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Bhat MI, Rashid SJ, Ahmad MI, Rafiq S, Fayaz I, Mir MJ, Amin T, Majid D, Dar BN, Makroo HA. Comparative study on thermo-mechanical, structural and functional properties of pectin extracted from immature wasted apples and commercial pectin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127658. [PMID: 37898241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Pectin yield of 22.22 ± 0.98 % (dry basis) was achieved from prematurely dropped Golden Delicious apples, having a light orange hue (hue value: 78.08 ± 0.04) and an overall color difference (ΔE) of 9.92 ± 0.01 compared to commercial pectin (CP). Extracted AP exhibited a lower equivalent weight (725.24 ± 29.73) and higher methoxy content (8.36 ± 0.28 %) in contrast to CP. However, a similar degree of esterification of 71.57 ± 0.79 and 70.55 ± 0.59 %, was observed in AP and CP respectively. Apple pectin demonstrated slight lower galacturonic acid (GalA) content of 68.10 ± 3.94 % in comparison to 72.31 ± 4.62 % of CP, which was further corroborated by reduced intensity in FTIR fingerprint region (912-1025 cm-1). Morphology revealed a sheet-like cloudy appearance indicating a significant presence of associated sugars whereas X-ray diffraction highlighted the highly amorphous nature of AP. AP and CP solutions (3-9 %) displayed a shear-thinning flow and viscoelastic behavior where the loss (G') moduli dominated over the storage moduli (G"). Owing to high degree of esterification, galacturonic acid content (>65 %) that aligns with commercial standards and viscoelastic behavior, the extracted AP holds promise for potential utilization in commercial applications. This study underscores the potential for sustainable utilization of prematurely dropped apples through pectin extraction, contributing to valorization of the wasted bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shafiya Rafiq
- Department of Food Technology, IUST, Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Insha Fayaz
- Department of Food Technology, IUST, Kashmir 192122, India
| | - M J Mir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUST, Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Tawheed Amin
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST, Kashmir 190025, India
| | | | - B N Dar
- Department of Food Technology, IUST, Kashmir 192122, India.
| | - H A Makroo
- Department of Food Technology, IUST, Kashmir 192122, India.
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Bhat MI, Shahi NC, Lohani UC, Pathania S, Malik S, Singh S, Amin T. Cellulose nanocrystals reinforced chitosan/titanium dioxide bionanocomposite with enhanced interfacial compatibility: Fabrication, characterization, and application in fresh-cut apple slices. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127498. [PMID: 37858645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a bionanocomposite made of chitosan, CNC, and TiO2 nanoparticles to package freshly sliced apples. At the outset, the effect of varying concentrations of CNC (1, 5, and 10 %) and TiO2 (1, 3, and 5 %) on the mechanical, thermal, and water sensitivity characteristics of the chitosan bionanocomposite was studied. Among different combinations, the bionanocomposite containing 10 % CNC and 3 % TiO2 displayed significant enhancements compared to neat chitosan film. Notably, it exhibited a substantial increase in tensile strength (78.2 %), glass transition temperature (26.7 %), and melting temperature (30.0 %) compared to neat chitosan film. Additionally, it demonstrated reduced WVP (27.8 %), FWS (44.4 %), and SR (50.7 %). These improvements were attributed to the synergistic interactions among chitosan, CNC, and TiO2 nanoparticles through hydrogen and oxygen bonding, corroborated by spectral changes in the material. The photocatalytic degradation of ethylene and microbes by UV-A (intermittent) activated TiO2 contained in the developed bionanocomposite was confirmed by the retention of acceptable quality and radical scavenging activity (70 % retention) of fresh-cut apple slices up to 11 days. The developed bionanocomposite can thus preserve the quality of ethylene-producing horticultural produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishfaq Bhat
- Department of Post-Harvest Process & Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
| | - Navin Chandra Shahi
- Department of Post-Harvest Process & Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India.
| | - Umesh Chand Lohani
- Department of Post-Harvest Process & Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
| | - Shivani Pathania
- Research Officer, Food Industry Development Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | - Sheeba Malik
- Department of Post-Harvest Process & Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
| | - Shikhangi Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Process & Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
| | - Tawheed Amin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar 190025, India
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Gaur VK, Sirohi R, Bhat MI, Gautam K, Sharma P, Srivastava JK, Pandey A. A review on the effect of micro- and nano-plastics pollution on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Chemosphere 2023; 311:136877. [PMID: 36257395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The recent upsurge in the studies on micro/nano plastics and antimicrobial resistance genes has proven their deleterious effects on the environmental and human health. Till-date, there is a scarcity of studies on the interactions of these two factors and their combined influence. The interaction of microplastics has led to the formation of new plastics namely plastiglomerates, pyroplastics. and anthropoquinas. It has long been ignored that the occurrence of microplastics has become a breeding ground for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Evidently microplastics are also associated with the occurrence of other pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides. The increased use of antibiotics (after Covid breakout) has further elevated the detrimental effects on human health. Therefore, this study highlights the relation of microplastics with antibiotic resistance generation. The factors such as uncontrolled use of antibiotics and negligent plastic consumption has been evaluated. Furthermore, the future research prospective was provided that can be helpful in correctly identifying the seriousness of the environmental occurrence of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute for Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohd Ishfaq Bhat
- Department of Post-Harvest Process and Food Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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Singh S, Shahi NC, Lohani UC, Bhat MI, Sirohi R, Singh S. Process optimization for the extraction of bioactive compounds from defatted flaxseed cake (
Linum usitatissimu
) using ultrasound‐assisted extraction method and its characterization. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikhangi Singh
- Department of Post‐Harvest Process & Food Engineering, College of Technology, GBPUA&T Pantnagar India
| | - Navin Chandra Shahi
- Department of Post‐Harvest Process & Food Engineering, College of Technology, GBPUA&T Pantnagar India
| | - Umesh Chandra Lohani
- Department of Post‐Harvest Process & Food Engineering, College of Technology, GBPUA&T Pantnagar India
| | - Mohd Ishfaq Bhat
- Department of Post‐Harvest Process & Food Engineering, College of Technology, GBPUA&T Pantnagar India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Home Science, GBPUA&T Pantnagar India
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Aman J, Shahi NC, Lohani UC, Balodhi D, Singh R, Kumar N, Bhat MI, Kumar AP. Process Optimization for Development of Guar Gum-Based Biodegradable Hydrogel Film Using Response Surface Methodology. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9180000. [PMID: 36016764 PMCID: PMC9398876 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9180000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a guar-gum-based biodegradable hydrogel film was prepared using an initiator (potassium persulfate), crosslinker (N-N methyl bis acrylamide), and plasticizer (glycerol) for packaging of fruits and vegetables. The effect of independent variables (initiator, crosslinker, and plasticizer) on the biodegradation (% wt. loss), color difference (ΔE), hardness (N), swelling index (%), and transparency (%) of the film was studied using Box-Behnken design, random surface methodology (RSM). The results showed significant effects on all the abovementioned parameters, and it was observed that the developed model was accurate, with a prediction error of only -3.19 to 2.99%. The optimized formulation for the preparation of hydrogel film was 0.15% initiator, 0.02% crosslinker, and 2.88% plasticizer exhibiting satisfactory biodegradability, color difference, hardness, swelling index, and transparency. Results showed that a guar-gum-based biodegradable hydrogel film has adequate physical, optical, and biodegradable properties and can be successfully utilized in the food packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Aman
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
- G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar (US-Nagar) 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Navin Chandra Shahi
- G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar (US-Nagar) 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Lohani
- G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar (US-Nagar) 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Divya Balodhi
- Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Rohini, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Food Technology, Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib 173101, HP, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Mohd Ishfaq Bhat
- G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar (US-Nagar) 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Avvaru Praveen Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P O Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
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Ishfaq Bhat M, Shahi NC, Lohani UC, Singh S, Sidique Q, Sirohi R. Microwave irradiation assisted intensive and quick delignification of lignocellulosic biomass, and confirmation by spectral, morphological and crystallinity characterization. Bioresour Technol 2022; 351:127029. [PMID: 35314312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to use a microwave-assisted technique to improve and accelerate lignin removal from rice straw biomass. Using a Box-Behnken experimental design, the effect of four critical process parameters, viz. microwave power (480-800 W), irradiation time (4-12 min), bleaching solution concentration (0.4-3.0 %), and bleaching time (1-5 h) on the delignification (%) was investigated, and the process was optimised using response surface methodology. The experimental data best fitted a quadratic model with an R2 of 0.9964. The optimized value of process parameters (in aforementioned sequence) was found to be 671 W, 8.66 min, 2.67 %, and 1 h respectively, for the best delignification of 93.51 percent.The absence of lignin peaks (1516 and 1739 cm-1) was corroborated by deconstructed morphological structure and higher crystallinity in the optimised delignified sample (53.7 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishfaq Bhat
- Department of Post-Harvest Process &Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - N C Shahi
- Department of Post-Harvest Process &Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - U C Lohani
- Department of Post-Harvest Process &Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shikhangi Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Process &Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Qayoom Sidique
- Department of Post-Harvest Process &Food Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, 11, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
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