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Ikeda Y, Chigasaki O, Mizutani K, Sasaki Y, Aoyama N, Mikami R, Gokyu M, Umeda M, Izumi Y, Aoki A, Takeuchi Y. The Potential of a Saliva Test for Screening of Alveolar Bone Resorption. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1822. [PMID: 37444656 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health screening is important for maintaining and improving quality of life. The present study aimed to determine whether patients with a certain level of alveolar bone resorption could be screened by salivary bacterial test along with their background information. Saliva samples were collected from 977 Japanese patients, and the counts of each red-complex, that is, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mean bone crest levels (BCLs) were measured using a full-mouth periapical radiograph. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations between BCLs (1.5-4.0 mm in 0.5 mm increments) and explanatory variables, such as the number of each red-complex bacteria and the patients' age, sex, number of teeth, stimulated saliva volume, and smoking habits. When the cutoff BCL value was set at 3.0 mm, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity values were optimal at 0.86, 0.82, and 0.76, respectively. In addition, all tested explanatory variables, except sex and T. denticola count, were significantly associated with BCLs according to a likelihood ratio test (p < 0.05). Additionally, the odds ratio (OR) was substantially increased when a patient was >40 years old and the bacterial count of P. gingivalis was >107 cells/µL (OR: >6). Thus, P. gingivalis count and patients' background information were significantly associated with the presence of a certain amount of bone resorption, suggesting that it may be possible to screen bone resorption without the need for radiography or oral examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Otofumi Chigasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Tsukuba Health-Care Dental Clinic, Tsukuba 305-0834, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Clinical Dental Research Promotion Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Norio Aoyama
- Department of Periodontology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Risako Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Misa Gokyu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Oral Care Periodontics Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama 963-8052, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Chigasaki O, Aoyama N, Sasaki Y, Takeuchi Y, Mizutani K, Ikeda Y, Gokyu M, Umeda M, Izumi Y, Iwata T, Aoki A. Porphyromonas gingivalis, the most influential pathogen in red-complex bacteria: A cross-sectional study on the relationship between bacterial count and clinical periodontal status in Japan. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1719-1729. [PMID: 33856713 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogen in microbiota associated with periodontitis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between salivary counts of red-complex bacteria and clinical periodontal status in a Japanese population. METHODS A total of 977 subjects who visited a general dental clinic in Japan from 2003 to 2006 were enrolled in the study. Stimulated saliva was obtained, and the amounts of major periodontal bacteria were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and each subject's average proximal bone crest level (BCL) on dental radiographs were measured. RESULTS The number of P. gingivalis strongly associated with percentage of 4 mm or more PPD sites, BOP positive percentage, and 1.5 mm or more BCL sites. The detection of P. gingivalis with Treponema denticola and/or Tannerella forsythia showed a high rate of three positive clinical parameters, whereas the only P. gingivalis detected group and those without P. gingivalis had a low rate of three positive clinical parameters. CONCLUSION Among red-complex bacteria, the amount of P. gingivalis showed the strongest association with the severity of periodontal condition, and co-occurrence of P. gingivalis with T. denticola and/or T. forsythia showed heightened progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otofumi Chigasaki
- Tsukuba Health-Care Dental Clinic, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Norio Aoyama
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Misa Gokyu
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Oral Care Perio Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Chigasaki O, Takeuchi Y, Aoki A, Sasaki Y, Mizutani K, Aoyama N, Ikeda Y, Gokyu M, Umeda M, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. A cross-sectional study on the periodontal status and prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens in a Japanese population. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:293-303. [PMID: 29925714 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This large-scale study cross-sectionally examined the periodontal status and prevalence of "red complex" bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) in Japanese adults. A total of 977 participants were enrolled in the study. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and bone crest level (BCL) were recorded, and the presence of red complex bacteria in the saliva was examined using polymerase chain reaction. The mean BCL value and the percentage of sites with a PD ≥4 mm or the presence of BOP were significantly higher in older participants. The detection rates of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia were 46.3%, 76.4%, and 61.1%, respectively. The P. gingivalis detection rate significantly increased with age, while those of T. denticola and T. forsythia were comparably high for all age groups. A close correlation between P. gingivalis and the percentage of sites with PD ≥4 mm was indicated by nonlinear canonical correlation analysis. Current smokers exhibited a more advanced disease condition and a significantly higher P. gingivalis detection rate than non-smokers. In conclusion, periodontal condition worsens with age, and P. gingivalis appears to be the red complex bacterium most closely associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otofumi Chigasaki
- Tsukuba Healthcare Dental Clinic.,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Research and Industry-University Alliance Organization, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Norio Aoyama
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Misa Gokyu
- Tsukuba Healthcare Dental Clinic.,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | - Isao Ishikawa
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Sudo T, Okada Y, Ozaki K, Urayama K, Kanai M, Kobayashi H, Gokyu M, Izumi Y, Tanaka T. Association of NOD2 Mutations with Aggressive Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1100-1105. [PMID: 28682159 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517715432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is characterized by rapid alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss early in life, and its etiology remains unclear. To explore the genetic risk factors of AgP, we performed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping for identity-by-descent mapping and identified 32 distinct candidate loci, followed by whole exome sequencing with 2 pedigrees of AgP consisting of 3 cases and 1 control in 1 family and 2 sibling cases in the other. After variant filtering procedures and validation by targeted Sanger sequencing, we identified 2 missense mutations at 16q12 in NOD2 (p.Ala110Thr and p.Arg311Trp), which encodes nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2. We further examined 94 genetically unrelated AgP patients by targeted sequencing of NOD2 and found that 2 patients among them also carried the p.Arg311Trp variant. Furthermore, we found 3 additional missense mutations in this gene (p.His370Tyr, p.Arg459Cys, and p.Ala868Thr). These mutations either had not been previously observed or are extremely rare (frequency <0.001) in Asian populations. NOD2 plays a crucial role in innate immunity as an intracellular receptor initiating nuclear factor κB-dependent and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent gene transcription. These results demonstrated NOD2 as a novel gene involved in AgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sudo
- 1 Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Okada
- 1 Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,3 Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Ozaki
- 4 Laboratory for Medical Genome Sciences, Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,5 Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - K Urayama
- 1 Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,6 Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kanai
- 1 Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kobayashi
- 2 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Gokyu
- 2 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Izumi
- 2 Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- 1 Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,7 Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Suda T, Kobayashi H, Akiyama T, Takano T, Gokyu M, Sudo T, Khemwong T, Izumi Y. Desensitizing Agent Reduces Dentin Hypersensitivity During Ultrasonic Scaling: A Pilot Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC46-9. [PMID: 26501012 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13775.6495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentin hypersensitivity can interfere with optimal periodontal care by dentists and patients. The pain associated with dentin hypersensitivity during ultrasonic scaling is intolerable for patient and interferes with the procedure, particularly during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for patients with gingival recession. AIM This study proposed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of the oxalic acid agent on pain caused by dentin hypersensitivity during ultrasonic scaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved 12 patients who were incorporated in SPT program and complained of dentin hypersensitivity during ultrasonic scaling. We examined the availability of the oxalic acid agent to compare the degree of pain during ultrasonic scaling with or without the application of the dentin hypersensitivity agent. Evaluation of effects on dentin hypersensitivity was determined by a questionnaire and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores after ultrasonic scaling. The statistical analysis was performed using the paired Student t-test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The desensitizing agent reduced the mean VAS pain score from 69.33 ± 16.02 at baseline to 26.08 ± 27.99 after application. The questionnaire revealed that >80% patients were satisfied and requested the application of the desensitizing agent for future ultrasonic scaling sessions. CONCLUSION This study shows that the application of the oxalic acid agent considerably reduces pain associated with dentin hypersensitivity experienced during ultrasonic scaling. This pain control treatment may improve patient participation and treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Suda
- Reseach Associate, Peirodontology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Lecturer, Peirodontology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Akiyama
- Registered Dentist, Periodontology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takano
- Research Student, Periodontology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Gokyu
- Graduate Student, Periodontology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Sudo
- Graduate Student, Periodontology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thatawee Khemwong
- Graduate Student, Periodontology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Professor, Periodontology, Department of Bio-Matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan
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Gokyu M, Kobayashi H, Nanbara H, Sudo T, Ikeda Y, Suda T, Izumi Y. Correction: Thrombospondin-1 Production Is Enhanced by Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide in THP-1 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139759. [PMID: 26418013 PMCID: PMC4587885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Gokyu M, Kobayashi H, Nanbara H, Sudo T, Ikeda Y, Suda T, Izumi Y. Thrombospondin-1 production is enhanced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in THP-1 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115107. [PMID: 25501558 PMCID: PMC4264871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Monocytes and macrophages stimulated by periodontopathic bacteria induce inflammatory mediators that cause tooth-supporting structure destruction and alveolar bone resorption. In this study, using a DNA microarray, we identified the enhanced gene expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in human monocytic cells stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). TSP-1 is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein that is upregulated during the inflammatory process. Recent studies have suggested that TSP-1 is associated with rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and osteoclastogenesis. TSP-1 is secreted from neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, which mediate immune responses at inflammatory regions. However, TSP-1 expression in periodontitis and the mechanisms underlying TSP-1 expression in human monocytic cells remain unknown. Here using real-time RT-PCR, we demonstrated that TSP-1 mRNA expression level was significantly upregulated in inflamed periodontitis gingival tissues and in P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells. TSP-1 was expressed via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 pathways. In P. gingivalis LPS stimulation, TSP-1 expression was dependent upon TLR2 through the activation of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, IL-17F synergistically enhanced P. gingivalis LPS-induced TSP-1 production. These results suggest that modulation of TSP-1 expression by P. gingivalis plays an important role in the progression and chronicity of periodontitis. It may also contribute a new target molecule for periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Gokyu
- Periodontology, Bio-Matrix Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Periodontology, Bio-Matrix Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiromi Nanbara
- Periodontology, Bio-Matrix Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Sudo
- Periodontology, Bio-Matrix Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Periodontology, Bio-Matrix Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Suda
- Periodontology, Bio-Matrix Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Periodontology, Bio-Matrix Department, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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