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França TFA, Bitencourt AM, Maximilla NR, Barros DM, Monserrat JM. Hippocampal neurogenesis and pattern separation: A meta-analysis of behavioral data. Hippocampus 2017; 27:937-950. [PMID: 28597491 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The generation of new neurons in the hippocampus of adult mammals has become a widely accepted phenomenon, but the functional significance of the adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is not fully understood. One of the main hypotheses currently investigated suggests that neurogenesis contributes to pattern separation in the dentate gyrus. Many behavioral studies were conducted aiming to test this hypothesis using rodents as animal model. In those studies, researches ablated neurogenesis in the animals and subsequently evaluate them in tests of behavioral pattern separation, that is, behaviors that are thought to rely on the computational process of pattern separation. The results of these studies are varied, with most supporting a role for neurogenesis in pattern separation, but some others not. To address this controversy we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effect of neurogenesis ablation on behavioral pattern separation. Analysis results indicated that most of the literature in the topic is surprisingly consistent and, although there are two studies with divergent results, the bulk of the literature supports an effect of hippocampal neurogenesis on behavioral pattern separation. We discuss those findings in light of other behavioral effects of hippocampal neurogenesis ablation, limitations of behavioral data and other lines of evidence about the effect of hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F A França
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Bitencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiana R Maximilla
- Curso de graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - José M Monserrat
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Ferreira JLR, Lonné MN, França TA, Maximilla NR, Lugokenski TH, Costa PG, Fillmann G, Antunes Soares FA, de la Torre FR, Monserrat JM. Co-exposure of the organic nanomaterial fullerene C₆₀ with benzo[a]pyrene in Danio rerio (zebrafish) hepatocytes: evidence of toxicological interactions. Aquat Toxicol 2014; 147:76-83. [PMID: 24374850 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Compounds from the nanotechnology industry, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, are strong candidates to contaminate aquatic environments because their production and disposal have exponentially grown in a few years. Previous evidence shows that fullerene C60, a carbon nanomaterial, can facilitate the intake of metals or PAHs both in vivo and in vitro, potentially amplifying the deleterious effects of these toxicants in organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of fullerene C60 in a Danio rerio (zebrafish) hepatocyte cell lineage exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in terms of cell viability, oxidative stress parameters and BaP intracellular accumulation. Additionally, a computational docking was performed to investigate the interaction of the fullerene C60 molecule with the detoxificatory and antioxidant enzyme πGST. Fullerene C60 provoked a significant (p<0.05) loss in cellular viability when co-exposed with BaP at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 μg/L, and induced an increase (p<0.05) in BaP accumulation in the cells after 3 and 4h of exposure. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells exposed to BaP were diminished (p<0.05) by the fullerene addition, and the increase of the GST activity observed in the BaP-only treated cells was reduced to the basal levels by co-exposure to fullerene. However, despite the potential of the fullerene molecule to inhibit π GST activity, demonstrated by the computational docking, the nanomaterial did not significantly (p>0.05) alter the enzyme activity when added to GST purified extracts from the zebrafish hepatocyte cells. These results show that fullerene C60 can increase the intake of BaP into the cells, decreasing cell viability and impairing the detoxificatory response by phase II enzymes, such as GST, and this latter effect should be occurring at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josencler L Ribas Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália km 8 s/n (96200-970), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), FURG, Brazil; Rede de Nanotoxicologia (MCTI/CNPq), Nanotoxicologia ocupacional e ambiental: subsídios científicos para estabelecer marcos regulatórios e avaliação de riscos, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - María Noelia Lonné
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thiago A França
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália km 8 s/n (96200-970), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiana R Maximilla
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália km 8 s/n (96200-970), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Lugokenski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia G Costa
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), FURG, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), FURG, Brazil
| | - Félix A Antunes Soares
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando R de la Torre
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José María Monserrat
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Campus Carreiros, Av. Itália km 8 s/n (96200-970), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), FURG, Brazil; Rede de Nanotoxicologia (MCTI/CNPq), Nanotoxicologia ocupacional e ambiental: subsídios científicos para estabelecer marcos regulatórios e avaliação de riscos, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Nanomateriais de Carbono (CNPq), Brazil
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