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Giusti F, Martos C, Neamtiu L, Randi G, Flego M, Dyba T, Calvalho R, Dimitrova N, Nicholson N, Bettio M. 1402P Gastroesophageal cancer treatment patterns in Europe and the United States: An exploratory analysis using population-based cancer registry data. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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2
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Giusti F, Martos C, Neamtiu L, Dimitrova N, Randi G, Carvalho R, Dyba T, Flego M, Nicholson N, Bettio M. Monitoring clinical patterns in early and advanced breast cancer in Europe through population-based cancer registries data. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Kahn R, Badiner N, Nicholson N, Siddiqui M, Goyal A, Gordhandas S, Caputo T, Holcomb K, Frey M, Chapman-Davis E. E-cadherin expression as a prognostic biomarker for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS) and cervical adenocarcinoma (AC). Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Kahn R, Zhou Z, Goyal A, Nicholson N, Caputo T, Holcomb K, Frey M, Chapman-Davis E. Is hysterectomy necessary for the treatment of stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesions (SMILE) of the cervix? Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Randi G, Dyba T, Martos C, Giusti F, Dimitrova N, Neamtiu L, Flego M, Nicholson N, Carvalho R, Bettio M. Estimated Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Europe for the year 2020. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Up-to-date cancer burden indicators are essential to support political decision making, to enable epidemiological research and as an information source for citizens. Nevertheless, observed cancer incidence and mortality suffer from an endemic registration delay in the data production workflow. To overcome this, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre in collaboration with the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer have computed estimates of cancer incidence and mortality, for the year 2020 and for European countries, in the framework of the European Cancer Information System (ECIS).
Methods
Predicted values for the year 2020 are based on the incidence data of more than 150 European population-based cancer registries included in the ECIS, and on the WHO mortality database. According to previously developed and applied methodology, the estimates of 2020 cancer incidence and mortality rates were produced for 40 European countries, on the basis of the most recent time trends of observed data, where possible. Estimated rates were then applied to the projected 2020 population from EUROSTAT, to calculate the predicted number of new cases and deaths for 2020 in each European country.
Results
The number of new cancer cases and deaths in 2020 has been estimated per country by sex and age group, for 25 major cancer sites. The results are included and disseminated through the ECIS web application (https://ecis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/).
Conclusions
The release of up-to-date cancer incidence and mortality estimates is of crucial importance in supporting evidence-based EU cancer policies. The homogeneity of the estimation methods applied throughout Europe guarantees the comparability of the estimated values between countries. Reliable and comparable estimates enable highlighting differences between countries in cancer incidence and mortality, thus facilitating the identification of possible intervention areas.
Key messages
The EC’s JRC, in collaboration with WHO’s IARC, have computed estimates of cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2020 for European countries, in the framework of the ECIS. The number of new cancer cases and deaths in 2020 has been estimated in 40 European countries for 25 major cancer sites and included in the ECIS web application (https://ecis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Randi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - T Dyba
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - C Martos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - F Giusti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - N Dimitrova
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - L Neamtiu
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - M Flego
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - N Nicholson
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - R Carvalho
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - M Bettio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy
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6
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Giusti F, Martos M, Scoccianti S, Neamtiu L, Randi G, Flego M, Dyba T, De Carvalho RN, Dimitrova N, Nicholson N, Bettio M. 365MO Exploring changes in glioblastoma treatment patterns in Europe and the USA with population-based cancer registry data. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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7
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Giusti F, Martos C, Neamtiu L, Randi G, Dyba T, Flego M, Carvalho R, Dimitrova N, Nicholson N, Bettio M. 508P Evaluating colorectal cancer treatment patterns by stage in European cancer registries. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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8
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Martos M, Giusti F, Neamtiu L, Randi G, Dyba T, Flego M, Dimitrova N, Carvalho R, Nicholson N, Bettio M. 1596P Could population-based cancer registries contribute to breast cancer screening assessment? Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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9
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Carvalho R, Randi G, Martos C, Dyba T, Giusti F, Nicholson N, Neamtiu L, Dimitrova N, Bettio M. Burden of cancer and human exposure to chemicals. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer has important impacts on the EU's health systems and economies, with around 3 million new patients diagnosed each year. However, up to 40% of cancers are attributed to preventable causes. For these reasons, cancer is one of the main priorities of the EC in the health domain.
The new Europe's Beating Cancer Plan of the EC, to be launched at the end of 2020, aims to support EU Member States to improve cancer control and care, by proposing actions at every key stage of the disease: prevention (lifestyle, pollution, vaccination), diagnosis, treatment and survivorship. Reliable cancer statistics are essential to propel both epidemiological research and political decision making, and provide the supporting evidence to allow assessment of best practices in all those key stages. To this purpose, the European Cancer Information System (ECIS), built on European population-based cancer registries' data, provides the latest information on indicators that quantify the burden of cancer in Europe. It permits the exploration of geographical patterns and temporal trends of incidence, mortality and survival by granting access to harmonised and validated cancer incidence data.
Population-based cancer registries have been essential in many of the epidemiological studies that led to the identification of several carcinogens in the work place as well as those linked to certain lifestyle habits such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. However, In conditions of low exposure, the identification of cancer hazards has remained largely inconclusive, due to the unavailability of sufficient exposure data and appropriate models that can account for multiple exposures over extended periods.
The linkage between cancer registries data and administrative databases, biobanks, environmental data and extensive lifestyle questionnaires could help identifying or consolidate the available information on emerging carcinogens and populations at risk, thus allowing the development of preventable measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carvalho
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - G Randi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - C Martos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - T Dyba
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - F Giusti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - N Nicholson
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - L Neamtiu
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - N Dimitrova
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - M Bettio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
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Dyba T, Randi G, Martos M, Giusti F, Ferlay J, Bray F, Dimitrova N, Neamtiu L, Nicholson N, Carvalho R, Bettio M. 1581O Estimation of European cancer burden for the year 2020. Ann Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7506369 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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11
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Giusti F, Martos C, Crocetti E, Dimitrova N, Randi G, Neamtiu L, Carvalho R, Dyba T, Flego M, Nicholson N, Bettio M. Patient data to monitor clinical patterns in early and advanced breast cancer in Europe. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz240.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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12
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Bettio M, Carvalho R, Dimitrova N, Dyba T, Flego M, Giusti F, Martos C, Neamtiu L, Nicholson N, Randi G, Nicholl C. Measuring the cancer burden in Europe: The European Cancer Information System (ECIS). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz263.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Bettio M, Carvalho R, Dimitrova N, Dyba T, Giusti F, Martos C, Neamtiu L, Randi G, Nicholson N. Measuring the cancer burden: the European Cancer Information System. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Bettio
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - T Dyba
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - F Giusti
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - C Martos
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | - G Randi
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
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15
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Randi G, Ben E, Carvalho R, Dimitrova N, Dyba T, Giusti F, Martos C, Neamtiu L, Nicholson N, Bettio M. European Cancer Information System web-application: analysing and visualising European cancer data. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky214.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Randi
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - E Ben
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - T Dyba
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - F Giusti
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - C Martos
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - M Bettio
- Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
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Bettio M, Carvalho R, Crocetti E, Dyba T, Giusti F, Martos C, Randi G, Rooney R, Voti L, Nicholson N. Assessing Cancer Burden across Europe: Towards a Comprehensive an Harmonised Cancer Information System. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw168.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Martos C, Giusti F, Randi G, Voti L, Crocetti E, Rooney R, Dyba T, Carvalho R, Nicholson N, Bettio M. Improving cancer data comparability in Europe: a common data quality-checking software tool. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw168.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Giusti F, Martos C, Randi G, Crocetti E, Dyba T, Voti L, Rooney R, Carvalho R, Nicholson N, Bettio M. Evaluation of European Cancer Registries' Data Quality within the ENCR-JRC Project. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw168.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Cockell CS, Bush T, Bryce C, Direito S, Fox-Powell M, Harrison JP, Lammer H, Landenmark H, Martin-Torres J, Nicholson N, Noack L, O'Malley-James J, Payler SJ, Rushby A, Samuels T, Schwendner P, Wadsworth J, Zorzano MP. Habitability: A Review. Astrobiology 2016; 16:89-117. [PMID: 26741054 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2015.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Habitability is a widely used word in the geoscience, planetary science, and astrobiology literature, but what does it mean? In this review on habitability, we define it as the ability of an environment to support the activity of at least one known organism. We adopt a binary definition of "habitability" and a "habitable environment." An environment either can or cannot sustain a given organism. However, environments such as entire planets might be capable of supporting more or less species diversity or biomass compared with that of Earth. A clarity in understanding habitability can be obtained by defining instantaneous habitability as the conditions at any given time in a given environment required to sustain the activity of at least one known organism, and continuous planetary habitability as the capacity of a planetary body to sustain habitable conditions on some areas of its surface or within its interior over geological timescales. We also distinguish between surface liquid water worlds (such as Earth) that can sustain liquid water on their surfaces and interior liquid water worlds, such as icy moons and terrestrial-type rocky planets with liquid water only in their interiors. This distinction is important since, while the former can potentially sustain habitable conditions for oxygenic photosynthesis that leads to the rise of atmospheric oxygen and potentially complex multicellularity and intelligence over geological timescales, the latter are unlikely to. Habitable environments do not need to contain life. Although the decoupling of habitability and the presence of life may be rare on Earth, it may be important for understanding the habitability of other planetary bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Cockell
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Bush
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Bryce
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Direito
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Fox-Powell
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - J P Harrison
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Lammer
- 2 Austrian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute , Graz, Austria
| | - H Landenmark
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Martin-Torres
- 3 Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology , Kiruna, Sweden; and Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - N Nicholson
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Noack
- 4 Department of Reference Systems and Planetology, Royal Observatory of Belgium , Brussels, Belgium
| | - J O'Malley-James
- 5 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , St Andrews, UK; now at the Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S J Payler
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Rushby
- 6 Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Science (COAS), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia , Norwich, UK
| | - T Samuels
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Schwendner
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Wadsworth
- 1 UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - M P Zorzano
- 3 Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology , Kiruna, Sweden; and Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Armilla, Granada, Spain
- 7 Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) , Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
A number of studies have reported on the successful use of intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists in patients with unstable angina or undergoing percutaneous interventions. The promise of interrupting the aggregation of platelets in the setting of unstable plaques on a chronic basis had led to the evaluation of several oral agents for longer-term administration. The development program of two of these agents, xemilofiban and orbofiban, will be reviewed and evaluated to understand the selection process of therapeutic targets for use based upon complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses. A review of the pivotal phase III trial results will also be provided along with insights into the potential reasons for the lack of significant benefit shown with these agents to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anders
- Searle/Pharmacia Pharmaceuticals, 5200 Old Orchard Road, OO-II-3102, Skokie, IL 60077, USA.
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21
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Spitzfaden C, Nicholson N, Jones JJ, Guth S, Lehr R, Prescott CD, Hegg LA, Eggleston DS. The structure of ribonuclease P protein from Staphylococcus aureus reveals a unique binding site for single-stranded RNA. J Mol Biol 2000; 295:105-15. [PMID: 10623511 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease P (RNaseP) catalyses the removal of the 5'-leader sequence from pre-tRNA to produce the mature 5' terminus. The prokaryotic RNaseP holoenzyme consists of a catalytic RNA component and a protein subunit (RNaseP protein), which plays an auxiliary but essential role in vivo by binding to the 5'-leader sequence and broadening the substrate specificity of the ribozyme. We determined the three-dimensional high-resolution structure of the RNaseP protein from Staphylococcus aureus (117 amino acid residues) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution. The protein has an alphabeta-fold, similar to the ribonucleoprotein domain. We used small nucleic acid molecules as a model for the 5'-leader sequence to probe the propensity for generic single-stranded RNA binding on the protein surface. The NMR results reveal a contiguous interaction site, which is identical with the previously identified leader sequence binding site in RNaseP holoenzyme. The conserved arginine-rich motif does not bind single-stranded RNA. It is likely that this peptide segment binds selectively to double-stranded sections of P RNA, which are conformationally more rigid. Given the essentiality of RNaseP for the viability of the organism, knowledge of the S. aureus protein structure and insight into its interaction with RNA will help us to develop RNaseP and RNaseP protein as targets for novel antibiotics against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Spitzfaden
- Computational and Structural Sciences, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, CM19 5AW, UK.
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22
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Collins CD, Myers G, Nicholson N. A successful transport scenario for the health sector in developing countries. World Hosp 1999; 28:9-14. [PMID: 10166350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The role and operation of transport in the health sector in developing countries is important, costly but often taken for granted. This article suggests the need for a fresh look at the policy, planning and management of transport through the analysis of the essential components of a successful transport scenario for health services in developing countries i.e. transport and health planning; transport and organisational responsibility; the role of health sector donors; decision-making and procurement of transport and spares; transport and human resources; monitoring and control of transport and information; maintenance and repair; the budget. The article concludes with a checklist of key questions that may be used in assessing the contribution of transport to the health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Collins
- Nuffield Institute for Health Services Studies, University of Leeds, UK
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23
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Hu DD, White CA, Panzer-Knodle S, Page JD, Nicholson N, Smith JW. A new model of dual interacting ligand binding sites on integrin alphaIIbbeta3. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:4633-9. [PMID: 9988699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.8.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 mediates platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion. This integrin is the key to hemostasis and also to pathologic vascular occlusion. A key domain on alphaIIbbeta3 is the ligand binding site, which can bind to plasma fibrinogen and to a number of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-type ligands. However, the nature and function of the ligand binding pocket on alphaIIbbeta3 remains controversial. Some studies suggest the presence of two ligand binding pockets, whereas other reports indicate a single binding pocket. Here we use surface plasmon resonance to show that alphaIIbbeta3 contains two distinct ligand binding pockets. One site binds to fibrinogen, and a separate site binds to RGD-type ligands. More importantly, however, the two ligand binding pockets are interactive. RGD-type ligands are capable of binding to alphaIIbbeta3 even when it is already occupied by fibrinogen. Once bound, RGD-type ligands induce the dissociation of fibrinogen from alphaIIbbeta3. This allosteric cross-talk has important implications for anti-platelet therapy because it suggests a novel approach for the dissolution of existing platelet thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Hu
- Program on Cell Adhesion, Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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24
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Nicholson N. How hardwired is human behavior? Harv Bus Rev 1998; 76:134-147. [PMID: 10181587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Time and time again managers have tried to eliminate hierarchies, politics, and interorganizational rivalry--but to no avail. Why? Evolutionary psychologists would say that they are working against nature--emotional and behavioral "hardwiring" that is the legacy of our Stone Age ancestors. In this evolutionary psychology primer for executives, Nigel Nicholson explores many of the Science's central tenets. Of course, evolutionary psychology is still an emerging discipline, and its strong connection with the theory of natural selection has sparked significant controversy. But, as Nicholson suggests, evolutionary psychology is now well established enough that its insights into human instinct will prove illuminating to anyone seeking to understand why people act the way they do in organizational settings. Take gossip. According to evolutionary psychology, our Stone Age ancestors needed this skill to survive the socially unpredictable conditions of the Savannah Plain. Thus, over time, the propensity to gossip became part of our mental programming. Executives trying to eradicate gossip at work might as well try to change their employees' musical tastes. Better to put one's energy into making sure the "rumor mill" avoids dishonesty or unkindness as much as possible. Evolutionary psychology also explores the dynamics of the human group. Clans on the Savannah Plain, for example, appear to have had no more than 150 members. The message for managers? People will likely be most effective in small organizational units. As every executive knows, it pays to be an insightful student of human nature. Evolutionary psychology adds another important chapter to consider.
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25
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Craft I, Tsirigotis M, Bennett V, Taranissi M, Khalifa Y, Hogewind G, Nicholson N. Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the management of infertility due to obstructive azoospermia. Fertil Steril 1995; 63:1038-42. [PMID: 7720914 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the recovery rate of spermatozoa from the epididymis using a percutaneous aspiration technique and to examine the fertilization rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Private infertility clinic, London. SUBJECTS Twenty patients with obstructive azoospermia who each had an attempt at IVF. The sperm used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection was retrieved by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration in 16 patients. In one patient, microepididymal sperm aspiration was performed in addition because the quality of the sperm obtained by percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration was not considered suitable for microinjection. In the remaining three patients, neither percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration nor microepididymal sperm aspiration resulted in the recovery of sperm, which was obtained by testicular biopsy in one of them. INTERVENTION Assisted fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Normal fertilization and pregnancy rates. RESULTS A total of 179 eggs were collected and 157 subsequently were microinjected. Normal fertilization occurred in 22 oocytes (14%) and the total number of embryos cleaved was 30. Twelve patients underwent ET in which three conceived (pregnancy rate 25% per transfer). The implantation rate was 10% and failed fertilization occurred in four cycles. CONCLUSION Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration can be used successfully to recover sperm in men with obstructive azoospermia for use in assisted fertilization IVF cycles. The technique is simple, effective, and less traumatic compared with an open microsurgical operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Craft
- London Gynaecology and Fertility Centre, United Kingdom
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Tsirigotis M, Nicholson N, Taranissi M, Bennett V, Pelekanos M, Craft I. Late intracytoplasmic sperm injection in unexpected failed fertilization in vitro: diagnostic or therapeutic? Fertil Steril 1995; 63:816-9. [PMID: 7890068 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate fertilization potential of 24-hour-old unfertilized oocytes using intracytoplasmic sperm injection and the pregnancy potential of resultant embryos. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Private infertility clinic, London, United Kingdom. PATIENTS Fifteen patients with a history of infertility who underwent treatment with IVF and showed failure of fertilization on the day after oocyte retrieval. INTERVENTION Assisted fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection was carried out at 24 hours after oocyte retrieval. RESULTS A total of 121 metaphase II oocytes were subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Of these, 9 were damaged (7%), 2 were polyploidic (2%), and 58 showed normal fertilization (48%). Of the latter, 47 cleaved normally (81%). Forty embryos were transferred and three were cryopreserved. One patient conceived (7%) but in this case only one of three embryos transferred was from intracytoplasmic sperm injection. CONCLUSION Late (24 hours) intracytoplasmic sperm injection can give good fertilization and cleavage rates but the potential of the generated embryos to achieve pregnancy seems to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsirigotis
- London Gynaecology and Fertility Centre, United Kingdom
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the significance of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in severe male factor infertility and previous failed fertilization. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Private infertility clinic, London. SUBJECTS Sixty-nine patients with a long-standing history of infertility of which 48 had previous failed fertilization, 15 had < 1 million progressive motile sperm per ejaculate, and the remaining 6 had obstructive azoospermia. INTERVENTION Assisted fertilization with primary intracytoplasmic sperm injection was carried out in 69 IVF. OUTCOME Normal (two pronuclei [2PN]) fertilization and pregnancy rates. RESULTS A total of 967, oocytes were collected and 785 were subsequently microinjected. Normal fertilization (2PN) occurred in 410 oocytes (52%) and 90.5% of those cleaved. Sixty-four patients underwent ET, with a total of 181 embryos transferred. Twenty-five patients conceived with a pregnancy rate of 39% per transfer. The implantation rate was 16% and the total pregnancy loss rate 24%. Failed fertilization after intracytoplasmic sperm injection occurred in four cases. CONCLUSIONS Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is increasingly becoming the treatment of choice in infertile couples where assisted fertilization is indicated. The high fertilization and pregnancy rates observed with this technique, together with a low risk of abnormalities, has revolutionized treatment of male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsirigotis
- London Gynaecology and Fertility Centre, United Kingdom
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Tsirigotis M, Bennett V, Nicholson N, Khalifa Y, Hogewind G, Yazdani N, Craft I. Experience with subzonal insemination (SUZI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on unfertilized aged human oocytes. J Assist Reprod Genet 1994; 11:389-94. [PMID: 7606150 DOI: 10.1007/bf02211724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the fertilizability of unfertilized aged human oocytes from failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles using SUZI and ICSI. METHODS A total of 363 oocytes which showed no fertilization after conventional IVF was subjected to assisted fertilization using SUZI or ICSI. The microinjected oocytes which were derived from 72 patients undergoing their first IVF treatment had an intact polar body and no signs of degeneration. SUZI was carried out in 265 oocytes and ICSI in the remaining 98. RESULTS Significantly more oocytes were damaged after ICSI (9 vs 0.3%, P < 0.01). Normal fertilization rates were higher at 24 hr in both groups and occurred more frequently after ICSI, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Abnormal fertilization occurred significantly more often after SUZI at 48 hr (P < 0.005), but not at 24 hr. Cleavage rates were significantly higher after ICSI (94.4 vs 57.1%, P < 0.025) at 24 hr, but this was not observed at 48 hr, although the ICSI group still showed better cleavage rates (33.3 vs 19.1%). There was no difference in embryo quality in either group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that micromanipulation rather than reinsemination should be carried out on unfertilized human oocytes from failed IVF attempts. Both techniques can be used to achieve fertilization which occurs more often after ICSI. However, the trauma from the former technique on the microinjected oocytes may impair the potential of the generated embryos to achieve pregnancy compared to SUZI. Prospective randomized trials are necessary to address the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsirigotis
- London Gynaecology and Fertility Centre, United Kingdom
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Brazil R, Nicholson N, Glouberman S, Rathwell T, Enachescu D. Wholly Romanian empire. Health Serv J 1993; 103:26-7. [PMID: 10126187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Zablocki JA, Miyano M, Rao SN, Panzer-Knodle S, Nicholson N, Feigen L. Potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation based upon the Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe sequence of fibrinogen. A proposal on the nature of the binding interaction between the Asp-carboxylate of RGDX mimetics and the platelet GP IIb-IIIa receptor. J Med Chem 1992; 35:4914-7. [PMID: 1479591 DOI: 10.1021/jm00104a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Zablocki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Searle Research & Development, Skokie, Illinois 60077
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Nicholson N. To the lighthouse. Health Serv J 1990; 100:20-1. [PMID: 10103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Nicholson
- Nuffield Institute for Health Service Studies, Leeds University
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Abstract
We examined the utility of various combinations of relaxation, cognitive coping, and feedback in an uncontrolled series of 16 older headache patients (aged 60 to 77) diagnosed as having tension, mixed, or migraine headache. At 1-month follow-up, statistically and clinically significant reductions were observed in both overall headache activity and medication intake; 10 patients (63%) were more than 50% improved in both headache reduction and medication reduction. Female headache suffers were more improved than males. These results are inconsistent with our past findings with geriatric headache sufferers but consistent with other, more recent favorable findings. The efficacy of nondrug treatment for geriatric headache clearly warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kabela
- State University of New York, Albany
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Poirier GR, Nicholson N. Distribution of a proteinase inhibitor of epididymal origin in the tissues and secretions of the male reproductive tract of mice. J Exp Zool 1984; 230:465-71. [PMID: 6379097 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402300315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies to a low molecular weight, acid-stable acrosin-trypsin inhibitor isolated from epididymal homogenates were used to localize the inhibitor in tissues and secretions of the male reproductive tract of mice. The inhibitor, identified by indirect immunofluorescence, is present in the testes and in the apical portion of the epithelial cells from the caput region of the epididymis of both intact and efferentiectomized animals. Sperm isolated from the testes and caput epididymal region show inhibitor-positive fluorescence on the anterior acrosomal region. The inhibitor could not be localized on ductus or electroejaculated sperm or ductus sperm previously incubated in a purified inhibitor solution. Furthermore, the inhibitor was not visible in the copulatory plug of recently inseminated animals or on sperm recovered from the uterus or from an artificial capacitating medium. The inhibitor could be detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the supernatants of detergent treated or frozen-thawed caput sperm but not of ductus sperm. The data suggest that the inhibitor, made in both the testes and caput epididymis where it associates with the sperm, is lost from the sperm or irreversibly masked during the epididymal sojourn.
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Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescent technique was used to localize a proteinase inhibitor isolated from murine seminal vesicles. The inhibitor was found in the lumen and in the apical epithelium of the seminal vesicle but not in the testes, epididymides, ductus deferens or Cowper's glands. It was also associated with the anterior acrosomal region of ejaculated sperm and sperm recovered from the female tract within 5 min of coitus. The inhibitor is removed from uterine sperm between 2 to 4 h postcoitus, however sperm recovered from the uterus 2 h postcoitus will rebind inhibitor. The inhibitor is not normally associated with epididymal or ductus sperm although these sperm will bind purified inhibitor in vitro.
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Nicholson N. Home comforts. Health Soc Serv J 1983; 93:356-7. [PMID: 10260058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Nicholson N, Irwin M, Poirier GR. Immunofluorescent localization of a seminal vesicle proteinase inhibitor in the female reproductive tract of naturally inseminated mice. J Exp Zool 1983; 225:481-7. [PMID: 6341502 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402250316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescent technique was used to localize a low molecular weight, acid-stable proteinase inhibitor of seminal vesicle origin in the female reproductive tract of mice. In recently inseminated animals (0, 2, and 4 hr postcoitus) the inhibitor was localized in the copulatory plug, on the epithelia of the vaginal fornix and cervix, in the uterine lumen, and on the apical surface of the uterine epithelium. Ten hours postcoitus the inhibitor was found in localized areas on the uterine epithelium, in a sperm-leucocyte mass in the uterine lumen, and in the copulatory plug. The inhibitor was not found in females 24 hr postcoitus. The inhibitor could not be localized in the oviducts of any of the animals tested. The data are interpreted to mean that the inhibitor, transported to the female at ejaculation, coats the surface of the female reproductive tract protecting it from acrosomal enzymes or from invasion by spermatozoa or pathogens.
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Poirier GR, Nicholson N. Fine structure of the testicular spermatozoa from the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. J Ultrastruct Res 1982; 80:104-10. [PMID: 6212697 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(82)80036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Dommisse J, Du Toit ED, Nicholson N. Folic acid -- has it a role in the treatment of severe iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy? S Afr Med J 1982; 61:831-2. [PMID: 7079905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-one pregnant patients with severe iron deficiency anaemia were treated with either intravenous iron-dextran (Imferon; Fisons) or intravenous iron plus folic acid. There was no difference in the rate of response or the eventual total response in the two groups, suggesting that iron therapy does not unmask or produce a relative folic acid deficiency.
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Nicholson N, Flanders L, Desai BN, Chinn L. Effect of 23-methyl-21-norcholest-5-ene-3 beta, 23,25-triol on hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the rat. J Steroid Biochem 1979; 10:709-10. [PMID: 470391 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(79)90526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Angelin B, Einarsson K, Leijd B, Arreaza-Plaza CA, Otayek M, Bosch V, Avogaro P, Bittolo-Bon G, Pais M, Taroni GC, Cazzolato G, Quinci GB, Bateson MC, Bouchier IAD, Bell FP, Quackenbush FW, Bentzen C, Tourne C, Wulfert E, Bizzi A, Garattini S, Tacconi AM, Veneroni E, Bjorkerud S, Bondjers G, Brattsand R, Bylock A, Hansson GK, Brindley DN, Burstein M, Legmann P, Aparicio AM, Boyle E, Canosa FL, Cayen MN, Dvornik D, Robinson WT, Cooper EE, Michel AM, Cowan DH, Robertson AL, Giroski P, Shook P, de Gennes JL, Piette JC, Piette AM, Truffert J, DePalma RG, Bellon EM, Koletsky S, Klein L, Schneider DL, Ditschuneit HH, Klor HU, Ditschuneit H, Drouin P, Mejean L, Wülfert E, Eisele B, Griss G, Zimmer A, Endo A, Kitano N, Fujii S, Enomoto H, Yoshikuni Y, Ozaki T, Zschocke R, Ohata K, Feldman EB, Gluck FB, Carter AC, Flanders L, Nicholson N, Fleischman AI, Bierenbaum ML, Stier A, Fragiacomo C, Lovati MR, Fox U, Maione G, Sirtori CR, Freeman MW, Spring-Mills E, Jones AL, Gaion RM, Krishna G, Galli G, Galli-Kienle M, Sanghvi A, Gero S, Szondy E, Horvath M, Fust G, Szekely J, Haacke H, Parwaresch MR, Mader C, Haller H, Bruns W, Michaelis D, Schulze J, Hanefeld M, Leonhardt W, Kemmer C, Roschlau G, Jaross W, Hayes TM, Jones AW, Munn J, Mottram R, Hollander W, Prusty S, Nagraj S, Kirkpatrick B, Paddock J, Colombo M, Howard AN, Ghosh P, Jackson RL, Kinnunen PKJ, Smith LE, Gotto AM, Sparrow JT, Jacotot B, Girardet M, Beaumont JL, Jaeger H, Wechsler JG, Kabara JJ, Vrable R, Kanazawa T, Terata T, Komatsu T, Izawa M, Mori H, Oike Y, Metoki H, Onodera K, Ito H, Izumiyama S, Matsui T, Kather H, Simon B, Kipshidze NN, Klimov AN, Sonina SI, Titova GV, Nagornev VA, Kobayakawa T, Osuga K, Yasuda H, Kuzuya F, Yoshimine N, Lageron A, Lang PD, Bablok W, Endele R, Koch K, Stork H, Schmidt HAE, Lazarow PB, Lengsfeld H, Brand P, Baumgartner HR, Reber K, Vecchi M, Lithell H, Boberg J, Hellsing K, Lundqvist G, Vessby B, Maebashi M, Kawamura N, Sato M, Imamura A, Malinow MR, McLaughlin P, Stafford C, Kohler GO, Livingston AL, Marmo E, Vacca C, Giordano L, Schettino A, Petrarca R, Del Vecchio F, Marshall M, Hess H, de Quiros JFB, Mishkel MA, Crowther SM, Moltoni D, Marinovich M, Catapano A, Ghiselli GC, Mordasini R, Schlierf G, Heuck CC, Oster P, Schellenberg B, Twelsick H, Muller K, Nakamura H, Nagano M, Olsson AG, Ballantyne D, Carlson LA, Rossner S, Walldius G, Raetzer H, Ostlund-Lindqvist AM, Pollak OJ, Prosdocimi M, Caparrotta L, Dorigo P, Fassina G, Puglisi L, Maggi F, Paoletti R, Ferruti P, Tanzi MC, Ramasarma R, George R, Oro L, Rouffy J, Chanu B, Rousselet F, Fredj G, Clenet M, Sarma JSM, Bing RJ, Sauvanet JP, Debry G, Schade RWB, Demacker P, van’t Laar A, Schaefer EJ, Levy RI, Jenkins LL, Brewer HB, Schettler G, Horsch AK, Schonborn J, Heim K, Schwartzkopff W, Hoffmann H, Njissen J, Etzel V, Zschiedrich M, Simons LA, Isbister JP, Biggs JC, Stahelin HB, Keller C, Mully K, Reichlin B, Berger W, Story JA, Tepper SA, Kritchevsky D, Subbiah MTR, Sugano M, Ikeda I, Morioka H, Thale M, Faergeman O, Tsushima M, Hata Y, Tsuchida T, Irie N, Goto Y, Tulloch BR, Iype PT, Werner I, Vogelberg KH, Cicmir I, Koschinsky T, Greiser E, Hutt V, Kloer HU, Schoenborn J, Weizel A, Horsch A, Wu CC, Zimmerman R, Hoffrichter A, Walter E, Ehlers W, Andrassy K, Weber E. Effects of Chenodeoxycholic Acid (CD) Treatment on Endogenous Plasma Triglyceride (TG) Transport in Hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0967-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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