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Ogah O, Iyawe E, Okwunze K, Nwamadiegesi C, Obiekwe F, Fabowale M, Okeke M, Orimolade O, Olalusi O, Aje A, Adebiyi A. LEFT VENTRICULAR NONCOMPACTION CARDIOMYOPATHY: A SCOPING REVIEW. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2023; 21:8-16. [PMID: 38298349 PMCID: PMC10811705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There has been an upsurge in the reporting of cases of Left Ventricular Noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy in medical literature in the last 35 years due to advances in medical imaging.The condition was first described in 1926 and the first reported case by echocardiography was in 1984. The American Heart Association considers LVNC a primary cardiomyopathy of genetic origin, while the European Society of Cardiology and the World Health Organization grouped it as an unclassified cardiomyopathy. Its variability in terms of genetic profile, phenotypic expression, clinical presentation, and histopathological findings makes it somewhat a variant of other cardiomyopathies. Case presentation Patients with LVNC cardiomyopathy may not have any symptoms or may present with ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, thromboembolism, or sudden death. LVNC cardiomyopathy diagnosis is typically made by echocardiography, although there are higher resolution cardiac imaging techniques. Management will depend on the patient's clinical presentation. Due to its genetic association, there is a need to screen living relatives once the diagnosis is made in an individual. Conclusion The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.S. Ogah
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E.P. Iyawe
- Alexander Brown Hall, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - K.F. Okwunze
- Alexander Brown Hall, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - C.A. Nwamadiegesi
- Alexander Brown Hall, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - F.E. Obiekwe
- Alexander Brown Hall, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M.O. Fabowale
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M. Okeke
- Alexander Brown Hall, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O.A. Orimolade
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O.V. Olalusi
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A. Aje
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A. Adebiyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Kodela P, Okeke M, Guntuku S, Lingamsetty SSP, Slonovschi E. Management of Hypertension With Non-pharmacological Interventions: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43022. [PMID: 37674940 PMCID: PMC10478605 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a condition that affects nearly half of the adult population in the United States. HTN is the elevation of blood pressure (BP) 130/80 mm Hg or higher. Untreated high blood pressure may increase the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and other serious complications. BP over 180/120 mm Hg with end-organ damage is called a hypertensive emergency. Despite advancements in medicine and treatment options, the global burden of HTN has been increasing due to the advancing age of the population and an increasing prevalence of obesity. Non-pharmacological management of HTN has gained prominence worldwide due to its additional benefits and positive impact on the overall health of individuals, having almost no side effects and reducing the financial burden of medication expenses. This article has compiled studies like systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials and reviewed the role of non-pharmacological management of HTN, including lifestyle modifications like exercise, weight loss, dietary interventions like dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, low sodium diet, limiting alcohol consumption, smoking cessation and stress management to help control blood pressure. However, non-pharmacological interventions should be initiated in an early phase, and for proper management of HTN, we may need to include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. This article explored and integrated various studies to highlight the role of non-pharmacological interventions to manage HTN. We also examined the need for more research studies for strategies to alleviate morbidity and mortality associated with HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Kodela
- Internal Medicine, Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Vijayapura, IND
| | - Monalisa Okeke
- Internal Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Eduard Slonovschi
- Surgery, Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie Iuliu Haţieganu Facultatea de Medicină, Cluj-Napoca, ROU
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Slonovschi E, Kodela P, Okeke M, Guntuku S, Lingamsetty SSP. Surgical Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis, Still Topical: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e41962. [PMID: 37588306 PMCID: PMC10427119 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, different studies were integrated to conclude the impact of ulcerative colitis (UC) on the patient's vital prognosis, specifically highlighting the association with colorectal cancer (CRC). These severe complications have led us to consider studying the role of preventive surgery in managing UC. This study reviewed total preventive colectomy in UC patients for preventing the onset of CRC, the role of surgery in UC management, and its potential as a definitive treatment for the condition. The study also emphasized the effectiveness of annual colonoscopic monitoring and preventive colectomy in reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). It discussed the role of laparoscopic surgery in minimizing postoperative complications and highlighted that partial surgical resection of the colon can be a viable option, offering improved bowel function without increasing the risk of CRC-related mortality. Elective surgery has an important place in UC management by preventing the development of forms requiring emergency surgery. Although surgery can cure UC, it can lead to significant postoperative complications and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Slonovschi
- Department of Surgery, Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie Iuliu Haţieganu Facultatea de Medicină, Cluj-Napoca, ROU
| | - Pratyusha Kodela
- Department of Research, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Bijapur Liberal District Educational Association (BLDEA) University, Vijayapura, IND
| | - Monalisa Okeke
- Department of Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sandeep Guntuku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mamata Medical College, Khammam, IND
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Okeke M, Oderinde O, Liu L, Kabula D. Oncology and COVID-19: Perspectives on cancer patients and oncologists in Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 14:100550. [PMID: 32835064 PMCID: PMC7298482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The global communities have been grappling with health pandemics for months since the outbreak of COVID-19, which has been flagged a global health emergency by World Health Organisation, WHO. While the entire health sector has been overburdened, cancer patients are also at a high risk of getting infected during this COVID-19 pandemic; hence, there is a great concern for these patients because there is little to no data to support their management with the current health care structure in Africa. This article outlines the challenges that frontline health workers face in the management of cancer patients, as the entire health sector calls for effective policy formulation and implementation by the government in their role in ensuring the sound health of their citizenry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okeke
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao Campus, No. 87, Dingjiaoqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - O Oderinde
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiulonghu Campus, Jiangning District, 211189 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao Campus, No. 87, Dingjiaoqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - D Kabula
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjia Lane, Zhongyang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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