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Ghazani SM, Guedes AMM, Antoniassi R, Chiu MC, Marangoni AG. Cocoa butter equivalent from
Kpangnan
butter and
Pequi
oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed M. Ghazani
- Department of Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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Domingues MAF, da Silva TLT, Chiu MC, Ribeiro APB, Gonçalves LAG. Tailoring crystallization and physical properties of palm mid-fraction with sorbitan tristearate and sucrose stearate. Food Chem 2022; 369:130943. [PMID: 34469838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses sorbitan and sucrose ester in physical transformations of palm mid-fraction (PMF). Both emulsifiers influenced the crystallization properties of PMF, mainly due to emulsifier solubility, which affects its ability to interfere with the kinetics of solution-mediated phase transformations. DSC results corroborate the polymorphism analysis, indicating that the mechanism and rate of phase transformation depend on the chemical structure and amount of each emulsifier. The addition of sorbitan tristearate (STS) and sucrose stearate (S-370) increased the crystallization speed of the PMF and caused changes in the crystallization behavior. STS favored the β'→β transition, while S-370 stabilized the β'-form. We can conclude that the presence of emulsifiers dissimilar to the composition of PMF modified its physical structure, either by increasing the liquid fraction or by reducing molecular motion, facilitating or preventing polymorphic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aliciane Fontenele Domingues
- Departamento de Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Socioeconomia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 153, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Ming Chih Chiu
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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3
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Domingues MAF, Da Silva TLT, Ribeiro APB, Chiu MC, Gonçalves LAG. Structural characteristics of crystals formed in palm oil using sorbitan tristearate and sucrose stearate. International Journal of Food Properties 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1440237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming Chih Chiu
- Department of Food Technology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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4
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da Silva TLT, Domingues MAF, Chiu MC, Goncalves LAG. Templating effects of dipalmitin on soft palm mid-fraction crystals. International Journal of Food Properties 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1318290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Lomonaco Teodoro da Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas (Unicamp), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aliciane Fontenele Domingues
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza (CNN), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Campus Lagoa do Sino Rodovia Lauri Simões de Barros, Buri, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ming Chih Chiu
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas (Unicamp), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Goncalves
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas (Unicamp), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Domingues MAF, da Silva TLT, Ribeiro APB, Chiu MC, Gonçalves LAG. Sucrose behenate as a crystallization enhancer for soft fats. Food Chem 2016; 192:972-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Fontenele Domingues MA, Badan Ribeiro AP, Chiu MC, Gonçalves LAG. Sorbitan and sucrose esters as modifiers of the solidification properties of zero trans fats. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Masuchi MH, Gandra KM, Marangoni AL, de Sá Perenha C, Chiu MC, Grimaldi R, Gonçalves LAG. Fats from Chemically Interesterified High-Oleic Sunflower Oil and Fully Hydrogenated Palm Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Lam HSHS, Lai WM, Wong SN, Chiu MC, Chu WCW, Ng PC, Chan MHM, Lam CWK, Tse NKC, Kwong NS, Mak TWL. Two-year follow-up for children with melamine exposure in Hong Kong: a multicentre study. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19 Suppl 8:10-11. [PMID: 24473520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H S H S Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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9
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de Morais Coutinho C, Chiu MC, Basso RC, Ribeiro APB, Gonçalves LAG, Viotto LA. State of art of the application of membrane technology to vegetable oils: A review. Food Res Int 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Chiu MC. Melamine-tainted milk product (MTMP) renal stone outbreak in humans. Hong Kong Med J 2008; 14:424-426. [PMID: 19060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
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11
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Yuen LK, Lai WM, Lau SC, Tong PC, Tse KC, Chiu MC. Ten-year review of disease pattern from percutaneous renal biopsy: an experience from a paediatric tertiary renal centre in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2008; 14:348-355. [PMID: 18840904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the childhood renal disease pattern based on the renal biopsy histology in a local paediatric tertiary renal centre. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS All patients who underwent real-time ultrasound-guided closed renal biopsy from 1 April 1997 to 31 March 2007 were included. RESULTS A total of 209 renal biopsies were performed, 162 on native kidneys and 47 on grafts. In the native group, major indications were renal manifestations secondary to systemic diseases (34%), followed by idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (28%) and haematuria (27%). In 94% the histopathology revealed glomerular diseases. Among the primary glomerular diseases, thin glomerular basement membrane disease, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, minimal change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis accounted for most. In all, 37% of patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and its relative incidence was increased when compared to previous studies. Minimal change disease and minimal change disease with mesangial immunoglobulin M deposits accounted for the majority of steroid dependent and frequent relapsers. Among patients with isolated microscopic haematuria, 73% had thin glomerular basement membrane disease, while patients with concomitant haematuria and proteinuria had a wide variety of pathology. In the kidney graft group, acute graft dysfunction was due to acute rejection in 38% of the patients, followed by calcineurin inhibitor toxicity in 14%. Chronic allograft nephropathy caused chronic allograft dysfunction in the majority of cases. Post-transplant proteinuria was caused by recurrence of the primary renal disease in all of our patients. CONCLUSION This study provides updated epidemiological information for childhood renal disease and a change in the pattern of disease was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Yuen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong.
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12
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Chiu MC, Gioielli LA, Grimaldi R. Lipídios estruturados obtidos a partir da mistura de gordura de frango, sua estearina e triacilgliceróis de cadeia média: I- Composição em ácidos graxos e em triacilgliceróis. QUIM NOVA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422008000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Chiu MC, Gioielli LA, Grimaldi R. Lipídios estruturados obtidos a partir da mistura de gordura de frango, sua estearina e triacilgliceróis de cadeia média: II- pontos de amolecimento e fusão. QUIM NOVA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422008000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Aragon-Alegro LC, Alarcon Alegro JH, Roberta Cardarelli H, Chih Chiu M, Isay Saad SM. Potentially probiotic and synbiotic chocolate mousse. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kuo MH, Lu WN, Chiu MC, Kuo YH, Hwang SH. Temperature-dependent development and population growth of Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Homoptera: Pemphigidae) on three host plants. J Econ Entomol 2006; 99:1209-13. [PMID: 16937674 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-99.4.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The root aphid Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki) (Homoptera: Pemphigidae) is a pest of many Gramineae species; however, little is known about its biology and relationships with host plants. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of temperature on development, longevity, fecundity, and population growth of T. nigriabdominalis and to assess the effects of host plant on development of T. nigriabdominalis. The effects of temperature on performance of this root aphid were determined at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 +/- 1 degrees C on rice roots, Oryza sativa L. Nymphal stages from birth to adult decreased from 46.3 d at 10 degrees C to 8.5 d at 30 degrees C. Aphid survival and development were lowest at 35 degrees C, and no aphid produced progeny at this temperature. Average adult longevity decreased from 23.3 d at 15 degrees C to 8.2 d at temperatures up to 35 degrees C. Average number of nymphs produced per female was highest at 25 degrees C; averaging near 30 nymphs per female, but it dropped to near zero at both 10 and 35 degrees C. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) was 0.241 at 30 degrees C. Net reproductive rate (R(0)) ranged from 29.8 at 25 degrees C to 0.2 at 10 degrees C. The generation time (GT) decreased with increasing temperatures from 60.3 d at 10 degrees C to 13.8 d at 30 degrees C. In addition, root aphids reared at 30 degrees C on three host plants [O. sativa, Zea mays L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] revealed that the developmental time of the nymphal stages averaged 6.9 d when reared on O. sativa and 10.7 d when reared on Z. mays. Comparison of the nitrogen content of the three host plants indicated that the root nitrogen content was highest in O. sativa. The effect of nitrogen content on aphid performance, however, is still not clear. Other factors, such as plant secondary chemistry, may play a role in affecting aphid performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwa Kuo
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402
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17
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Wong ATY, Tsang OTY, Wong MYF, Lim WL, Zheng BJ, Lee SS, Lai ST, Yuen KY, Choi KW, Tso EYK, Chau TN, Tong WL, Chiu MC, Yu WC. Coronavirus infection in an AIDS patient. AIDS 2004; 18:829-30. [PMID: 15075525 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200403260-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Abstract
A novel coronavirus-associated communicable respiratory disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), spread worldwide after an outbreak in Guangdong Province of the People's Republic of China in November 2002. Since late February 2003, there has been an epidemic in Hong Kong involving both adult and pediatric patients. The clinical course, intensive care, and outcome of adolescent twin sisters with SARS are described. Adolescents infected with SARS may develop severe illness as adults, and close monitoring for disease progression in terms of both clinical and radiologic deterioration is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Fong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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19
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Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of treating Kawasaki disease earlier than Day 5 of illness with a standard dose of immunoglobulin and aspirin. We performed a case-control study of patients with Kawasaki disease admitted to Princess Margaret Hospital from 1994 to 1999. Patients with pretreatment coronary aneurysm or those treated after day 10 of illness were excluded. All patients received immunoglobulin (2 g/kg) and aspirin (80-100 mg/kg/day) until fever subsided for 48 hours. Immunoglobulin retreatment was given for persistent fever 48 hours after the first dose of immunoglobulin or recrudescent fever. The case group consisted of 15 patients who received treatment earlier than day 5 of illness, and the control group consisted of 66 patients who were treated on or after day 5. Patients' sex, age, duration of posttreatment fever, need for additional immunoglobulin, and coronary artery status were noted. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the duration of posttreatment fever and the prevalence of coronary artery aneurysms. Eighty-one patients were included in this study. There were 15 patients in the case group and 66 in the control group. No significant difference was noted in age and sex between the case and control groups. Thirty-three percent (5/15) and 8% (5/66) of the case and control groups, respectively, had persistent/ recrudescent fever 48 hours after the first dose of immunoglobulin that required retreatment ( p = 0.017). Thirteen percent (2/15) and 5% (3/66) of the case and control groups, respectively, had coronary aneurysms ( p = 0.158). Treatment of Kawasaki disease before day 5 of illness was associated with persistent/recrudescent fever that required retreatment. However, there was no significant increase in the prevalence of coronary aneurysm if retreatment was given.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Fong
- Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Lai King Hill Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Chronic HBsAg carriers are known to have a higher risk of hepatitis-related mortality and morbidity when undergoing kidney transplantation. Immunosuppressants might flare up the infection that could be fulminating. Lamivudine and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have been shown to be effective in inhibiting replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV). With these two drugs, hepatitis related adverse outcome might be preventable when these patients are being transplanted. Four Chinese adolescents with chronic HBV infection were transplanted in our Department from 1999 to 2001. Immunosuppresants included prednisolone, cyclosporin A and MMF; azathioprine was not used for its potentially liver toxic effect. Prophylactic lamivudine 3 mg/kg and maximum 100 mg daily was given just before transplantation and was continued afterwards. HBV status and liver enzymes were monitored serially. Patients were followed up for 26.0 +/- 10.3 (11-34) months post-transplant and no mortality was reported. All grafts were functioning and no rejection was noted. MMF and lamivudine were well tolerated. Alanine transaminase was only transiently elevated in the first 2 months post-transplant in all patients and became normal afterwards. The patients were clinically well and liver function was normal at the last follow-up. However, HBV DNA became positive in three patients after the transplantation. YMDD mutant HBV was negative in one patient and undeterminable in the other three due to low virus load. In summary, with prophylactic lamivudine and MMF, short-term follow-up showed that renal transplant might be feasible and safe in chronic HBV carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
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Hon KLE, Leung CW, Cheng WTF, Chan PKS, Chu WCW, Kwan YW, Li AM, Fong NC, Ng PC, Chiu MC, Li CK, Tam JS, Fok TF. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children. Lancet 2003; 361:1701-3. [PMID: 12767737 PMCID: PMC7112484 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hong Kong has been severely affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Contact in households and health-care settings is thought to be important for transmission, putting children at particular risk. Most data so far, however, have been for adults. We prospectively followed up the first ten children with SARS managed during the early phase of the epidemic in Hong Kong. All the children had been in close contact with infected adults. Persistent fever, cough, progressive radiographic changes of chest and lymphopenia were noted in all patients. The children were treated with high-dose ribavirin, oral prednisolone, or intravenous methylprednisolone, with no short-term adverse effects. Four teenagers required oxygen therapy and two needed assisted ventilation. None of the younger children required oxygen supplementation. Compared with adults and teenagers, SARS seems to have a less aggressive clinical course in younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- KLE Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Adminstrative Region, China
| | - CW Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - WTF Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Adminstrative Region, China
| | - PKS Chan
- Microbiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Adminstrative Region, China
| | - WCW Chu
- Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Adminstrative Region, China
| | - YW Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - AM Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Adminstrative Region, China
| | - NC Fong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - PC Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Adminstrative Region, China
| | - MC Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CK Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - JS Tam
- Microbiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Adminstrative Region, China
| | - TF Fok
- Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Special Adminstrative Region, China
- Correspondence to: Prof T F Fok, Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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Chiu MC, Gioielli LA. Conteúdo de gordura sólida da gordura abdominal de frango, de suas estearinas e de suas misturas binárias com toucinho. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612002000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kuo HW, Yang JS, Chiu MC. Determination of urinary and salivary cotinine using gas and liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 768:297-303. [PMID: 11888058 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(01)00613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare cotinine concentrations in urine and saliva using gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ninety-four subjects were selected (27 smokers and 67 non-smokers) and interviewed using questionnaire. Of the non-smokers, 39 had been exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and 28 had not been exposed to ETS. Cotinine levels among smokers were highest using all three measurements, followed by ETS exposed subjects and non-smokers. Cotinine levels in urine, using HPLC, correlated significantly with levels measured using ELISA (r=0.92) and GC-nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) (r=0.92). Salivary cotinine levels measured using ELISA did not correlate significantly with either HPLC (r=0.37) or GC-NPD (r=0.33) measurements. Multiple regression models were used to adjust for age, gender, drug use and health status, and it was found that cotinine levels in urine and saliva were significantly correlated with smoking pack-year. The authors conclude that urinary cotinine concentration is a more accurate biomarker for ETS than salivary cotinine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Kuo
- Institute of Environmental Health, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Lei HH, Chen MH, Yang WS, Chiu MC, Chen MC, Tai TY, Chuang LM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 Pro12Ala gene variant is strongly associated with larger body mass in the Taiwanese. Metabolism 2000; 49:1267-70. [PMID: 11079814 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2000.9517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) has been studied extensively because of its putative role in adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. The association of the Pro12Ala and Pro115Gln PPARgamma2 gene variants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the body mass index (BMI), and other diabetes-related phenotypes was examined in the Taiwanese population. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Allele frequencies were compared between 280 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 310 subjects without diabetes using the chi-square test. Continuous phenotype analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression adjusting for age and BMI where appropriate. There was no significant association between the Pro12Ala gene variant and type 2 diabetes; the frequency of the Ala12 allele was 0.03 in type 2 diabetics and 0.04 in nondiabetics (P = .40). The Gln115 allele was not detected in any of the cases or controls. In multiple linear regression analysis of all cases and controls combined adjusted for age, sex, and diabetic status, carriers of the Ala12 allele had a mean BMI of 25.9+/-0.5 kg/m2 (mean +/- SE), compared with 24.2+/-0.1 kg/m2 in Pro12 homozygotes (P < .001). In addition, carriers of the Ala12 allele have a 2.9 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 5.5) higher odds of having a BMI of at least 25 kg/m2. These results suggest that in the Taiwanese, the Pro12Ala PPARgamma2 gene variant may contribute to fat accumulation and a higher BMI independent of type 2 diabetes. These results need to be confirmed in future studies, as a linkage disequilibrium of this variant with other mutations cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Lei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Chiu MC. Development of paediatric nephrology in Hong Kong. Chin Med J (Engl) 1999; 112:569-70. [PMID: 11601341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M C Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Sniadack DH, Moscoso B, Aguilar R, Heath J, Bellini W, Chiu MC. Measles epidemiology and outbreak response immunization in a rural community in Peru. Bull World Health Organ 1999; 77:545-52. [PMID: 10444877 PMCID: PMC2557697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Only limited data are available on the impact of measles outbreak response immunization (ORI) in developing countries. We conducted a community survey in Espindola, a rural border community in northern Peru, following a measles outbreak and subsequent ORI to study the epidemiology and impact of the outbreak and to evaluate the costs and benefits of measles ORI. During the outbreak, 150 of the 553 Espindola residents developed clinical cases of measles. Adults accounted for 44.0% of cases, and were frequently identified as primary cases. The attack rate among all susceptible people was 45.5% and was highest (61.2%) for the 16-20 year age group. Among adults, significant risk factors for developing measles included being aged 16-20 years (relative risk [RR] = 3.06, 95% CI = 2.08, 4.49) and being male (RR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.71). Among serologically confirmed cases, 60.7% developed diarrhoea and 32.1% pneumonia. The overall case-fatality rate was 3.3%, but reached 19.1% in the 0-23-month age group. Failure to reach children through either routine immunization or national campaigns made this community vulnerable to the severe and extensive impact of measles virus importation. The ORI campaign targeted non-measles case children aged 6 months to 15 years, regardless of their previous immunization status, and was effective in terminating this measles outbreak and in preventing morbidity, loss of livelihood and death despite the involvement of large numbers of adults in measles transmission. The last measles case occurred within 3 weeks of completing ORI. The ORI campaign, which would have cost approximately US$ 3000 in 1998, saved as many as 1155 person-days of work among 77 adults, prevented an estimated 87 cases of diarrhoea and 46 cases of pneumonia, and averted 5 deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Sniadack
- International Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
We report a 15-year-old Fabry heterozygote presenting to us with asymptomatic proteinuria. During the dissection-microscopic examination, the glomeruli exhibited a characteristic swollen, glistening and white appearance. They were swollen and bulged out from the surface of the renal core. The glomerular tufts appeared to be filled with opaque and whitish material giving them a pale white discoloration. This appearance is due to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in visceral epithelial cells of the kidney. This feature is important for the investigation of female patients with asymptomatic proteinuria, as in two thirds of Fabry heterozygotes the characteristic skin lesions are absent, and thus heterozygous Fabry disease may not be considered. We suggest that this easily demonstrable appearance can be the first evidence for the disease and pathologists should be aware of it in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Yuen
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong
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Abstract
In 1993, a cross-sectional study of sexual maturation of normal Chinese schoolgirls was performed in Hong Kong. The aim of the study was to obtain an up-to-date reference for normal pubertal development in Chinese girls. Breast development was assessed in 3749 girls aged 7-19 y, and pubic hair rating was assessed in 3745 girls. Menstrual status was recorded in 6467 girls over 6 y of age. The median age of onset of puberty as indicated by breast stage II or above was 9.78 (95% CI 9.70-9.85) y. The median age of onset of pubic hair development was 11.64 (95% CI 11.56-11.72) y. The median age of menarche was 12.38 (95% CI 11.98-12.78) years. Percentile values for the age at which each puberty staging appeared were constructed and incorporated into the height-for-age charts. When comparison is made with similar studies done in 1962 and 1979, a significant downward secular trend in sexual maturation is observed (p < 0.01). Except for breast development the downward secular trend in sexual maturation appears to be diminishing and may be coming to a halt in the Chinese girls in Hong Kong. Their median ages of sexual maturation are now among one of the earliest medians recorded in the world population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Huen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
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Chiu MC. What is the actual management of a child with membranous glomerulopathy associated with chronic hepatitis B? Pediatr Nephrol 1996; 10:146. [PMID: 8703698 DOI: 10.1007/bf00862056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chiu MC. Nephrotic syndrome, was found to be positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Pediatr Nephrol 1996; 10:134. [PMID: 8611346 DOI: 10.1007/bf00863472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy has been reported in patients receiving chemotherapy (CT). It is characterized by abrupt alteration in mental status with markedly elevated plasma ammonium levels in the absence of obvious liver disease. This paper reports seven patients who developed transient hyperammonemia during chemotherapy. The regimens all included continuous infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The onset of hyperammonemic encephalopathy was 1.5-4 days after the start of CT. Five cases had infection and six had prerenal azotemia at the time of hyperammonemia. After management, plasma ammonium levels all returned to the normal range within 2 days. Except for one persistent coma, status of consciousness cleared completely. The true mechanism of transient hyperammonemia is unclear. The excess production of ammonium due to metabolites of 5-FU added to precipitating factors such as infection, hypovolemia or constipation may be the explanation for transient hyperammonemia in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Liaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
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terBrugge K, Lasjaunias P, Chiu MC, Marotta TR, Tatton W, Glen J. The rhesus monkey as an animal model for training in interventional neuroradiology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1989; 10:1203-8. [PMID: 2512783 PMCID: PMC8332420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The angiographic anatomy of the external carotid artery system in the rhesus monkey is described. Similarities and differences between human and monkey anatomy are emphasized, as well as anatomic variations and potential collateral pathways. Superselective angiography and embolization in the external carotid artery system of the rhesus monkey proved to be technically feasible and potentially represents an excellent training model for surgical neuroangiographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- K terBrugge
- Department of Radiology, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Spiegel SM, Nixon B, TerBrugge K, Chiu MC, Schutz H. Arachnoid cyst of the velum interpositum. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1988; 9:981-3. [PMID: 3140645 PMCID: PMC8367689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Spiegel
- Department of Radiology, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
In the three year period of 1982 to 1985, 152 patients with intracranial vascular malformations were referred to the Bicetre Hospital in Paris, France and the Toronto Western Hospital in Canada. Sixty-six patients with cerebral vascular malformations and 48 patients with dural vascular malformations underwent endovascular treatment. In 8 patients surgery was performed in combination with the embolization procedure. Detailed analysis of the angio-architecture of the vascular malformation reveals certain characteristics which may be of value in predicting the clinical outcome. Comprehensive data analysis and long term follow-up is necessary to assess the role of embolization in the treatment of intracranial vascular malformations.
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Cheriyan G, Helms P, Paky F, Marsden D, Chiu MC. Transcutaneous estimation of arterial carbon dioxide in intensive care. Which electrode temperature? Arch Dis Child 1986; 61:652-6. [PMID: 3090946 PMCID: PMC1777902 DOI: 10.1136/adc.61.7.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcutaneous and arterial carbon dioxide were measured simultaneously in 57 children (age range 10 days to 14.3 years) undergoing intensive care. All were haemodynamically stable at the time of study. Mean calibration time with 5 and 10% carbon dioxide was 43 (range 38-58) minutes and mean arterialisation time was 10.5 (range 3-30) minutes. Duplicate hourly arterial samples over a four hour period showed that transcutaneous: arterial carbon dioxide correlation was independent of electrode temperatures over the range 42-44 degrees C and was independent of child age. One and a half hours after electrode placement transcutaneous carbon dioxide (kPa) = arterial carbon dioxide X 1.41 + 0.02. Use of a simple ratio (arterial carbon dioxide = transcutaneous carbon dioxide/1.40) resulted in a mean estimate of arterial carbon dioxide within 3% of the actual value with coefficients of variation of 11 and 15% at 1.5 and 4.5 hours, respectively. For prediction of arterial carbon dioxide 95% confidence limits around the regression mean rose from +/- 1.04 kPa (7.8 mm Hg) at 1.5 hours to +/- 1.56 (11.7 mm Hg) at 4.5 hours. Baseline drift was more than +/- 0.67 kPa (5 mm Hg) during 22% of the studies. For a drift of less than 0.67 kPa 95% confidence limits were 0.87 and 1.12 kPa, respectively. Arterial carbon dioxide can be estimated with clinically acceptable tolerances from surface electrodes operating at temperatures between 42-44 degrees C. Improved electrode stability and speed of calibration should make this a valuable monitoring technique.
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Abstract
Lack of preservation of the femoral artery after therapeutic angiography in neonates and infants has been a major obstacle to the repeated use of coaxial catheter systems. A catheter system is described that, because of its small size, has proved successful in the treatment of intracranial vascular malformations in neonates and infants by preservation of the femoral artery for future use.
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Abstract
Transcutaneous oxygen (TcPo2) and carbon dioxide (TcPco2) tensions were compared with arterial values in 23 children aged 4 months to 14 years, all requiring some form of respiratory support, but not in shock. Electrodes were placed on the upper chest and were heated to 45 degrees C. For TcPo2 and arterial oxygen (Pao2) a tight linear correlation over the range 6 to 14 kPa was found. Arterial carbon dioxide (Paco2) ranged between 2.63 and 6.8 kPa, and over this range a linear regression adequately described the relation of TcPco2 to Paco2. No effects of age were found for the relation between TcPo2 and Pao2. Over a four hour period, the mean ratio TcPo2/Pao2 rose significantly from 0.96 to 1.04, while the mean ratio of TcPco2/Paco2 fell from 1.65 to 1.62. Five children developed superficial burns which were still present at 48 hours. In children who require respiratory support but are not in shock, TcPo2 and TcPco2 bear a constant and predictable relation to Pao2 and Paco2, and can predict arterial values within clinically acceptable tolerances.
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Abstract
Treatment planning for patients with tumours of the skull requires a true multidisciplinary approach. Super-selective angiography, using a protocol approach, is necessary in building a proper strategy plan for treatment of these lesions. Embolization done by a well trained team has proven to be a valuable adjunct to the various treatment methods and it may eliminate the need for radiation of benign lesions of the base of the skull.
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Ko RC, Chiu MC, Kum W, Chan SH. First report of human angiostrongyliasis in Hong Kong diagnosed by computerized axial topography (CAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1984; 78:354-5. [PMID: 6464132 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(84)90119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Abstract
✓ The authors report on the potential role of the lumbar infusion technique in the determination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt patency. The test was performed in a series of 12 patients and reliably predicted shunt patency. This method of assessment proved to be superior to computerized tomography scanning because of its ability to demonstrate the CSF dynamics rather than the ventricular size.
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Leckam R, TerBrugge KG, Chiu MC. Computed tomography of the pterygopalatine fossa. J Can Assoc Radiol 1981; 32:97-101. [PMID: 6265460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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