1
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Giese MA, Bennin DA, Schoen TJ, Peterson AN, Schrope JH, Brand J, Jung HS, Keller NP, Beebe DJ, Dinh HQ, Slukvin II, Huttenlocher A. PTP1B phosphatase dampens iPSC-derived neutrophil motility and antimicrobial function. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae039. [PMID: 38417030 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of infection and are critical for pathogen clearance. Therapeutic use of primary neutrophils has been limited as they have a short lifespan and are not amenable to genetic manipulation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide a robust source of neutrophils for infusion and are genetically tractable. However, current work has indicated that dampened intracellular signaling limits iPSC-derived neutrophil (iNeutrophil) cellular activation and antimicrobial response. Here, we show that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibits intracellular signaling and dampens iNeutrophil effector function. Deletion of the PTP1B phosphatase increased PI3K and ERK signaling and was associated with increased F-actin polymerization, cell migration and phagocytosis. In contrast, other effector functions like NETosis and ROS production were reduced. PTP1B-deficient neutrophils were more responsive to A. fumigatus and displayed rapid recruitment and control of hyphal growth. Accordingly, depletion of PTP1B increased production of inflammatory factors including the neutrophil chemokine IL-8. Taken together, these findings suggest that PTP1B limits iNeutrophil motility and antimicrobial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Giese
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David A Bennin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taylor J Schoen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ashley N Peterson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan H Schrope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Josh Brand
- Cell and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ho Sun Jung
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Schoen TJ, Calise DG, Bok JW, Giese MA, Nwagwu CD, Zarnowski R, Andes D, Huttenlocher A, Keller NP. Aspergillus fumigatus transcription factor ZfpA regulates hyphal development and alters susceptibility to antifungals and neutrophil killing during infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011152. [PMID: 37126504 PMCID: PMC10174577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyphal growth is essential for host colonization during Aspergillus infection. The transcription factor ZfpA regulates A. fumigatus hyphal development including branching, septation, and cell wall composition. However, how ZfpA affects fungal growth and susceptibility to host immunity during infection has not been investigated. Here, we use the larval zebrafish-Aspergillus infection model and primary human neutrophils to probe how ZfpA affects A. fumigatus pathogenesis and response to antifungal drugs in vivo. ZfpA deletion promotes fungal clearance and attenuates virulence in wild-type hosts and this virulence defect is abrogated in neutrophil-deficient zebrafish. ZfpA deletion also increases susceptibility to human neutrophils ex vivo while overexpression impairs fungal killing. Overexpression of ZfpA confers protection against the antifungal caspofungin by increasing chitin synthesis during hyphal development, while ZfpA deletion reduces cell wall chitin and increases caspofungin susceptibility in neutrophil-deficient zebrafish. These findings suggest a protective role for ZfpA activity in resistance to the innate immune response and antifungal treatment during A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Schoen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dante G. Calise
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jin Woo Bok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Morgan A. Giese
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chibueze D. Nwagwu
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David Andes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Britt EC, Lika J, Giese MA, Schoen TJ, Seim GL, Huang Z, Lee PY, Huttenlocher A, Fan J. Switching to the cyclic pentose phosphate pathway powers the oxidative burst in activated neutrophils. Nat Metab 2022; 4:389-403. [PMID: 35347316 PMCID: PMC8964420 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are cells at the frontline of innate immunity that can quickly activate effector functions to eliminate pathogens upon stimulation. However, little is known about the metabolic adaptations that power these functions. Here we show rapid metabolic alterations in neutrophils upon activation, particularly drastic reconfiguration around the pentose phosphate pathway, which is specifically and quantitatively coupled to an oxidative burst. During this oxidative burst, neutrophils switch from glycolysis-dominant metabolism to a unique metabolic mode termed 'pentose cycle', where all glucose-6-phosphate is diverted into oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and net flux through upper glycolysis is reversed to allow substantial recycling of pentose phosphates. This reconfiguration maximizes NADPH yield to fuel superoxide production via NADPH oxidase. Disruptions of pentose cycle greatly suppress oxidative burst, the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and pathogen killing by neutrophils. Together, these results demonstrate the remarkable metabolic flexibility of neutrophils, which is essential for their functions as the first responders in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Britt
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jorgo Lika
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Morgan A Giese
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taylor J Schoen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gretchen L Seim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhengping Huang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pui Y Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Korte BG, Giese MA, Ramakrishnan G, Ma S, Bennin D, Rindy J, Dewey CN, Huttenlocher A. Cell Type-Specific Transcriptome Profiling Reveals a Role for Thioredoxin During Tumor Initiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818893. [PMID: 35250998 PMCID: PMC8891495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment exhibit altered functions. However, the changes in neutrophil behavior during tumor initiation remain unclear. Here we used Translating Ribosomal Affinity Purification (TRAP) and RNA sequencing to identify neutrophil, macrophage and transformed epithelial cell transcriptional changes induced by oncogenic RasG12V in larval zebrafish. We found that transformed epithelial cells and neutrophils, but not macrophages, had significant changes in gene expression in larval zebrafish. Interestingly, neutrophils had more significantly down-regulated genes, whereas gene expression was primarily upregulated in transformed epithelial cells. The antioxidant, thioredoxin (txn), a small thiol that regulates reduction-oxidation (redox) balance, was upregulated in transformed keratinocytes and neutrophils in response to oncogenic Ras. To determine the role of thioredoxin during tumor initiation, we generated a zebrafish thioredoxin mutant. We observed an increase in wound-induced reactive oxygen species signaling and neutrophil recruitment in thioredoxin-deficient zebrafish. Transformed keratinocytes also showed increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis in thioredoxin-deficient larvae. Using live imaging, we visualized neutrophil behavior near transformed cells and found increased neutrophil recruitment and altered motility dynamics. Finally, in the absence of neutrophils, transformed keratinocytes no longer exhibited increased proliferation in thioredoxin mutants. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that tumor initiation induces changes in neutrophil gene expression and behavior that can impact proliferation of transformed cells in the early tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Korte
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Morgan A. Giese
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gayathri Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Stella Ma
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David Bennin
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Julie Rindy
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Colin N. Dewey
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Anna Huttenlocher,
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5
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Hind LE, Giese MA, Schoen TJ, Beebe DJ, Keller N, Huttenlocher A. Immune Cell Paracrine Signaling Drives the Neutrophil Response to A. fumigatus in an Infection-on-a-Chip Model. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:133-145. [PMID: 33868496 PMCID: PMC8010091 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophils act as first responders during an infection, following signals from the pathogen as well as other host cells to migrate from blood vessels to the site of infection. This tightly regulated process is critical for pathogen clearance and, in many cases, eliminates the pathogen without the need for an additional immune response. It is, therefore, critical to understand what signals drive neutrophil migration to infection in a physiologically relevant environment. METHODS In this study, we used an infection-on-a-chip model to recapitulate many important aspects of the infectious microenvironment including an endothelial blood vessel, an extracellular matrix, and the environmental fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We then used this model to visualize the innate immune response to fungal infection. RESULTS We found that A. fumigatus germination dynamics are influenced by the presence of an endothelial lumen. Furthermore, we demonstrated that neutrophils are recruited to and swarm around A. fumigatus hyphae and that the presence of monocytes significantly increases the neutrophil response to A. fumigatus. Using secreted protein analysis and blocking antibodies, we found that this increased migration is likely due to signaling by MIP-1 family proteins. Finally, we demonstrated that signal relay between neutrophils, mediated by LTB4 signaling, is also important for sustained neutrophil migration and swarming in response to A. fumigatus infection in our system. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that paracrine signaling from both monocytes and neutrophils plays an important role in driving the neutrophil response to A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel E. Hind
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Morgan A. Giese
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Taylor J. Schoen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Nancy Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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Abstract
Neutrophils act as the body's first line of defense against infection and respond to diverse inflammatory cues, including cancer. Neutrophils display plasticity, with the ability to adapt their function in different inflammatory contexts. In the tumor microenvironment, neutrophils have varied functions and have been classified using different terms, including N1/N2 neutrophils, tumor-associated neutrophils, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). These populations of neutrophils are primarily defined by their functional phenotype, because few specific cell surface markers have been identified. In this review, we will discuss neutrophil polarization and plasticity and the function of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory and protumor/antitumor neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss how neutrophils with the ability to suppress T-cell activation, referred to by some as PMN-MDSCs, fit into this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel E Hind
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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7
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Kuhlmann AS, Haworth KG, Barber-Axthelm IM, Ironside C, Giese MA, Peterson CW, Kiem HP. Long-Term Persistence of Anti-HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody-Secreting Hematopoietic Cells in Humanized Mice. Mol Ther 2018; 27:164-177. [PMID: 30391142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are among the most promising strategies to achieve long-term control of HIV-1 in the absence of combination antiretroviral therapy. Passive administration of such antibodies in patients efficiently decreases HIV-1 viremia, but is limited by the serum half-life of the protein. Here, we investigated whether antibody-secreting hematopoietic cells could overcome this problem. We genetically modified human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to secrete bNAbs and transplanted them into immunodeficient mice. We found that the gene-modified cells engraft and stably secrete antibodies in the peripheral blood of the animals for the 9 months of the study. Antibodies were predominantly expressed by human HSPC-derived T- and B cells. Importantly, we found that secreted PGT128 was able to delay HIV-1 viremia in vivo and also prevent a decline in CD4+ cells. Gene-modified cells were maintained in bone marrow and were also detected in spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. These data indicate that the bNAb secretion from HSPC-derived cells in mice is functional and can affect viral infection and CD4+ cell maintenance. This study paves the way for potential applications to other diseases requiring long-lasting protein or antibody delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Kuhlmann
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Kevin G Haworth
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Isaac M Barber-Axthelm
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Christina Ironside
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Morgan A Giese
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA
| | - Christopher W Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109-1024, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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8
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Radtke S, Adair JE, Giese MA, Chan YY, Norgaard ZK, Enstrom M, Haworth KG, Schefter LE, Kiem HP. A distinct hematopoietic stem cell population for rapid multilineage engraftment in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/414/eaan1145. [PMID: 29093179 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation is thought to be driven by committed multipotent progenitor cells followed by long-term engrafting hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We observed a population of early-engrafting cells displaying HSC-like behavior, which persisted long-term in vivo in an autologous myeloablative transplant model in nonhuman primates. To identify this population, we characterized the phenotype and function of defined nonhuman primate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) subsets and compared these to human HSPCs. We demonstrated that the CD34+CD45RA-CD90+ cell phenotype is highly enriched for HSCs. This population fully supported rapid short-term recovery and robust multilineage hematopoiesis in the nonhuman primate transplant model and quantitatively predicted transplant success and time to neutrophil and platelet recovery. Application of this cell population has potential in the setting of HSC transplantation and gene therapy/editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Radtke
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Adair
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Morgan A Giese
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yan-Yi Chan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zachary K Norgaard
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mark Enstrom
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin G Haworth
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren E Schefter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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9
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Giese MA, Fedorov L, Vogels R. Neural model for multi-stability in visual action recognition. BMC Neurosci 2015. [PMCID: PMC4699029 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-16-s1-p279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The human face and body are rich sources of socio-emotional cues. Accurate recognition of these cues is central to adaptive social functioning. Past studies indicate that individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) show deficits in the perception of emotion from facial cues but the contribution of bodily cues to social perception in schizophrenia is undetermined. The present study examined the detection of social cues from human gait patterns presented by computer-generated volumetric walking figures. METHOD A total of 22 SZ and 20 age-matched healthy control participants (CO) viewed 1 s movies of a 'digital' walker's gait and subsequently made a forced-choice decision on the emotional state (angry or happy) or the gender of the walker presented at three intensity levels. Overall sensitivity to the social cues and bias were computed. For SZ, symptom severity was assessed. RESULTS SZ were less sensitive than CO on both emotion and gender discrimination, regardless of intensity. While impaired overall, greater signal intensity did improve performance of SZ. Neither group differed in their response bias in either condition. The discrimination sensitivity of SZ was unrelated to their social functioning or symptoms but a bias toward perceiving gait as happy was associated with better social functioning. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SZ are impaired in extracting social information from gait but SZ benefited from increased signal intensity of social cues. Inaccurate perception of social cues in others may hinder adequate preparation for social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Peterman
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Christensen
- Section of Computational Sensomotorics, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University Clinic Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M A Giese
- Section of Computational Sensomotorics, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University Clinic Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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11
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Ilg W, Synofzik M, Brötz D, Burkard S, Giese MA, Schöls L. Intensive coordinative training improves motor performance in degenerative cerebellar disease. Neurology 2009; 73:1823-30. [PMID: 19864636 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181c33adf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cerebellum is known to play a strong functional role in both motor control and motor learning. Hence, the benefit of physiotherapeutic training remains controversial for patients with cerebellar degeneration. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a 4-week intensive coordinative training for 16 patients with progressive ataxia due to cerebellar degeneration (n = 10) or degeneration of afferent pathways (n = 6). METHODS Effects were assessed by clinical ataxia rating scales, individual goal attainment scores, and quantitative movement analysis. Four assessments were performed: 8 weeks before, immediately before, directly after, and 8 weeks after training. To control for variability in disease progression, we used an intraindividual control design, where performance changes with and without training were compared. RESULTS Significant improvements in motor performance and reduction of ataxia symptoms were observed in clinical scores after training and were sustained at follow-up assessment. Patients with predominant cerebellar ataxia revealed more distinct improvement than patients with afferent ataxia in several aspects of gait like velocity, lateral sway, and intralimb coordination. Consistently, in patients with cerebellar but without afferent ataxia, the regulation of balance in static and dynamic balance tasks improved significantly. CONCLUSION In patients with cerebellar ataxia, coordinative training improves motor performance and reduces ataxia symptoms, enabling them to achieve personally meaningful goals in everyday life. Training effects were more distinct for patients whose afferent pathways were not affected. For both groups, continuous training seems crucial for stabilizing improvements and should become standard of care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that coordinative training improves motor performance and reduces ataxia symptoms in patients with progressive cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ilg
- Departments of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, Tübingen, Gernmany.
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12
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Ilg W, Giese MA, Gizewski ER, Schoch B, Timmann D. The influence of focal cerebellar lesions on the control and adaptation of gait. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 131:2913-27. [PMID: 18835866 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxic gait is influenced greatly by balance disorders, most likely caused by lesions of the medial zone of the cerebellum. The contributions of the intermediate and lateral zone to the control of limb dynamics for gait and the adaptation of locomotor patterns are less well understood. In this study, we analysed locomotion and goal-directed leg movements in 12 patients with chronic focal lesions after resection of benign cerebellar tumours. The extent of the cortical lesion and possible involvement of the cerebellar nuclei was determined by 3D-MR imaging. The subjects (age range 13-39 years, mean 20.3; seven female; ICARS score: mean 5.7, SD 6.3) performed three tasks: goal-directed leg placement, walking and walking with additional weights on the shanks. Based on the performance on the first two tasks, patients were categorized as impaired or unimpaired for leg placement and for dynamic balance control in gait. The subgroup with impaired leg placement but not the subgroup with impaired balance showed abnormalities in the adaptation of locomotion to additional loads. A detailed analysis revealed specific abnormalities in the temporal aspects of intra-limb coordination for leg placement and adaptive locomotion. These findings indicate that common neural substrates could be responsible for intra-limb coordination in both tasks. Lesion-based MRI subtraction analysis revealed that the interposed and the adjacent dentate nuclei were more frequently affected in patients with impaired compared to unimpaired leg placement, whereas the fastigial nuclei (and to a lesser degree the interposed nuclei) were more frequently affected in patients with impaired compared with unimpaired dynamic balance control. The intermediate zone appears thus to be of particular importance for multi-joint limb control in both goal-directed leg movements and in locomotion. For locomotion, our results indicate an influence of the intermediate zone on dynamic balance control as well as on the adaptation to changes in limb dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ilg
- Section Computational Sensomotorics, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
The human visual system processes complex biological motion stimuli with high sensitivity and selectivity. The characterization of spatio-temporal generalization in the perception of biological motion is still a largely unresolved problem. We present an experiment that investigates how the visual system responds to motion stimuli that interpolate spatio-temporally between natural biological motion patterns. Inspired by analogous studies in stationary object recognition, we generated stimuli that interpolate between natural perceptual categories by morphing. Spatio-temporal morphs between natural movement patterns were obtained with a technique that allows to calculate linear combinations of spatio-temporal patterns. The weights of such linear combinations define a linear metric space over the set of generated movement patterns, so that the spatio-temporal similarity of the motion patterns can be quantified. In our experiments, we found smooth and continuous variation of the categorization probabilities with the weights of the prototypes in the morphs. For bipedal locomotion patterns we could accurately predict the perceived properties of the morphs by linear combinations of the perceived properties of the prototypes. Such predictions were not possible for morphs between locomotion and very dissimilar movements. We conclude that the visual system shows generalization within classes of motion patterns with similar basic structure, such as bipedal locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Giese
- Center for Biological and Computational Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Giese
- Center for Biological and Computational Learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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Giese MA, Dijkstra TM, Schöner G, Gielen CC. Identification of the nonlinear state-space dynamics of the action-perception cycle for visually induced postural sway. Biol Cybern 1996; 74:427-437. [PMID: 8991458 DOI: 10.1007/bf00206709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Human subjects standing in a sinusoidally moving visual environment display postural sway with characteristic dynamical properties. We analyzed the spatiotemporal properties of this sway in an experiment in which the frequency of the visual motion was varied. We found a constant gain near 1, which implies that the sway motion matches the spatial parameters of the visual motion for a large range of frequencies. A linear dynamical model with constant parameters was compared quantitatively with the data. Its failure to describe correctly the spatiotemporal properties of the system led us to consider adaptive and nonlinear models. To differentiate between possible alternative structures we directly fitted nonlinear differential equations to the sway and visual motion trajectories on a trial-by-trial basis. We found that the eigenfrequency of the fitted model adapts strongly to the visual motion frequency. The damping coefficient decreases with increasing frequency. This indicates that the system destabilizes its postural state in the inertial frame. This leads to a faster internal dynamics which is capable of synchronizing posture with fast-moving visual environments. Using an algorithm which allows the identification of essentially nonlinear terms of the dynamics we found small nonlinear contributions. These nonlinearities are not consistent with a limit-cycle dynamics, accounting for the robustness of the amplitude of postural sway against frequency variations. We interpret out results in terms of active generation of postural sway specified by sensory information. We derive also a number of conclusions for a behavior-oriented analysis of the postural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Giese
- Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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Dijkstra TM, Schöner G, Giese MA, Gielen CC. Frequency dependence of the action-perception cycle for postural control in a moving visual environment: relative phase dynamics. Biol Cybern 1994; 71:489-501. [PMID: 7999875 DOI: 10.1007/bf00198467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
When standing human subjects are exposed to a moving visual environment, the induced postural sway displays varying degrees of coherence with the visual information. In our experiment we varied the frequency of an oscillatory visual display and analysed the temporal relationship between visual motion and sway. We found that subjects maintain sizeable sway amplitudes even as temporal coherence with the display is lost. Postural sway tended to phase lead (for frequencies below 0.2 Hz) or phase lag (above 0.3 Hz). However, we also observed at a fixed frequency, highly variable phase relationships in which a preferred range of phase lags is prevalent, but phase jumps occur that return the system into the preferred range after phase has begun drifting out of the preferred regime. By comparing the results quantitatively with a dynamical model (the sine-circle map), we show that this effect can be understood as a form of relative coordination and arises through an instability of the dynamics of the action-perception cycle. Because such instabilities cannot arise in passively driven systems, we conclude that postural sway in this situation is actively generated as rhythmic movement which is coupled dynamically to the visual motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Dijkstra
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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