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Raffat MA, Hadi NI, Alghamdi O, Al-Aali KA, Al Deeb M, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F. Expression of Salivary S100A7 Levels in Stage I Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical and Laboratory Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1115-1119. [PMID: 32334479 PMCID: PMC7445966 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by juxta-epithelial fibrosis. The main etiological agent associated with the high-risk precancerous condition is areca nut use. S100A7 is a member of the largest calcium-binding proteins exclusively found in vertebrates and are associated with the regulation of numerous intracellular and extracellular functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of protein S100A7 in salivary samples of individuals with stage I OSF and healthy controls. Methods: This study included 63 participants, 30 of whom had OSF stage I and 33 healthy controls. Nonprobability quota sampling technique was utilized for recruitment of the study participants. A structured baseline questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. Saliva samples were collected by passive droll technique in a sterile container. Salivary levels of S100A7 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the normality of the data Shapiro Wilk test was performed. Student t-test was commuted to evaluate the expression of S100A7 protein expression between both the study groups. Results: The mean salivary S100A7 value for stage I OSF group was 0.334 ng/ml, compared to 0.172 ng/ml for healthy controls. Student t-test reported a statistically significant difference, indicating higher levels of S100A7 in stage I OSF group than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). In the individual group analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between salivary S100A7 and duration of areca nut use (r = –0.45, p = 0.009) and gutka chewing (r = –0.20, p = 0.03), while a significant positive correlation was found between salivary S100A7 and mouth opening (r = 0.03, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Higher levels of S100A7 protein level was seen in stage I OSF group in comparison to the healthy individuals. Results of our study suggest that S100A7 could be used as a surrogate assessment to identify patients at risk of OSF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arsalan Raffat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Irum Hadi
- Department of Pathology, Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Osama Alghamdi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of dentistry King Saud University. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Abdulrahman Al-Aali
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Al Deeb
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in broad spectrum histological subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to determine the relationship of EBV with clinicopathological parameters of OSCC. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 clinically diagnosed OSCC cases from the outpatient of Ziauddin University Hospital from March, 2017 to October, 2018. These were confirmed on histological examination and categorized into conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and rare variants. Conventional SCC was subcategorized into keratinizing (KSCC), non-keratinizing (NKSCC), and hybrid SCC (HSCC). EBV status was compared among various histological tumor entities and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC using immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test was used to determine the association of each histological subtype with EBV status with P-value <0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: Conventional tumor was the most frequent squamous cell carcinoma (n=126; 84%). A significant statistical link of EBV infection was observed with rare histological tumors exhibiting acantholysis (P=0.01), as well as tumors involving buccal mucosa (P=0.03), and habitual smokers (P=0.001). Conclusions: In this study, acantholytic tumor, a rare histological subtype of OSCC, tended to be EBV related. Moreover, OSCC cases bearing EBV infection were more likely smokers favoring buccal mucosa as primary anatomical site for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasif Saleem
- Muhammad Wasif Saleem (BDS, MPhil Trainee), Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, 4/B, Sharah-e-Ghalib, Clifton Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faraz Ahmed Baig
- Faraz Ahmed Baig (MBBS, MPhil, PhD Fellow), Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, 4/B, Sharah-e-Ghalib, Clifton Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Irum Hadi
- Prof. Dr. Naila Irum Hadi (MBBS, MPhil, PhD), Department of Pathology, Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Satra Meel, Main Murree Road, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abbasi ZA, Hadi NI, Zubairi AM, Hosein M. Salivary Interleukin 1-beta levels and clinical periodontal parameters in habitual naswar users and non-users. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:674-679. [PMID: 31258574 PMCID: PMC6572978 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Aim of our study was to assess the expression of salivary Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and clinical periodontal parameters in naswar users and non-users (controls). Methods: Eighty four individuals (forty-two naswar users and forty-two controls) were included in the study which was conducted between August 2017 and May 2018. Salivary IL-1β levels, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was assessed in all the participants. Results: PD of 4mm (p<0.05), PD of 5-6mm (p<0.05), CAL (p<0.001) and levels of salivary IL-1β (p<0.05) were significantly higher among naswar users as compared to controls while PI, BOP and number of missing teeth showed no significant difference among the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Periodontal inflammatory conditions were worse and salivary IL-1β levels were elevated in naswar users as compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaeem Arif Abbasi
- Dr. Zaeem Arif Abbasi, BDS., Ziauddin University, 4/B, Sharah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Irum Hadi
- Prof. Dr. Naila Irum Hadi, Ph.D., M.Phil, MBBS. Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Murree Road, Satra Mile, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa Zubairi
- Dr. Adnan Mustafa Zubairi, FCPS (Chem Path), DCP, MBBS., Ziauddin University, 4/B, Sharah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mervyn Hosein
- Prof. Dr. Mervyn Hosein, FFDRCSI, FDSRCSE, FDSRCS, BDS., Ziauddin University, 4/B, Sharah-e-Ghalib, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
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Raffat MA, Hadi NI, Hosein M, Zubairi AM, Ikram S, Akram Z. Differential expression of salivary S100A7 in oral submucous fibrosis. Saudi Dent J 2018; 31:39-44. [PMID: 30705567 PMCID: PMC6349954 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the expression of salivary S100A7 levels among patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and healthy controls. Method A total number of 60 participants were included in the study (30 OSF cases and 30 healthy controls). Demographic data was collected using a structured baseline questionnaire. Salivary S100A7 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analyzed using Student t-test. Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate correlation between S100A7 levels and independent variables such as frequency and duration of areca nut use, gutka use, and mouth opening. Results The mean value of salivary S100A7 for OSF group was 0.275 ng/ml, whereas mean value of salivary S100A7 for healthy controls was 0.195 ng/ml. Student t-test indicated that there was statistically significantly higher levels of S100A7 in OSF group as compared to healthy controls (p < .001). When the clinical variables of individual groups were analysed, a significant negative correlation was found between salivary S100A7 and duration of areca nut (p = .009) and gutka chewing (p = .03), whereas a significant positive correlation was found for mouth opening (p = .04). Conclusion OSF presented higher levels of salivary S100A7 levels as compared with healthy individuals and may be used as surrogate measure to identify subjects at risk for OSF.
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Key Words
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma
- OSF, oral submucous fibrosis
- Oral submucous fibrosis
- Psoriasin, S100A7
- RAGEs, receptors of advanced glycated end products
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S100A7 protein
- SPSS, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
- Saliva
- TMB, tetramethylbenzidine
- UWS, unstimulated whole saliva
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arsalan Raffat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Irum Hadi
- Department of Pathology, Islamabad Medical & Dental College, 45400 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mervyn Hosein
- Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa Zubairi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Ziauddin University Hospital, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ikram
- Department of Oral Biology, Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Akram
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
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Raffat MA, Hadi NI, Hosein M, Mirza S, Ikram S, Akram Z. S100 proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hadi NI, Jamal Q, Iqbal A, Shaikh F, Somroo S, Musharraf SG. Serum Metabolomic Profiles for Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Grading and Staging by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1715. [PMID: 28496143 PMCID: PMC5431835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of metabolic signature for breast cancer (BC) has the potential to improve patient prognosis. This study identified potentially significant metabolites differentiating between breast cancer patients and healthy controls to help in diagnosis, grading, staging and determination of neoadjuvant status. Serum was collected from 152 pre-operative breast cancer (BC) patients and 155 healthy controls in this case-controlled study. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to obtain metabolic profiles followed by chemometric analysis with the identification of significantly differentiated metabolites including 7 for diagnosis, 18 for grading, 23 for staging, 15 for stage III subcategory and 10 for neoadjuvant status (p-value < 0.05). Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model revealed a distinct separation between healthy controls and BC patients with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% on external validation. Models for grading, staging and neoadjuvant status were built with Decision Tree Algorithm with predictive accuracy of 71.5%, 71.3% and 79.8% respectively. Pathway analysis revealed increased glycolysis, lipogenesis, and production of volatile organic metabolites indicating the metabolic alterations in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Irum Hadi
- Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Iqbal
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Shaikh
- Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Somroo
- Breast Clinic, Surgical Ward 2, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi, 75510, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. .,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International, Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To record various clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer (BC) in our population and to find an association between these characteristics and axillary nodal metastasis. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 150 BC patients from two tertiary care centers in Karachi from 15(th) February, 2013 to 31(st) March, 2015. Frequencies, percentages, and odds ratio were estimated to find out an association between various clinicopathological characteristics and lymph node status using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Approximately 75.4% patients had axillary lymph node metastasis ('1-3' LN = 34.4% and '>3' LN = 44%). Menopausal status (p <0.013), tumor grades ('II' p <0.03; 'III' p <0.01), and stages ('III' p <0.002; 'IV' p <0.0001), tumor sizes ('T2' p <0.014; 'T3' p <0.002), perineural invasion (PNI) (p <0.007), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p <0.0001), and skin and nipple invasion (p <0.024) were significant predictors for '>3' LN metastasis. Association of these variables with '1-3' LN involvement was insignificant. CONCLUSION Clinical spectrum of BC remains unchanged in 2016 with most of the patients presenting with high-grade, late-stage advanced disease. Moreover, clinicopathological variables, especially primary tumor size, tumor stage and lymphovascular invasion were significant predictors of >3 lymph node metastasis with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Irum Hadi
- Dr. Naila Irum Hadi, MPhil, PhD Fellow. Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Jamal
- Dr. Qamar Jamal, MPhil, PhD. Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Shaikh F, Jamal Q, Baig S, Hadi NI, Majeed N. Correlation of Hormone Receptor and HER2/neu Expression with Clinicopathologic Parameters in Primary Breast Tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:3363-3367. [PMID: 27509976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a major health issue worldwide as well as in Pakistan. All women belonging to any race, ethnicity or lineage are in danger of developing breast cancer. Significant factors influencing the development of breast malignancies are the genetic background, environmental conditions, reproductive parameters, the consequences of female hormones both intrinsic and extrinsic, alteration of immune status, and biologic determinants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall 150 biopsy proven patients were included in the study. Samples were submitted for histopathology and determination of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and HER2/neu status. Associations with other characteristics like age, tumor stage, node involvement, histological grade were also studied. RESULTS Mean age at presentation was 46.7 years. The majority had invasive ductal carcinoma, 100 (84.7%), and were in stage pT3, 54 (45.7%). Important relationships (P<0.05) were found among ER, PR positivity, and Her 2 neu overexpression. However, no noteworthy link was identified amongst ER, PR, Her 2 neu and tumor grade, stage, age, lymph node involvement except for the menopausal status. CONCLUSIONS In summary, breast cancer patients featured an advanced stage of disease, more lymph node involvement, and moderately high grade tumors and with more estrogen, progesterone receptor and HER2 positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Shaikh
- Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan Email :
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a global health issue, and as the tumor burden increases, we need to come up with newer, better technologies which are convenient, cheap, rapid, sensitive with a high specificity. Technological advancements in the field of cancer biomarker has led to the development of techniques such as mass spectrometric analysis and microarray analysis in which genes, proteins and hundreds and thousands of metabolites can be identified with the emergence of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. This research is focused on finding biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, staging, treatment response and targets for chemotherapy, generating a panel of markers which provide better clinical information compared to a single marker in the panel. This review briefly summarizes application of genomics and proteomics followed by key concepts and applications of metabolomics in breast cancer, with the conclusion that an integration of the three “OMIC” technologies may hold the key to future biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Irum Hadi
- Dr. Naila Irum Hadi, MBBS, MPhil, PhD fellow. Professor of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Jamal
- Dr. Qamar Jamal, MBBS, MPhil, PhD. Professor of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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