1
|
Kowalski RM, Gagne M, Drolet G, Burzin K, Carroll H, Korson H, Rimmer B, Aurilio E, Bunche R, Mochizuki G, Cote N, Dowd M, Brewer L, Evans K, Ridder A. Psychological dread and extreme persistent fear. J Soc Psychol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38310561 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2310545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Psychological dread is a phenomenon with which virtually everyone is familiar, whether dreading a medical appointment, a job interview, or the impending death of a loved one. Despite the prevalence of dread in most people's everyday lives, surprisingly little empirical research has explored the construct. The purpose of the current research was to examine psychological dread (Study 1 and Study 2) and to compare dread to extreme persistent fear (Study 2). Respondents across both studies completed surveys on which they described a dreaded experience (Studies 1 and 2) or an extremely feared event (Study 2) and answered questions about the event. Participants reported uncertainty and lack of control surrounding events associated with both dread and extreme persistent fear. They also anticipated that they would feel relief when these events were over, but this relief was greater with dread than fear. Implications for coping with dread and extreme persistent fears are discussed along with comparisons of the types of events most commonly associated with dread and extreme fear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madalynne Gagne
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Grace Drolet
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Burzin
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Hailey Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Hannah Korson
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Blake Rimmer
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Emma Aurilio
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Raquel Bunche
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Natalie Cote
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Morgan Dowd
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Lyndsey Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Kelly Evans
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Aspen Ridder
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schnitzer P, Dowd M, Morrongiello B, Kruse R. Supervision and risk of unintentional injury in young children. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590d.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
3
|
Martell RE, Chiorean EG, Youssoufian H, Rutstein MD, Pytowski B, Benjamin L, Abad L, Patel J, Steele T, Dowd M, Qin A, Kukel CF, Fox FE, Dontabhaktuni A, Morozov A. Phase I study of the anti-VEGFR-3 monoclonal antibody IMC-3C5 in subjects with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapy or for which no standard therapy is available. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.tps150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
4
|
Abstract
The development of drug-eluting stents to combat the problem of in-stent restenosis has revolutionized interventional cardiology. However, concerns have emerged about the risk of late angiographic stent thromboses associated with drug-eluting stents. It has been shown that noncytotoxic concentrations of paclitaxel exert an antiangiogenic effect, suggesting that paclitaxel and similar agents may inhibit key cellular functions in a threshold-independent manner. In this study, the effect of vinblastine, an antimitotic drug, on endothelial cells is analyzed. It is investigated whether noncytotoxic concentrations of the drug could exert an antirestenotic effect. The change in levels of cell proliferation, activity, and viability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was measured at a range of concentrations and over a number of time points. Also, the level of apoptotic activity in response to vinblastine was analyzed. This study shows that the concentration of vinblastine most appropriate in restenosis treatment would be between 0.1 and 1 nM. At this concentration, vinblastine exerts a distinct biological effect without causing an increase in apoptotic activity. These results emphasize the importance of finding an appropriate concentration window in order to minimize the risk of delayed endothelialization and thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Gallagher
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Snell BJ, Dowd M. Recurrent focal myositis presenting as flexion contractures of the fingers. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2007; 32:714. [PMID: 17993438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhse.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Snell
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia E-mail:
| | - M. Dowd
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McCauley JL, Olson LM, Dowd M, Amin T, Steele A, Blakely RD, Folstein SE, Haines JL, Sutcliffe JS. Linkage and association analysis at the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) locus in a rigid-compulsive subset of autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 127B:104-12. [PMID: 15108191 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a complex genetic neurodevelopmental disorder in which affected individuals display deficits in language, social relationships, and patterns of compulsive and stereotyped behaviors and rigidity. Linkage analysis in our dataset of 57 New England and 80 AGRE multiplex autism families reveals a multipoint heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) score of 2.74 at D17S1871 in 17q11.2. Analysis of phenotypic subsets shows an increased HLOD of 3.62 in families with compulsive behaviors and rigidity. The serotonin transporter locus (SLC6A4) maps nearby and is considered a functional candidate gene in autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We genotyped an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter (5-HTTLPR), and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the 38-kb transcriptional unit. Transmission disequilibrium (TD) analysis reveals nominal association at a SNP in intron 5 (P = 0.02) as well as 5-HTTLPR (P = 0.01), corresponding to over-transmission of the short allele. TD analysis in the rigid-compulsive subset shows no evidence for association. Intermarker linkage disequilibrium was determined. All SNPs define a single haplotype block, while 5-HTTLPR lies 5' to this block. Three SNPs are sufficient to detect all common alleles (> or =5%) in this > 26-kb block. Analysis of haplotypes for these markers demonstrates no evidence for association to autism. These data indicate that a common allele within the coding region of SLC6A4 is not responsible for the observed linkage. However, the presence of heterogeneous disease variants within the block or the existence of a common disease-associated allele either upstream or downstream of this block is possible. In fact, such variants may well account for linkage to 17q11.2 in our families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L McCauley
- Program in Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0615, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Van Eerdewegh P, Dowd M, Dupuis J, Falls K, Hayward B, Santangelo SL. On the detection of linkage in multiple data sets: a comparison of various statistical approaches. Genet Epidemiol 2002; 21 Suppl 1:S67-72. [PMID: 11793760 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.2001.21.s1.s67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We contrast the pooling of multiple data sets with the compound HLOD (HLOD-C) and the posterior probability of linkage (PPL), two approaches that have been shown to have more power in the presence of genetic heterogeneity. We also propose and evaluate several multipoint extensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Van Eerdewegh
- Genome Therapeutics Corporation, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Infants exposed to secondhand smoke, especially preterm infants with a very low birth weight (VLBW), have an increased risk for developing health problems. Smoking has been associated with numerous health problems in mothers and may reduce immune functioning as well. The purposes of this study were to examine smoking in postpartum mothers of term and preterm infants and to examine the relationship between smoking and immune status. Peripheral blood was drawn on 142 women at four data-collection points and tested for cotinine, immune cell phenotypes, and immune functioning. Overall, 39% of the participants smoked in the postpartum period, but 49% of mothers who delivered preterm infants smoked compared to only 28% of mothers who delivered term infants. There was no difference in cotinine levels between the smokers in both groups of postpartum mothers, nor was smoking related to immune phenotypes or immune function. Given the documented health risks to the mother and infant and the significant number of women who continue to smoke in the postpartum period, it is imperative that health care providers continue to assess smoking status and provide smoking-cessation counseling at every encounter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gennaro
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 420 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dowd M. Preventing and treating bone loss. Rehab Manag 2000; 13:32-3, 53. [PMID: 10847992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Dowd
- HealthSouth Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, Mass., USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fontaine AB, Verschyl A, Hoffer E, Borsa J, Dowd M. Use of CT-guided marking of the portal vein in creation of 150 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1997; 8:1073-7. [PMID: 9399481 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A B Fontaine
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hynes M, Stone DM, Dowd M, Pitts-Meek S, Goddard A, Gurney A, Rosenthal A. Control of cell pattern in the neural tube by the zinc finger transcription factor and oncogene Gli-1. Neuron 1997; 19:15-26. [PMID: 9247260 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a putative morphogen secreted by the floor plate and notochord, which specifies the fate of multiple cell types in the ventral aspect of the vertebrate nervous system. Since in Drosophila the actions of Hh have been shown to be transduced by Cubitus interruptus (Ci), a zinc finger transcription factor, we examined whether a vertebrate homolog of this protein can mediate the functions of Shh in the vertebrate nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that expression of Gli-1, one of three vertebrate homologs of Ci, can be induced by Shh in the neural tube. Further, ectopic expression of Gli-1 in the dorsal midbrain and hindbrain of transgenic mice mimics the effects of ectopically expressed Shh-N, leading to the activation of ventral neural tube markers such as Ptc, HNF-3beta, and Shh; to the suppression of dorsal markers such as Pax-3 and AL-1; and to the formation of ectopic dorsal clusters of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. These findings demonstrate that GLI-1 can reproduce the cell patterning actions of Shh in the developing nervous system and provide support for the hypothesis that it is a mediator of the Shh signal in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hynes
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferrara N, Carver-Moore K, Chen H, Dowd M, Lu L, O'Shea KS, Powell-Braxton L, Hillan KJ, Moore MW. Heterozygous embryonic lethality induced by targeted inactivation of the VEGF gene. Nature 1996; 380:439-42. [PMID: 8602242 DOI: 10.1038/380439a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2525] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The endothelial cell-specific mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of pathological angiogenesis. Also, the expression of VEGF and its two receptors, Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR, is related to the formation of blood vessels in mouse and rat embryos. Mice homozygous for mutations that inactivate either receptor die in utero between days 8.5 and 9.5. However, ligand(s) other than VEGF might activate such receptors. To assess the role of VEGF directly, we disrupted the VEGF gene in embryonic stem cells. Here we report the unexpected finding that loss of a single VEGF allele is lethal in the mouse embryo between days 11 and 12. Angiogenesis and blood-island formation were impaired, resulting in several developmental anomalies. Furthermore, VEGF-null embryonic stem cells exhibit a dramatically reduced ability to form tumours in nude mice.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Chimera
- Embryo, Mammalian/abnormalities
- Embryo, Mammalian/blood supply
- Embryonic and Fetal Development/genetics
- Embryonic and Fetal Development/physiology
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Endothelial Growth Factors/physiology
- Female
- Fetal Death/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Targeting
- Heterozygote
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Lymphokines/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Stem Cells
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ferrara
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Sauvage FJ, Carver-Moore K, Luoh SM, Ryan A, Dowd M, Eaton DL, Moore MW. Physiological regulation of early and late stages of megakaryocytopoiesis by thrombopoietin. J Exp Med 1996; 183:651-6. [PMID: 8627177 PMCID: PMC2192470 DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.2.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (TPO) has recently been cloned and shown to regulate megakaryocyte and platelet production by activating the cytokine receptor c-mpl. To determine whether TPO is the only ligand for c-mpl and the major regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis, TPO deficient mice were generated by gene targeting. TPO-/- mice have a >80% decrease in their platelets and megakaryocytes but have normal levels of all the other hematopoietic cell types. A gene dosage effect observed in heterozygous mice suggests that the TPO gene is constitutively expressed and that the circulating TPO level is directly regulated by the platelet mass. Bone marrow from TPO-/- mice have decreased numbers of megakaryocyte-committed progenitors as well as lower ploidy in the megakaryocytes that are present. These results demonstrate that TPO alone is the major physiological regulator of both proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells into mature megakaryocytes but that TPO is not critical to the final step of platelet production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J de Sauvage
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Powell-Braxton L, Hollingshead P, Warburton C, Dowd M, Pitts-Meek S, Dalton D, Gillett N, Stewart TA. IGF-I is required for normal embryonic growth in mice. Genes Dev 1993; 7:2609-17. [PMID: 8276243 DOI: 10.1101/gad.7.12b.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IGF-I is a pleiotropic hormone reported to affect linear growth, glucose metabolism, organ homeostasis, and the immune and neurologic systems. In contrast to IGF-II, IGF-I is expressed at low levels embryonically and has been thought to be more important for postnatal growth and development. To investigate the role of IGF-I in normal development we generated mice with an inactive IGF-I gene by homologous recombination in ES cells. Heterozygous mice are healthy and fertile, but they are 10-20% smaller than wild-type littermates and have lower than normal levels of IGF-I. The size reduction is attributable to a decrease in organs and muscle and bone mass. However, all tissues appear histologically normal. At birth homozygous mutant mice (IGF-I-/-) are < 60% body weight of wild type. Greater than 95% of IGF-I-/- pups die perinatally. Histopathology is characterized by underdevelopment of muscle tissue. Lungs of late embryonic and neonates also appeared less organized with ill-defined alveolae. IGF-I appears to be essential for correct embryonic development in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Powell-Braxton
- Department of Endocrine Research, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4990
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Guck TP, Melman PW, Skultety F, Dowd M. Physical medicine Prediction of long term outcome of multidisciplinary pain treatment. Pain 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(87)90097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
17
|
Dowd M. Rape: the sexual weapon. Time 1983; 122:27-9. [PMID: 10261458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|