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Aalinezhad M, Alikhani F, Akbari P, Rezaei MH, Soleimani S, Hakamifard A. Relationship between CT Severity Score and Capillary Blood Oxygen Saturation in Patients with COVID-19 Infection. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021; 25:279-283. [PMID: 33790507 PMCID: PMC7991766 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 pneumonia is responsible for the latest pandemic. Usage of pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scan is known to be an important method in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Here, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between CT severity score and capillary blood oxygen saturation in patients with COVID-19 infection. Methods and material: This is a cross-sectional study performed in 2020 on patients with COVID-19 infection. All patients underwent pulmonary CT scan and CT severity score was calculated. The initial capillary oxygen saturation by the time of admission was also collected. Data were collected and analyzed. Results: A total number of 270 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection entered the study. The initial mean capillary oxygen saturation was 89.65 ± 8.09%. The mean score in patients was 15.16 ± 8.08. We also indicated that 27 patients had hypoxia by the time of admission and these patients had significantly higher CT severity scores (p = 0.001). Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p = 0.03) and totally having an underlying disease (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with decreased capillary oxygen saturation. Patients with hypertension (p = 0.001) and patients with the previous medical disease (p = 0.01) had significantly higher CT severity scores than others. There was a significant reverse relationship between CT severity score and capillary oxygen saturation (r = -0.44, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We showed that there was a significant reverse relationship between CT severity score and capillary oxygen saturation which has great clinical importance. Furthermore, we indicated that previous medical history could also play an important role in CT severity score. How to cite this article: Aalinezhad M, Alikhani F, Akbari P, Haji Rezaei M, Soleimani S, Hakamifard A. Relationship between CT Severity Score and Capillary Blood Oxygen Saturation in Patients with COVID-19 Infection. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(3):279-283.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Aalinezhad
- Deparment of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Alikhani
- Deparment of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pooya Akbari
- Deparment of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Samira Soleimani
- Deparment of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atousa Hakamifard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Farghadani M, Barikbin R, Rezaei MH, Hekmatnia A, Aalinezhad M, Zare H. Differentiating solid breast masses: comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of shear wave elastography and magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis (Berl) 2020; 8:382-387. [PMID: 33006950 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2020-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shear wave elastography (SWE) quantitatively determines the nature of the breast lesions. Few previous studies have compared the diagnostic value of this modality with other imaging techniques. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of SWE with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting the nature of the breast masses. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 80 patients with breast lumps who had Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score of three or higher based on mammography and/or screening ultrasonography, underwent 3D SWE and MRI. The lesions were classified according to MRI BI-RADS scoring; Mean elasticity (Emean) and elasticity ratio (Eratio) for each lesion were also determined by SWE. The results of these two modalities were compared with histopathologic diagnosis as the gold standard method; diagnostic value and diagnostic agreement were then calculated. RESULTS Of the masses, 46.2% were histopathologically proven to be malignant. The Emean for benign and malignant masses was 34.04 ± 19.51 kPa and 161.92 ± 58.14 kPa, respectively. Both modalities had diagnostic agreement with histopathologic results (p<0.001). Kappa coefficient was 0.87 for SWE and 0.42 for MRI. The sensitivity of both methods was 94.59% (95% CI: 81.81-99.34), while the specificity and accuracy were 48.84% [95% CI: 33.31-64.54] and 70.0% [95% CI: 58.72-79.74] for MRI, and 93.02% [95% CI: 80.94-98.54] and 93.75% [95% CI: 86.01-97.94] for SWE. CONCLUSIONS SWE has better diagnostic value in terms of determining the nature of the breast masses. SWE can increase the diagnostic function of differentiating benign masses from malignant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farghadani
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, School of medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rozbeh Barikbin
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Hekmatnia
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Aalinezhad
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hosein Zare
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Alikhani F, Aalinezhad M, Rezaei MH, Akbari P, Hashemi M. Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia and Pulmonary Embolism: Presentation of Four Cases. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24:873-876. [PMID: 33132576 PMCID: PMC7584821 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, elevated D-dimer levels as an acute-phase reactant have been reported in some patients. Additionally, the patients with pneumonia are at increased risk of developing thromboembolic events. Diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis can be challenging in SARS-CoV2-positive patients. Here, we report four patients with COVID-19 pneumonia to highlight the possibility of acute thromboembolism in these patients. The physicians should be aware of this complication and even consider prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in proper clinical settings. How to cite this article: Alikhani F, Aalinezhad M, Haji Rezaei M, Akbari P, Hashemi M. Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia and Pulmonary Embolism: Presentation of Four Cases. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(9):873-876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Alikhani
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Aalinezhad
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pouya Akbari
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hashemi
- Department of Pulmonology, Amin Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Eidy M, Fazel MR, Janzamini M, Haji Rezaei M, Moravveji AR. Preemptive Analgesic Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Postoperative Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18:e35050. [PMID: 27275401 PMCID: PMC4893426 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.35050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological analgesic method used to control different types of pain. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative TENS on post inguinal hernia repair pain. Patients and Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 66 male patients with unilateral inguinal hernias who were admitted to the Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan, Iran, from April to October 2014. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method and were assigned to intervention (n = 33) and control (n = 33) groups using permuted-block randomization. Patients in the intervention group were treated with TENS 1 hour before surgery, while the placebo was administered to patients in the control group. All of the patients underwent inguinal hernia repair by the Lichtenstein method, and pain intensity was evaluated at 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours after surgery using a visual analogue scale. Additionally, the amounts of analgesic administered by pump were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results The mean estimated postoperative pain intensity was 6.21 ± 1.63 in the intervention group and 5.45 ± 1.82 in the control group (P = 0.08). In the intervention group pain intensity at 2 and 4 hours after surgery were 3.54 ± 1.48 and 5.12 ± 1.41 (P < 0.001), respectively. In the control group these values were 4.0±1.5 and 4.76 ± 1.39 (P = 0.04), respectively. No significant differences were observed in mean pain intensities at 6 and 12 hours. Conclusions TENS can reduce postoperative pain in the early hours after inguinal hernia repair surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Eidy
- Department of General Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazel
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Monir Janzamini
- Department of General Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Monir Janzamini, Department of General Surgery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3155540021; +98-9123976157, Fax: +98-3155540111, E-mail:
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Ali Reza Moravveji
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Sharif MR, Aalinezhad M, Sajadian SMS, Haji Rezaei M. Streptococcal Pharyngitis in a Two-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e32630. [PMID: 27540457 PMCID: PMC4976646 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.32630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus is the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis among 5 - 15-year-old children, but it is uncommon in children less than three years old and rarely happens in infants less than one year old. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 62-day-old female infant who presented with fever and poor feeding since two days before admission. At the time of admission, the patient was febrile and ill. Upon examination, a rectal temperature of 38.5°C, multiple right-sided submandibular lymphadenopathies, pharyngeal erythema, and tonsillar exudates were detected. Twenty-four hours after the throat swab was collected and cultured, Streptococcus pyogenes grew on a sheep blood agar medium. The patient's mother, who also experienced similar symptoms, had a positive throat swab culture for S. pyogenes. CONCLUSIONS Although Streptococcal pharyngitis is rare in children less than three years old and the necessity of treatment is not well clarified, in case of streptococcal infection in parents and the occurrence of similar signs and symptoms in their child, considering S. pharyngitis as a possible differential diagnosis seems rational.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzieh Aalinezhad
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mostafa Haji Rezaei, Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9127481334, E-mail:
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Sharif MR, Haji Rezaei M, Aalinezhad M, Sarami G, Rangraz M. Rectal Diclofenac Versus Rectal Paracetamol: Comparison of Antipyretic Effectiveness in Children. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2016; 18:e27932. [PMID: 26889398 PMCID: PMC4753024 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.27932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Fever is the most common complaint in pediatric medicine and its treatment is
recommended in some situations. Paracetamol is the most common antipyretic drug, which
has serious side effects such as toxicity along with its positive effects. Diclofenac is
one of the strongest non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs, which has received
little attention as an antipyretic drug. Objectives This study was designed to compare the antipyretic effectiveness of the rectal form of
Paracetamol and Diclofenac. Patients and Methods This double-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 children aged six
months to six years old. One group was treated with rectal Paracetamol suppositories at
15 mg/kg dose and the other group received Diclofenac at 1 mg/kg by rectal
administration (n = 40). Rectal temperature was measured before and one hour after the
intervention. Temperature changes in the two groups were compared. Results The average rectal temperature in the Paracetamol group was 39.6 ± 1.13°C,
and 39.82 ± 1.07°C in the Diclofenac group (P = 0.37). The average rectal
temperature, one hour after the intervention, in the Paracetamol and the Diclofenac
group was 38.39 ± 0.89°C and 38.95 ± 1.09°C, respectively (P =
0.02). Average temperature changes were 0.65 ± 0.17°C in the Paracetamol group
and 1.73 ± 0.69°C in the Diclofenac group (P < 0.001). Conclusions In the first one hour, Diclofenac suppository is able to control the fever more
efficient than Paracetamol suppositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sharif
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of
Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical
Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical
Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Marzieh Aalinezhad
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical
Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
- Medical Student Research Center, Isfahan University of
Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Golbahareh Sarami
- Department of Pediatrcis, Kashan University of Medical
Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Masoud Rangraz
- Department of Pediatrcis, Kashan University of Medical
Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Masoud Rangraz, Department of
Pediatrcis, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3155540021,
Fax: +98-3155540111, E-mail:
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Moini AS, Soltani B, Taghavi Ardakani A, Moravveji A, Erami M, Haji Rezaei M, Namazi M. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From Patients in Kashan, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e27517. [PMID: 26587220 PMCID: PMC4644348 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.27517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are common human pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of infections. Antimicrobial resistance is a basic obstacle in the management of these infections which has different patterns in various regions. OBJECTIVES In this study, the antibiotic resistance patterns and risk factors for multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and K. pneumoniae were determined. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 250 isolates (134 E. coli and 116 K. pneumoniae) were collected and antimicrobial resistances to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amikacin, gentamycin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were evaluated by disc diffusion method and confirmed by E-test. Moreover, risk factors for MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae were also detected. RESULTS The mean ages of the culture-positive cases of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 33.39 ± 24.42 and 36.54 ± 24.66 years, respectively (P = 0.31); 137 (54.8%) cases were male and 113 (45.2%) were female (P = 0.53). Nineteen (14.2%) isolates of E. coli and 12 (10.3%) isolates of K. pneumoniae were sensitive to all the evaluated antibiotics. The prevalence of MDR E. coli and MDR K. pneumoniae was 50% and 46.6%, respectively (P = 0.59). The highest resistance for both strains was to ampicillin and no imipenem resistance was seen. The risk factors for MDR E. coli were admission history during the recent three months (P = 0.043) and antibiotic use in the previous month (P = 0.03); for MDR K. pneumoniae, they were admission in the pediatric ward (P = 0.016), surgical ward (P = 0.019), or gynecology ward (P = 0.12), admission duration of > seven days, and antibiotic use during the past month (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of multidrug resistance was high compared with developed countries, and history of admission, antibiotic use, admission duration and admission wards were the risk factors for multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Sadat Moini
- Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Babak Soltani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Babak Soltani, Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3155575840, Fax: +98-3155548900, E-mail:
| | | | - Alireza Moravveji
- Department of Community Medicine, Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mahzad Erami
- Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mansoor Namazi
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Erami M, Soltani B, Taghavi Ardakani A, Moravveji A, Haji Rezaei M, Soltani S, Moniri R. Nasal Carriage and Resistance Pattern of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Healthy Children in Kashan, Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014; 16:e21346. [PMID: 25593734 PMCID: PMC4270649 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a substantial source of human infections. Detection and treatment of nasal carriage in children with methicillin-resistant and multidrug resistant S. aureus (MRSA and MDRSA, respectively) may be an important modality in prevention of infections. Objectives: This study determined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns and risk factors for nasal carriage of MDRSA among healthy children. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 350 one-month to 14-year-old healthy children in Kashan city, Iran. From all health-care centers, four were chosen by simple random sampling. Nasal samples were cultured in blood agar medium for S. aureus and antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined by disc diffusion and E-test. Risk factors for nasal carriage of MDRSA were also determined. Results: A total of 92 (26.3%) S. aureus isolates were obtained, of which 33 (35.9%) were MRSA and 27 (29.3%) were MDRSA. Of MRSA strains, 19 (70.4%) were MDRSA. S. aureus isolates showed 52.2% resistance to cephalothin, 33.7% to co-trimoxazole, 26.1% to clindamycin, 26.1% to ciprofloxacin, 4.3% to vancomycin, and 35.9% to oxacillin. The risk factors for nasal carriage of MDRSA were antibiotic usage during the last three months (P = 0.006), family size of more than four members (P = 0.044), and parental smoking (P = 0.045). Conclusions: MDRSA was not uncommon among healthy children in Kashan and prevention of its spread in the population is judicious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahzad Erami
- Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Babak Soltani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Babak Soltani, Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3155575840, Fax: +98-3155550026, E-mail:
| | | | - Alireza Moravveji
- Department of Community Medicine, Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Siamak Soltani
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Rezvan Moniri
- Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Soltani B, Taghavi Ardakani A, Moravveji A, Erami M, Haji Rezaei M, Moniri R, Namazi M. Risk Factors for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization of Healthy Children. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e20025. [PMID: 25485071 PMCID: PMC4255386 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nasal colonization of healthy children with Staphylococcus aureus is an important risk factor for different infections. Detection of colonized individuals with methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and its eradication is the proper prevention strategy for infection spread in the community and health-care centers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors and antibiotic resistance pattern among healthy children who were nasal carriers of S. aureus. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 one month to 14-year-old healthy children living in Kashan/Iran. The nasal specimens were cultured in blood agar medium for S. aureus. Positive cultures were evaluated for cephalothin, co-trimoxazole, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, oxacillin and vancomycin susceptibility by the disc diffusion method and E-test. Risk factors for nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA were evaluated. Results: Frequency of S. aureus nasal carriage was 92 from 350 cases (26.2%), amongst which 33 (35.9%) were MRSA. Isolates indicated an overall resistance of 52.2% to cephalothin, 33.7% to co-trimoxazol, 26.1% to ciprofloxacin, 26.1% to clindamycin, 35.9% to oxacillin and 4.3% to vancomycin. Factors associated with MRSA nasal carriage included gender (P value 0.001), age of less than four years (P value 0.016), number of individuals in the family (P value < 0.001), antibiotic use (P value < 0.001) and admission (P value < 0.001) during the previous three months, parental smoking (P value < 0.001) and sleeping with parents (P value 0.022). Conclusions: Age of less than four years, male sex, family size being more than four, antibiotic use and admission during the previous three months, parental smoking and sleeping with parents were independent risk factors for nasal colonization with MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Soltani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Babak Soltani, Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: + 98-3615575840, Fax: + 98-3615550026, E-mail:
| | | | - Alireza Moravveji
- Department of Community Medicine, Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mahzad Erami
- Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Rezvan Moniri
- Department of Microbiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mansoor Namazi
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Taghavi Ardakani A, Soltani B, Sehat M, Namjoo S, Haji Rezaei M. Seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis a antibody among 1 - 15 year old children in kashan-iran. Hepat Mon 2013; 13:e10553. [PMID: 23967019 PMCID: PMC3741904 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.10553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, hepatitis A is a common infection during childhood especially in developing countries. It can cause severe complications in adults and patients with underlying diseases. OBJECTIVES This study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A in 1 - 15 year-old children of Kashan. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on 666 one to fifteen year-old children from health-care centers in Kashan city during 2012. Total antibodies against hepatitis A were measured in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Totally, 3.9% of children were seropositive. Mean number of family members was 3.92 ± 0.89. There was no difference in seroprevalence of hepatitis A relative to sex, family size, mean age and age groups. CONCLUSIONS In this city, a great proportion of children are susceptible to hepatitis A and it's complications at an older age. This decrease in seropositivity may be caused by elevated hygien level. According to our results hepatitis A vaccination is recommended at early childhood such as that of other regions where low prevalence of hepatitis A infection is found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Soltani
- Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Babak Soltani, Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3615550026, Fax: +98-3615550026, E-mail:
| | - Mojtaba Sehat
- Department of Community Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Somayeh Namjoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Rezaei
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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