now examine the effects of reducing renal ammoniogenesis, without altering proteinuria, using oral NaHCO3 in 11 patients with mild/moderate renal impairment and proteinuria. Renal tubular catabolism of Apr* was measured before and after NaHCO3 by renal imaging (Kidney uptake, K% of dose) and urinary excretion of free 99mTcO4- (metabolism, Met% of dose/h) over 26 h. Fractional degradation (Frac) was calculated from Met/K (/h). Fresh urine was also analyzed for NH3 excretion every fortnight from 6/52 before treatment. Total urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucose-aminidase (NAG) and the more tubulo-specific NAG "A2" were measured. 51CrEDTA clearance and 99mTc-MAG 3 TER were also assessed. After NaHCO3 Met over 26 h was significantly reduced (from 1.3 +/- 0.2% of dose/h to 0.9 +/- 0.1% dose/hr, p < 0.005), as was Frac of Apr* (from 0.06 +/- .006/h to 0.04 +/- 0.005/hr, p < 0.003). NH3 excretion also fell significantly (from 0.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/h to 0.2 +/- 0.05 mmol/h, p < 0.007), as did both total urinary NAG (from 169 mumol/24 h, 74-642 mumol/24 h to 79 mumol/ 24 h, 37-393 mumol/24 h, p < 0.01), and the NAG 'A2' isoenzyme (from 81.5 mumol/24 h, 20-472 mumol/24 h to 35.0 mumol/24 h, 6-388 mumol/24 h, p < 0.001). Proteinuria remained unaltered, and there was no change in blood pressure nor in glomerular haemodynamics. Oral NaHCO3 may thus pro-tect the proximal renal tubule and help delay renal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rustom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
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22
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Lundberg J, Nettleman MD, Costigan M, Bentler S, Dawson J, Wenzel RP. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: the cost-effectiveness of long-term therapy associated with infectious diseases consultation. Clin Perform Qual Health Care 1998; 6:9-11. [PMID: 10177050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cost-effectiveness of long-term therapy for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and to determine if an infectious diseases consultation affected the duration of therapy. METHODS A decision analysis was performed based on data from the literature. To determine if consultation was related to therapy duration, a retrospective cohort study was performed using tightly matched pairs. RESULTS The excess cost per life saved by long-term antibiotics was $500,000. The excess cost per life-year saved was $18,000. Nine pairs were matched. Patients who received consultation were more likely to receive long-term therapy than controls (median 41 days vs 15 days for controls, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS The estimated cost per life-year saved by long-term therapy was similar to other accepted medical interventions. Infectious diseases consultation can encourage prolonged duration of antibiotic therapy for S aureus bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lundberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298, USA
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23
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Rock K, Costigan M. The use of the edema bar for the treatment of burn patients. Am J Occup Ther 1996; 50:386-8. [PMID: 8728669 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.50.5.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The edema bar is a new device that therapists can add to their repertoire of treatment approaches for burn patients. This article looks at the challenges therapists encounter while working with burn patients and describes the edema bar's design, its application to the burn rehabilitation process, and the multidisciplinary approach to its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rock
- Lutheran Hospital, LaCrosse, Wisconsin 54601, USA
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24
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Pittet D, Rangel-Frausto S, Li N, Tarara D, Costigan M, Rempe L, Jebson P, Wenzel RP. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: incidence, morbidities and outcomes in surgical ICU patients. Intensive Care Med 1995; 21:302-9. [PMID: 7650252 DOI: 10.1007/bf01705408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis and severe sepsis in surgical ICU patients and define patient characteristics associated with their acquisition and outcome. DESIGN One-month prospective study of critically ill patients with a 28 day in-hospital follow up. SETTING Surgical intensive care unit (SICU) at a tertiary care institution. METHODS All patients (n = 170) admitted to the SICU between April 1 and April 30, 1992 were prospectively followed for 28 days. Daily surveillance was performed by two dedicated, specifically-trained research nurses. Medical and nursing chart reviews were performed, and follow up information at six and twelve months was obtained. RESULTS The in-hospital surveillance represented 2246 patient-days, including 658 ICU patient-days. Overall, 158 patients (93%) had SIRS for an incidence of 542 episodes/1000 patients-days. The incidence of SIRS in the ICU was even higher (840 episodes/1000 patients-days). A total of 83 patients (49%) had sepsis; among them 28 developed severe sepsis. Importantly, 13 patients had severe sepsis after discharge from the ICU. Patient groups were comparable with respect to age, sex ratio, and type of surgery performed. Apache II score on admission to the ICU and ASA score at time of surgery were significantly higher (p < 0.05) only for patients who subsequently developed severe sepsis. The crude mortality at 28 days was 8.2% (14/170); it markedly differed among patient groups: 6% for those with SIRS vs. 35% for patients with severe sepsis. Patients with sepsis and severe sepsis had a longer mean length of ICU stay (2.1 +/- 0.2 and 7.5 +/- 1.5, respectively) than those with SIRS (1.45 +/- 0.1) or control patients (1.16 +/- 0.1). Total length of hospital stay also markedly differed among groups (35 +/- 9 (severe sepsis), 24 +/- 2 (sepsis), 11 +/- 0.8 (SIRS), and 9 +/- 0.1 (controls, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Almost everyone in the SICU had SIRS. Therefore, because of its poor specificity, SIRS was not helpful predicting severe sepsis and septic shock. Patients who developed sepsis or severe sepsis had higher crude mortality and length of stay than those who did not. Studies designed to identify those who develop complications of SIRS would be very useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pittet
- Division of General Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
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25
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Costigan M, Chambers DA, Boot-Handford RP. Collagen turnover in renal disease. Exp Nephrol 1995; 3:114-21. [PMID: 7773630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Costigan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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26
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Define the epidemiology of the four recently classified syndromes describing the biologic response to infection: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. DESIGN Prospective cohort study with a follow-up of 28 days or until discharge if earlier. SETTING Three intensive care units and three general wards in a tertiary health care institution. METHODS Patients were included if they met at least two of the criteria for SIRS: fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, or abnormal white blood cell count. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Development of any stage of the biologic response to infection: sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, end-organ dysfunction, and death. RESULTS During the study period 3708 patients were admitted to the survey units, and 2527 (68%) met the criteria for SIRS. The incidence density rates for SIRS in the surgical, medical, and cardiovascular intensive care units were 857, 804, and 542 episodes per 1000 patient-days, respectively, and 671, 495, and 320 per 1000 patient-days for the medical, cardiothoracic, and general surgery wards, respectively. Among patients with SIRS, 649 (26%) developed sepsis, 467 (18%) developed severe sepsis, and 110 (4%) developed septic shock. The median interval from SIRS to sepsis was inversely correlated with the number of SIRS criteria (two, three, or all four) that the patients met. As the population of patients progressed from SIRS to septic shock, increasing proportions had adult respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, and shock. Positive blood cultures were found in 17% of patients with sepsis, in 25% with severe sepsis, and in 69% with septic shock. There were also stepwise increases in mortality rates in the hierarchy from SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock: 7%, 16%, 20%, and 46%, respectively. Of interest, we also observed equal numbers of patients who appeared to have sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock but who had negative cultures. They had been prescribed empirical antibiotics for a median of 3 days. The cause of the systemic inflammatory response in these culture-negative populations is unknown, but they had similar morbidity and mortality rates as the respective culture-positive populations. CONCLUSIONS This prospective epidemiologic study of SIRS and related conditions provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence of a clinical progression from SIRS to sepsis to severe sepsis and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rangel-Frausto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City
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Happel R, Costigan M, Chicchelly F, Wenzel R, Tangel M. Handheld computers for clinical research data collection. Am J Infect Control 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0196-6553(94)90232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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