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Chaichan M, Kazem HA, Al-Ghezi MKS, Al-Waeli AHA, Ali AJ, Sopian K, Kadhum AAH, Wan Isahak WNR, Takriff MS, Al-Amiery AA. Optimizing MWCNT-Based Nanofluids for Photovoltaic/Thermal Cooling through Preparation Parameters. ACS Omega 2023; 8:29910-29925. [PMID: 37636957 PMCID: PMC10448645 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were employed as added particles for nanofluids in this practical investigation. To identify the most appropriate nanofluid for cooling PVT systems that are functional in the extreme summer environment of Baghdad, the parameters of base fluid, surfactant, and sonication time used for mixing were examined. Water was chosen as the base fluid instead of other potential candidates such as ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and heat transfer oil (HTO). Thermal conductivity and stability were important thermophysical qualities that were impacted by the chosen parameters. The nanofluid tested in Baghdad city (consisting of 0.5% MWCNTs, water, and CTAB with a sonication period of three and a quarter hours) resulted in a 119.5, 308, and 210% enhancement of thermal conductivity (TC) for water compared with EG, PG, and oil, respectively. In addition, the nanofluid-cooled PVT system had an electrical efficiency that was 88.85% higher than standalone PV technology and 44% higher than water-cooled PVT systems. Moreover, the thermal efficiency of the nanofluid-cooled PVT system was 20% higher than the water-cooled PVT system. Finally, the nanofluid-cooled PVT system displayed the least decrease in electrical efficiency and a greater thermal efficiency even when the PV panel was at its hottest at noon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqdam
T. Chaichan
- Energy
and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
| | - Hussein A. Kazem
- Faculty
of Engineering, Sohar University, PO Box 44, Sohar PCI 311, Oman
- Solar
Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 B angi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ali H. A. Al-Waeli
- Engineering
Department, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Ali J. Ali
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
| | - Kamaruzzaman Sopian
- Solar
Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 B angi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
(UKM), Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd S. Takriff
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
(UKM), Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
- Energy
and Renewable Energies Technology Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
(UKM), Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Zhou W, Zeng S, Yu J, Xiang J, Zhang F, Takriff MS, Ding G, Ma Z, Zhou X. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus Licheniformis NWMCC0046, a candidate for the laundry industry. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:223-234. [PMID: 36538731 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, selected properties of protease and the complete genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis NWMCC0046 were investigated, to discover laundry applications and other potential probiotic properties of this strain. Partial characterization of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 showed that its protease has good activity both in alkaline environments and at low temperatures. Also, the protease is compatible with commercial detergents and can be used as a detergent additive for effective stain removal at low temperatures. The complete genome sequence of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 is comprised of a 4,321,565 bp linear chromosome with a G + C content of 46.78% and no plasmids. It had 4504 protein-encoding genes, 81 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 24 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Genomic analysis revealed genes involved in exocellular enzyme production and probiotic properties. In addition, genomic sequence analysis revealed specific genes encoding carbohydrate metabolism pathways, resistance, and cold adaptation capacity. Overall, protease properties show its potential as a detergent additive enzyme. The complete genome sequence information of B. licheniformis NWMCC0046 was obtained, and functional prediction revealed its numerous probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Songyu Zeng
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fumei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mohd S Takriff
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Gongtao Ding
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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Al-Amiery AA, Mohamad AB, Kadhum AAH, Shaker LM, Isahak WNRW, Takriff MS. Experimental and theoretical study on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by nonanedioic acid derivative in hydrochloric acid solution. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4705. [PMID: 35304485 PMCID: PMC8933592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The corrosion performance of mild steel (MS) in 1M HCl solution was examined by weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), and open circuit potential (OCP) measurements in the absence and presence of nonanedihydrazide. PDP measurements indicated that nonanedihydrazide acts as a mixed inhibitor due to its adsorption on the MS surface, exhibiting an inhibition efficiency of more than 97%. The surface morphology investigation of the protective layer on the MS surface confirmed that adsorption of nonanedihydrazide molecules occurred via chemical adsorption following Langmuir's isotherm model. The effect of temperature on the corrosion performance in the presence of nonanedihydrazide was investigated in the range of 303-333 K, showing that the inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the inhibitor concentration and decreased with an increase in temperature. A new green corrosion inhibitor was synthesised and theoretical computations were conducted to completely understand the inhibition mechanism. Nonanedihydrazide molecules were investigated by DFT (density functional theory) using the B3LYP functional to evaluate the relationship of corrosion inhibition performance and the molecular structure. The computed theoretical parameters presented significant support for understanding the inhibitive mechanism revealed by the inhibitory molecules and are in good agreement with WL, PDP, EIS, (EFM), and OCP results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Al-Amiery
- Renewable Energies and Technology Energy Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad, 10001, Iraq. .,Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abu Bakar Mohamad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Lina M Shaker
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd S Takriff
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Collage of Engineering, University of Sharjah, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Shaker LM, Al-Amiery AA, Kadhum AAH, Takriff MS. Manufacture of Contact Lens of Nanoparticle-Doped Polymer Complemented with ZEMAX. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10102028. [PMID: 33076278 PMCID: PMC7602513 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many people suffer from myopia or hyperopia due to the refractive errors of the cornea all over the world. The use of high refractive index (RI), Abbe number (νd), and visible light transmittance (T%) polymeric contact lenses (CLs) holds great promise in vision error treatment as an alternative solution to the irreversible laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been suggested as a good candidate to rise the RI and maintain high transparency of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-TiO2 nanocomposite. This work includes a preparation of TiO2 NPs using the sol gel method as well as a synthesis of pure PMMA by free radical polarization and PMMA-TiO2 CLs using a cast molding method of 0.005 and 0.01 w/v concentrations and a study of their effect on the aberrated human eye. ZEMAX optical design software was used for eye modeling based on the Liou and Brennan eye model and then the pure and doped CLs were applied. Ocular performance was evaluated by modulation transfer function (MTF), spot diagram, and image simulation. The used criteria show that the best vision correction was obtained by the CL of higher doping content (p < 0.0001) and that the generated spherical and chromatic aberrations in the eye had been reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M. Shaker
- Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +964-771-399-5509
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
- Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10001, Iraq;
| | - Abdul Amir H. Kadhum
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia; (A.A.H.K.); (M.S.T.)
| | - Mohd S. Takriff
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia; (A.A.H.K.); (M.S.T.)
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Shan L, Kadhum AAH, Al-Furjan MSH, Weng W, Gong Y, Cheng K, Zhou M, Dong L, Chen G, Takriff MS, Sulong AB. In Situ Controlled Surface Microstructure of 3D Printed Ti Alloy to Promote Its Osteointegration. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E815. [PMID: 30857349 PMCID: PMC6427748 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging technology used to produce customized implants and surface characteristics of implants, strongly deciding their osseointegration ability. In this study, Ti alloy microspheres were printed under selected rational printing parameters in order to tailor the surface micro-characteristics of the printed implants during additive manufacturing by an in situ, controlled way. The laser path and hatching space were responsible for the appearance of the stripy structure (S), while the bulbous structure (B) and bulbous⁻stripy composite surface (BS) were determined by contour scanning. A nano-sized structure could be superposed by hydrothermal treatment. The cytocompatibility was evaluated by culturing Mouse calvaria-derived preosteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1). The results showed that three typical microstructured surfaces, S, B, and BS, could be achieved by varying the 3D printing parameters. Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation potential of the S, B, and BS surfaces could be significantly enhanced, and the addition of nano-sized structures could be further improved. The BS surface with nano-sized structure demonstrated the optimum osteogenic differentiation potential. The present research demonstrated an in situ, controlled way to tailor and optimize the surface structures in micro-size during the 3D printing process for an implant with higher osseointegration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shan
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Amir H Kadhum
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
| | - M S H Al-Furjan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Youping Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Maoying Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Lingqing Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Guojin Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Mohd S Takriff
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
| | - Abu Bakar Sulong
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
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Babaqi BS, Takriff MS, Kamarudin SK, Othman NTA. Mathematical modeling, simulation, and analysis for predicting improvement opportunities in the continuous catalytic regeneration reforming process. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ba-Abbad MM, Takriff MS, Kadhum AAH, Mohamad AB, Benamor A, Mohammad AW. Solar photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol with ZnO nanoparticles: optimisation with D-optimal design and study of intermediate mechanisms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:2804-2819. [PMID: 27837474 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of toxic pollutant (2-chlorophenol) in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was investigated under solar radiation. The three main factors, namely pH of solution, solar intensity and calcination temperature, were selected in order to examine their effects on the efficiency of the degradation process. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique based on D-optimal design was applied to optimise the process. ANOVA analysis showed that solar intensity and calcination temperature were the two significant factors for degradation efficiency. The optimum conditions in the model were solar intensity at 19.8 W/m2, calcination temperature at 404 °C and pH of 6.0. The maximum degradation efficiency was predicted to be 90.5% which was in good agreement with the actual experimental value of 93.5%. The fit of the D-optimal design correlated very well with the experimental results with higher values of R 2 and R 2adj correlation coefficients of 0.9847 and 0.9676, respectively. The intermediate mechanism behaviour of the 2-chlorophenol degradation process was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results confirmed that 2-chlorophenol was converted to acetic acid, a non-toxic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer M Ba-Abbad
- Research Centre For Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Petroleum, Hadhramout University of Science & Technology, Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen.
| | - Mohd S Takriff
- Research Centre For Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Amir H Kadhum
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Mohamad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdelbaki Benamor
- Gas Processing Centre, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Research Centre For Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ba-Abbad MM, Kadhum AAH, Mohamad AB, Takriff MS, Sopian K. Visible light photocatalytic activity of Fe(3+)-doped ZnO nanoparticle prepared via sol-gel technique. Chemosphere 2013; 91:1604-11. [PMID: 23384541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of a ZnO photocatalyst were enhanced with various dopant concentrations of Fe(3+). Doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel method without the use of capping agents or surfactants and was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The results showed that ZnO has a wurtzite, hexagonal structure and that the Fe(3+) ions were well incorporated into the ZnO crystal lattice. As the Fe(3+) concentration increased from 0.25 wt.% to 1 wt.%, the crystal size decreased in comparison with the undoped ZnO. The spectral absorption shifts of the visible light region (red shift) and the band gap decreases for each Fe-ZnO sample were investigated. The photocatalytic activities of the ZnO and Fe-ZnO samples were evaluated based on the degradation of 2-chlorophenol in aqueous solution under solar radiation. The samples with a small concentration of Fe(3+) ions showed enhanced photocatalytic activity with an optimal maximum performance at 0.5 wt.%. The results indicated that toxicity removal of 2-chlorophenol at same line of degradation efficiency. Small crystallite size and low band gap were attributed to high activities of Fe-ZnO samples under various concentrations of Fe(3+) ions compared to undoped ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer M Ba-Abbad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Ba-Abbad MM, Kadhum AAH, Mohamad AB, Takriff MS, Sopian K. Optimization of process parameters using D-optimal design for synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via sol–gel technique. J IND ENG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kadhum AAH, Wasmi BA, Mohamad AB, Al-Amiery AA, Takriff MS. Preparation, characterization, and theoretical studies of azelaic acid derived from oleic acid by use of a novel ozonolysis method. Res Chem Intermed 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-011-0406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kadhum AAH, Mohamad AB, Al-Amiery AA, Takriff MS. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of new metal complexes derived from 3-aminocoumarin. Molecules 2011; 16:6969-84. [PMID: 21844844 PMCID: PMC6264160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Aminocoumarin (L) has been synthesized and used as a ligand for the formation of Cr(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes. The chemical structures were characterized using different spectroscopic methods. The elemental analyses revealed that the complexes where M=Ni(II) and Cu(II) have the general formulae [ML(2)Cl(2)], while the Cr(III) complex has the formula [CrL(2)Cl(2)]Cl. The molar conductance data reveal that all the metal chelates, except the Cr(III) one, are non-electrolytes. From the magnetic and UV-Visible spectra, it is found that these complexes have octahedral structures. The stability for the prepared complexes was studied theoretically using Density Function Theory. The total energy for the complexes was calculated and it was shown that the copper complex is the most stable one. Complexes were tested against selected types of microbial organisms and showed significant activities. The free radical scavenging activity of metal complexes have been determined by measuring their interaction with the stable free radical DPPH and all the compounds have shown encouraging antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Amir H. Kadhum
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Mohamad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
- Biotechnology Division, Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
- Author to whom the correspondence should be addressed; or
| | - Mohd S. Takriff
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
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Batiha MA, Kadhum AAH, Batiha MM, Takriff MS, Mohamad AB. MAFRAM- a new fate and risk assessment methodology for non-volatile organic chemicals. J Hazard Mater 2010; 181:1080-1087. [PMID: 20576354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this paper was to introduce an environmental fate and risk assessment methodology for comparing and establishing the general features of new and existing non-volatile organic chemicals (NVOCs) used in agricultural activities, based on simple and readily available properties. This methodology is a computer program called the multimedia agricultural fate and risk assessment model (MAFRAM). This model is a combination of the EQC-2V model, which describes the fate of NVOCs, with the ecological relative risk (EcoRR) approach, which assesses the ecotoxicological risk to agro-ecosystems. MAFRAM divides the agricultural environment into two main zones, which are the on- and off-farm zones. Each zone is subdivided into six compartments, including the air, water, soil, sediment, aboveground plants, and roots. The required input data are the chemical-physical properties of the pesticide, biota data, and environmental properties. The MAFRAM output includes the inter-compartmental transport and transfer rates, the primary loss mechanisms, chemical concentration, amount, residence time, and the rank of risk in each compartment. In addition, it can provide several secondary results. The MAFRAM application was illustrated using typical homogenous region properties and was run with an illustrative emission rate of 1 kg/h into air, using spinosad as a case study.
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Batiha MA, Kadhum AAH, Mohamad AB, Takriff MS, Fisal Z, Daud WRW, Batiha MM. MAM-An Aquivalence-based Dynamic Mass Balance Model for the Fate of Non-Volatile Organic Chemicals in the Agricultural Environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2008.252.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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