1
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Nguyen DD, Kim E, Le NT, Ding X, Jaiswal RK, Kostlan RJ, Nguyen TNT, Shiva O, Le MT, Chai W. Deficiency in mammalian STN1 promotes colon cancer development via inhibiting DNA repair. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd8023. [PMID: 37163605 PMCID: PMC10171824 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high lethality of colorectal cancers (CRCs), only a limited number of genetic risk factors are identified. The mammalian ssDNA-binding protein complex CTC1-STN1-TEN1 protects genome stability, yet its role in tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show that attenuated CTC1/STN1 expression is common in CRCs. We generated an inducible STN1 knockout mouse model and found that STN1 deficiency in young adult mice increased CRC incidence, tumor size, and tumor load. CRC tumors exhibited enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and elevated DNA damage and replication stress. We found that STN1 deficiency down-regulated multiple DNA glycosylases, resulting in defective base excision repair (BER) and accumulation of oxidative damage. Collectively, this study identifies STN1 deficiency as a risk factor for CRC and implicates the previously unknown STN1-BER axis in protecting colon tissues from oxidative damage, therefore providing insights into the CRC tumor-suppressing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Nhat Thong Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xianzhong Ding
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Rishi Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Raymond Joseph Kostlan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Thi Ngoc Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Olga Shiva
- Office of Research, Washington State University-Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Minh Thong Le
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Weihang Chai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
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2
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Tran TTN, Tran QH, Nguyen QT, Le MT, Trinh DTT, Tran VH, Thai KM. LY3041658/ interleukin-8 complex structure as targets for IL-8 small molecule inhibitors discovery using a combination of in silico methods. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2022; 33:753-778. [PMID: 36318662 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2132536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) and its receptor, CXCR1 and CXCR2, were known in the early 1990s, biological pathways related to these proteins were proven to have high clinical value in cancer and inflammatory/autoimmune conditions treatment. Recently, IL-8 has been identified as biomarker for severe COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 prognosis. Boyles et al. (mAbs 12 (2020), pp. 1831880) have published a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the LY3041658 Fab in a complex human CXCL8. They described the ability to bind to IL-8 and the blocking of IL-8/its receptors interaction by the LY3041658 monoclonal antibody. Therefore, the study has been designed to identify potential small molecules inhibiting interleukin-8 by targeting LY3041658/IL-8 complex structure using an in silico approach. A structure‑based pharmacophore and molecular docking models of the protein active site cavity were generated to identify possible candidates, followed by virtual screening with the ZINC database. ADME analysis of hit compounds was also conducted. Molecular dynamics simulations were then performed to survey the behaviour and stability of the ligand-protein complexes. Furthermore, the MM/PBSA technique has been utilized to evaluate the free binding energy. The final data confirmed that one newly obtained compound, ZINC21882765, may serve as the best potential inhibitor for IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T N Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Q H Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Q T Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - M T Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - D T T Trinh
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - V H Tran
- Institute of Drug Quality Control Ho Chi Minh City, Department of Research and Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - K M Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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3
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Youk S, Le MT, Kang M, Ahn B, Choi M, Kim K, Kim TH, Kim JH, Ho CS, Park C. Development of a high-resolution typing method for SLA-3, swine MHC class I antigen 3. Anim Genet 2021; 53:166-170. [PMID: 34910829 DOI: 10.1111/age.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed a high-resolution and comprehensive typing method for swine leukocyte antigen 3 (SLA-3), an MHC class I gene, employing locus-specific genomic PCR followed by subsequent direct sequencing. A total of 292 individuals from nine pure, one cross-breed and six cell lines were successfully typed. A total of 21 SLA-3 alleles were identified, of which four were found to be novel alleles. However, the allelic diversity of SLA-3 was lower than that of previously reported class I genes, SLA-1 and -2. More SLA-3 alleles were observed in the Landrace and Yorkshire breeds than the other breeds. SLA-3*04:01 was identified in seven out of nine breeds and was the most widely distributed allele across all breeds. Therefore, the typing method reported in this study completes our efforts to develop high-resolution typing methods for major SLA molecules, facilitating the combined analysis of major SLA genes from field samples, which is important to understand the relationship between the adaptive immune responses against pathogens and the immunogenetic makeup of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Youk
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - M T Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - M Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - B Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - M Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea.,Livestock Support Department, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation Agribusiness Group, Seoul, 04516, Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - C S Ho
- Gift of Hope Organ and Tissue Donor Network, 425 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL, 60143, USA
| | - C Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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4
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Choi MK, Le MT, Cho HS, Lee J, Jeon H, Cha SY, Na M, Chun T, Kim JH, Song H, Park C. Transgenic Mice Overexpressing PG1 Display Corneal Opacity and Severe Inflammation in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1586. [PMID: 33557346 PMCID: PMC7915784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are of interest as alternatives to antibiotics or immunomodulators. We generated and characterized the phenotypes of transgenic mice overexpressing protegrin 1 (PG1), a potent porcine cathelicidin. No obvious differences were observed between PG1 transgenic and wild-type mice in terms of growth, development, general behaviour, and the major immune cell population. However, PG1 transgenic mice intranasally infected with Staphylococcus aureus resulted in a reduction in microscopic pulmonary injury, improved clearance of bacteria, and lower proinflammatory cytokine secretion, compared to those of wild-type mice. On the other hand, approximately 25% of PG1 transgenic mice (n = 54/215) showed corneal opacity and developed inflammation in the eye, resulting ultimately in phthisis bulbi. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PG1 and its activator, neutrophil elastase, localized to the basal cells of the cornea and glands in eyelids, respectively. In addition, apoptosis indicated by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected from flat cells of the cornea. Our study suggests that the expression regulation or localization of AMPs such as PG1 is important to prevent their adverse effects. However, our results also showed that the cytotoxic effects of PG1 on cells could be tolerated in animals, except for the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Minh Thong Le
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Se-Yeoun Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Manheum Na
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Taehoon Chun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (M.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Seoul 05029, Korea; (M.-K.C.); (M.T.L.); (H.-S.C.); (J.L.); (H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (H.S.)
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5
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Le MT, Choi H, Lee H, Le VCQ, Ahn B, Ho CS, Hong K, Song H, Kim JH, Park C. SLA-1 Genetic Diversity in Pigs: Extensive Analysis of Copy Number Variation, Heterozygosity, Expression, and Breed Specificity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:743. [PMID: 31959823 PMCID: PMC6971002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine leukocyte antigens play indispensable roles in immune responses by recognizing a large number of foreign antigens and thus, their genetic diversity plays a critical role in their functions. In this study, we developed a new high-resolution typing method for pig SLA-1 and successfully typed 307 individuals from diverse genetic backgrounds including 11 pure breeds, 1 cross bred, and 12 cell lines. We identified a total of 52 alleles including 18 novel alleles and 9 SLA-1 duplication haplotypes, including 4 new haplotypes. We observed significant differences in the distribution of SLA-1 alleles among the different pig breeds, including the breed specific alleles. SLA-1 duplication was observed in 33% of the chromosomes and was especially high in the biomedical model breeds such as SNU (100%) and NIH (76%) miniature pigs. Our analysis showed that SLA-1 duplication is associated with the increased level of SLA-1 mRNA expression in porcine cells compared to that of the single copy haplotype. Therefore, we provide here the results of the most extensive genetic analysis on pig SLA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Thong Le
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hojun Choi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyejeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Van Chanh Quy Le
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Chak-Sum Ho
- Gift of Life Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.
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6
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Tran-Nguyen VK, Le MT, Tran TD, Truong VD, Thai KM. Peramivir binding affinity with influenza A neuraminidase and research on its mutations using an induced-fit docking approach. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2019; 30:899-917. [PMID: 31645133 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1679248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) has caused epidemic infections worldwide, with many strains resistant to inhibitors of a surface protein, neuraminidase (NA), due to point mutations on its structure. A novel NA inhibitor named peramivir was recently approved, but no exhaustive computational research regarding its binding affinity with wild-type and mutant NA has been conducted. In this study, a thorough investigation of IAV-NA PDB entries of 9 subtypes is described, providing a list of residues constituting the protein-ligand binding sites. The results of induced-fit docking approach point out key residues of wild-type NA participating in hydrogen bonds and/or ionic interactions with peramivir, among which Arg 368 is responsible for a peramivir-NA ionic interaction. Mutations on this residue greatly reduced the binding affinity of peramivir with NA, with 3 mutations R378Q, R378K and R378L (NA6) capable of deteriorating the docking performance of peramivir by over 50%. 200 compounds from 6-scaffolds were docked into these 3 mutant versions, revealing 18 compounds giving the most promising results. Among them, CMC-2012-7-1527-56 (benzoic acid scaffold, IC50 = 32 nM in inhibitory assays with IAV) is deemed the most potential inhibitor of mutant NA resisting both peramivir and zanamivir, and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Tran-Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M T Le
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - T D Tran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V D Truong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - K M Thai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Lee J, Le MT, Choi MK, Quy Le VC, Choi H, Lee H, Song H, Kim JH, Park C. Development of a simple SLA-1 copy-number-variation typing and the comparison of typing accuracy between real-time quantitative and droplet digital PCR. Anim Genet 2019; 50:315-316. [PMID: 30957247 DOI: 10.1111/age.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Minh Thong Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyeung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Van Chanh Quy Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hojun Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyejeong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
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8
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Jeon H, Le MT, Ahn B, Cho HS, Le VCQ, Yum J, Hong K, Kim JH, Song H, Park C. Copy number variation of PR-39 cathelicidin, and identification of PR-35, a natural variant of PR-39 with reduced mammalian cytotoxicity. Gene 2019; 692:88-93. [PMID: 30641213 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proline-arginine-rich (PR)-39 is neutrophil antimicrobial peptide that has potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and some enveloped viruses as a part of the innate immune system. We analyzed the nucleotide sequence variations of PR-39 exon 4, which is the mature peptide region responsible for antimicrobial activity, from 48 pigs of six breeds using sequence-based typing. The analysis identified four alleles including allele PR-35 with a 12-bp deletion near the N-terminus. Interestingly, 16.7% of individuals showed the presence of three alleles per individual, but only in the Berkshire and Duroc breeds. We further analyzed the genetic diversity of PR-39 for the entire genomic region of the gene from PR-39 exon 1 to the 3' untranslated region for different alleles by PCR amplification and cloning. The antimicrobial activity of chemically synthesized PR-35 was similar to that of PR-39, but the level of mammalian cell cytotoxicity was lower than the wild type. Better knowledge of the genetic diversity of PR-39 among different individuals and breeds may contribute to improved immune defense of pigs. PR-35, as a natural antimicrobial peptide variant, could be an interesting candidate for the development of peptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Thong Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Chanh Quy Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joori Yum
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Choi MK, Le MT, Cho H, Yum J, Kang M, Song H, Kim JH, Chung HJ, Hong K, Park C. Determination of complete sequence information of the human ABO blood group orthologous gene in pigs and breed difference in blood type frequencies. Gene 2018; 640:1-5. [PMID: 28966132 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sequence information of the genomic form of the human ABO blood group orthologous gene (erythrocyte antigen A, EAA) is not complete in pigs. Therefore, we cloned and characterized the nucleotide sequence of EAA intron 7, which is critical to understand genetic difference between A and 0 blood groups in pigs, covering complete genomic sequence information of EAA excluding a ~560bp unsequencible gap. We also analyzed genetic polymorphisms within EAA intron 7 and exon 8. We found difference in A0 blood group frequencies among pig breeds. In addition, we designed a new genomic DNA-based A0 blood group typing method and improved the accuracy and simplicity of the typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minh Thong Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyesun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joori Yum
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mingue Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak Jae Chung
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Abstract
Promoters are, generally, located immediately upstream of a transcription start site (TSS) and have a variety of regulatory motifs, such as transcription factors (TFs) and CpG islands (CGIs), that participate in the regulation of gene expression. Here analysis of the promoter region for pig vomeronasal receptor type 1 (V1R) was described. In the analysis, TSSs for pig V1R genes was first identified and five motifs (MV1, MV2, MV3, MV4, and MV5) were found that are shared by at least 50% of the pig V1R promoter input sequences from both strands. Among the five motifs, MV2 was identified as a common promoter motif shared by all (100%) pig V1R promoters. For further analysis, to better characterize and get deeper biological insight associated with MV2, TOMTOM web application was used. MV2 was compared to the known motif databases (such as JASPAR) to see if they are similar to a known regulatory motif (transcription factor). Hence, it was revealed that MV2 serves as the binding site mainly for the BetaBetaAlpha-zinc finger (BTB-ZF) transcription factor gene family to regulate expression of pig V1R genes. Moreover, it was shown that pig V1R promoters are CpG poor, suggesting that their gene expression regulation pattern is in tissue specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunduma Dinka
- a Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Sciences , Adama Science and Technology University , Adama , Ethiopia.,b Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Minh Thong Le
- b Department of Animal Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
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Choi H, Le MT, Lee H, Choi MK, Cho HS, Nagasundarapandian S, Kwon OJ, Kim JH, Seo K, Park JK, Lee JH, Ho CS, Park C. Sequence variations of the locus-specific 5' untranslated regions of SLA class I genes and the development of a comprehensive genomic DNA-based high-resolution typing method for SLA-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 86:255-66. [PMID: 26381046 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules of pigs has not been well characterized. Therefore, the influence of MHC genetic diversity on the immune-related traits of pigs, including disease resistance and other MHC-dependent traits, is not well understood. Here, we attempted to develop an efficient method for systemic analysis of the polymorphisms in the epitope-binding region of swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) class I genes. We performed a comparative analysis of the last 92 bp of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) to the beginning of exon 4 of six SLA classical class I-related genes, SLA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -9, from 36 different sequences. Based on this information, we developed a genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing-based comprehensive typing method for SLA-2. We successfully typed SLA-2 from 400 pigs and 8 cell lines, consisting of 9 different pig breeds, and identified 49 SLA-2 alleles, including 31 previously reported alleles and 18 new alleles. We observed differences in the composition of SLA-2 alleles among different breeds. Our method can be used to study other SLA class I loci and to deepen our knowledge of MHC class I genes in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M T Le
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M-K Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H-S Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - O-J Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-K Park
- Department of Swine and Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - C-S Ho
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Gift of Life Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Cho HS, Kim W, Choi MK, Le MT, Choi H, Kim JH, Kim K, Soundrarajan N, Park JK, Lee YM, Kim JJ, Park C. Effects of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 and toll-like receptor 2 gene polymorphisms on post-weaning piglet survivability. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Dinka H, Le MT, Ha H, Cho H, Choi MK, Choi H, Kim JH, Soundarajan N, Park JK, Park C. Analysis of the vomeronasal receptor repertoire, expression and allelic diversity in swine. Genomics 2015; 107:208-15. [PMID: 26482471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a comprehensive analysis of the vomeronasal receptor repertoire in pigs. We identified a total of 25 V1R sequences consisting of 10 functional genes, 3 pseudogenes, and 12 partial genes, while functional V2R and FPR genes were not present in the pig genome. Pig V1Rs were classified into three subfamilies, D, F, and J. Using direct high resolution sequencing-based typing of all functional V1Rs from 10 individuals of 5 different breeds, a total of 24 SNPs were identified, indicating that the allelic diversity of V1Rs is much lower than that of the olfactory receptors. A high expression level of V1Rs was detected in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and testes, while a low expression level of V1Rs was observed in all other tissues examined. Our results showed that pigs could serve as an interesting large animal model system to study pheromone-related neurobiology because of their genetic simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunduma Dinka
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minh Thong Le
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heekyun Ha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyesun Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyeung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojun Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jin-Ki Park
- Department of Swine and Poultry Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Le MT, Choi H, Choi MK, Nguyen DT, Kim JH, Seo HG, Cha SY, Seo K, Chun T, Schook LB, Park C. Comprehensive and high-resolution typing of swine leukocyte antigen DQA from genomic DNA and determination of 25 new SLA class II haplotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 80:528-35. [PMID: 23137324 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the development of genomic-DNA-based high-resolution genotyping methods for SLA-DQB1 and DRB1. Here, we report the successful typing of SLA-DQA using similar methodological principles. We designed a method for comprehensive genotyping of SLA-DQA using intronic sequence information of SLA-DQA exon 2 that we had obtained from 12 animals with different SLA-DQB1 genotypes. We expanded our typing to 76 selected animals with diverse DQB1 and DRB1 genotypes, 140 random animals from 7 pig breeds, and 3 wild boars. This resulted in the identification of 17 DQA alleles with 49 genotypes. Two new alleles were identified from wild boars. Combine with SLA-DQB1, and DRB1 typing results, we identified 34 SLA class II haplotypes including 25 that were previously unreported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Le
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Nguyen DT, Lee K, Choi H, Choi MK, Le MT, Song N, Kim JH, Seo HG, Oh JW, Lee K, Kim TH, Park C. The complete swine olfactory subgenome: expansion of the olfactory gene repertoire in the pig genome. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:584. [PMID: 23153364 PMCID: PMC3499278 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insects and animals can recognize surrounding environments by detecting thousands of chemical odorants. Olfaction is a complicated process that begins in the olfactory epithelium with the specific binding of volatile odorant molecules to dedicated olfactory receptors (ORs). OR proteins are encoded by the largest gene superfamily in the mammalian genome. Results We report here the whole genome analysis of the olfactory receptor genes of S. scrofa using conserved OR gene specific motifs and known OR protein sequences from diverse species. We identified 1,301 OR related sequences from the S. scrofa genome assembly, Sscrofa10.2, including 1,113 functional OR genes and 188 pseudogenes. OR genes were located in 46 different regions on 16 pig chromosomes. We classified the ORs into 17 families, three Class I and 14 Class II families, and further grouped them into 349 subfamilies. We also identified inter- and intra-chromosomal duplications of OR genes residing on 11 chromosomes. A significant number of pig OR genes (n = 212) showed less than 60% amino acid sequence similarity to known OR genes of other species. Conclusion As the genome assembly Sscrofa10.2 covers 99.9% of the pig genome, our analysis represents an almost complete OR gene repertoire from an individual pig genome. We show that S. scrofa has one of the largest OR repertoires, suggesting an expansion of OR genes in the swine genome. A significant number of unique OR genes in the pig genome may suggest the presence of swine specific olfactory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Truong Nguyen
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 263 Achasan-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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Le MT, Porcelli I, Weight CM, Gaskin DJH, Carding SR, van Vliet AHM. Acid-shock of Campylobacter jejuni induces flagellar gene expression and host cell invasion. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2012; 2:12-9. [PMID: 24611116 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with the organism being transmitted by ingestion of contaminated and undercooked poultry. Exposure to acid is an inevitable stressor for C. jejuni during gastric passage, yet the effect of low pH on C. jejuni virulence is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effect of acid-shock on C. jejuni viability, gene expression and host-cell invasion. C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168 survived acid exposure at pH 3.5 and above for up to 30 min without a drop in viability, and this exposure induced the expression of flagellar genes transcribed from σ(54)-dependent promoters. Furthermore, acid-shock resulted in increased C. jejuni invasion of m-ICcl2 mouse small intestine crypt cells grown on transwells, but not when the cells were grown on flat-bottomed wells. This suggests that C. jejuni might be invading intestinal epithelial cells at the basolateral side, possibly after paracellular passage. We hypothesize that acid-shock prior to intestinal entry may serve as a signal that primes C. jejuni to express its virulence gene repertoire including flagellar motility genes, but this requires further study in the context of an appropriate colonization or disease model.
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Demaegdt H, Smitz L, De Backer JP, Le MT, Bauwens M, Szemenyei E, Tóth G, Michotte Y, Vanderheyden P, Vauquelin G. Translocation of the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase to the cell surface: detection by radioligand binding. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:872-81. [PMID: 18536739 PMCID: PMC2439846 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) and the insulin-dependent glucose transporter GLUT4 colocalize in specific intracellular vesicles (that is, GLUT4 vesicles). These vesicles move slowly to the cell surface, but their translocation is markedly enhanced by insulin, resulting in higher glucose uptake. Previous studies of the insulin-mediated translocation of IRAP to the cell surface have been hampered by the laborious detection of IRAP at the cell surface. We aimed to develop a more direct and faster method to detect IRAP. To this end, we used model systems with well-characterized IRAP: CHO-K1 cells expressing endogenous IRAP and recombinant HEK293 cells expressing human IRAP. A more widespread application of the method was demonstrated by the use of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH After stimulation of the cells with insulin, internalization of IRAP was inhibited by the addition of phenyl arsine oxide (PAO). Then, cell-surface IRAP was detected by the high-affinity binding of radiolabelled angiotensin (Ang) IV (either 125I or 3H). KEY RESULTS We monitored the time- and concentration dependence of insulin-mediated translocation of IRAP in both cell lines and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A plateau was reached between 6 and 8 min, and 10(-7) M insulin led to the highest amount of IRAP at the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Based on the capacity of the IRAP apoenzyme to display high affinity for radiolabelled Ang IV and on the ability of PAO to inhibit IRAP internalization, we developed a more direct and faster method to measure insulin-mediated translocation of IRAP to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Demaegdt
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Le MT, Pugsley MK, Vauquelin G, Van Liefde I. Molecular characterisation of the interactions between olmesartan and telmisartan and the human angiotensin II AT1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:952-62. [PMID: 17572702 PMCID: PMC2042929 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Whereas some angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) produce surmountable antagonism of AT(1) receptors, others such as olmesartan and telmisartan display varying degrees of insurmountability. This study compared the molecular interactions of olmesartan and telmisartan with the human AT(1) receptor, using well characterised in vitro methods and model systems. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CHO-K1 cells that stably express human AT(1) receptors (CHO-hAT(1) cells) were used in several pharmacological studies of olmesartan and telmisartan, including direct radioligand binding and inhibition of Ang II-induced inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation. KEY RESULTS Both ARBs were found to be competitive antagonists that displayed high affinity, slow dissociation, and a high degree of insurmountability for the AT(1) receptor (the latter greater with olmesartan). Their receptor interactions could be described by a two-step process with the initial formation of a loose complex (IR) and subsequent transformation into a tight binding complex (IR*). In washout experiments, [(3)H] telmisartan dissociated from the receptor with a half-life of 29 min and the Ang II-mediated IP accumulation response was 50% maximally restored within 24 min, whereas values for [(3)H] olmesartan were 72 min and 76 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The high degree of insurmountability, slow dissociation, and high affinity of olmesartan for its receptor may relate to its ability to stabilise IR* via the carboxyl group of its imidazole core. In comparison, telmisartan displays a less potent interaction with the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Le
- Departments of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Free University of Brussels (VUB) Brussels, Belgium
| | - M K Pugsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Forest Research Institute Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - G Vauquelin
- Departments of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Free University of Brussels (VUB) Brussels, Belgium
- Author for correspondence:
| | - I Van Liefde
- Departments of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Free University of Brussels (VUB) Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We wanted to evaluate chronic subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation as an alternative to pallidotomy for severe Parkinson's disease symptomatology. METHODS Nine patients met clinical criteria for unilateral standard pallidotomy. All had severe medically refractory drug-induced dyskinesia and had reached maximal daily levodopa therapy. Pre- and postoperative videos, neuropsychometric testings and clinical stagings were administered. Three patients were selected to undergo stereotactic implantation of a deep brain stimulator (DBS) after Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent. These were performed using digitized microrecordings. The other group received unilateral pallidotomy. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 6 months, our results support recent findings of significant major improvement in motor scores, activity of daily living and decrease in amount of daily levodopa intake by close to 50% after 3 months of stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stimulation of the STN appears to provide significant motor improvement in patients with severe Parkinson's disease and is more beneficial than pallidotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Lévesque
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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Le MT, Vanderheyden PM, De Backer JP, Vanquelin G, Broeck JV. High affinity displacement of [(3)H]NPY binding to the crude venom of conus anemone by insect neuropeptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 262:180-6. [PMID: 10448089 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The venom from Conus anemone contains a protein, named ANPY toxin, which displayed high affinity (IC(50) in nanomolar range) to neuropeptide Y (NPY), [Leu(31), Pro(34)]NPY, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, the Y(1) antagonist 1229U91, and C-terminal NPY fragments. N-terminal fragments and the free acid form of NPY did not bind to ANPY. The truncated NPY fragments displayed very low affinity to Y(1) receptors and partially inhibited [(3)H]NPY binding to anti-NPY antiserum. Several insect neuropeptides, the sequences of which related to the C-terminal fragments of NPY, were observed to bind with similar affinity or even 20 times higher (Lom-MS and Scg-NPF) affinity than NPY. In contrast, no significant binding of these insect peptides was observed for Y(1) receptors and anti-NPY antiserum. Therefore, ANPY can be viewed as an acceptor that binds with very high affinity to a broad spectrum of vertebrate and invertebrate neuropeptides that share a similar C-terminal amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Le
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Paardenstraat 65, Sint-Genesius Rode, B-1640, Belgium
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Abstract
The incorporation and conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of n-3 and n-6 families were examined in the T47D breast cancer cell line in parallel with their effects on cell proliferation. In low serum-containing medium, PUFA exerted differential growth effects, depending both on their affiliation and unsaturation degree. The study of PUFA processing suggested that T47D cells are deficient in delta 6 and delta 4-desaturation activities whereas they can process to delta 5-desaturation. Thus, the PUFA growth effect on T47D cells appeared to be associated with a lack of desaturation.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fatty Acids, Essential/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Essential/pharmacokinetics
- Fatty Acids, Essential/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacokinetics
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacokinetics
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bardon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Tran TH, Arnold K, Nguyen TH, Pham PL, Nguyen TD, Bui MC, Le MT, Mach QP, Le HV, Pham PM. Single dose artemisinin-mefloquine treatment for acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1994; 88:688-91. [PMID: 7886773 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For the treatment of patients with acute falciparum malaria, the combination of artemisinin as a single dose with a single dose of mefloquine was studied in 4 separate prospective trials, comprising 405 adults and 139 children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in 2 in-patient and 2 rural out-patient studies in Viet Nam. Adults received oral artemisinin and children artemisinin suppositories. Randomized comparative treatment schedules were: artemisinin alone for 5 d, mefloquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (MSP), or quinine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Parasite clearance times (PCT) were rapid for artemisinin treated inpatients (90%: 14.8-20.4 h) but also for patients receiving MSP (PCT 90%: 18.0 h) and quinine (PCT 90%: 22.5 h). The recrudescence rate (RI) during a 28 d follow-up period among the patients given artemisinin plus mefloquine was 15% in the adult in-patients and zero in the adult and children out-patients. RI in the artemisinin 5 d treatment group was 33.3%; among those given artemisinin plus SP it was 47.3% in in-patients and in out-patients 46.1%. In the MSP treated out-patients RI was 1.5% in adults and zero in children. Artemisinin as a single dose (oral in adults and as a suppository in children) in combination with mefloquine was effective in rapidly lowering parasitaemia and in preventing recrudescence in hospital in-patients and in out-patients attending a rural health clinic. MSP alone as a single dose also rapidly reduced parasitaemia (but not as quickly as the artemisinin-mefloquine combination in out-patient children) and prevented recrudescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Tran
- Centre for Tropical Diseases (Cho Quan Hospital), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Hill RA, Le MT, Yashiro H, Constan C, Treadway A, Stern D, Lesiecki ML, Brown L, Berns MW. Ab-interno erbium (Er):YAG laser sclerostomy with iridotomy in Dutch cross rabbits. Lasers Surg Med 1993; 13:559-64. [PMID: 8264328 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1900130511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An ab-interno technique using a pigmented rabbit model has been developed that uses a pulsed erbium:YAG laser to create an iridotomy with a sclerostomy through the same corneal incision. Laser energy was delivered with an articulated arm terminating in side-firing (850 or 650 microns OD) or end-firing (850 or 400 microns OD) fiber optic endoprobes, which allowed iridotomies and sclerostomies, respectively, to be created. Initially, sclerostomies (8-10, 8 mJ/300 microseconds pulses) and basal iridotomies (1-3, 4 mJ/200 microseconds pulses) were created with the larger probes. Problems encountered with this technique included corneal decompensation and rapid formation of peripheral anterior synechiae with occlusion of sclerostomies. The smaller endoprobes were then used to create mid-peripheral iridotomies and sclerostomies utilizing the same energy parameters. Sclerostomies created in this manner remained patent in the first postoperative week until the animals were sacrificed to obtain material for histologic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 92717
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