1
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Huber J, Obata M, Gruber J, Akutsu M, Löhr F, Rogova N, Güntert P, Dikic I, Kirkin V, Komatsu M, Dötsch V, Rogov VV. An atypical LIR motif within UBA5 (ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 5) interacts with GABARAP proteins and mediates membrane localization of UBA5. Autophagy 2020; 16:256-270. [PMID: 30990354 PMCID: PMC6984602 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1606637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Short linear motifs, known as LC3-interacting regions (LIRs), interact with mactoautophagy/autophagy modifiers (Atg8/LC3/GABARAP proteins) via a conserved universal mechanism. Typically, this includes the occupancy of 2 hydrophobic pockets on the surface of Atg8-family proteins by 2 specific aromatic and hydrophobic residues within the LIR motifs. Here, we describe an alternative mechanism of Atg8-family protein interaction with the non-canonical UBA5 LIR, an E1-like enzyme of the ufmylation pathway that preferentially interacts with GABARAP but not LC3 proteins. By solving the structures of both GABARAP and GABARAPL2 in complex with the UBA5 LIR, we show that in addition to the binding to the 2 canonical hydrophobic pockets (HP1 and HP2), a conserved tryptophan residue N-terminal of the LIR core sequence binds into a novel hydrophobic pocket on the surface of GABARAP proteins, which we term HP0. This mode of action is unique for UBA5 and accompanied by large rearrangements of key residues including the side chains of the gate-keeping K46 and the adjacent K/R47 in GABARAP proteins. Swapping mutations in LC3B and GABARAPL2 revealed that K/R47 is the key residue in the specific binding of GABARAP proteins to UBA5, with synergetic contributions of the composition and dynamics of the loop L3. Finally, we elucidate the physiological relevance of the interaction and show that GABARAP proteins regulate the localization and function of UBA5 on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in a lipidation-independent manner.Abbreviations: ATG: AuTophaGy-related; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GABARAP: GABA-type A receptor-associated protein; ITC: isothermal titration calorimetry; KO: knockout; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; RMSD: root-mean-square deviation of atomic positions; TKO: triple knockout; UBA5: ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Huber
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Miki Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jens Gruber
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Masato Akutsu
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Natalia Rogova
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Güntert
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry II, School of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Rogov
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Nahorski MS, Maddirevula S, Ishimura R, Alsahli S, Brady AF, Begemann A, Mizushima T, Guzmán-Vega FJ, Obata M, Ichimura Y, Alsaif HS, Anazi S, Ibrahim N, Abdulwahab F, Hashem M, Monies D, Abouelhoda M, Meyer BF, Alfadhel M, Eyaid W, Zweier M, Steindl K, Rauch A, Arold ST, Woods CG, Komatsu M, Alkuraya FS. Biallelic UFM1 and UFC1 mutations expand the essential role of ufmylation in brain development. Brain 2019; 141:1934-1945. [PMID: 29868776 PMCID: PMC6022668 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of proteins through the addition of UFM1, also known as ufmylation, plays a critical developmental role as revealed by studies in animal models. The recent finding that biallelic mutations in UBA5 (the E1-like enzyme for ufmylation) cause severe early-onset encephalopathy with progressive microcephaly implicates ufmylation in human brain development. More recently, a homozygous UFM1 variant was proposed as a candidate aetiology of severe early-onset encephalopathy with progressive microcephaly. Here, we establish a locus for severe early-onset encephalopathy with progressive microcephaly based on two families, and map the phenotype to a novel homozygous UFM1 mutation. This mutation has a significantly diminished capacity to form thioester intermediates with UBA5 and with UFC1 (the E2-like enzyme for ufmylation), with resulting impaired ufmylation of cellular proteins. Remarkably, in four additional families where eight children have severe early-onset encephalopathy with progressive microcephaly, we identified two biallelic UFC1 mutations, which impair UFM1-UFC1 intermediate formation with resulting widespread reduction of cellular ufmylation, a pattern similar to that observed with UFM1 mutation. The striking resemblance between UFM1- and UFC1-related clinical phenotype and biochemical derangements strongly argues for an essential role for ufmylation in human brain development. The hypomorphic nature of UFM1 and UFC1 mutations and the conspicuous depletion of biallelic null mutations in the components of this pathway in human genome databases suggest that it is necessary for embryonic survival, which is consistent with the embryonic lethal nature of knockout models for the orthologous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nahorski
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryosuke Ishimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Saud Alsahli
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Genetics Service, Level 8V, St Mark's Hospital, Northwick Park Hospital Watford Road, Harrow, UK
| | - Anaïs Begemann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tsunehiro Mizushima
- Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Ako-gun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Francisco J Guzmán-Vega
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miki Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ichimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hessa S Alsaif
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Anazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Eyaid
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan T Arold
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Computational Bioscience Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Geoffrey Woods
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Kinouchi M, Iwasaki T, Koyama M, Obata M, Homma M. Image Gallery: Cutaneous hydrophilic polymer emboli following thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:e182. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kinouchi
- Department of Dermatology Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital AsahikawaJapan
| | - T. Iwasaki
- Department of Dermatology Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa Japan
| | - M. Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital AsahikawaJapan
| | - M. Obata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital Asahikawa Japan
| | - M. Homma
- Department of Dermatology Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa Japan
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4
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Saito T, Kuma A, Sugiura Y, Ichimura Y, Obata M, Kitamura H, Okuda S, Lee HC, Ikeda K, Kanegae Y, Saito I, Auwerx J, Motohashi H, Suematsu M, Soga T, Yokomizo T, Waguri S, Mizushima N, Komatsu M. Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism through selective turnover of NCoR1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1567. [PMID: 30952864 PMCID: PMC6450892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy ensures the removal of specific soluble proteins, protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria, and invasive bacteria from cells. Defective autophagy has been directly linked to metabolic disorders. However how selective autophagy regulates metabolism remains largely uncharacterized. Here we show that a deficiency in selective autophagy is associated with suppression of lipid oxidation. Hepatic loss of Atg7 or Atg5 significantly impairs the production of ketone bodies upon fasting, due to decreased expression of enzymes involved in β-oxidation following suppression of transactivation by PPARα. Mechanistically, nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 (NCoR1), which interacts with PPARα to suppress its transactivation, binds to the autophagosomal GABARAP family proteins and is degraded by autophagy. Consequently, loss of autophagy causes accumulation of NCoR1, suppressing PPARα activity and resulting in impaired lipid oxidation. These results suggest that autophagy contributes to PPARα activation upon fasting by promoting degradation of NCoR1 and thus regulates β-oxidation and ketone bodies production. Defective autophagy has been associated with metabolic disorders. Here Saito et al. show that autophagy promotes the selective degradation of NCoR1, a repressor of lipid metabolism regulator PPARα, in response to starvation, and thus induces the expression of enzymes involved in lipid oxidation and the production of ketone bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ichimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Core Research Facilities of Basic Science (Molecular Genetics), Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Izumu Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. .,Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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5
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Morita M, Sato T, Nomura M, Sakamoto Y, Inoue Y, Tanaka R, Ito S, Kurosawa K, Yamaguchi K, Sugiura Y, Takizaki H, Yamashita Y, Katakura R, Sato I, Kawai M, Okada Y, Watanabe H, Kondoh G, Matsumoto S, Kishimoto A, Obata M, Matsumoto M, Fukuhara T, Motohashi H, Suematsu M, Komatsu M, Nakayama KI, Watanabe T, Soga T, Shima H, Maemondo M, Tanuma N. PKM1 Confers Metabolic Advantages and Promotes Cell-Autonomous Tumor Cell Growth. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:355-367.e7. [PMID: 29533781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Expression of PKM2, which diverts glucose-derived carbon from catabolic to biosynthetic pathways, is a hallmark of cancer. However, PKM2 function in tumorigenesis remains controversial. Here, we show that, when expressed rather than PKM2, the PKM isoform PKM1 exhibits a tumor-promoting function in KRASG12D-induced or carcinogen-initiated mouse models or in some human cancers. Analysis of Pkm mutant mouse lines expressing specific PKM isoforms established that PKM1 boosts tumor growth cell intrinsically. PKM1 activated glucose catabolism and stimulated autophagy/mitophagy, favoring malignancy. Importantly, we observed that pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), express PKM1, and that PKM1 expression is required for SCLC cell proliferation. Our findings provide a rationale for targeting PKM1 therapeutically in certain cancer subtypes, including pulmonary NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Morita
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan; Division of Respiratory Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Taku Sato
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nomura
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Sakamoto
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Yui Inoue
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shigemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Koreyuki Kurosawa
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takizaki
- Division of Cancer Molecular Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamashita
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Katakura
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Tissue Bank, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawai
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Animal Experiments for Regeneration, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Animal Experiments for Regeneration, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shoko Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ayako Kishimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Miki Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Fukuhara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan; Division of Cancer Molecular Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Maemondo
- Division of Respiratory Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Miyagi Cancer Center Hospital, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanuma
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan; Division of Cancer Molecular Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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6
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Ishimura R, Obata M, Kageyama S, Daniel J, Tanaka K, Komatsu M. A novel approach to assess the ubiquitin-fold modifier 1-system in cells. FEBS Lett 2016; 591:196-204. [PMID: 27926783 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1)-system, a ubiquitin-like protein conjugation system, is involved in the development of breast cancer and several hereditary neurological syndromes. However, the molecular mechanisms of UFM1-related pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we show that in the absence of UFSP2, a deconjugating enzyme for UFM1, ectopic expression of both UFL1 and UFBP1, which serve as the E3-ligase complex for the UFM1-system, dramatically increases UFM1-conjugate formation at the endoplasmic reticulum. Utilizing this system, we were able to attribute disease-related isoforms of UBA5, the E1 enzyme for UFM1, to decreased UFM1-conjugate formation. Our procedure allows the assessment of UFM1-conjugate formation in cells and the identification of UFM1-targets, both of which are needed to clarify the pathophysiological role of the UFM1-system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ishimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.,Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Miki Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Shun Kageyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Jens Daniel
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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7
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Muona M, Ishimura R, Laari A, Ichimura Y, Linnankivi T, Keski-Filppula R, Herva R, Rantala H, Paetau A, Pöyhönen M, Obata M, Uemura T, Karhu T, Bizen N, Takebayashi H, McKee S, Parker MJ, Akawi N, McRae J, Hurles ME, Kuismin O, Kurki MI, Anttonen AK, Tanaka K, Palotie A, Waguri S, Lehesjoki AE, Komatsu M. Biallelic Variants in UBA5 Link Dysfunctional UFM1 Ubiquitin-like Modifier Pathway to Severe Infantile-Onset Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:683-694. [PMID: 27545674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin fold modifier 1 (UFM1) cascade is a recently identified evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin-like modification system whose function and link to human disease have remained largely uncharacterized. By using exome sequencing in Finnish individuals with severe epileptic syndromes, we identified pathogenic compound heterozygous variants in UBA5, encoding an activating enzyme for UFM1, in two unrelated families. Two additional individuals with biallelic UBA5 variants were identified from the UK-based Deciphering Developmental Disorders study and one from the Northern Finland Intellectual Disability cohort. The affected individuals (n = 9) presented in early infancy with severe irritability, followed by dystonia and stagnation of development. Furthermore, the majority of individuals display postnatal microcephaly and epilepsy and develop spasticity. The affected individuals were compound heterozygous for a missense substitution, c.1111G>A (p.Ala371Thr; allele frequency of 0.28% in Europeans), and a nonsense variant or c.164G>A that encodes an amino acid substitution p.Arg55His, but also affects splicing by facilitating exon 2 skipping, thus also being in effect a loss-of-function allele. Using an in vitro thioester formation assay and cellular analyses, we show that the p.Ala371Thr variant is hypomorphic with attenuated ability to transfer the activated UFM1 to UFC1. Finally, we show that the CNS-specific knockout of Ufm1 in mice causes neonatal death accompanied by microcephaly and apoptosis in specific neurons, further suggesting that the UFM1 system is essential for CNS development and function. Taken together, our data imply that the combination of a hypomorphic p.Ala371Thr variant in trans with a loss-of-function allele in UBA5 underlies a severe infantile-onset encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Muona
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Ryosuke Ishimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Anni Laari
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Yoshinobu Ichimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tarja Linnankivi
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Riikka Keski-Filppula
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Riitta Herva
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Heikki Rantala
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Division of Paediatric Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Anders Paetau
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Minna Pöyhönen
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Miki Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takefumi Uemura
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Thomas Karhu
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Norihisa Bizen
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shane McKee
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jeremy McRae
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Outi Kuismin
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70029, Finland; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Anna-Kaisa Anttonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Program in Genetics and Genomics, Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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8
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Utsumi H, Isobe M, Hiraide T, Obata M, Ohkubo K, Sakai S. Durability of Flexible Molded Polyurethane Foams. J CELL PLAST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x9803400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, we have developed highly resilient (HR) flexible molded foams with superb durability, resilience and vibration characteristics, and we have reported that these improvements were based on control of cross link degree of polymer, morphology and mobility of hard and soft segments. This paper describes factors that dominantly influence the durability and the mechanism of fatigue by investigation of cross linking by covalent and hydrogen-bonds and the morphology of hard/soft segments. In this study, we use molded foams with different durabilities. These are TDI-based high performance/conventional HR, MDI-based high-performance/conventional HR, and hot molded foams. On the whole, a small apparent viscosity coefficient, which is calculated from vibration characteristics of the foam, and a higher cross link degree of foam polymer make static and dynamic durability of flexible molded foam better. Mobility of the soft segment, estimated by solid state NMR, also dominates dynamic durability. Accordingly, hydrogen-bonds of the hard segment contribute against creep as a cross link point in static/dynamic durability test, and tight hydrogen-bonds of hot molded foam are durable against rupture or rebonding by water molecules in the wet compression set oven. The drop in cross link degree of foam polymer was not observed during vibration durability test. Accordingly, the mechanism of fatigue could be the change of state in hydrogen-bonds or tangling of polymer-chains, or relatively macro rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Utsumi
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Performance Materials R & D Center, Functional Materials Laboratory, Urethane Section, 1190 Kasama-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama 247-8567, Japan
| | - M. Isobe
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Performance Materials R & D Center, Functional Materials Laboratory, Urethane Section, 1190 Kasama-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama 247-8567, Japan
| | - T. Hiraide
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Performance Materials R & D Center, Functional Materials Laboratory, Urethane Section, 1190 Kasama-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama 247-8567, Japan
| | - M. Obata
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Performance Materials R & D Center, Functional Materials Laboratory, Urethane Section, 1190 Kasama-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama 247-8567, Japan
| | - K. Ohkubo
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Performance Materials R & D Center, Functional Materials Laboratory, Urethane Section, 1190 Kasama-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama 247-8567, Japan
| | - S. Sakai
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Performance Materials R & D Center, Functional Materials Laboratory, Urethane Section, 1190 Kasama-cho, Sakae-ku, Yokohama 247-8567, Japan
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9
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Saito T, Ichimura Y, Taguchi K, Suzuki T, Mizushima T, Takagi K, Hirose Y, Nagahashi M, Iso T, Fukutomi T, Ohishi M, Endo K, Uemura T, Nishito Y, Okuda S, Obata M, Kouno T, Imamura R, Tada Y, Obata R, Yasuda D, Takahashi K, Fujimura T, Pi J, Lee MS, Ueno T, Ohe T, Mashino T, Wakai T, Kojima H, Okabe T, Nagano T, Motohashi H, Waguri S, Soga T, Yamamoto M, Tanaka K, Komatsu M. p62/Sqstm1 promotes malignancy of HCV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma through Nrf2-dependent metabolic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12030. [PMID: 27345495 PMCID: PMC4931237 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p62/Sqstm1 is a multifunctional protein involved in cell survival, growth and death, that is degraded by autophagy. Amplification of the p62/Sqstm1 gene, and aberrant accumulation and phosphorylation of p62/Sqstm1, have been implicated in tumour development. Herein, we reveal the molecular mechanism of p62/Sqstm1-dependent malignant progression, and suggest that molecular targeting of p62/Sqstm1 represents a potential chemotherapeutic approach against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Phosphorylation of p62/Sqstm1 at Ser349 directs glucose to the glucuronate pathway, and glutamine towards glutathione synthesis through activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. These changes provide HCC cells with tolerance to anti-cancer drugs and proliferation potency. Phosphorylated p62/Sqstm1 accumulates in tumour regions positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV). An inhibitor of phosphorylated p62-dependent Nrf2 activation suppresses the proliferation and anticancer agent tolerance of HCC. Our data indicate that this Nrf2 inhibitor could be used to make cancer cells less resistant to anticancer drugs, especially in HCV-positive HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.,Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ichimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.,Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Mizushima
- Department of Life Science, Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Kenji Takagi
- Department of Life Science, Picobiology Institute, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirose
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Iso
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukutomi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maki Ohishi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Keiko Endo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Takefumi Uemura
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Core Technology and Research Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Obata
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuguka Kouno
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Riyo Imamura
- The University of Tokyo, Drug Discovery Initiative, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukio Tada
- The University of Tokyo, Drug Discovery Initiative, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rika Obata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujimura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2137, USA
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- The University of Tokyo, Drug Discovery Initiative, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- The University of Tokyo, Drug Discovery Initiative, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- The University of Tokyo, Drug Discovery Initiative, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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10
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Sakamaki A, Katsuragi Y, Otsuka K, Tomita M, Obata M, Iwasaki T, Abe M, Sato T, Ochiai M, Sakuraba Y, Aoyagi Y, Gondo Y, Sakimura K, Nakagama H, Mishima Y, Kominami R. Bcl11b SWI/SNF-complex subunit modulates intestinal adenoma and regeneration after γ-irradiation through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:622-31. [PMID: 25827435 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes constitute a highly related family of multi-subunit complexes to modulate transcription, and SWI/SNF subunit genes are collectively mutated in 20% of all human cancers. Bcl11b is a SWI/SNF subunit and acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in leukemia/lymphomas. Here, we show expression of Bcl11b in intestinal crypt cells and promotion of intestinal tumorigenesis by Bcl11b attenuation in Apc (min/+) mice. Of importance, mutations or allelic loss of BCL11B was detected in one-third of human colon cancers. We also show that attenuated Bcl11b activity in the crypt base columnar (CBC) cells expressing the Lgr5 stem cell marker enhanced regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells after the radiation-induced injury. Interestingly, BCL11B introduction in human cell lines downregulated transcription of β-catenin target genes, whereas Bcl11b attenuation in Lgr5(+) CBCs increased expression of β-catenin targets including c-Myc and cyclin D1. Together, our results argue that Bcl11b impairment promotes tumor development in mouse and human intestine at least in part through deregulation of β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sakamaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katsuragi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kensuke Otsuka
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan
| | - Masanori Tomita
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan
| | - Miki Obata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwasaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masako Ochiai
- Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakuraba
- RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Aoyagi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoichi Gondo
- RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and
| | - Yukio Mishima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Kominami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan, Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan and RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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11
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Takachi T, Takahashi M, Takahashi-Yoshita M, Higuchi M, Obata M, Mishima Y, Okuda S, Tanaka Y, Matsuoka M, Saitoh A, Green PL, Fujii M. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax oncoprotein represses the expression of the BCL11B tumor suppressor in T-cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:461-5. [PMID: 25613934 PMCID: PMC4409891 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL), which is an aggressive form of T-cell malignancy. HTLV-1 oncoproteins, Tax and HBZ, play crucial roles in the immortalization of T-cells and/or leukemogenesis by dysregulating the cellular functions in the host. Recent studies show that HTLV-1-infected T-cells have reduced expression of the BCL11B tumor suppressor protein. In the present study, we explored whether Tax and/or HBZ play a role in downregulating BCL11B in HTLV-1-infected T-cells. Lentiviral transduction of Tax in a human T-cell line repressed the expression of BCL11B at both the protein and mRNA levels, whereas the transduction of HBZ had little effect on the expression. Tax mutants with a decreased activity for the NF-κB, CREB or PDZ protein pathways still showed a reduced expression of the BCL11B protein, thereby implicating a different function of Tax in BCL11B downregulation. In addition, the HTLV-2 Tax2 protein reduced the BCL11B protein expression in T-cells. Seven HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines, including three ATL-derived cell lines, showed reduced BCL11B mRNA and protein expression relative to an uninfected T-cell line, and the greatest reductions were in the cells expressing Tax. Collectively, these results indicate that Tax is responsible for suppressing BCL11B protein expression in HTLV-1-infected T-cells; Tax-mediated repression of BCL11B is another mechanism that Tax uses to promote oncogenesis of HTLV-1-infected T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Takachi
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Kamimura K, Abe H, Kamimura N, Yamaguchi M, Mamizu M, Ogi K, Takahashi Y, Mizuno KI, Kamimura H, Kobayashi Y, Takeuchi M, Yoshida K, Yamada K, Enomoto T, Takakuwa K, Nomoto M, Obata M, Katsuragi Y, Mishima Y, Kominami R, Kamimura T, Aoyagi Y. Successful management of severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: report of a first Japanese case. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:160. [PMID: 25218883 PMCID: PMC4175624 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a cholestasis condition caused by elevated levels of serum bile acids that mainly occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal symptoms include pruritus; elevation of transaminases, biliary enzymes, and bilirubin levels; and abnormal liver function tests. Fetal symptoms include spontaneous preterm labor, fetal distress, and intrauterine death. It is more prevalent in the Caucasians and is rarely found in Asian countries, including Japan. The etiology of ICP has been reported as involving various factors such as, environmental factors, hormone balance, and genetic components. The genetic factors include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of canalicular transporters, including ABCB4 and ABCB11. It has also been reported that the combination of these SNPs induces severe cholestasis and liver dysfunction. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we report for the first time a 24-year Japanese case of severe ICP diagnosed by typical symptoms, serum biochemical analysis, and treated with the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid which improved cholestasis and liver injury and prevented fetal death. The sequence analysis showed SNPs reported their association with ICP in the ABCB11 (rs2287622, V444A) and ABCB4 (rs1202283, N168N) loci. CONCLUSION The risk of ICP has been reported to be population-specific, and it is rare in the Japanese population. Our case was successfully treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and the genetic sequence analysis has supported the diagnosis. Because genetic variation in ABCB4 and ABCB11 has also been reported in the Japanese population, we need to be aware of potential ICP cases in pregnant Japanese women although further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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13
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Go R, Hirose S, Katsuragi Y, Obata M, Abe M, Mishima Y, Sakimura K, Kominami R. Cell of origin in radiation-induced premalignant thymocytes with differentiation capability in mice conditionally losing one Bcl11b allele. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1009-16. [PMID: 23663453 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl11b is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor, mutations or deletion of which has been found in 10-16% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Bcl11b(KO) (/+) heterozygous mice are susceptible to thymic lymphomas, a model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, when γ-irradiated, and irradiated Bcl11b(KO) (/+) mice generate clonally expanding or premalignant thymocytes before thymic lymphoma development. Cells with radiation-induced DNA damages are assumed to be the cells of origin in tumors; however, which thymocyte is the tumor cell origin remains obscure. In this study we generated Bcl11b(flox/+) ;Lck-Cre and Bcl11b(flox/+) ;CD4-Cre mice; in the former, loss of one Bcl11b allele occurs in thymocytes at the immature CD4(-) CD8(-) stage, whereas in the latter the loss occurs in the more differentiated CD4(+) CD8(+) double-positive stage. We examined clonal expansion and differentiation of thymocytes in mice 60 days after 3 Gy γ-irradiation. Half (9/18) of the thymuses in the Bcl11b(flox/+) ;Lck-Cre group showed limited rearrangement sites at the T-cell receptor-β (TCRβ) locus, indicating clonal cell expansion, but none in the Bcl11b(flox/+) ;CD4-Cre group did. This indicates that the origin of the premalignant thymocytes is not in double-positive cells but immature thymocytes. Interestingly, those premalignant thymocytes underwent rearrangement at various different sites of the TCRα locus and the majority showed a higher expression of TCRβ and CD8, and more differentiated phenotypes. This suggests the existence of a subpopulation of immature cells within the premalignant cells that is capable of proliferating and continuously producing differentiated thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieka Go
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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14
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Katsuragi Y, Anraku J, Nakatomi M, Ida-Yonemochi H, Obata M, Mishima Y, Sakuraba Y, Gondo Y, Kodama Y, Nishikawa A, Takagi R, Ohshima H, Kominami R. Bcl11b transcription factor plays a role in the maintenance of the ameloblast-progenitors in mouse adult maxillary incisors. Mech Dev 2013; 130:482-92. [PMID: 23727454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rodent incisors maintain the ability to grow continuously and their labial dentin is covered with enamel. Bcl11b zinc-finger transcription factor is expressed in ameloblast progenitors in mouse incisors and its absence in Bcl11b(KO/KO) mice results in a defect in embryonic tooth development. However, the role of Bcl11b in incisor maintenance in adult tissue was not studied because of death at birth in Bcl11b(KO/KO) mice. Here, we examined compound heterozygous Bcl11b(S826G/KO) mice, one allele of which has an amino acid substitution of serine at position 826 for glycine, that exhibited hypoplastic maxillary incisors with lower concentrations of minerals at the enamel and the dentin, accompanying the maxillary bone hypoplasia. Histological examinations revealed hypoplasia of the labial cervical loop in incisors, shortening of the ameloblast progenitor region, and impairment in differentiation and proliferation of ameloblast-lineage cells. Interestingly, however, juvenile mice at 5days after birth did not show marked change in these phenotypes. These results suggest that attenuated Bcl11b activity impairs ameloblast progenitors and incisor maintenance. The number of BrdU label-retaining cells, putative stem cells, was lower in Bcl11b(S826G/KO) incisors, which suggests the incisor hypoplasia may be in part a result of the decreased number of stem cells. Interestingly, the level of Shh and FGF3 expressions, which are assumed to play key roles in the development and maintenance of ameloblasts and odontoblasts, was not decreased, though the expressed areas were more restricted in ameloblast progenitor and mesenchyme regions of Bcl11b(S826G/KO) incisors, respectively. Those data suggest that the incisor maintenance by Bcl11b is not directly related to the FGF epithelial-mesenchymal signaling loop including Shh but is intrinsic to ameloblast progenitors and possibly stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Katsuragi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.
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15
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Obata M, Kominami R, Mishima Y. BCL11B tumor suppressor inhibits HDM2 expression in a p53-dependent manner. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1047-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Yamamoto T, Morita SI, Go R, Obata M, Katsuragi Y, Fujita Y, Maeda Y, Yokoyama M, Aoyagi Y, Ichikawa H, Mishima Y, Kominami R. Clonally Expanding Thymocytes Having Lineage Capability in Gamma-Ray–Induced Mouse Atrophic Thymus. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 77:235-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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Kamimura K, Mishima Y, Obata M, Endo T, Aoyagi Y, Kominami R. Lack of Bcl11b tumor suppressor results in vulnerability to DNA replication stress and damages. Oncogene 2007; 26:5840-50. [PMID: 17369851 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bcl11b/Rit1 is involved in T-cell development and undergoes chromosomal rearrangements in human T-cell leukemias. Thymocytes of Bcl11b(-/-) newborn mice exhibit apoptosis at a certain developmental stage when thymocytes re-enter into the cell-cycle. Here, we show that Bcl11b-knockdown T-cell lines, when exposed to growth stimuli, exhibited apoptosis at the S phase with concomitant decreases in a cell-cycle inhibitor, p27 and an antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, owing to transcriptional repression. This repression was a likely consequence of the impairment of Sirt1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase associating with Bcl11b. Activation of the apoptotic process cleaved the mediator protein, Claspin, and inhibited phosphorylation of cell-cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) that plays a central role in sensing and responding to incomplete replication. Bcl11b(-/-) thymocytes also failed to phosphorylate Chk1 when UV irradiated. These results implicate Bcl11b in the remedy for DNA replication stress and maintenance of genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kamimura
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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18
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Liu S, Ishikawa H, Tsuyama N, Li FJ, Abroun S, Otsuyama KI, Zheng X, Ma Z, Maki Y, Iqbal MS, Obata M, Kawano MM. Increased susceptibility to apoptosis in CD45(+) myeloma cells accompanied by the increased expression of VDAC1. Oncogene 2006; 25:419-29. [PMID: 16247487 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Expression of CD45 is quite variable in human myeloma cells and cell lines, such as U266, and CD45(+) U266 proliferates in response to a growth factor, interleukin-6. Here, we show that CD45(+) myeloma cell lines were more sensitive to various apoptotic stimuli, such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, than CD45(-) cells. Reactive oxygen species and calcium ion seemed to be involved in the susceptibility to apoptosis of CD45(+) U266. The activation of the src family kinases associated with CD45 phosphatase played an important role in the augmented apoptosis in CD45(+) U266 by oxidative stress. These results indicate that the CD45-expression renders myeloma cells competent for not only mitogenic but also apoptotic stimuli, resulting in either proliferation or apoptosis of CD45(+) myeloma cells dependently upon the circumstantial stimuli. Furthermore, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) 1 was identified as a gene highly expressed in CD45(+) U266 by cDNA subtraction. The increased expression of VDAC1 seemed to augment the sensitivity to the ER-stress because the VDAC1-transfected U266 was more susceptible to the thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. Thus, CD45 expression accompanied by the increased VDAC1 expression sensitizes myeloma cells to the various extracellular stimuli that trigger apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular Signal Analysis, Department of Bio-Signal Analysis, Applied Medical Engineering Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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19
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Hagiya K, Matsui M, Obata M. New high-pressure phase of calcite at room temperature. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305084102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Tamura Y, Maruyama M, Mishima Y, Fujisawa H, Obata M, Kodama Y, Yoshikai Y, Aoyagi Y, Niwa O, Schaffner W, Kominami R. Predisposition to mouse thymic lymphomas in response to ionizing radiation depends on variant alleles encoding metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (Mtf-1). Oncogene 2005; 24:399-406. [PMID: 15516976 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 09/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition to cancers is significant to public health because a high proportion of cancers probably arise in a susceptible human subpopulation. Using a mouse model of gamma-ray-induced thymic lymphomas, we performed linkage analysis and haplotype mapping that suggested Mtf-1, metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (Mtf-1), as a candidate lymphoma susceptibility gene. Sequence analysis revealed a polymorphism of Mtf-1 that alters the corresponding amino acid at position 424 in the proline-rich domain from a serine in susceptibility strains to proline in resistant strains. The transcriptional activity of Mtf-1 encoding serine and proline was compared by transfecting the DNA to Mtf-1-null cells, and the change to proline conferred a higher metal responsiveness in transfections. Furthermore, the resistant congenic strains possessing the Mtf-1 allele of proline type exhibited higher radiation inducibility of target genes than susceptible background strains having the Mtf-1 allele of serine type. Since products of the targets such as metallothionein are able to suppress cellular stresses generated by irradiation, these results suggest that highly inducible strains having Mtf-1 of proline type are refractory to radiation effects and hence are resistant to lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tamura
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8122, Japan
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21
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Togashi T, Obata M, Aoyagi Y, Kominami R, Mishima Y. Two distinct methods analyzing chromatin structure using centrifugation and antibodies to modified histone H3: both provide similar chromatin states of the Rit1/Bcl11b gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 313:489-95. [PMID: 14697215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin state of a 2-Mb region harboring Rit1/Bcl11b on mouse chromosome 12 was examined using two distinct methods. One is ChIP assay examining the degree of enrichment with histone H3 methylated at lysine 9 (H3-mLys9) in chromatin and the other is H/E (heterochromatin/euchromatin) assay that measures a chromatin condensation state by using centrifugation. The ChIP assay showed that a 50-kb interval covering the gene and an upstream region constituted chromatin enriched with unmethylated H3-mLys9 in cells expressing Rit1 compared to cells not expressing Rit1. In contrast, regions other than the 50-kb interval did not show much difference in the enrichment between the two different types of cells. On the other hand, H/E assay of two expressing and two non-expressing tissues provided compatible fractionation patterns, suggesting that the chromatin condensation state detected by H/E assay is correlated with the chromatin state controlled by histone H3 tail modification linked to gene expression. These results indicate that the centrifugation-based H/E assay should provide a new approach to the regulation of chromatin structure with respect to its condensation state, complementing ChIP assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Togashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi 1-757, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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22
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Nakamura H, Higuchi Y, Kondoh H, Obata M, Takahashi S. The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the regeneration of guinea pig olfactory epithelium. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2002; 259:166-9. [PMID: 12003271 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-001-0430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory receptor cells are widely thought to regenerate after degeneration and also thought to show turnover in normal circumstances in animal olfactory epithelium. The identity of the factor that controls proliferation and differentiation of olfactory receptor cells is a very important problem that has yet to be resolved. In this study, the mitogenic effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on olfactory receptor cells in guinea pig olfactory epithelium was examined. The intraperitoneal injection of 1,000 ng bFGF/day for 14 days increased the cells in proliferation detected by immunostaining with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), while neither EGF nor low-dose bFGF had any effect. These results support the idea that an adequate dose of bFGF plays an important role in the neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium. Further study is needed to clarify the efficacy of bFGF in the damaged olfactory epithelium, but bFGF may provide a therapeutic option for olfactory disturbances caused by complete or partial loss of olfactory receptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan.
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23
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Hashimoto S, Narita S, Kasahara H, Shirai K, Kobayashi T, Takanishi A, Sugano S, Yamaguchi J, Sawada H, Takanobu H, Shibuya K, Morita T, Kurata T, Onoe N, Ouchi K, Noguchi T, Niwa Y, Nagayama S, Tabayashi H, Matsui I, Obata M, Matsuzaki H, Murasugi A, Kobayashi T, Haruyama S, Okada T, Hidaki Y, Taguchi Y, Hoashi K, Morikawa E, Iwano Y, Araki D, Suzuki J, Yokoyama M, Dawa I, Nishino D, Inoue S, Hirano T, Soga E, Gen S, Yanada T, Kato K, Sakamoto S, Ishii Y, Matsuo S, Yamamoto Y, Sato K, Hagiwara T, Ueda T, Honda N, Hashimoto K, Hanamoto T, Kayaba S, Kojima T, Iwata H, Kubodera H, Matsuki R, Nakajima T, Nitto K, Yamamoto D, Kamizaki Y, Nagaike S, Kunitake Y, Morita S. Auton Robots 2002; 12:25-38. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1013202723953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Obata M, Imamura E, Yoshida Y, Goto J, Kishibe K, Yasuda A, Ogawa K. Resistance of primary cultured mouse hepatic tumor cells to cellular senescence despite expression of p16(Ink4a), p19(Arf), p53, and p21(Waf1/Cip1). Mol Carcinog 2001; 32:9-18. [PMID: 11568971 DOI: 10.1002/mc.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary cultured mouse hepatic cells become senescent within a short period, although rare cells form colonies from which continuously proliferating cell lines can be established. In contrast, hepatic tumor (HT) cells show little senescence and higher colony-forming capacity. To assess this difference, we investigated p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf)/p53/p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression in primary normal and HT cells, together with cell lines established from both. In primary normal cells, p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf) were expressed only in association with senescence and disappeared at later stages of colony formation. In contrast, primary HT cells showed sustained p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf) expression from the beginning. No p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf) alterations, such as deletion, mutations, or hypermethylation, were detected in the primary HT cells, although most cell lines derived from either normal or HT cell colonies lost p16(Ink4a) or p19(Arf) expression owing to hypermethylation or homozygous deletion of p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf). On the other hand, primary normal and HT cells and most cell lines showed constitutively elevated expression of p53/p21(Waf1/Cip1), with a further increment after ultraviolet ir-radiation, indicating a functionally normal p53 pathway. These results indicate that primary HT cells are resistant to senescence despite retaining p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf)/p53/p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression and that loss of p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf) function is associated only with establishment of the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obata
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan
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25
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Hashimoto M, Harada T, Ishikawa T, Obata M, Shibutani Y. Investigation on diabetic autonomic neuropathy assessed by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in WBN/Kob rats. J Electrocardiol 2001; 34:243-50. [PMID: 11455515 DOI: 10.1054/jelc.2001.25130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This article investigates the development of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. We performed power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in WBN/Kob rats as a model of spontaneous diabetes. The heart rate of the rats was measured continuously for 24 hours with an implanted telemetric transmitter, and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability was performed on continuous electrocardiograms. At 4 to 5 months of age, the rats indicated a tendency toward a decrease in plasma insulin concentration without hyperglycemia. At 8 to 9 months of age, they showed remarkable hyperglycemia, loss of the circadian rhythm of the heart rate, and reversion or loss of the circadian rhythm of the blood pressure. By the power spectral analysis of heart rate variability, it became apparent that the circadian rhythm of the low frequency/high frequency ratio was absent even in prediabetic WBN/Kob rats. In addition, the circadian rhythms of the high-frequency power level and low frequency/high frequency ratio were absent in diabetic WBN/Kob rats. These findings indicate that the autonomic nervous system in WBN/Kob rats is progressively damaged from the prediabetic to diabetic state. In conclusion, diabetic autonomic neuropathy may be characterized by the appearance of sympathetic overactivity that precedes the impairment of parasympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hashimoto
- Toxicology Laboratory, Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan.
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26
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Abstract
The work described in this paper is an experimental investigation of the heat transfer from the main flow to a turbine shroud surface, which may be applicable to ceramic gas turbines. Three kinds of turbine shrouds are considered with a flat surface, a taper surface and a spiral groove surface opposite to the blades in an axial flow turbine of actual turbo-charger. Heat transfer measurements were performed for the experimental conditions of a uniform heat flux or a uniform wall temperature. The effects of the inlet flow angle, rotational speed, and tip clearance on the heat transfer coefficient were clarified under on- and off-design flow conditions. The mean heat transfer coefficient was correlated to the blade Reynolds number and tip clearance, and compared with an experimental correlation and measurements of a flat surface. A comparison was also made for the measurement of static pressure distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obata
- Division of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology Ohogigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan
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27
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Nobukata H, Ishikawa T, Obata M, Shibutani Y. Long-term administration of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester improves the dysfunction of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in male WBN/Kob rats. Metabolism 2000; 49:1588-91. [PMID: 11145121 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2000.18556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of long-term administration of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-E), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on the dysfunction of the endothelium and smooth muscle cells in male WBN/Kob rats, a model of spontaneous diabetes mellitus. After oral 8-month treatment with EPA-E, the agent significantly and dose-dependently increased the migration activity of vascular endothelial cells and also decreased 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake by vascular smooth muscle cells at a dose of 0.1 g/kg or higher. In addition, there were significant correlations between the endothelial cell migration or smooth muscle cell proliferation and the 4-hour fasting glucose level. These findings suggest that EPA-E has a suppressive effect on thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/administration & dosage
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Leukotriene C4/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Rats, Wistar
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nobukata
- Toxicology Laboratory, Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan
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28
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Nobukata H, Ishikawa T, Obata M, Shibutani Y. Long-term administration of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester prevents diabetes and abnormalities of blood coagulation in male WBN/Kob rats. Metabolism 2000; 49:912-9. [PMID: 10910004 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2000.6739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of long-term administration of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-E), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on the development of diabetes, insulin resistance, and abnormalities of blood coagulation in male WBN/Kob rats, a model of spontaneous diabetes mellitus. After 8-month oral EPA-E treatment, the incidence of diabetes at a dose of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 g/kg was 92%, 50%, and 17%, respectively. Its incidence was suppressed significantly and dose-dependently at a dose of 0.3 g/kg or higher compared with the rate (100%) for the vehicle control. Additionally, EPA-E significantly and dose-dependently decreased the elevation of plasma glucose after an oral glucose load and increased the glucose infusion rate (GIR) during the euglycemic insulin-glucose clamp test at a dose of 0.1 g/kg or higher compared with the vehicle control. Furthermore, EPA-E significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated coagulation-related parameters, including the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen level, and factor II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII and antithrombin III (AT III) activities, and fibrinolysis-related parameters, including plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), alpha2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha2-PI), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), and also suppressed ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation and the cholesterol to phospholipid (C/P) molar ratio in platelet membranes at a dose of 0.1 g/kg or higher. These data demonstrate multiple actions of the product in these laboratory animals. These include changes in platelet function, coagulation/fibrinolysis factors, plasma immunoreactive insulin secretion, and plasma glucose/insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nobukata
- Toxicology Laboratory, Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Shizuoka, Japan
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29
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Abstract
We investigated the age-related changes in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation in male WBN/Kob rats, animals that exhibit spontaneously diabetes mellitus at more than 6 months of age. The rats aged 6 months or more showed significant hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. As changes in coagulation parameters, the data indicated significant increases in factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XII activities; a significant decrease in antithrombin III activity in rats more than 6 months of age; significant increases in fibrinogen level and factor XI activity; and significant decreases in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in those more than 9 months of age. As changes in fibrinolytic parameters, the animals showed significant decreases in plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator, and significant increases in alpha2-plasmin inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor at more than 6 months of age. In addition, there were significant correlations between the plasma levels of coagulation/fibrinolytic markers and the 4-hour fasting glucose or lipids. Furthermore, they displayed significant increases in ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation and in cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio in platelets at more than 9 months of age. The increase in cholesterol/phospholipid ratio may be responsible for hyperaggregation of platelets in diabetic animals. These findings suggest that WBN/Kob rats are suitable for research on blood coagulation abnormalities in diabetes. However, further studies are needed to clarify the details of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nobukata
- Toxicology Laboratory, Research Center, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan.
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30
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Ogawa K, Osanai M, Obata M, Ishizaki K, Kamiya K. Gain of chromosomes 15 and 19 is frequent in both mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and primary tumors, but loss of chromosomes 4 and 12 is detected only in the cell lines. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:2083-8. [PMID: 10545409 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.11.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal alterations were investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, primary tumors and liver epithelial cell lines derived from normal livers of C57BL/6JxC3H/HeJ F(1) and C3H/HeJxC57BL/6J F(1) mice. In the primary tumors, non-random gain of chromosomes 15 and 19 was found in seven and five of 14 hepatocellular carcinomas, respectively. On the other hand, in the cases of both liver epithelial and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, frequent changes were loss of chromosomes 4 (4/9 cell lines) and 12 (3/9) as well as gain of chromosomes 15 (5/9) and 19 (4/9). These results indicate that the chromosomal gain is associated with both in vivo carcinogenesis and establishment of cell lines, while the loss is specific for the latter. PCR analysis using polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers revealed that the loss of chromosome 12 as well as chromosome 4 was much more frequent for the C57BL/6J hepatocarcinogenesis-resistant rather than the susceptible C3H/HeJ strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College, 4-5-3-11 Nishikagura, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
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31
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Ogawa Y, Shimizu H, Itakura Y, Ohama Y, Arakawa H, Amizuka T, Obata M, Kakinuma R. Functional pulmonary surfactant deficiency and neonatal respiratory disorders. Pediatr Pulmonol Suppl 1999; 18:175-7. [PMID: 10093135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of functional deficiency of pulmonary surfactant in the neonatal respiratory disorders represented by MAS, hemorrhagic lung edema and ARDS was discussed. The removal of inhibitor(s) is the cardinal procedure for MAS and the lavage with surfactant solution seems to be promising. In case of replacement therapy, we should consider using a different dose compared to the one used in RDS due to lung immaturity, in order to optimize results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, Kawagoe, Japan.
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32
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Anzai H, Nagayoshi M, Obata M, Ikawa Y, Atsumi T. Self-renewal and differentiation of a basic fibroblast growth factor-dependent multipotent hematopoietic cell line derived from embryonic stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 1999; 41:51-8. [PMID: 10445502 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.1999.00412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the accumulation of informat on on the origin of hematopoietic stem cells, it is still unclear how these cells are generated in ontogeny. Isolation of cell lines equivalent to early embryonic hematopoietic progenitor cells can be helpful. A multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell line, A-6, was isolated from H-1 embryonic stem (ES) cells. The self-renewal of A-6 cells was supported by basic-fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) and their differentiation into definitive erythroid cells, granulocytes and macrophages was induced after co-culture with ST-2 stromal cells. A-6 cells were positive for the surface markers of hematopoietic stem cell, c-kit, CD31, CD34, Flt3/Flk2, PgP-1, and HSA, but were negative for that of the differentiated cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that A-6 cells produced mRNA from SCL/tal-1 and GATA-2 genes. Among various cytokines examined, on y stem cell factor (SCF) and Flt3/Flk2 ligand (FL) supported the proliferation of A-6 cells instead of b-FGF. The FL, as well as b-FGF, supported the self-renewal of A-6 cells, whereas SCF induced differentiation into myeloid cells. A-6 cells will be useful for the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from ES cells and provide a model system to realize the control mechanisms between self-renewal and different ation of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Anzai
- Department of Retroviral Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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33
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Abstract
Mechanisms of skin break down in the development of human pressure sores are still unclear. This study was undertaken to clarify the morphological characteristics of the dermal papillae in the skin associated with pressure sores. Skin tissues were excised from the sacrum of a Japanese subject post mortem, where a superficial pressure sore had developed. Light microscopic and transmission and scanning electron microscopic examinations were performed. It was found that the atrophic, irregular contour and alignment of the dermal papillae were characteristic of the boundary area between healthy and damaged areas. In addition, a relatively dense network of collagen fibres in the papillary layer of the boundary area was observed when compared with the healthy area. These findings suggest that the morphological changes of the papillae observed in the boundary area affect microcirculation, impairing tissue viability by inhibiting nutritive blood supply and by accumulating metabolic byproducts which predispose to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Arao
- Oita Medical University, School of Nursing
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34
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Okada T, Amanuma H, Okada Y, Obata M, Hayashi Y, Yamaguchi K, Yamashita J. Inhibition of gene expression from the human c-erbB gene promoter by a retroviral vector expressing anti-gene RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 240:203-7. [PMID: 9367910 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anti-gene is a potent inhibitor of transcriptional promoter activity and subsequent gene expression. This property has been exploited to suppress the expression of a variety of oncogenes for regulating tumor proliferation or viral activities. In this paper, we describe a novel retroviral vector designed to express human c-erbB anti-gene RNA and to reduce the promoter activity in the cells. Mouse fibroblast NIH3T3 cells were stably transfected with an expression construct containing a truncated human c-erbB gene promoter fused to the firefly luciferase reporter gene. Infection into these cells of the c-erbB anti-gene retroviral vector targeted to the 26 bp pyrimidine-rich element in the human c-erbB gene promoter resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the luciferase activity of the cells. Retroviral vector expressing anti-gene RNA may be useful as an alternative program of gene regulation in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan.
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35
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Takahashi S, Oki J, Miyamoto A, Tokumitsu A, Obata M, Ogawa K, Tokusashi Y, Saijo H, Okuno A. Autopsy findings in pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha deficiency: case report. J Child Neurol 1997; 12:519-24. [PMID: 9430319 DOI: 10.1177/088307389701200812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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36
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Karasaki H, Obata M, Ogawa K, Lee GH. Roles of the Pas1 and Par2 genes in determination of the unique, intermediate susceptibility of BALB/cByJ mice to urethane-induction of lung carcinogenesis: differential effects on tumor multiplicity, size and Kras2 mutations. Oncogene 1997; 15:1833-40. [PMID: 9362450 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The C3H/HeJ (C3H), A/J and BALB/cByJ (BALB) mouse strains are respectively resistant, sensitive and intermediate regarding the induction of lung tumors by urethane. The phenotypic difference between C3H and A/J is largely determined by the Pas1 (Pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1) gene on chromosome 6, the A/J allele of which dominantly increases the tumor burden. We recently found that BALB mice possess a unique lung tumor resistance gene on chromosome 18, designated Par2 (Pulmonary adenoma resistance 2), which partially, but dominantly suppresses the sensitive phenotype of A/J mice (Oncogene 13: 1599-1604, 1996). It has, however, remained unclear why BALB mice carrying the Par2 gene are significantly more sensitive to urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis than C3H mice that have no dominant lung tumor resistance genes. In the present study, using (C3H x BALB)F1 x C3H backcross mice treated with urethane, we demonstrated that BALB mice possess the disease allele of the Pas1 gene despite their 15-fold more resistance relative to A/J mice (LOD = 22.6). The BALB Par2 allele only significantly reduced the mean lung tumor multiplicity (LOD = 4.4) in the backcross population carrying the BALB allele of Pas1, indicating that the intermediate BALB phenotype may at least in part be the result of interactions between these two dominant genes. While the BALB Pas1 allele increased both the mean multiplicity and size of lung tumors, the BALB Par2 allele affected only the mean tumor multiplicity, implying that they are involved in different stages of multi-step lung carcinogenesis. In addition, we found that 68% of lung tumors from the BALB Pas1-positive backcross mice contained activating point mutations of the Kras2 oncogene, tightly linked to the Pas1 locus, whereas these genetic alterations were absent in tumors from BALB Pas1-negative mice. The Par2 genotype exhibited no effect on this parameter. Since the activating point mutations were observed exclusively in the BALB allele as already reported with lung tumors in (C57BL/6J x BALB/cJ)F1 mice, BALB Pas1 or possibly Kras2 itself may confer selective growth advantage on the affected urethane-initiated lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Karasaki
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College, Nishikagura, Japan
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37
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Obata M, Lee GH, Kanda H, Kitagawa T, Ogawa K. Loss of heterozygosity at loci on chromosome 4, a common genetic event during the spontaneous immortalization of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Mol Carcinog 1997; 19:17-24. [PMID: 9180924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneously immortalized fibroblast cell lines derived from embryonic tissues of C3D2F1, mice were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at multiple chromosomal loci to identify candidate suppressor loci for immortalization. Among 47 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci selected for screening, those on chromosome 4 exhibited an exceptionally high LDH incidence of up to 89%. Only four other chromosomes (8, 11, 12, and 18) showed LOH, with the highest incidence being 33%. To further localize candidate suppressor genes on mouse chromosome 4, detailed deletion mapping was performed with 18 cell lines and 14 SSR markers. The greatest LOH incidence (94%) was observed at the D4Mit14 locus located on distal chromosome 4, indicating that a major suppressor gene resides in this region. On the other hand, at the D4Mit77 locus, 30 cM proximal to the D4Mit14 locus, we found the SSR to be homozygously lost in 39% of the cell lines. Because the D4Mit77 is tightly linked to the tumor suppressor gene p16, for which homozygous deletion has been reported in various human tumor cell lines, we also examined our fibroblast cell lines for gross aberrations of the p16 gene by using the Southern blot method. The p16 gene was found to be homozygously deleted in 56% of the cell lines. Although this result implies that the p16 gene plays a role as a suppressor gene for immortalization, the combined incidence of LOH and homozygous deletion at the D4Mit77 locus was 72%, which is significantly lower than the observed incidence at the D4Mit14 locus. Consequently, we concluded that immortalization of mouse embryonic fibroblasts may involve more than one suppressor gene on chromosome 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obata
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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38
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Lee GH, Bugni JM, Obata M, Nishimori H, Ogawa K, Drinkwater NR. Genetic dissection of susceptibility to murine ovarian teratomas that originate from parthenogenetic oocytes. Cancer Res 1997; 57:590-3. [PMID: 9044831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The LT/Sv mouse strain is characterized by its abnormally high incidence of spontaneous ovarian teratomas. These tumors have been shown to originate from parthenogenetic oocytes, which are spontaneously induced to divide. Both spontaneous parthenogenesis and ovarian teratomas are extremely rare for other mouse strains, including C57BL/6J. To identify the genes responsible for this unique phenotype of female LT/Sv mice, we performed linkage analysis of female (C57BL/6J x LT/Sv)F2 mice. A locus on chromosome 6 designated Ots1 (ovarian teratoma susceptibility) was identified as the single major locus that increases the frequency of teratomas in a semidominant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Lee
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College, Nishikagura, Japan
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39
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Bonno M, Azuma E, Nakano T, Higashikawa M, Kawaski H, Nishihara H, Obata M, Umemoto M, Sakatoku H, Komada Y, Ito M, Nagai M, Sakurai M. Successful hematopoietic reconstitution by transplantation of umbilical cord blood cells in a transfusion-dependent child with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 19:83-5. [PMID: 9012937 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old boy with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and a history of multiple transfusions underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation from his HLA-identical female sibling born by vaginal delivery at 38 weeks. The patient was prepared with busulfan, cyclophosphamide and antilymphocyte globulin. Methotrexate and cyclosporin A were given for the prophylaxis of GVHD. Regimen-related toxicity was not observed and successful engraftment occurred, including the erythroid series. No evidence of acute or chronic GVHD has been observed for 14 months after transplantation. This is the first case of successful umbilical cord blood transplantation to a patient with Diamond-Blackfan anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonno
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University, School of Medicine, Japan
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40
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms whereby urinary trypsin inhibitor prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery in mice. METHODS On day 15 of pregnancy, C3H/HeNCrg female mice impregnated by Crg:B6D2F1 male mice were treated intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (50 micrograms/kg, twice at a 3-hour interval) to induce preterm delivery. Urinary trypsin inhibitor (2.5 x 10(4), 7.5 x 10(4), or 25 x 10(4) units/kg, ten times at 1-hour intervals) or saline solution was administered intraperitoneally to the animals. RESULTS The incidence of preterm delivery was significantly decreased on a dose-related basis by urinary trypsin inhibitor treatment. Urinary trypsin inhibitor prevented the morphologic and functional changes in fetal membranes and cervical ripening preceding the onset of preterm delivery. Urinary trypsin inhibitor also suppressed the increase in plasma and amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha after the lipopolysaccharide dosing in this animal model for preterm delivery. CONCLUSION Urinary trypsin inhibitor prevents the pathogenicity of preterm delivery through the suppression of cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaga
- Toxicology Laboratory, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
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41
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Obata M, Nishimori H, Ogawa K, Lee GH. Identification of the Par2 (Pulmonary adenoma resistance) locus on mouse chromosome 18, a major genetic determinant for lung carcinogen resistance in BALB/cByJ mice. Oncogene 1996; 13:1599-604. [PMID: 8895504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The A/J mouse strain is 14 times more susceptible to urethane-induction of lung carcinogenesis than the BALB/cByJ strain (BALB). The relative resistance of BALB is dominant over the high sensitivity of A/J, since (BALBxA/J)F1 mice are phenotypically similar to the parental BALB mice. BALB mice must thus possess modifier genes suppressing phenotypic expression of the Pas (Pulmonary adenoma susceptibility) genes, which are known to be dominant genetic determinants for lung carcinogenesis in A/J mice. In order to genetically dissect the dominant resistance of the BALB mouse, we performed a linkage analysis to chromosomally map modifier genes by using 130 (A/JxBALB)F1xA/J backcross mice. Each backcross mouse was injected i.p. with urethane (1 mg/g bw) at 6 weeks of age and lung tumors were enumerated after 120 days. When the backcross mice were genotyped at multiple simple sequence repeat marker loci distributed on all the chromosomes, a significant linkage between the presence of a BALB allele and resistance to lung tumor induction was found on distal chromosome 18 (maximum LOD = 12.2). Thus, distal chromosome 18 of the BALB mouse contains a modifier gene for lung carcinogenesis: The locus, designated Par2 (Pulmonary adenoma resistance), accounted for 38% of the phenotypic variance in the backcross population, indicating a major role in protection against lung tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obata
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical College, Nishikagura, Japan
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42
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Kaga N, Katsuki Y, Kakinuma C, Obata M, Shibutani Y, Omata S. Usefulness of a new tactile sensor for measurement of uterine cervical ripening in mice in a quantitative and noninvasive manner. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:713-8. [PMID: 8828439 DOI: 10.1053/ob.1996.v175.a74406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish a method with a new tactile sensor for determining in a quantitative and noninvasive manner the extent of uterine cervical ripening. STUDY DESIGN We used a newly designed tactile sensor to measure the softness of the cervix in untreated nonpregnant, pregnant, parturient, and nursing mice and then on day 15 of gestation in pregnant mice treated with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, to elucidate the correlation between the extent of cervical softness and its morphologic changes, we observed microscopically the uterine cervices. RESULTS The hardness of the murine cervix decreased with the progression of pregnancy and became minimal at delivery. We demonstrated for the first time with a tactile sensor for measuring hardness that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and lipopolysaccharide significantly decreased the stiffness of the murine cervix. These findings were supported by the morphologic observations on the cervices. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the tactile sensor for measuring hardness makes it possible to determine the extent of cervical ripening quantitatively rather than qualitatively. We consider that cervical ripening determined objectively in this manner is a good parameter to predict the onset of preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaga
- Toxicology Laboratory, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
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43
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Suga S, Miyahara M, Obata M, Higashigawa M, Ito M, Ihara T, Kamiya H, Sheng J, Ueda S, Sakurai M. Detection by polymerase chain reaction of wild-type measles virus genome in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with SSPE who had received measles vaccine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 5:37-42. [PMID: 15566859 DOI: 10.1016/0928-0197(95)00157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/1995] [Revised: 09/11/1995] [Accepted: 09/26/1995] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that approximately 4-5% of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were given measles vaccination but had no history of natural measles. However, in the case who received measles vaccine, it has been extremely difficult to determine whether the actual cause of SSPE is the inoculated vaccine virus or not. OBJECTIVES To detect the measles virus genome in a patient with SSPE and to analyze its nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence. STUDY DESIGN We applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the measles virus genome in specimens from a 12-year-old boy with SSPE who had received measles vaccine 10 years before and had no history of apparent natural measles. The oligonucleotide primers for PCR were prepared based on the nucleotide sequence of the F and NP genes of the measles virus Edmonston strain. RESULTS F and NP genes were detected in both the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis of the F gene showed that the patient's virus was different from that of the vaccine strain. Judging from these results, it was likely that the SSPE-associated strain in this case was derived from the wild-type rather than the vaccine strain. CONCLUSIONS PCR is a useful method to establish a definitive diagnosis of SSPE and to study the nature of the SSPE-associated virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suga
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514, Japan
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44
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Kaga N, Katsuki Y, Obata M, Shibutani Y. Repeated administration of low-dose lipopolysaccharide induces preterm delivery in mice: a model for human preterm parturition and for assessment of the therapeutic ability of drugs against preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174:754-9. [PMID: 8623817 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to establish a new animal model for human preterm delivery for assessment of the protective effect of drugs against preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN C3H/HeN, C3H/HeN, and BALB/c female mice impregnated by C3H/HeN, B6D2F1, and B6D2F1 male mice, respectively, were treated intraperitoneally with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (0 to 100 microgram/kg, single dose or repeated doses at 1- to 6-hour intervals) on days 12 through 17 of pregnancy. On day 15 of pregnancy, the C3H/HeN females that had been impregnated by B6D2F1 males and administered lipopolysaccharide were treated intraperitoneally with indomethacin (1000 microgram/kg), ritodrine hydrochloride (1000 microgram/kg), urinary trypsin inhibitor (25 x 10(4) units/kg), or gabexate mesylate (100 mg/kg); preterm or term delivery was recorded for these mice. RESULTS C3H/HeN females impregnated by B6D2F1 males revealed the highest (100%) incidence of preterm delivery when the females were treated with 50 microgram/kg lipopolysaccharide twice at a 3-hour interval on day 15 or 17 of pregnancy. Indomethacin and urinary trypsin inhibitor used separately significantly decreased the incidence of preterm delivery, but only urinary trypsin inhibitor, and not any of the other drugs, significantly increased the incidence of term delivery in the mice. CONCLUSION A new animal model for investigation of preterm delivery was established, and its usefulness for assessment of the protective effect of drugs against preterm delivery was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaga
- Toxicology Laboratory, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
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Kurokawa M, Futamura Y, Obata M, Shibutani Y. Re: Enhanced cancer growth in mice administered daily human-equivalent doses of some H1-antihistamines: predictive in vitro correlates. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87:1638-9. [PMID: 7563207 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/87.21.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Tagami H, Tadaki T, Obata M, Koyama J. Functional assessment of the stratum corneum under the influence of oral aromatic retinoid (etretinate) in guinea-pigs and humans. Comparison with topical retinoic acid treatment. Br J Dermatol 1992; 127:470-5. [PMID: 1467285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinically we have noted that the skin of patients treated with long-term oral etretinate becomes uniformly soft and smooth to touch, like facial skin that becomes smoother and less wrinkled following treatment with topical tretinoin. This suggests that retinoids, whether used systemically or topically, alter the physical properties of the skin, particularly of the stratum corneum (SC). To study the influence of retinoids on the SC, we serially assessed the functional properties of the SC non-invasively in retinoid-treated humans and experimental animals. SC hydration and barrier function were assessed by measurement of high-frequency conductance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), respectively. Daily application of topical retinoic acid creams was found to rapidly induce a time- and dose-dependent, linear increase in SC hydration of the forearm skin of healthy adults over a 2-week period and to compromise its water barrier function in a similar fashion. Systemic administration of high-dosage etretinate, 4 or 8 mg/kg/day, to guinea-pigs also induced dose-dependent increases in both SC hydration and TEWL measured on the plantar skin after 1 month. Moreover, in the animals given etretinate 4 mg/kg/day we confirmed a slight but significant decrease in the number of cell layers of the plantar SC. Likewise, patients with various dermatoses began to show similar functional changes of the SC in the uninvolved skin of the flexor surface of the forearms 3 weeks after the start of oral etretinate treatment, consisting of 50 mg daily for 2 weeks, followed by gradual dose tapering.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tagami
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Obata M. [Investigation of lipid peroxidation in regenerating rat liver]. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1992; 93:833-41. [PMID: 1435708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of lipid peroxidation in regenerating rat liver. Partial 70% hepatectomy was performed in rat according to Higgings and Anderson. EPC (alpha Toc: Ascorbic acid = 6:4, radical scavenger) was injected intravenously (5mg/kg weight) one hour before operation. Lipid peroxidation in regenerating liver reached a peak at 24 hours after operation. The administration of EPC markedly suppressed the increase of lipid peroxide in the plasma and remnant liver and that of GPT after hepatectomy, with subsequent good liver regeneration ratio. Moreover, the pretreatment with EPC remarkably elevated the activity of thymidine kinase (index of DAN synthesis). The EPC administration had not notable effects on the level of plasma ketone body ratio in animal but pathologically caused early advent of glycogen granule in the remnant liver tissue after partial hepatectomy, which reflected restoration of mitochondrial energy level. The results of the present study suggest that scavenger may be useful not only for impairment of liver dysfunction but also for recovery of mitochondrial energy level and DNA synthesis after liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obata
- Second Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Nakao T, Obata M, Yamaguchi Y, Marubayashi N, Ikeda K, Morimoto Y. Synthesis and biological activities of optical isomers of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-(1)benzothiepino[5,4-c]pyridazin-3(2H)-o ne 7-oxide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1992; 40:117-21. [PMID: 1349512 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.40.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two enantiomers of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-(1)benzothiepino[5,4- c]pyridazin-3(2H)-one 7-oxide ((+/-)-1: Y-23684) were synthesized in high yields by asymmetric oxidation of the synthetic precursor (2) using modified Sharpless reagent. Among the oxidants tested, cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) gave the highest optical and chemical yields, while tert-butyl, tert-amyl, and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxides did not show such high enantio-selectivities. The absolute configuration of (+)-1 enantiomer synthesized from 2, Ti(O-iso-Pr)4, (-)-diethyl tartarate, and CHP was determined to be S by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Both enantiomers, S-(+)-1 and R-(-)-1, and (+/-)-1 had approximately equivalent in vivo activities to antibicuculline test in mice and anticonflict test in rats, although S-( + )-1 showed about three times higher affinity to benzodiazepine receptor than R-(-)-1 in [3H]diazepam binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakao
- Research Laboratories, Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Thirty-six patients who underwent major surgery were studied in order to clarify the perioperative changes in polymorpho - nuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function and serum opsonic activity. In patients without postoperative infection, the PMNL phagocytic-bactericidal capacity and plasma elastase levels significantly increased, while the serum opsonic index remarkably decreased just after surgery, however, all returned to the preoperative levels within 1 or 2 weeks. Conversely, in patients with postoperative infection, the PMNL bactericidal capacity and plasma elastase levels remained at high levels even after 1 or 2 weeks, while the PMNL phagocytic capacity and serum opsonic index substantially decreased after 2 weeks compared with the patients without postoperative infection. Plasma leukotriene B4, which is a potent chemo-attractant for PMNL, noticeably decreased in the patients with postoperative infection on the first postoperative day compared with that in the patients without postoperative infection. Our data suggests that the most important predisposing factors to postoperative infection may be a depressed PMNL phagocytic capacity and a lower serum opsonic activity after surgery, and that the increased PMNL bactericidal capacity and high plasma elastase levels during postoperative infection may contribute to the susceptibility to multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inoue
- Second Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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