1
|
Sakki H, Clair MS, Hwang S, Allen JL. The association between callous-unemotional traits and substance use in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:502-517. [PMID: 37390924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are characterized by a lack of guilt and empathy, restricted affect, and low concern about performance, and are increasingly recognized as co-occurring with substance use in youth. However, there is mixed evidence concerning whether they make a unique contribution to substance use. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to quantify the association between CU traits and substance use in childhood, accounting for potential moderators including sample characteristics (age, gender, community versus clinical/forensic samples), CU traits measure and informant, and study design (cross-sectional or longitudinal). Separate meta-analyses were conducted for alcohol, cannabis, and a substance use composite. Small, significant associations were found between CU traits and alcohol (θ = 0.17), cannabis (θ = 0.17) and the substance use composite (θ = 0.15), which were present in both community and clinical/forensic samples. Findings suggest that CU traits co-occur with a range of substance use problems, and that CU traits should be considered in assessments of youth presenting with substance use problems regardless of the nature of the setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sakki
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Michelle St Clair
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Suhlim Hwang
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Jennifer L Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Burnley A, St Clair M, Bedford R, Wren Y, Dack C. Correction: Understanding the prevalence and manifestation of anxiety and other socio‑emotional and behavioural difficulties in children with Developmental Language Disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:20. [PMID: 37391724 PMCID: PMC10311899 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Burnley
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset County, UK.
| | - Michelle St Clair
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset County, UK
| | - Rachael Bedford
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset County, UK
| | - Yvonne Wren
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol County, UK
| | - Charlotte Dack
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset County, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neufeld SAS, St Clair M, Brodbeck J, Wilkinson PO, Goodyer IM, Jones PB. Measurement Invariance in Longitudinal Bifactor Models: Review and Application Based on the p Factor. Assessment 2023:10731911231182687. [PMID: 37350099 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231182687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Bifactor models are increasingly being utilized to study latent constructs such as psychopathology and cognition, which change over the lifespan. Although longitudinal measurement invariance (MI) testing helps ensure valid interpretation of change in a construct over time, this is rarely and inconsistently performed in bifactor models. Our review of MI simulation literature revealed that only one study assessed MI in bifactor models under limited conditions. Recommendations for how to assess MI in bifactor models are suggested based on existing simulation studies of related models. Estimator choice and influence of missing data on MI are also discussed. An empirical example based on a model of the general psychopathology factor (p) elucidates our recommendations, with the present model of p being the first to exhibit residual MI across gender and time. Thus, changes in the ordered-categorical indicators can be attributed to changes in the latent factors. However, further work is needed to clarify MI guidelines for bifactor models, including considering the impact of model complexity and number of indicators. Nonetheless, using the guidelines justified herein to establish MI allows findings from bifactor models to be more confidently interpreted, increasing their comparability and utility.
Collapse
|
4
|
Burnley A, St Clair M, Dack C, Thompson H, Wren Y. Exploring the Psychosocial Experiences of Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder During Childhood: A Qualitative Investigation. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-05946-3. [PMID: 37338728 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) often experience co-occurring psychosocial difficulties, the developmental trajectories of which are still not fully understood. This study sought to explore the manifestation of such difficulties during childhood, through first-hand accounts of those with DLD and their close relatives. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 mothers of children with DLD (aged 6-12 years old) and were analysed alongside the secondary data from interviews of five adults with DLD. Interviews were conducted online; all participants resided in Europe and were fluent in spoken and written English. A process of interpretive phenomenological analysis resulted in the development of five overall themes: experiencing anxiety, social frustrations, maintaining factors, childhood strengths and the parenting experience. Cognitive appraisals appeared particularly important during childhood in both escalating and maintaining anxiety, low self-esteem, emotion dysregulation and social frustrations. High levels of isolation and stress were experienced by all mothers. The findings suggest parents in the United Kingdom and Ireland require more support and guidance at the point of diagnosis than is currently provided. Emphasis was given to the link between children's experience of anxiety and social behaviours, such as withdrawal, as well as their intolerance of uncertainty. Internalising symptoms were a prioritisation for intervention during childhood by both parents and adults with DLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Burnley
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michelle St Clair
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Charlotte Dack
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Hannah Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yvonne Wren
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Burnley A, St Clair M, Bedford R, Wren Y, Dack C. Understanding the prevalence and manifestation of anxiety and other socio-emotional and behavioural difficulties in children with Developmental Language Disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:17. [PMID: 37322422 PMCID: PMC10268478 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-documented that children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have a higher likelihood of experiencing anxiety, as well as other socio-emotional and behavioural (SEB) difficulties. Despite this, there is little consensus as to how these difficulties manifest. This study aims to understand the prevalence of broader SEB difficulties and anxiety, informing intervention development by understanding the relationships between them. METHODS A mixed-methods, case-control study was conducted. First, an online survey was completed by 107 parents of either children with DLD ("DLD sample"; n = 57) or typically developing children ("typical sample"; n = 50), aged 6-12 years old. Binary SEB statements informed by previous qualitative work (e.g. "my child requires routine/sameness"; "my child has frequent tantrums") provided an insight into the prevalence of SEB difficulties in both DLD and typical samples. Validated measures of anxiety, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, insistence on sameness, family stress and coping mechanisms were also collected. Correlation and mediation analyses were run using these validated measures to understand the manifestation of anxiety in children with DLD in more detail. Qualitative interviews were then carried out with a select panel of survey respondents (n = 4). RESULTS The DLD sample scored significantly higher on all binary SEB statements than the typical sample: experiencing anxiety (80.7%, p < .05), requiring routine and sameness (75.4%, p < .001) and emotional dysregulation (75.4%; p < .001) were the most common difficulties reported for children with DLD. Using the validated scales, family stress and coping mechanisms were found to only correlate with the manifestation of anxiety in the typical group, not the DLD group. "Intolerance of uncertainty" and "insistence on sameness" were found to fully mediate the relationship between DLD diagnosis and symptoms of anxiety. Parent's interviews provided contextual support for the analysis, as well as highlighting sensory sensitivities as a focus for future research. CONCLUSIONS Parents of children with DLD appear to cope well with their children's complex SEB needs. Intervention focussing on intolerance of uncertainty may help the management of difficulties with anxiety. Behaviours such as insistence on sameness should be investigated further, as potential indicators for anxiety amongst children with DLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Burnley
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset County UK
| | - Michelle St Clair
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset County UK
| | - Rachael Bedford
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset County UK
| | - Yvonne Wren
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol County UK
| | - Charlotte Dack
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset County UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Polek E, Neufeld SAS, Wilkinson P, Goodyer I, St Clair M, Prabhu G, Dolan R, Bullmore ET, Fonagy P, Stochl J, Jones PB. How do the prevalence and relative risk of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal thoughts vary across the population distribution of common mental distress (the p factor)? Observational analyses replicated in two independent UK cohorts of young people. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032494. [PMID: 32398331 PMCID: PMC7223145 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To inform suicide prevention policies and responses to youths at risk by investigating whether suicide risk is predicted by a summary measure of common mental distress (CMD (the p factor)) as well as by conventional psychopathological domains; to define the distribution of suicide risks over the population range of CMD; to test whether such distress mediates the medium-term persistence of suicide risks. DESIGN Two independent population-based cohorts. SETTING Population based in two UK centres. PARTICIPANTS Volunteers aged 14-24 years recruited from primary healthcare registers, schools and colleges, with advertisements to complete quotas in age-sex-strata. Cohort 1 is the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (n=2403); cohort 2 is the ROOTS sample (n=1074). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Suicidal thoughts (ST) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). RESULTS We calculated a CMD score using confirmatory bifactor analysis and then used logistic regressions to determine adjusted associations between risks and CMD; curve fitting was used to examine the relative prevalence of STs and NSSI over the population distribution of CMD. We found a dose-response relationship between levels of CMD and risk of suicide. The majority of all subjects experiencing ST and NSSI (78% and 76% in cohort 1, and 66% and 71% in cohort 2) had CMD scores no more than 2 SDs above the population mean; higher scores indicated the highest risk but were, by definition, infrequent. Pathway mediation models showed that CMD mediated the longitudinal course of both ST and NSSI. CONCLUSIONS NSSI and ST in youths reflect CMD that also mediates their persistence. Universal prevention strategies reducing levels of CMD in the whole population without recourse to screening or measurement may prevent more suicides than approaches targeting youths with the most severe distress or with psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ela Polek
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Paul Wilkinson
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - Gita Prabhu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College, London, UK
| | - Ray Dolan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College, London, UK
| | | | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Stochl
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|