1
|
Sutherland BA, Hadley G, Alexopoulou Z, Lodge TA, Neuhaus AA, Couch Y, Kalajian N, Morten KJ, Buchan AM. Growth Differentiation Factor-11 Causes Neurotoxicity During Ischemia in vitro. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1023. [PMID: 33013673 PMCID: PMC7512098 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neuronal dysfunction can be overcome by circulating factors present in young blood. Growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF-11), a systemic factor that declines with age, can reverse age-related dysfunction in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Given that age increases susceptibility to stroke, we hypothesized that GDF-11 may be directly protective to neurons following ischemia. Primary cortical neurons were isolated from E18 Wistar rat embryos and cultured for 7-10 days. Neurons were deprived of oxygen and glucose (OGD) to simulate ischemia. Neuronal death was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase, propidium iodide or CellTox™ green cytotoxicity assays. 40 ng/mL GDF-11 administration during 2 h OGD significantly increased neuronal death following 24 h recovery. However, GDF-11 pre-treatment did not affect neuronal death during 2 h OGD. GDF-11 treatment during the 24 h recovery period after 2 h OGD also did not alter death. Real-time monitoring for 24 h revealed that by 2 h OGD, GDF-11 treatment had increased neuronal death which remained raised at 24 h. Co-treatment of 1 μM SB431542 (ALK4/5/7 receptor inhibitor) with GDF-11 prevented GDF-11 neurotoxicity after 2 h OGD and 24 h OGD. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) did not increase neuronal death to the same extent as GDF-11 following OGD. GDF-11 neurotoxicity was also exhibited following neuronal exposure to hydrogen peroxide. These results reveal for the first time that GDF-11 is neurotoxic to primary neurons in the acute phase of simulated stroke through primarily ALK4 receptor signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Sutherland
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Gina Hadley
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zoi Alexopoulou
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tiffany A. Lodge
- Nuffield Department of Womens and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ain A. Neuhaus
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nareg Kalajian
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J. Morten
- Nuffield Department of Womens and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M. Buchan
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moore TM, Zhou Z, Cohn W, Norheim F, Lin AJ, Kalajian N, Strumwasser AR, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Shirihai O, van der Bliek AM, Whitelegge JP, Seldin MM, Lusis AJ, Lee S, Drevon CA, Mahata SK, Turcotte LP, Hevener AL. The impact of exercise on mitochondrial dynamics and the role of Drp1 in exercise performance and training adaptations in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2019; 21:51-67. [PMID: 30591411 PMCID: PMC6407367 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria are organelles primarily responsible for energy production, and recent evidence indicates that alterations in size, shape, location, and quantity occur in response to fluctuations in energy supply and demand. We tested the impact of acute and chronic exercise on mitochondrial dynamics signaling and determined the impact of the mitochondrial fission regulator Dynamin related protein (Drp)1 on exercise performance and muscle adaptations to training. METHODS Wildtype and muscle-specific Drp1 heterozygote (mDrp1+/-) mice, as well as dysglycemic (DG) and healthy normoglycemic men (control) performed acute and chronic exercise. The Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, including 100 murine strains of recombinant inbred mice, was used to identify muscle Dnm1L (encodes Drp1)-gene relationships. RESULTS Endurance exercise impacted all aspects of the mitochondrial life cycle, i.e. fission-fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Dnm1L gene expression and Drp1Ser616 phosphorylation were markedly increased by acute exercise and declined to baseline during post-exercise recovery. Dnm1L expression was strongly associated with transcripts known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism and adaptations to exercise. Exercise increased the expression of DNM1L in skeletal muscle of healthy control and DG subjects, despite a 15% ↓(P = 0.01) in muscle DNM1L expression in DG at baseline. To interrogate the role of Dnm1L further, we exercise trained male mDrp1+/- mice and found that Drp1 deficiency reduced muscle endurance and running performance, and altered muscle adaptations in response to exercise training. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of mitochondrial dynamics, specifically Drp1 signaling, in the regulation of exercise performance and adaptations to endurance exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 90089-0372, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amanda J Lin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nareg Kalajian
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander R Strumwasser
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Cory
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kate Whitney
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodore Ho
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy Ho
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph L Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Rucker
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander M van der Bliek
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sindre Lee
- University Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- University Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorraine P Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 90089-0372, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Iris Cantor-UCLA Women's Health Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|