1
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O’Connor MA, Hawman DW, Meade-White K, Leventhal S, Song W, Randall S, Archer J, Lewis TB, Brown B, Fredericks MN, Sprouse KR, Tunggal HC, Maughan M, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Garrison W, Wangari S, Guerriero KA, Hanley P, Lovaglio J, Saturday G, Veesler D, Edlefsen PT, Khandhar AP, Feldmann H, Fuller DH, Erasmus JH. A replicon RNA vaccine can induce durable protective immunity from SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates after neutralizing antibodies have waned. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011298. [PMID: 37075079 PMCID: PMC10150980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines. Although several vaccines have received emergency approval through various public health agencies, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues. Emergent variants of concern, waning immunity in the vaccinated, evidence that vaccines may not prevent transmission and inequity in vaccine distribution have driven continued development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to address these public health needs. In this report, we evaluated a novel self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a pigtail macaque model of COVID-19 disease. We found that this vaccine elicited strong binding and neutralizing antibody responses against homologous virus. We also observed broad binding antibody against heterologous contemporary and ancestral strains, but neutralizing antibody responses were primarily targeted to the vaccine-homologous strain. While binding antibody responses were sustained, neutralizing antibody waned to undetectable levels in some animals after six months but were rapidly recalled and conferred protection from disease when the animals were challenged 7 months after vaccination as evident by reduced viral replication and pathology in the lower respiratory tract, reduced viral shedding in the nasal cavity and lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate in pigtail macaques that a self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine can elicit durable and protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, these data provide evidence that this vaccine can provide durable protective efficacy and reduce viral shedding even after neutralizing antibody responses have waned to undetectable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. O’Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David W. Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Shanna Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Wenjun Song
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Samantha Randall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HDT Bio, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jacob Archer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HDT Bio, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brieann Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Megan N. Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin R. Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, United States of America
| | - Hillary C. Tunggal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mara Maughan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chul Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William Garrison
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patrick Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- HDT Bio, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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2
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Tisoncik-Go J, Voss KM, Lewis TB, Muruato AE, Kuller L, Finn EE, Betancourt D, Wangari S, Ahrens J, Iwayama N, Grant RF, Murnane RD, Edlefsen PT, Fuller DH, Barber GN, Gale M, O’Connor MA. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of an rVSV vaccine against Zika virus infection in macaca nemestrina. Front Virol 2023; 3:1108420. [PMID: 37383986 PMCID: PMC10306241 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes an acute febrile illness. ZIKV can be transmitted between sexual partners and from mother to fetus. Infection is strongly associated with neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and myelitis, and congenital ZIKV infection can result in fetal injury and congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Development of an effective vaccine is imperative to protect against ZIKV vertical transmission and CZS. Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis virus (rVSV) is a highly effective and safe vector for the delivery of foreign immunogens for vaccine purposes. Here, we evaluate an rVSV vaccine expressing the full length pre-membrane (prM) and ZIKV envelope (E) proteins (VSV-ZprME), shown to be immunogenic in murine models of ZIKV infection, for its capacity to induce immune responses in nonhuman primates. Moreover, we assess the efficacy of the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine in the protection of pigtail macaques against ZIKV infection. Administration of the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine was safe, but it did not induce robust anti-ZIKV T-cell responses, IgM or IgG antibodies, or neutralizing antibodies in most animals. Post ZIKV challenge, animals that received the rVSVΔM control vaccine lacking ZIKV antigen had higher levels of plasma viremia compared to animals that received the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine. Anti-ZIKV neutralizing Ab titers were detected in a single animal that received the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine that was associated with reduced plasma viremia. The overall suboptimal ZIKV-specific cellular and humoral responses post-immunization indicates the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine did not elicit an immune response in this pilot study. However, recall antibody response to the rVSVΔM-ZprME vaccine indicates it may be immunogenic and further developments to the vaccine construct could enhance its potential as a vaccine candidate in a nonhuman primate pre-clinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for innate immunity and immune disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen M. Voss
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for innate immunity and immune disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Antonio E. Muruato
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric E. Finn
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Dillon Betancourt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Joel Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Robert D. Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Glen N. Barber
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Center for innate immunity and immune disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Megan A. O’Connor
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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3
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Oâ Connor MA, Hawman DW, Meade-White K, Leventhal S, Song W, Randall S, Archer J, Lewis TB, Brown B, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Garrison W, Wangari S, Guerriero KA, Hanley P, Lovaglio J, Saturday G, Edlefsen PT, Khandhar A, Feldmann H, Fuller DH, Erasmus JH. A replicon RNA vaccine induces durable protective immunity from SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates after neutralizing antibodies have waned. bioRxiv 2022:2022.08.08.503239. [PMID: 35982677 PMCID: PMC9387133 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.08.503239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines. Although several vaccines have received emergency approval through various public health agencies, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues. Emergent variants of concern, waning immunity in the vaccinated, evidence that vaccines may not prevent transmission and inequity in vaccine distribution have driven continued development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to address these public health needs. In this report, we evaluated a novel self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a pigtail macaque model of COVID-19 disease. We found that this vaccine elicited strong binding and neutralizing antibody responses. While binding antibody responses were sustained, neutralizing antibody waned to undetectable levels after six months but were rapidly recalled and conferred protection from disease when the animals were challenged 7 months after vaccination as evident by reduced viral replication and pathology in the lower respiratory tract, reduced viral shedding in the nasal cavity and lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate in pigtail macaques that a self-amplifying replicon RNA vaccine can elicit durable and protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, these data provide evidence that this vaccine can provide durable protective efficacy and reduce viral shedding even after neutralizing antibody responses have waned to undetectable levels.
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4
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O’Connor MA, Erasmus JH, Randall S, Archer J, Lewis TB, Brown B, Fredericks M, Groenier S, Iwayama N, Ahrens C, Garrison W, Wangari S, Guerriero KA, Fuller DH. A Single Dose SARS-CoV-2 Replicon RNA Vaccine Induces Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected and Uninfected Pigtail Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:800723. [PMID: 34992610 PMCID: PMC8724308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 vaccine rollout is critical for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, massive disparities exist in getting vaccines to vulnerable populations, including people living with HIV. Preliminary studies indicate that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are safe and immunogenic in people living with HIV that are virally suppressed with potent antiretroviral therapy but may be less efficacious in immunocompromised individuals. This raises the concern that COVID-19 vaccines may be less effective in resource poor settings with limited access to antiretroviral therapy. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a single dose COVID-19 replicon RNA vaccine expressing Spike protein (A.1) from SARS-CoV-2 (repRNA-CoV2S) in immunocompromised, SIV infected and immune competent, naïve pigtail macaques. Moderate vaccine-specific cellular Th1 T-cell responses and binding and neutralizing antibodies were induced by repRNA-CoV2S in SIV infected animals and naïve animals. Furthermore, vaccine immunogenicity was elicited even among the animals with the highest SIV viral burden or lowest peripheral CD4 counts prior to immunization. This study provides evidence that a SARS-CoV-2 repRNA vaccine could be employed to induce strong immunity against COVID-19 in HIV infected and other immunocompromised individuals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunocompromised Host
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Macaca nemestrina
- Male
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/administration & dosage
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/virology
- Time Factors
- Vaccination
- Vaccine Efficacy
- mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage
- mRNA Vaccines/genetics
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. O’Connor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jesse H. Erasmus
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Samantha Randall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jacob Archer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- HDT Bio, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas B. Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brieann Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Megan Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Skyler Groenier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chul Ahrens
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William Garrison
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Guerriero
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Deborah H. Fuller,
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Smedley J, Macalister R, Wangari S, Gathuka M, Ahrens J, Iwayama N, May D, Bratt D, O'Connor M, Munson P, Koday M, Fuller DH. Correction: Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Para-Colonic, Left Colic, and Inferior Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190764. [PMID: 29293690 PMCID: PMC5749853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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6
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Zevin AS, Moats C, May D, Wangari S, Miller C, Ahrens J, Iwayama N, Brown M, Bratt D, Klatt NR, Smedley J. Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28518089 PMCID: PMC5565146 DOI: 10.3791/55617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and the liver are exposed to microbes and microbial products from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, making them immunologically unique. The GI tract and associated MLN are sites of early viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the MLN are likely important reservoir sites that harbor latently-infected cells even after prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART). The liver has been shown to play a significant role in immune responses to lentiviruses and appears to play a significant role in clearance of virus from circulation. Nonhuman primate (NHP) models for HIV and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) closely mimic these aspects of HIV infection and serial longitudinal sampling of primary sites of viral replication and the associated immune responses in this model will help to elucidate critical events in infection, pathogenesis, and the impact of various intervention strategies on these events. Current published techniques to sample liver and MLN together involve major surgery and/or necropsy, which limits the ability to investigate these important sites in a serial fashion in the same animal. We have previously described a laparoscopic technique for collection of MLN. Here, we describe a minimally invasive laparoscopic technique for serial longitudinal sampling of liver and MLN through the same two port locations required for the collection of MLN. The use of the same two ports minimizes the impact to the animals as no additional incisions are required. This technique can be used with increased sampling frequency compared to major abdominal surgery and reduces the potential for surgical complications and associated local and systemic inflammatory responses that could complicate interpretation of results. This procedure has potential to facilitate studies involving NHP models while improving animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Zevin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Cassie Moats
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Drew May
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Charlene Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Joel Ahrens
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Megan Brown
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Debbie Bratt
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Nichole R Klatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington;
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7
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Smedley J, Macalister R, Wangari S, Gathuka M, Ahrens J, Iwayama N, May D, Bratt D, O’Connor M, Munson P, Koday M, Lifson J, Fuller DH. Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Para-Colonic, Left Colic, and Inferior Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157535. [PMID: 27309717 PMCID: PMC4911112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) draining the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are exposed to microbes and microbial products from the intestines and as such, are immunologically distinct. GI draining (MLN) have also been shown to be sites of early viral replication and likely impact early events that determine the course of HIV infection. They also are important reservoir sites that harbor latently-infected cells and from which the virus can emerge even after prolonged combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Changes in the microbial flora and increased permeability of the GI epithelium associated with lentiviral infection can impact the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and induce changes to secondary lymphoid organs limiting immune reconstitution with cART. Nonhuman primate models for AIDS closely model HIV infection in humans and serial sampling of the GALT and associated secondary lymphoid organs in this model is crucial to gain a better understanding of the critical early events in infection, pathogenesis, and the role of immune responses or drugs in controlling virus at these sites. However, current techniques to sample GI draining (MLN) involve major surgery and/or necropsy, which have, to date, limited the ability to investigate mechanisms mediating the initiation, persistence and control of infection in this compartment. Here, we describe a minimally invasive laparoscopic technique for serial sampling of these sites that can be used with increased sampling frequency, yields greater cell numbers and immune cell subsets than current non-invasive techniques of the GALT and reduces the potential for surgical complications that could complicate interpretation of the results. This procedure has potential to facilitate studies of pathogenesis and evaluation of preventive and treatment interventions, reducing sampling variables that can influence experimental results, and improving animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Smedley
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rhonda Macalister
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Solomon Wangari
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mercy Gathuka
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joel Ahrens
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Naoto Iwayama
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Drew May
- Division of Primate Resources, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Debbie Bratt
- Division of AIDS Research, Washington National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Megan O’Connor
- Division of AIDS Research, Washington National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul Munson
- Division of AIDS Research, Washington National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Koday
- Division of AIDS Research, Washington National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Viruses Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
- Division of AIDS Research, Washington National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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8
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Iwayama N, Shinzato T, Nakai S, Ando S, Nagake Y, Makino H, Maeda K. Quantitative estimation of dietary energy deficiency and effects of its supplementation on protein nutritional status of nondiabetic uremic patients undergoing protein restricted dietary regimens. Nagoya J Med Sci 2001; 64:33-42. [PMID: 11486599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with a reduced protein intake, if the patients' energy intake could be estimated on the basis of biochemical data together with protein intake, it would be easier to provide them with adequate dietary treatment. Thus, from the relationship among the normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) and the intrinsic creatinine generation rate (%GCr) both calculated on the basis of 24-hr urine creatinine, as well as the daily dietary energy intake evaluated by a skilled nutritionist, we devised the following equation to estimate the amount of dietary energy deficiency (delta E) whose supplementation increases the %GCr of patients on protein-restricted dietary regimens to the target level (i.e., the dietary energy deficient amount). This was done by taking the %GCr of average nondiabetic hemodialysis patients of the same age and sex as a temporal target level: delta E = [31.22 - 1.97 (%GCr)0.6]/(nPCR)0.15. In order to examine the clinical usefulness of this equation, the daily dietary energy deficient amount calculated by the equation was supplemented with protein-free jelly. As a result, the %GCr increased from approximately three-fourths of the target level to the target level within 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iwayama
- Nagoya University, Daiko Medical Center, 1-1-20, Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-0047, Japan
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9
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Shinzato T, Nakai S, Miwa M, Iwayama N, Takai I, Matsumoto Y, Morita H, Maeda K. New method to calculate creatinine generation rate using pre- and postdialysis creatinine concentrations. Artif Organs 1997; 21:864-72. [PMID: 9247176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1997.tb00246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The creatinine (Cr) generation rate reflects the muscle mass, a possible indicator of protein nutritional status. Thus, in this study, we developed equations for calculating the Cr generation rate. Depner and Daugirdas recently developed a method for determining the protein catabolic rate (PCR) from the pre- and postdialysis blood urea nitrogen concentrations. We modified their method to develop equations for calculating the total Cr generation rate from the measured predialysis Cr concentration and estimated postrebound concentration. The total Cr generation rate is defined as the sum of the intrinsic Cr generation rate and the extrinsic Cr generation rate (i.e., the generation rate of Cr derived from food). In the present study, the postrebound Cr concentration was estimated on the basis of postdialysis Cr concentration and the K/V for Cr. The intrinsic Cr generation rate was obtained by subtracting the extrinsic Cr generation rate, which was estimated on the basis of the PCR, from the total Cr generation rate calculated. The intrinsic Cr generation rate determined with this method was virtually the same as that obtained using the postrebound Cr concentration, the concentration immediately before the next hemodialysis (HD) session, and the PCR. The intrinsic Cr generation rate determined with the present method did not vary with changes in the HD prescription (i.e., with an increase in blood flow rate, a prolongation of the HD duration time, or a change in dialyzer membrane area). The present study also indicated that the intrinsic Cr generation rate decreased with age in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shinzato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daiko Medical Center, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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Odani H, Shinzato T, Matsumoto Y, Takai I, Nakai S, Miwa M, Iwayama N, Amano I, Maeda K. First evidence for accumulation of protein-bound and protein-free pyrraline in human uremic plasma by mass spectrometry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 224:237-41. [PMID: 8694819 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs) cross-link proteins and cause various biological tissue damage. One of them, pyrraline [epsilon-2-(formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl) -L-norleucine], has been demonstrated by utilizing antibody to accumulate in plasma and sclerosed matrix of diabetic individuals, suggesting responsibility for diabetic complications. To elucidate the involvement of pyrraline in uremia, we examined the pyrraline levels in patients with chronic renal failure by a mass spectrometric approach. Here we show that protein-free pyrraline as well as pyrraline with binding protein are significantly increased in non-diabetic uremic plasma compared to healthy subjects. Our results suggest that circulating pyrraline could be a substance contributing to complications in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Odani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Branch Hospital, Japan
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Kusafuka H, Obayashi T, Iwayama N, Sezaki R, Izuhara Y, Yoshida H, Goto M, Maeda K. [Protective effect by piperacillin against renal impairment caused by amikacin]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1992; 34:153-62. [PMID: 1588766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to demonstrate that renal impairment caused by administration of amikacin (AMK) alone can be lessened by co-administration of piperacillin (PIPC). The patients in the present study were divided into three groups. In "group P" and "group A", PIPC alone and AMK alone were administered, respectively. In "group P+A", PIPC and AMK were co-administered. Dosage of AMK was individualized based upon the therapeutic drug monitoring method, and that of PIPC was adjusted depending upon the creatinine clearance of a patient. In group A, urinary concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin and lysozyme, and urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin, lysozyme and gamma-GTP per day were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than those in group P. These differences were not observed, however, between group P and group P+A. The trough value of AMK, 11 days after AMK administration, was significantly higher in group A (p less than 0.05) than that in group P+A. Incidence of renal impairment, as judged from urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin per day and urinary lysozyme concentration, was significantly higher in group A (p less than 0.05) than that in group P+A. These findings indicate that co-administration of PIPC with AMK can lessen the renal impairment caused by administration of AMK alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kusafuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital
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