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Lambert L, Knight K, Roseman M, Gordon K, Ahn J. Plate Waste Study of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption of Middle School Students. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Roseman M, Lambert L, Knight K, Soifer I, Gordon K. Middle School Students Level of School Lunch Participation Predicts Overall Lunch Experience with Specific Lunch Attributes Associated with Liking Lunch. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Roseman M, Lambert L, Knight K, Soifer I. Parental Opinion of School Lunch Based on Their Middle Schooler’s Level of Participation in the National School Lunch Program. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Turner K, Carboni-Jiménez A, Benea C, Elder K, Levis B, Boruff J, Roseman M, Bero L, Lexchin J, Turner EH, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. Reporting of drug trial funding sources and author financial conflicts of interest in Cochrane and non-Cochrane meta-analyses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035633. [PMID: 32398334 PMCID: PMC7229983 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To (1) investigate the extent to which recently published meta-analyses report trial funding, author-industry financial ties and author-industry employment from included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), comparing Cochrane and non-Cochrane meta-analyses; (2) examine characteristics of meta-analyses independently associated with reporting funding sources of included RCTs; and (3) compare reporting among recently published Cochrane meta-analyses to Cochrane reviews published in 2010. DESIGN Review of consecutive sample of recently published meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE database via PubMed searched on 19 October 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING ARTICLES We selected the 250 most recent meta-analyses listed in PubMed that included a documented search of at least one database, statistically combined results from ≥2 RCTs and evaluated the effects of a drug or class of drugs. RESULTS 90 of 107 (84%) Cochrane meta-analyses reported funding sources for some or all included trials compared with 21 of 143 (15%) non-Cochrane meta-analyses, a difference of 69% (95% CI 59% to 77%). Percent reporting was also higher for Cochrane meta-analyses compared with non-Cochrane meta-analyses for trial author-industry financial ties (44% versus 1%; 95% CI for difference 33% to 52%) and employment (17% versus 1%; 95% CI for difference 9% to 24%). In multivariable analysis, compared with Cochrane meta-analyses, the odds ratio (OR) for reporting trial funding was ≤0.11 for all other journal category and impact factor combinations. Compared with Cochrane reviews from 2010, reporting of funding sources of included RCTs among recently published Cochrane meta-analyses improved by 54% (95% CI 42% to 63%), and reporting of trial author-industry financial ties and employment improved by 37% (95% CI 26% to 47%) and 10% (95% CI 2% to 19%). CONCLUSIONS Reporting of trial funding sources, trial author-industry financial ties and trial author-industry employment in Cochrane meta-analyses has improved since 2010 and is higher than in non-Cochrane meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Turner
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Carboni-Jiménez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carla Benea
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katharine Elder
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brooke Levis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jill Boruff
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michelle Roseman
- Kingsway Medical Centre Family Health Organization, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Bero
- Charles Perkins Centre/Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joel Lexchin
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erick H Turner
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Benea C, Turner KA, Roseman M, Bero LA, Lexchin J, Turner EH, Thombs BD. Reporting of financial conflicts of interest in meta-analyses of drug trials published in high-impact medical journals: comparison of results from 2017 to 2018 and 2009. Syst Rev 2020; 9:77. [PMID: 32268911 PMCID: PMC7140556 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study found that 2 of 29 (6.9%) meta-analyses published in high-impact journals in 2009 reported included drug trials' funding sources, and none reported trial authors' financial conflicts of interest (FCOIs) or industry employment. It is not known if reporting has improved since 2009. Our objectives were to (1) investigate the extent to which pharmaceutical industry funding and author-industry FCOIs and employment from included drug trials are reported in meta-analyses published in high-impact journals and (2) compare current reporting with results from 2009. METHODS We searched PubMed (January 2017-October 2018) for systematic reviews with meta-analyses including ≥ 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patented drugs. We included 3 meta-analyses published January 2017-October 2018 from each of 4 high-impact general medicine journals, high-impact journals from 5 specialty areas, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as in the previous study. RESULTS Among 29 meta-analyses reviewed, 13 of 29 (44.8%) reported the funding source of included trials compared to 2 of 29 (6.9%) in 2009, a difference of 37.9% (95% confidence interval, 15.7 to 56.3%); this included 7 of 11 (63.6%) from general medicine journals, 3 of 15 (20.0%) from specialty medicine journals, and 3 of 3 (100%) Cochrane reviews. Only 2 of 29 meta-analyses (6.9%) reported trial author FCOIs, and none reported trial author-industry employment. PROTOCOL PUBLICATION A protocol was uploaded to the Open Science Framework prior to initiating the study. https://osf.io/8xt5p/ LIMITATIONS: We examined only a relatively small number of meta-analyses from selected high-impact journals and compared results to a similarly small sample from an earlier time period. CONCLUSIONS Reporting of drug trial sponsorship and author FCOIs in meta-analyses published in high-impact journals has increased since 2009 but is still suboptimal. Standards on reporting of trial funding described in the forthcoming revised PRISMA statement should be adapted and enforced by journals to improve reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Benea
- Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Cote Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4 Canada
| | - Kimberly A. Turner
- Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Cote Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Michelle Roseman
- Kingsway Medical Centre Family Health Organization, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Lisa A. Bero
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales Australia
| | - Joel Lexchin
- School of Health Policy and Management, York University, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- Emergency Department, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Erick H. Turner
- Behavioral Health and Neurosciences Division, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon USA
| | - Brett D. Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Cote Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
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Roseman M, Saadat N, Riehm KE, Kloda LA, Boruff J, Ickowicz A, Baltzer F, Katz LY, Patten SB, Rousseau C, Thombs BD. Depression Screening and Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Can J Psychiatry 2017; 62:813-817. [PMID: 28851234 PMCID: PMC5714120 DOI: 10.1177/0706743717727243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression screening among children and adolescents is controversial. In 2009, the United States Preventive Services Task Force first recommended routine depression screening for adolescents, and this recommendation was reiterated in 2016. However, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of screening were identified in the original 2009 systematic review or in an updated review through February 2015. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a current evaluation to determine whether there is evidence from RCTs that depression screening in childhood and adolescence improves depression outcomes. METHOD Data sources included the MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL and LILACS databases searched February 2, 2017. Eligible studies had to be RCTs that compared depression outcomes between children or adolescents aged 6 to 18 years who underwent depression screening and those who did not. RESULTS Of 552 unique title/abstracts, none received full-text review. No RCTs that investigated the effects of screening on depression outcomes in children or adolescents were identified. CONCLUSIONS There is no direct RCT evidence that supports depression screening among children and adolescents. Groups that consider recommending screening should carefully consider potential harms, as well as the use of scarce health resources, that would occur with the implementation of screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Roseman
- 1 Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario
| | - Nazanin Saadat
- 2 Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec
| | - Kira E Riehm
- 2 Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec
| | | | - Jill Boruff
- 4 Schulich Library of Science and Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Abel Ickowicz
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Franziska Baltzer
- 6 Montréal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec.,7 Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Laurence Y Katz
- 8 Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg
| | - Scott B Patten
- 9 Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Cécile Rousseau
- 10 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
| | - Brett D Thombs
- 2 Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec.,10 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec.,11 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec.,12 Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec.,13 Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec.,14 Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
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Roseman M, Kloda LA, Saadat N, Riehm KE, Ickowicz A, Baltzer F, Katz LY, Patten SB, Rousseau C, Thombs BD. Accuracy of Depression Screening Tools to Detect Major Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Can J Psychiatry 2016; 61:746-757. [PMID: 27310247 PMCID: PMC5564894 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716651833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression screening among children and adolescents is controversial, and no clinical trials have evaluated benefits and harms of screening programs. A requirement for effective screening is a screening tool with demonstrated high accuracy. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of depression screening instruments to detect major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents. METHOD Data sources included the MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE, PsycINFO, HaPI, and LILACS databases from 2006 to September 30, 2015. Eligible studies compared a depression screening tool to a validated diagnostic interview for MDD and reported accuracy data for children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years. Risk of bias was assessed with QUADAS-2. RESULTS We identified 17 studies with data on 20 depression screening tools. Few studies examined the accuracy of the same screening tools. Cut-off scores identified as optimal were inconsistent across studies. Width of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sensitivity ranged from 9% to 55% (median 32%), and only 1 study had a lower bound 95% CI ≥80%. For specificity, 95% CI width ranged from 2% to 27% (median 9%), and 3 studies had a lower bound ≥90%. Methodological limitations included small sample sizes, exploratory data analyses to identify optimal cut-offs, and the failure to exclude children and adolescents already diagnosed or treated for depression. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence that any depression screening tool and cut-off accurately screens for MDD in children and adolescents. Screening could lead to overdiagnosis and the consumption of scarce health care resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Roseman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
| | | | - Nazanin Saadat
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Kira E. Riehm
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Abel Ickowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Franziska Baltzer
- Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | | | | | | | - Brett D. Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
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Thombs BD, Ziegelstein RC, Roseman M, Kloda LA, Ioannidis JPA. There are no randomized controlled trials that support the United States Preventive Services Task Force Guideline on screening for depression in primary care: a systematic review. BMC Med 2014; 12:13. [PMID: 24472580 PMCID: PMC3922694 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening adults for depression in primary care settings when staff-assisted depression management programs are available. This recommendation, however, is based on evidence from depression management programs conducted with patients already identified as depressed, even though screening is intended to identify depressed patients not already recognized or treated. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate whether there is evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that depression screening benefits patients in primary care, using an explicit definition of screening. METHODS We re-evaluated RCTs included in the 2009 USPSTF evidence review on depression screening, including only trials that compared depression outcomes between screened and non-screened patients and met the following three criteria: determined patient eligibility and randomized prior to screening; excluded patients already diagnosed with a recent episode of depression or already being treated for depression; and provided the same level of depression treatment services to patients identified as depressed in the screening and non-screening trial arms. We also reviewed studies included in a recent Cochrane systematic review, but not the USPSTF review; conducted a focused search to update the USPSTF review; and reviewed trial registries. RESULTS Of the nine RCTs included in the USPSTF review, four fulfilled none of three criteria for a test of depression screening, four fulfilled one of three criteria, and one fulfilled two of three criteria. There were two additional RCTs included only in the Cochrane review, and each fulfilled one of three criteria. No eligible RCTs were found via the updated review. CONCLUSIONS The USPSTF recommendation to screen adults for depression in primary care settings when staff-assisted depression management programs are available is not supported by evidence from any RCTs that are directly relevant to the recommendation. The USPSTF should re-evaluate this recommendation. Please see related article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/14 REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (#CRD42013004276).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Thombs
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Meijer A, Roseman M, Delisle VC, Milette K, Levis B, Syamchandra A, Stefanek ME, Stewart DE, de Jonge P, Coyne JC, Thombs BD. Effects of screening for psychological distress on patient outcomes in cancer: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2013; 75:1-17. [PMID: 23751231 PMCID: PMC3833882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several practice guidelines recommend routine screening for psychological distress in cancer care. The objective was to evaluate the effect of screening cancer patients for psychological distress by assessing the (1) effectiveness of interventions to reduce distress among patients identified as distressed; and (2) effects of screening for distress on distress outcomes. METHODS CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, ISI, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched through April 6, 2011 with manual searches of 45 relevant journals, reference list review, citation tracking of included articles, and trial registry reviews through June 30, 2012. Articles in any language on cancer patients were included if they (1) compared treatment for patients with psychological distress to placebo or usual care in a randomized controlled trial (RCT); or (2) assessed the effect of screening on psychological distress in a RCT. RESULTS There were 14 eligible RCTs for treatment of distress, and 1 RCT on the effects of screening on patient distress. Pharmacological, psychotherapy and collaborative care interventions generally reduced distress with small to moderate effects. One study investigated effects of screening for distress on psychological outcomes, and it found no improvement. CONCLUSION Treatment studies reported modest improvement in distress symptoms, but only a single eligible study was found on the effects of screening cancer patients for distress, and distress did not improve in screened patients versus those receiving usual care. Because of the lack of evidence of beneficial effects of screening cancer patients for distress, it is premature to recommend or mandate implementation of routine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meijer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Roseman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Vanessa C. Delisle
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Katherine Milette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Brooke Levis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Achyuth Syamchandra
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael E. Stefanek
- Office of Research Administration, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Donna E. Stewart
- Women’s Health Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Departments of Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Family and Community Medicine, Medicine, Surgery and Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James C. Coyne
- Behavioral Oncology Program, Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Health Psychology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brett D. Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada,School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
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Thombs BD, Roseman M, Coyne JC, de Jonge P, Delisle VC, Arthurs E, Levis B, Ziegelstein RC. Does evidence support the American Heart Association's recommendation to screen patients for depression in cardiovascular care? An updated systematic review. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52654. [PMID: 23308116 PMCID: PMC3538724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To systematically review evidence on depression screening in coronary heart disease (CHD) by assessing the (1) accuracy of screening tools; (2) effectiveness of treatment; and (3) effect of screening on depression outcomes. Background A 2008 American Heart Association (AHA) Science Advisory recommended routine depression screening in CHD. Methods CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, ISI, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS databases searched through December 2, 2011; manual journal searches; reference lists; citation tracking; trial registries. Included articles (1) compared a depression screening instrument to a depression diagnosis; (2) compared depression treatment to placebo or usual care in a randomized controlled trial (RCT); or (3) assessed the effect of screening on depression outcomes in a RCT. Results There were few examples of screening tools with good sensitivity and specificity using a priori-defined cutoffs in more than one patient sample among 15 screening accuracy studies. Depression treatment with antidepressants or psychotherapy generated modest symptom reductions among post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) and stable CHD patients (N = 6; effect size = 0.20–0.38), but antidepressants did not improve symptoms more than placebo in 2 heart failure (HF) trials. Depression treatment did not improve cardiac outcomes. No RCTs investigated the effects of screening on depression outcomes. Conclusions There is evidence that treatment of depression results in modest improvement in depressive symptoms in post-MI and stable CHD patients, although not in HF patients. There is still no evidence that routine screening for depression improves depression or cardiac outcomes. The AHA Science Advisory on depression screening should be revised to reflect this lack of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Thombs
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Depression is an important cause of disability among children and adolescents. Depression screening is one possible method for managing depression, and screening programs have been initiated in some school and medical settings. However, in 2005, the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care and the United Kingdom National Institute of Clinical Excellence did not recommend depression screening among children and adolescents. By contrast, in 2009, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommended that all adolescents, but not younger children, be screened for depression in medical settings with integrated depression management services, although no trials of screening were identified. The objectives of this systematic review are to evaluate in children and adolescents the accuracy of depression screening tools; depression treatment efficacy; whether depression screening improves depression outcomes; and potential harms related to depression interventions and screening. METHODS/DESIGN Data sources will include the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, LILACS and Web of Science, supplemented by reference harvesting of eligible articles, relevant systematic reviews, relevant guidelines and recommendations, and selected journals, and by searches for unpublished studies. Eligible studies will report data for children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years. Eligible diagnostic accuracy studies must compare a depression screening tool to a validated diagnostic interview for major depressive disorder and report diagnostic accuracy data. Eligible treatment studies must be randomized controlled trials of pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, or other depression treatments commonly available for children and adolescents in pediatric, primary-care, and family medicine settings. Eligible screening studies must be randomized controlled trials that compare depression outcomes between children or adolescents who underwent depression screening versus those who did not. Studies of harms will include randomized controlled trials and observational studies that evaluate harms from depression screening or treatment. Two investigators will independently review titles and abstracts, followed by full article review. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus. Two investigators will independently extract the data, with discrepancies resolved via consensus. DISCUSSION The proposed systematic review will determine whether there is sufficient evidence of benefits in excess of harms and costs to support screening for depression in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Thombs
- Jewish General Hospital, Institute for Community and Family Psychiatry, 4333 Cote Ste Catherine Road, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E4, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle Roseman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the degree to which Cochrane reviews of drug interventions published in 2010 reported conflicts of interest from included trials and, among reviews that reported this information, where it was located in the review documents. DESIGN Cross sectional study. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Systematic reviews of drug interventions published in 2010 in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, with review content classified as up to date in 2008 or later and with results from one or more randomised controlled trials. RESULTS Of 151 included Cochrane reviews, 46 (30%, 95% confidence interval 24% to 38%) reported information on the funding sources of included trials, including 30 (20%, 14% to 27%) that reported information on trial funding for all included trials and 16 (11%, 7% to 17%) that reported for some, but not all, trials. Only 16 of the 151 Cochrane reviews (11%, 7% to 17%) provided any information on trial author-industry financial ties or trial author-industry employment. Information on trial funding and trial author-industry ties was reported in one to seven locations within each review, with no consistent reporting location observed. CONCLUSIONS Most Cochrane reviews of drug trials published in 2010 did not provide information on trial funding sources or trial author-industry financial ties or employment. When this information was reported, location of reporting was inconsistent across reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Roseman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1E4
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13
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Meijer A, Roseman M, Milette K, Coyne JC, Stefanek ME, Ziegelstein RC, Arthurs E, Leavens A, Palmer SC, Stewart DE, de Jonge P, Thombs BD. Depression screening and patient outcomes in cancer: a systematic review. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27181. [PMID: 22110613 PMCID: PMC3215716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several practice guidelines recommend screening for depression in cancer care, but no systematic reviews have examined whether there is evidence that depression screening benefits cancer patients. The objective was to evaluate the potential benefits of depression screening in cancer patients by assessing the (1) accuracy of depression screening tools; (2) effectiveness of depression treatment; and (3) effect of depression screening, either alone or in the context of comprehensive depression care, on depression outcomes. Methods Data sources were CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, ISI, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS databases through January 24, 2011; manual journal searches; reference lists; citation tracking; trial registry reviews. Articles on cancer patients were included if they (1) compared a depression screening instrument to a valid criterion for major depressive disorder (MDD); (2) compared depression treatment with placebo or usual care in a randomized controlled trial (RCT); (3) assessed the effect of screening on depression outcomes in a RCT. Results There were 19 studies of screening accuracy, 1 MDD treatment RCT, but no RCTs that investigated effects of screening on depression outcomes. Screening accuracy studies generally had small sample sizes (median = 17 depression cases) and used exploratory methods to set sample-specific cutoff scores that varied substantially across studies. A nurse-delivered intervention for MDD reduced depressive symptoms moderately (effect size = 0.37). Conclusions The one treatment study reviewed reported modest improvement in depressive symptoms, but no evidence was found on whether or not depression screening in cancer patients, either alone or in the context of optimal depression care, improves depression outcomes compared to usual care. Depression screening in cancer should be evaluated in a RCT in which all patients identified as depressed, either through screening or via physician recognition and referral in a control group, have access to comprehensive depression care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meijer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Roseman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
| | - Katherine Milette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
| | - James C. Coyne
- Behavioral Oncology Program, Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Health Psychology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael E. Stefanek
- Office of Research Administration, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Roy C. Ziegelstein
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erin Arthurs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Allison Leavens
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven C. Palmer
- LIVESTRONG Survivorship Center of Excellence, Cancer Control, and Outcomes, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna E. Stewart
- Women's Health Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Family and Community Medicine, Medicine, Surgery and Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brett D. Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
CONTEXT Disclosure of conflicts of interest (COIs) from pharmaceutical industry study funding and author-industry financial relationships is sometimes recommended for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in biomedical journals. Authors of meta-analyses, however, are not required to report COIs disclosed in original reports of included RCTs. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether meta-analyses of pharmacological treatments published in high-impact biomedical journals report COIs disclosed in included RCTs. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION We selected the 3 most recent meta-analyses of patented pharmacological treatments published January 2009 through October 2009 in each general medicine journal with an impact factor of at least 10; in high-impact journals in each of the 5 specialty medicine areas with the greatest 2008 global therapeutic sales (oncology, cardiology, respiratory medicine, endocrinology, and gastroenterology); and in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data on disclosed study funding, author-industry financial ties, and author employment from each meta-analysis, from RCTs included in each meta-analysis, and on whether meta-analyses reported disclosed COIs of included RCTs. RESULTS Of 29 meta-analyses reviewed, which included 509 RCTs, only 2 meta-analyses (7%) reported RCT funding sources; and 0 reported RCT author-industry ties or employment by the pharmaceutical industry. Of 318 meta-analyzed RCTs that reported funding sources, 219 (69%) were industry funded; and 91 of 132 (69%) that reported author financial disclosures had 1 or more authors with pharmaceutical industry financial ties. In 7 of the 29 meta-analyses reviewed, 100% of included RCTs had at least 1 form of disclosed COI (pharmaceutical industry funding, author-industry financial ties, or employment), yet only 1 of these 7 meta-analyses reported RCT funding sources, and 0 reported RCT author-industry ties or employment. CONCLUSION Among a group of meta-analyses of pharmacological treatments published in high-impact biomedical journals, information concerning primary study funding and author COIs for the included RCTs were only rarely reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Roseman
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Milette K, Roseman M, Thombs BD. Transparency of outcome reporting and trial registration of randomized controlled trials in top psychosomatic and behavioral health journals: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2011; 70:205-17. [PMID: 21334491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most reliable evidence for evaluating healthcare interventions comes from well-designed and conducted randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The extent to which published RCTs reflect the efficacy of interventions, however, depends on the completeness and accuracy of published results. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement, initially developed in 1996, provides guidelines intended to improve the transparency of published RCT reports. A policy of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, initiated in 2005, requires clinical trials published in member journals to be registered in publicly accessible registries prior to patient enrollment. The objective of this study was to assess the clarity of outcome reporting, proportion of registered trials, and adequacy of outcome registration in RCTs published in top behavioral health journals. METHODS Eligible studies were primary or secondary reports of RCTs published in Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Health Psychology, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, and Psychosomatic Medicine from January 2008 to September 2009. Data were extracted for each study on adequacy of outcome reporting and registration. RESULTS Of 63 articles reviewed, only 25 (39.7%) had adequately declared primary or secondary outcomes, whereas 38 (60.3%) had multiple primary outcomes or did not define outcomes. Only 13 studies (20.6%) were registered. Only 1 study registered sufficiently precise outcome information to compare with published outcomes, and registered and published outcomes were discrepant in that study. CONCLUSION Greater attention to outcome reporting and trial registration by researchers, peer reviewers, and journal editors will increase the likelihood that effective behavioral health interventions are readily identified and made available to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Milette
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Knäuper B, McCollam A, Rosen-Brown A, Lacaille J, Kelso E, Roseman M. Fruitful plans: adding targeted mental imagery to implementation intentions increases fruit consumption. Psychol Health 2011; 26:601-17. [PMID: 21337259 DOI: 10.1080/08870441003703218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Forming implementation intentions ('If I encounter situation X, then I will perform behaviour Y!') increases the probability of carrying out goals. This study tested the hypothesis that mental imagery targeting key elements of implementation intentions further increases goal achievement. The residents of a student residence were assigned the goal of consuming extra portions of fruit every day for 7 days and randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control (active rehearsal), implementation intentions, goal intention mental imagery or mental imagery targeted to the implementation intentions. Among low fruit consumers, but not high fruit consumers, fruit consumption at follow-up was higher in the targeted mental imagery group than in the other group, with the lowest fruit consumption in the control group. The findings suggest that it may be beneficial to use targeted mental imagery when forming implementation intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1B1, Canada.
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Roseman M, Milette K, Zhao Y, Thombs BD. Is Optimism Associated with Physical Health? A Commentary on Rasmussen et al. Ann Behav Med 2010; 39:204-6; author reply 207-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-010-9159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Lewin W, Knäuper B, Roseman M, Adler P, Malus M. Detecting and addressing adolescent issues and concerns: evaluating the efficacy of a primary care previsit questionnaire. Can Fam Physician 2009; 55:742-743.e7434. [PMID: 19602665 PMCID: PMC2718610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of a previsit questionnaire (PVQ), implemented without formal training, that was designed to screen for biomedical and psychosocial health issues and concerns among adolescent patients in a hospital-based primary care clinic, and to examine the subsequent action taken for health issues and concerns identified with the PVQ. DESIGN Retrospective review of adolescent medical charts, using a pre-post design. SETTING An outpatient primary care clinic located in an urban teaching hospital in Montreal, Que. PARTICIPANTS A total of 210 adolescent patients aged 13 to 19 who visited the clinic between 2000 and 2004. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The type (medical vs psychosocial) and number of issues detected and actions taken by physicians in one-to-one consultations with adolescent patients 2 years before (2000-2002) and 2 years after (2002-2004) PVQ implementation, as noted in the patients' medical charts. RESULTS In total, 105 charts were reviewed for each group. An increase in the number of psychosocial issues was detected following the introduction of the PVQ. An increase in the frequency of action taken for psychosocial concerns and a decrease in the frequency of medical action taken by physicians were found after PVQ implementation. More notations related to psychosocial concerns were also found in the adolescents' charts after introduction of the PVQ. CONCLUSION A PVQ is an effective strategy to improve adolescent screening for psychosocial issues and concerns. Implementing such a questionnaire requires no training and can therefore be easily incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Lewin
- McGill University, Department of Psychology, 1205 Dr Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1
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20
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Kasymjanova G, MacDonald N, Roseman M, Kreisman H, Pepe C, Agulnik JS, Gagnon B, Small D. Anatomic response correlation with biological response. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8092 Background: Chronic systemic inflammation is a well recognized strong adverse prognostic factor in advanced NSCLC. We have previously identified that in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC the presence of elevated C-reactive protein is associated with early progression of the disease and reduction in median survival. Little is known, however, about CRP behavior over time and its correlation with response to chemotherapy and survival. Methods: Newly diagnosed NSCLC with IIIB/IV disease had CRP measured prior to 1st treatment and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy between February 2005 and September 2008. For each measure CRP level was categorized as < 10mg/L or ≥10mg/L. Response was evaluated by chest CT following two cycles of CTX and rated as progression (PD) or freedom from progression (FFP). We investigated the association between change in CRP and response to 2 cycles of CTX, as well as survival. Results: 143 pts were enrolled. Of those, 62 patients had a CRP level <10mg/L and 81 patients ≥10mg/L at the time of diagnosis. After 2 cycles 70% and 72% of pts in each category remained in the same category and 30% and 28% of patients changed category: in 24/81 pts CRP decreased below 10mg/L and in 17/62 pts CRP increased above 10mg/L. Thus, after two cycles 69 pts had CRP <10mg/L and 74 pts ≥10mg/L. The rate of progression after 2 cycles was significantly lower among pts with CRP <10mg/L after 2 cycles of chemo ( Table ). Median survival was 19 (16–22) mo for those with CRP <10mg/L and 9.3 (7.1–11.4) mo for those with CRP ≥10mg/L after 2 cycles (P<0.001). The hazard increased by 66% (HR 1.7) for those pts with CRP increased above cut-off point of 10 mg/L and decreased by 60% (HR 1.6) for pts whose CRP decreased below cutoff point. Conclusions: The presence of an inflammatory state expressed by high levels of CRP either prior to treatment or following 2 cycles of chemotherapy correlates significantly with both first-line chemotherapy response and survival. Normalization of CRP might improve the prognosis of patients in terms of survival and response to chemotherapy. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kasymjanova
- SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N. MacDonald
- SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M. Roseman
- SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H. Kreisman
- SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C. Pepe
- SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J. S. Agulnik
- SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B. Gagnon
- SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D. Small
- SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
e22063 Background: Over the past decade, dozens of studies have shown that metformin not only decreases mortality in diabetics, it also significantly reduces CRP and reduces the risks of cancer in rodent and human cell lines. We report on the survival of lung cancer patients concomitantly exposed to metformin in our community-based program. Methods: 850 patients undergoing treatment from a prospectively collected pulmonary oncology database of the SMBD-Jewish General Hospital over an 8-year period were analyzed. Pilot observational study of survival was performed using Cox regression model. The factors that were included in the model were age, gender, stage, histology and metformin use. Results: 850 patients (F: M=375:475; mean age of 66) were diagnosed since 2000 and followed in pulmonary oncology outpatient clinic for NSCLC. 523 (62%) of those patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma; 488 (57%) were stage IIIB with pleural effusion/IV. 79(9%) patients were receiving treatment with metformin for their comorbid type 2 diabetes. The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that age, gender, stage and use of metformin were significant prognostic factors for survival. The use of metformin is associated with a 37% (HR 1.37; CI 1.01–1.84) (p=0.039) increase in survival. Conclusions: Thus, the result obtained from our model suggests that use of metformin may be associated with better survival of lung cancer patients. As this is a pilot study, we will consider alternative explanations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Gagnon
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M. Roseman
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G. Kasymjanova
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N. MacDonald
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - H. Kreisman
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D. Small
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; SMBD - Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Steinberg T, Roseman M, Kasymjanova G, Dobson S, Lajeunesse L, Dajczman E, Kreisman H, MacDonald N, Agulnik J, Cohen V, Rosberger Z, Chasen M, Small D. Prevalence of emotional distress in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2009; 17:1493-7. [PMID: 19343372 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-009-0614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
GOALS OF WORK Distress is defined by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network as a multifactorial unpleasant emotional experience of a psychological, social, and/or spiritual nature that may interfere with the ability to cope effectively with cancer. We investigated the prevalence and associated symptoms of distress in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between November 2005 and July 2007, 98 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients completed an assessment. The Distress Thermometer (DT) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were used as screening tools. MAIN RESULTS Fifty (51%) patients reported clinically significant distress (>or=4) on the DT. Of those, 26 (52%) patients reported high levels of depression, nervousness, or both on ESAS. The remaining 24 (48%) patients had elevated levels of distress but no significant depression or nervousness. A correlation between the DT and the total ESAS score was observed (Pearson correlation = 0.46). The ten items of the ESAS together explained 46% of the variability in DT scores. The depression and nervousness ESAS items were significant predictors of DT score (p < 0.01 for both items). However, once the two psychosocial items, depression and nervousness, were removed from the total ESAS score, leaving only physical symptoms and the sleeplessness item, the predictive power of the model decreased to R(2) = 0.12. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of distress in lung cancer patients is high. The DT appears to discriminate between physical and emotional distress. This easily measured score may determine which patients require further intervention for emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Steinberg
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
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Roseman M. Of selves and souls, bodies and persons, individuals and societies: a commentary on Donald Pollock's "Personhood and illness among the Kulina". Med Anthropol Q 1996; 10:342-6; discussion 376-8. [PMID: 8873022 DOI: 10.1525/maq.1996.10.3.02a00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Roseman
- Department of Music, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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Cutter GR, Chalmers RL, Roseman M. The clinical presentation, prevalence, and risk factors of focal corneal infiltrates in soft contact lens wearers. CLAO J 1996; 22:30-7. [PMID: 8835066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the clinical presentation, prevalence, and associated risk factors for focal corneal infiltrates with overlying fluorescein staining in a population of soft contact lens wearers. METHODS We measured the prevalence of focal stromal infiltrates with overlying fluorescein staining among contact lens wearers in a large cross-sectional, masked, multicenter study. RESULTS The practice-based occurrence of infiltrates with overlying staining was 1.6%, or 38 of 2,324 patients examined. The events were milder than those reported in studies conducted in specialty eye care centers; were usually noted during unscheduled office visits; and were accompanied by symptoms of redness, photophobia, pain, and foreign body sensation. The infiltrates were located in all corneal zones, with 44.7% of the infiltrates involving the central zone, none of which caused significant loss of acuity at follow-up. The risk factors of overnight wear, lens modality (e.g., conventional, disposable), and smoking have been confirmed. Overnight wear showed a prevalence ratio of 1.88 compared with daily wear (P < 0.055, chi-square); lens modality showed an increased risk for disposables compared with conventional lenses of 2.1 (P = 0.036, chi-square). Smoking was associated with an increased prevalence of events; 1.2% of "never" and 2.2% and 2.4% of "former" and "current" smokers, respectively, experienced an infiltrate, for a prevalence ratio of 2.0 (P < 0.04). Smoking and lens modality also interacted positively with extended wear, amplifying the risk associated with those factors. CONCLUSIONS We found a 1.6% practice-based prevalence and a wide range of clinical presentation of focal infiltrates in soft contact lens wearers, and we measured the relative risks of extended wear, lens modality, and smoking in a general practice population. In these cases, there was no distinct pattern in location or severity of corneal infiltrates, and visual acuity following the events was not compromised.
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Rojo H, Armando I, Morales M, Levin G, Roseman M, Barontini M. Effects of exercise on myocardial catecholamine content and ischemic injury in dogs with gradual coronary occlusion. Am Heart J 1990; 120:1278-84. [PMID: 2248177 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(90)90236-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exercise on catecholamine content and the extent of myocardial damage in dogs with Ameroid constrictor occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery were determined. Tissue samples from both the anterior and posterior walls of the left ventricle were obtained for determination of catecholamine content, and the rest of the ventricles were processed for histologic examination. When subjected to treadmill exercise for 40 days after surgery, obstructed animals performed significantly less exercise than sham-operated animals and showed significantly higher percentages of ischemia and necrosis in the left ventricle than sedentary, obstructed, sham-operated, or control dogs. Levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in the posterior wall of the left ventricle were significantly lower than in the other groups. Our data show that exercise in this well-known model of chronic coronary artery stenosis produced deleterious effects on the myocardium and suggest a marked heterogeneity of catecholamine stores in the myocardium that may have important functional and electrophysiologic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rojo
- Department of Research and Teaching, Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Indigenous healers in many societies use patterned sounds, movements, colors, shapes, and odors as therapeutic techniques; yet medical anthropology remains curiously inattentive to the aesthetics of healing rituals. Based on research among Senoi Temiar of Peninsular Malaysia, I propose an approach to the therapeutic efficacy of these symbolic forms. The music of Temiar healing ceremonies is examined from three perspectives: the formal musical structures, the indigenous theories that inform those structures, and the strategies through which they are performed and experienced by participants. Temiar healing performances present a moment of articulation between two domains of knowledge and action: musical composition, performance, and affect, on the one hand, and indigenous cosmology, illness etiology, and the pathogenicity of emotions, on the other. Songs of Temiar spirit-mediums cross-cut these two domains, and demonstrate the pragmatics of aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roseman
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
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Roseman M, Thompson T. Corrections - Mechanism of the Spontaneous Transfer of Phospholipids between Bilayers. Biochemistry 1980. [DOI: 10.1021/bi00559a605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roseman M, Litman BJ, Thompson TE. Transbilayer exchange of phosphatidylethanolamine for phosphatidylcholine and N-acetimidoylphosphatidylethanolamine in single-walled bilayer vesicles. Biochemistry 1975; 14:4826-30. [PMID: 1182120 DOI: 10.1021/bi00693a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A preparation of small single-walled liposome vesicles containing a 9:1 mole ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine was subjected to reaction with the membrane-impermeable reagent, isethionyl acetimidate hydrochloride. This reagent converted 90% of the external phosphatidylethanolamine groups to the amidine derivative, leaving the mole ratio of unreacted phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine on the outside surface of the vesicle much lower than that on the inside surface. Equilibration of phosphatidylethanolamine across the bilayer was then measured as a function of time by monitoring the appearance of phosphatidylethanolamine on the outside surface utilizing the reaction of the amino groups with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. The results show that no new phosphatidylethanolamine appeared on the external surface of the vesicles over a period of 12 days at 22 degrees. A conservative estimate of the precision of the measurements is +/- 10%. On this basis, the estimated half-time for the equilibration of phosphatidylethanolamine across the bilayer of these vesicles must be at least 80 days at 22 degrees.
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