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Bilu Y, Flaks-Manov N, Goldshtein I, Bivas-Benita M, Akiva P, Bodenheimer G, Greenfeld S. Youth Mental Health Outcomes up to Two Years After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Long-COVID or Long-Pandemic Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:701-706. [PMID: 37389526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Youth mental distress has substantially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear if mental symptoms are directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection or to social restrictions. We aimed to investigate mental health outcomes in infected versus uninfected adolescents, for up to two years after an index polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. METHODS A retrospective cohort study, based on electronic health records from a large nationally representative Israeli health fund, among adolescents aged 12-17 years with a PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1, 2020 and March 1, 2021. Infected and uninfected individuals were matched by age, sex, test date, sector, and socioeconomic status. Cox regression was used to derive hazard ratios (HRs) for mental health outcomes within two years from PCR test for infected versus uninfected individuals, while accounting for pre-existing psychiatric history. External validation was performed on UK primary care data. RESULTS Among 146,067 PCR-tested adolescents, 24,009 were positive and 22,354 were matched with negative adolescents. SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly associated with reduced risks for dispensation of antidepressants (HR 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-0.83), diagnoses of anxiety (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.95), depression (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.80), and stress (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.92). Similar results were obtained in the validation dataset. DISCUSSION This large, population-based study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection is not associated with elevated risk for mental distress in adolescents. Our findings highlight the importance of taking a holistic view on adolescents' mental health during the pandemic, with consideration of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and response measures.
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Bilu Y, Flaks-Manov N, Bivas-Benita M, Akiva P, Kalkstein N, Yehezkelli Y, Mizrahi-Reuveni M, Ekka-Zohar A, Shapiro Ben David S, Lerner U, Bodenheimer G, Greenfeld S. Data-Driven Assessment of Adolescents' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:S0890-8567(23)00053-9. [PMID: 36764609 PMCID: PMC9904823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents' mental health was severely compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic. Longitudinal real-world studies on changes in the mental health of adolescents during the later phase of the pandemic are limited. We aimed to quantify the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' mental health outcomes based on electronic health records. METHOD This was a retrospective cohort study using the computerized database of a 2.5 million members, state-mandated health organization in Israel. Rates of mental health diagnoses and psychiatric drug dispensations were measured among adolescents 12 to 17 years of age with and without pre-existing mental history, for the years 2017 to 2021. Relative risks were computed between the years, and interrupted time series (ITS) analyses evaluated changes in monthly incidence rates of psychiatric outcomes. RESULTS The average population size was 218,146 in 2021. During the COVID-19 period, a 36% increase was observed in the incidence of depression (95% CI = 25-47), 31% in anxiety (95% CI = 23-39), 20% in stress (95% CI = 13-27), 50% in eating disorders (95% CI = 35-67), 25% in antidepressant use (95% CI = 25-33), and 28% in antipsychotic use (95% CI = 18-40). A decreased rate of 26% (95% CI = 0.80-0.88) was observed in ADHD diagnoses. The increase of the examined outcomes was most prominent among youth without psychiatric history, female youth, general secular Jewish population, youth with medium-high socioeconomic status, and those 14 to 15 years of age. ITS analysis confirmed a significantly higher growth in the incidence of psychiatric outcomes during the COVID-19 period, compared to those in previous years. CONCLUSION This real-world study highlights the deterioration of adolescents' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggests that youth mental health should be considered during health policy decision making. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoav Yehezkelli
- KI Research Institute, Kfar-Malal, Israel; Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Uri Lerner
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Mizrahi B, Sudry T, Flaks-Manov N, Yehezkelli Y, Kalkstein N, Akiva P, Ekka-Zohar A, Ben David SS, Lerner U, Bivas-Benita M, Greenfeld S. Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: nationwide cohort study. BMJ 2023; 380:e072529. [PMID: 36631153 PMCID: PMC9832503 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-072529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical sequelae of long covid for a year after infection in patients with mild disease and to evaluate its association with age, sex, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and vaccination status. DESIGN Retrospective nationwide cohort study. SETTING Electronic medical records from an Israeli nationwide healthcare organisation. POPULATION 1 913 234 Maccabi Healthcare Services members of all ages who did a polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 between 1 March 2020 and 1 October 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of an evidence based list of 70 reported long covid outcomes in unvaccinated patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 matched to uninfected people, adjusted for age and sex and stratified by SARS-CoV-2 variants, and risk in patients with a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with unvaccinated infected controls. Risks were compared using hazard ratios and risk differences per 10 000 patients measured during the early (30-180 days) and late (180-360 days) time periods after infection. RESULTS Covid-19 infection was significantly associated with increased risks in early and late periods for anosmia and dysgeusia (hazard ratio 4.59 (95% confidence interval 3.63 to 5.80), risk difference 19.6 (95% confidence interval 16.9 to 22.4) in early period; 2.96 (2.29 to 3.82), 11.0 (8.5 to 13.6) in late period), cognitive impairment (1.85 (1.58 to 2.17), 12.8, (9.6 to 16.1); 1.69 (1.45 to 1.96), 13.3 (9.4 to 17.3)), dyspnoea (1.79 (1.68 to 1.90), 85.7 (76.9 to 94.5); 1.30 (1.22 to 1.38), 35.4 (26.3 to 44.6)), weakness (1.78 (1.69 to 1.88), 108.5, 98.4 to 118.6; 1.30 (1.22 to 1.37), 50.2 (39.4 to 61.1)), and palpitations (1.49 (1.35 to 1.64), 22.1 (16.8 to 27.4); 1.16 (1.05 to 1.27), 8.3 (2.4 to 14.1)) and with significant but lower excess risk for streptococcal tonsillitis and dizziness. Hair loss, chest pain, cough, myalgia, and respiratory disorders were significantly increased only during the early phase. Male and female patients showed minor differences, and children had fewer outcomes than adults during the early phase of covid-19, which mostly resolved in the late period. Findings remained consistent across SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccinated patients with a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection had a lower risk for dyspnoea and similar risk for other outcomes compared with unvaccinated infected patients. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide study suggests that patients with mild covid-19 are at risk for a small number of health outcomes, most of which are resolved within a year from diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Uri Lerner
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Soley N, Song S, Flaks-Manov N, Overby Taylor C. Risk for Poor Post-Operative Quality of Life Among Wearable Use Subgroups in an All of Us Research Cohort. Pac Symp Biocomput 2023; 28:31-42. [PMID: 36540962 PMCID: PMC9798526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to build and assess the performance of a prediction model for post-operative recovery status measured by quality of life among individuals experiencing a variety of surgery types. In addition, we assessed the performance of the model for two subgroups (high and moderately consistent wearable device users). Study variables were derived from the electronic health records, questionnaires, and wearable devices of a cohort of individuals with one of 8 surgery types and that were part of the NIH All of Us research program. Through multivariable analysis, high frailty index (OR 1.69, 95% 1.05-7.22, p<0.006), and older age (OR 1.76, 95% 1.55-4.08, p<0.024) were found to be the driving risk factors of poor recovery post-surgery. Our logistic regression model included 15 variables, 5 of which included wearable device data. In wearable use subgroups, the model had better accuracy for high wearable users (81%). Findings demonstrate the potential for models that use wearable measures to assess frailty to inform clinicians of patients at risk for poor surgical outcomes. Our model performed with high accuracy across multiple surgery types and were robust to variable consistency in wearable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Soley
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Whiting School of
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Song
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Whiting School of
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
USA,Biomedical Informatics & Data Science Section, The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Natalie Flaks-Manov
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Whiting School of
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey Overby Taylor
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Whiting School of
Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
USA,Biomedical Informatics & Data Science Section, The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Flaks-Manov N, Bai J, Zhang C, Malpani A, Ray SC, Taylor CO. Assessing Associations Between COVID-19 Symptomology and Adverse Outcomes After Piloting Crowdsourced Data Collection: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e37507. [PMID: 36343205 DOI: 10.2196/37507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crowdsourcing is a useful way to rapidly collect information on COVID-19 symptoms. However, there are potential biases and data quality issues given the population that chooses to participate in crowdsourcing activities and the common strategies used to screen participants based on their previous experience. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to (1) build a pipeline to enable data quality and population representation checks in a pilot setting prior to deploying a final survey to a crowdsourcing platform, (2) assess COVID-19 symptomology among survey respondents who report a previous positive COVID-19 result, and (3) assess associations of symptomology groups and underlying chronic conditions with adverse outcomes due to COVID-19. METHODS We developed a web-based survey and hosted it on the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing platform. We conducted a pilot study from August 5, 2020, to August 14, 2020, to refine the filtering criteria according to our needs before finalizing the pipeline. The final survey was posted from late August to December 31, 2020. Hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to identify COVID-19 symptomology groups, and logistic regression analyses were performed for hospitalization and mechanical ventilation outcomes. Finally, we performed a validation of study outcomes by comparing our findings to those reported in previous systematic reviews. RESULTS The crowdsourcing pipeline facilitated piloting our survey study and revising the filtering criteria to target specific MTurk experience levels and to include a second attention check. We collected data from 1254 COVID-19-positive survey participants and identified the following 6 symptomology groups: abdominal and bladder pain (Group 1); flu-like symptoms (loss of smell/taste/appetite; Group 2); hoarseness and sputum production (Group 3); joint aches and stomach cramps (Group 4); eye or skin dryness and vomiting (Group 5); and no symptoms (Group 6). The risk factors for adverse COVID-19 outcomes differed for different symptomology groups. The only risk factor that remained significant across 4 symptomology groups was influenza vaccine in the previous year (Group 1: odds ratio [OR] 6.22, 95% CI 2.32-17.92; Group 2: OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.74-3.18; Group 3: OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.32-10.98; Group 4: OR 4.44, 95% CI 1.53-14.49). Our findings regarding the symptoms of abdominal pain, cough, fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and vomiting as risk factors for COVID-19 adverse outcomes were concordant with the findings of other researchers. Some high-risk symptoms found in our study, including bladder pain, dry eyes or skin, and loss of appetite, were reported less frequently by other researchers and were not considered previously in relation to COVID-19 adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a crowdsourced approach was effective for collecting data to assess symptomology associated with COVID-19. Such a strategy may facilitate efficient assessments in a dynamic intersection between emerging infectious diseases, and societal and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cindy Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anand Malpani
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Stuart C Ray
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Flaks-Manov N, Shadmi E, Yahalom R, Perry-Mezre H, Balicer RD, Srulovici E. Identification of elderly patients at risk for 30-day readmission: Clinical insight beyond big data prediction. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:3743-3753. [PMID: 34661943 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study explores the potential benefit of combining clinicians' risk assessments and the automated 30-day readmission prediction model. BACKGROUND Automated readmission prediction models based on electronic health records are increasingly applied as part of prevention efforts, but their accuracy is moderate. METHODS This prospective multisource study was based on self-reported surveys of clinicians and data from electronic health records. The survey was performed at 15 internal medicine wards of three general Clalit hospitals between May 2016 and June 2017. We examined the degree of concordance between the Preadmission Readmission Detection Model, clinicians' readmission risk classification and the likelihood of actual readmission. Decision trees were developed to classify patients by readmission risk. RESULTS A total of 694 surveys were collected for 371 patients. The disagreement between clinicians' risk assessment and the model was 34.5% for nurses and 33.5% for physicians. The decision tree algorithms identified 22% and 9% (based on nurses and physicians, respectively) of the model's low-medium-risk patients as high risk (accuracy 0.8 and 0.76, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Combining the Readmission Model with clinical insight improves the ability to identify high-risk elderly patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT This study provides algorithms for the decision-making process for selecting high-risk readmission patients based on nurses' evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Flaks-Manov
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rina Yahalom
- Hospital Division, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ran D Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einav Srulovici
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Taylor CO, Flaks-Manov N, Ramesh S, Choe EK. Willingness to Share Wearable Device Data for Research Among Mechanical Turk Workers: Web-Based Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e19789. [PMID: 34673528 PMCID: PMC8569545 DOI: 10.2196/19789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wearable devices that are used for observational research and clinical trials hold promise for collecting data from study participants in a convenient, scalable way that is more likely to reach a broad and diverse population than traditional research approaches. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is a potential resource that researchers can use to recruit individuals into studies that use data from wearable devices. Objective This study aimed to explore the characteristics of wearable device users on MTurk that are associated with a willingness to share wearable device data for research. We also aimed to determine whether compensation was a factor that influenced the willingness to share such data. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey study of MTurk workers who use wearable devices for health monitoring. A 19-question web-based survey was administered from March 1 to April 5, 2018, to participants aged ≥18 years by using the MTurk platform. In order to identify characteristics that were associated with a willingness to share wearable device data, we performed logistic regression and decision tree analyses. Results A total of 935 MTurk workers who use wearable devices completed the survey. The majority of respondents indicated a willingness to share their wearable device data (615/935, 65.8%), and the majority of these respondents were willing to share their data if they received compensation (518/615, 84.2%). The findings from our logistic regression analyses indicated that Indian nationality (odds ratio [OR] 2.74, 95% CI 1.48-4.01, P=.007), higher annual income (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.26-3.67, P=.02), over 6 months of using a wearable device (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.21-2.29, P=.006), and the use of heartbeat and pulse tracking monitoring devices (OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.14-2.07, P=.01) are significant parameters that influence the willingness to share data. The only factor associated with a willingness to share data if compensation is provided was Indian nationality (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24-0.9, P=.02). The findings from our decision tree analyses indicated that the three leading parameters associated with a willingness to share data were the duration of wearable device use, nationality, and income. Conclusions Most wearable device users indicated a willingness to share their data for research use (with or without compensation; 615/935, 65.8%). The probability of having a willingness to share these data was higher among individuals who had used a wearable for more than 6 months, were of Indian nationality, or were of American (United States of America) nationality and had an annual income of more than US $20,000. Individuals of Indian nationality who were willing to share their data expected compensation significantly less often than individuals of American nationality (P=.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Overby Taylor
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natalie Flaks-Manov
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shankar Ramesh
- College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Eun Kyoung Choe
- College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Rattsev I, Flaks-Manov N, Jelin AC, Bai J, Taylor CO. Recurrent preterm birth risk assessment for two delivery subtypes: A multivariable analysis. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 29:306-320. [PMID: 34559221 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study sought to develop and apply a framework that uses a clinical phenotyping tool to assess risk for recurrent preterm birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS We extended an existing clinical phenotyping tool and applied a 4-step framework for our retrospective cohort study. The study was based on data collected in the Genomic and Proteomic Network for Preterm Birth Research Longitudinal Cohort Study (GPN-PBR LS). A total of 52 sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric history-related risk factors were selected for the analysis. Spontaneous and indicated delivery subtypes were analyzed both individually and in combination. Chi-square analysis and Kaplan-Meier estimate were used for univariate analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS : A total of 428 women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth qualified for our analysis. The predictors of preterm delivery used in multivariable model were maternal age, maternal race, household income, marital status, previous caesarean section, number of previous deliveries, number of previous abortions, previous birth weight, cervical insufficiency, decidual hemorrhage, and placental dysfunction. The models stratified by delivery subtype performed better than the naïve model (concordance 0.76 for the spontaneous model, 0.87 for the indicated model, and 0.72 for the naïve model). DISCUSSION The proposed 4-step framework is effective to analyze risk factors for recurrent preterm birth in a retrospective cohort and possesses practical features for future analyses with other data sources (eg, electronic health record data). CONCLUSIONS We developed an analytical framework that utilizes a clinical phenotyping tool and performed a survival analysis to analyze risk for recurrent preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Rattsev
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalie Flaks-Manov
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angie C Jelin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey Overby Taylor
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Guri A, Flaks-Manov N, Ghilai A, Hoshen M, Flidel Rimon O, Ciobotaro P, Zimhony O. Third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacteriaceae in neonates and young infants: impact and outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:3119-3123. [PMID: 32878507 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1812572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Third-generation cephalosporins resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GCR-EB) are a major threat in severely ill neonates hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Still, the particular impact of 3GCR-EB on outcomes in the wide neonatal population is not well-appreciated. We aimed to study the impact of 3GCR-EB on the length of hospital stay and mortality of a general population of neonates and young infants. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of neonates and young infants born in eight Israeli hospitals between 2009 and 2013, with a culture taken within three months after birth that tested positive for Enterobacteriaceae (EB). Data for this study were taken from centralized electronic health records included inpatient, outpatient, socio-demographic, administrative and laboratory information. The main outcomes were length of stay and mortality. The main explanatory variable was an isolation of 3GCR-EB in any bacterial culture taken from a neonate or young infant. RESULTS Cultures were taken for 31,921 neonates and young infants; 2647 (8.3%) tested positive for EB and 290 (11%) tested positive for 3GCR-EB. Length of stay for those who tested positive was 2.8 times longer (95%CI: 2.70-2.91, p ˂ .001) than patients who tested positive for 3GC-susceptible EB. 3GCR-EB were also associated with increased mortality (OR: 12.06, 95%CI: 4.92-32.29). CONCLUSIONS Neonates with third-generation cephalosporins resistant Enterobacteriaceae had extended hospitalization and increased mortality, which was mostly significant in normal gestational weight newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Guri
- Division of Pediatrics, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel*
| | - Natalie Flaks-Manov
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Ghilai
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Hoshen
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Pnina Ciobotaro
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel*
| | - Oren Zimhony
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel*
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10
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Rayan-Gharra N, Shadmi E, Tadmor B, Flaks-Manov N, Balicer RD. Patients' ratings of the in-hospital discharge briefing and post-discharge primary care follow-up: The association with 30-day readmissions. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:1513-1519. [PMID: 30987768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether patients' ratings of their in-hospital discharge briefing and their post-discharge Primary Care Physicians' (PCP) review of the discharge summary are associated with 30-day readmissions. METHODS A prospective study of 594 internal-medicine patients at a tertiary medical-center in Israel. The in-hospital baseline questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, physical, mental, and functional health status. Patients were surveyed by phone about the discharge and post-discharge processes. Clinical data and health-service use was retrieved from a central data-warehouse. Multivariate regressions modeled the relationship between in-hospital baseline characteristics, discharge briefing, PCP visit indicator, the PCP discharge summary review, and 30-day readmissions. RESULTS The extent of the PCPs' review of the hospital discharge summary at the post-discharge visit was rated higher than the in-hospital discharge briefing (3.46 vs. 3.17, p = 0.001) and was associated with lower odds of readmission (OR=0.35, 95% CI 0.26-0.45). The model that included this assessment performed better than the in-hospital baseline, the in-hospital discharge-briefing, and the PCP visit models (C-statistic = 0.87, compared with: 0.70, 0.81, 0.81, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Providing extensive post-discharge explanations by PCPs serves as a significant protective factor against readmissions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS PCPs should be encouraged to thoroughly review the discharge summary letter with the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosaiba Rayan-Gharra
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; The Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Ran D Balicer
- The Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Flaks-Manov N, Topaz M, Hoshen M, Balicer RD, Shadmi E. Identifying patients at highest-risk: the best timing to apply a readmission predictive model. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 31242886 PMCID: PMC6595564 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most of readmission prediction models are implemented at the time of patient discharge. However, interventions which include an early in-hospital component are critical in reducing readmissions and improving patient outcomes. Thus, at-discharge high-risk identification may be too late for effective intervention. Nonetheless, the tradeoff between early versus at-discharge prediction and the optimal timing of the risk prediction model application remains to be determined. We examined a high-risk patient selection process with readmission prediction models using data available at two time points: at admission and at the time of hospital discharge. Methods An historical prospective study of hospitalized adults (≥65 years) discharged alive from internal medicine units in Clalit’s (the largest integrated payer-provider health fund in Israel) general hospitals in 2015. The outcome was all-cause 30-day emergency readmissions to any internal medicine ward at any hospital. We used the previously validated Preadmission Readmission Detection Model (PREADM) and developed a new model incorporating PREADM with hospital data (PREADM-H). We compared the percentage of overlap between the models and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) for the subgroups identified by each model separately and by both models. Results The final cohort included 35,156 index hospital admissions. The PREADM-H model included 17 variables with a C-statistic of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.67–0.70) and PPV of 43.0% in the highest-risk categories. Of patients categorized by the PREADM-H in the highest-risk decile, 78% were classified similarly by the PREADM. The 22% (n = 229) classified by the PREADM-H at the highest decile, but not by the PREADM, had a PPV of 37%. Conversely, those classified by the PREADM into the highest decile but not by the PREADM-H (n = 218) had a PPV of 31%. Conclusions The timing of readmission risk prediction makes a difference in terms of the population identified at each prediction time point – at-admission or at-discharge. Our findings suggest that readmission risk identification should incorporate a two time-point approach in which preadmission data is used to identify high-risk patients as early as possible during the index admission and an “all-hospital” model is applied at discharge to identify those that incur risk during the hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Flaks-Manov
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Shoham 2, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maxim Topaz
- Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 31905, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Hoshen
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Shoham 2, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ran D Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Shoham 2, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Shoham 2, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 31905, Haifa, Israel.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise a population-based cohort of patients with Gaucher disease (GD) in Israel relative to the general population and describe sociodemographic and clinical differences by disease severity (ie, enzyme replacement therapy [ERT] use). DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTING Data from the Clalit Health Services electronic health record (EHR) database were used. PARTICIPANTS The study population included all patients in the Clalit EHR database identified as having GD as of 30 June 2014. RESULTS A total of 500 patients with GD were identified and assessed. The majority were ≥18 years of age (90.6%), female (54.0%), Jewish (93.6%) and 34.8% had high socioeconomic status, compared with 19.0% in the general Clalit population. Over half of patients with GD with available data (51.0%) were overweight/obese and 63.5% had a Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥1, compared with 46.6% and 30.4%, respectively, in the general Clalit population. The majority of patients with GD had a history of anaemia (69.6%) or thrombocytopaenia (62.0%), 40.4% had a history of bone events and 22.2% had a history of cancer. Overall, 41.2% had received ERT. CONCLUSIONS Establishing a population-based cohort of patients with GD is essential to understanding disease progression and management. In this study, we highlight the need for physicians to monitor patients with GD regardless of their ERT status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena H Jaffe
- Health Outcomes Practice, Kantar Health, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Arriel Benis
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Gabay
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Hanna Rosenbaum
- Department of Oncology, Clalit Medical Center, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Alain Joseph
- Health Economics and Health Outcomes, Shire GmbH Zug, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Asaf Bachrach
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Agay N, Flaks-Manov N, Nitzan U, Hoshen MB, Levkovitz Y, Munitz H. Cancer prevalence in Israeli men and women with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:262-267. [PMID: 28844558 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare cancer prevalence rates among patients with schizophrenia to those of the non-schizophrenia population. The study population included members of Clalit Health Services aged 25 to 74 years and all data was taken from patients' electronic health records. Of the 2,060,314 members who were included in the study, 32,748 had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Cancer prevalence rates in women with and without schizophrenia were 491 per 10,000 and 439 per 10,000, respectively; in men, cancer prevalence rates were 226 per 10,000 and 296 per 10,000, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence rate of all-type cancer was significantly lower among men with schizophrenia, compared to men without schizophrenia; specifically, men with schizophrenia had a lower rate of prostate cancer, and of cancers in the "other" category, compared to men without schizophrenia. Reduced cancer rates in men with schizophrenia may reflect under-diagnosis of some cancer types, likely due to insufficient medical attention. An effort to improve screening regimes should be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Agay
- The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Rabenu Yeruham St., Tel-Aviv Yaffo 86162, Israel.
| | | | - Uri Nitzan
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod-Hasharon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yeheal Levkovitz
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod-Hasharon, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hanan Munitz
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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Balicer R, Flaks-Manov N, Shadmi E, Hoshen M. ISQUA16-3059HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE SYSTEMS AND LENGTH OF STAY IN READMISSIONS TO A DIFFERENT HOSPITAL. Int J Qual Health Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzw104.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tonkikh O, Shadmi E, Flaks-Manov N, Hoshen M, Balicer RD, Zisberg A. Functional status before and during acute hospitalization and readmission risk identification. J Hosp Med 2016; 11:636-41. [PMID: 27130176 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent efforts to prevent readmissions are increasingly focusing on early identification of high-risk patients. OBJECTIVE To test whether information on functioning during hospitalization contributes to the ability to accurately identify older adults at high risk of readmission beyond their baseline risk. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Internal medicine wards at 2 medical centers. PATIENTS Five hundred fifty-nine community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥70 years) discharged to their homes. MEASUREMENTS Data on unplanned 30-day readmissions were retrieved from electronic health records. Data on at-admission activities of daily living (ADL) and in-hospital ADL decline were collected using validated questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the association between functioning and readmission controlling for known risk factors. RESULTS Higher in-hospital ADL decline was significantly associated with readmission (odds ratio for each 10-point decrease in ADL = 1.32, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.72) but did not contribute to the overall discrimination of the model, as compared with the at-admission data (C statistic = 0.81 for each model). Identifying high-risk (10th highest percentile) patients by the at-admission model did not detect 7/55 (12.7%) of patients who would have been categorized as high risk if risk identification was postponed to the discharge date and included data on in-hospital ADL decline. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the ability to identify patients at high risk for readmission already early in the index hospitalization using data on functioning, nutrition, chronic morbidity, and prior hospitalizations. Nonetheless, at-discharge functional assessment can detect additional patients whose readmission risk changes during the index hospitalization. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:636-641. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Tonkikh
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalie Flaks-Manov
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Hoshen
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran D Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Zisberg
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Flaks-Manov N, Shadmi E, Hoshen M, Balicer RD. Health information exchange systems and length of stay in readmissions to a different hospital. J Hosp Med 2016; 11:401-6. [PMID: 26714040 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Readmission to a different hospital than the original discharge hospital may result in breakdowns in continuity of care. In different-hospital readmissions (DHRs), continuity can be maintained when hospitals are connected through health information exchange (HIE) systems. OBJECTIVE To examine whether length of readmission stay (LORS) differs between same-hospital readmissions and DHRs, and whether in DHRs the LORS differs by the availability of HIE. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of all internal medicine 30-day readmissions in 27 Israeli hospitals between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010. SETTING Clalit Health Services-Israel's largest integrated healthcare provider and payer. POPULATION Adult Clalit members (aged 18 and older) with at least 1 readmission during the study period. METHODS A multivariate marginal Cox model tested the likelihood for discharge during each readmission day in same-hospital readmissions (SHRs), DHRs with HIE, and DHRs without HIE. RESULTS Of the 27,057 readmissions, 3130 (11.6%) were DHRs and 792 where DHRs with HIE in both the index and readmitting hospital. Partial continuity (DHRs with HIE) was associated with decreased likelihood of discharge on any given day compared with full continuity (SHRs) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.91). Similar results were obtained for no continuity (DHRs without HIE) versus full continuity (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.94). The difference between DHRs with and without HIE was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged LORS in DHRs versus SHRs was not mitigated by the existence of HIE systems. Future research is needed to further elucidate the effects of actual use of HIE on length of DHRs. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:401-406. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moshe Hoshen
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran D Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Cohen CJ, Flaks-Manov N, Low M, Balicer RD, Shadmi E. High-Risk Case Identification for Use in Comprehensive Complex Care Management. Popul Health Manag 2015; 18:15-22. [DOI: 10.1089/pop.2014.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra J. Cohen
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalie Flaks-Manov
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcelo Low
- Health Policy and Planning, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran D. Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- Health Policy and Planning, Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Singer SR, Hoshen M, Shadmi E, Leibowitz M, Flaks-Manov N, Bitterman H, Balicer RD. EMR-based medication adherence metric markedly enhances identification of nonadherent patients. Am J Manag Care 2012; 18:e372-e377. [PMID: 23145845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether addition of written-prescription data to existing adherence measures improves identification of nonadherent patients and prediction of changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database analysis of all health plan members prescribed a statin in 2008 and followed through 2010. METHODS We examined statin use in a 4-millionmember health plan with 100% electronic medical record coverage. A novel type of medication possession ratio (MPR), integrating prescribed with dispensed medication data, was developed. This measure, MPRp, was compared with a standard dispensed-only adherence measure, MPRd. Adherence below 20% was considered nonadherence. The 2 adherence measures were compared regarding (1) the number of patients identified as nonadherent, (2) percent changes in LDL from study enrollment to study termination, and (3) receiver-operator curves assessing the association between adherence and a 24% decrease in LDL. RESULTS A total of 67,517 patients received 1,386,270 written prescriptions over the 3-year period. MPRp identified 93% more patients as nonadherent than did MPRd (P <.001). These newly identified patients exhibited minimal LDL decreases over the course of the study. Adherence by MPRp was more strongly associated with decreases in LDL than was adherence by MPRd (area under the curve 0.815 vs 0.770; P <.001). During the study period, 18.2% of patients did not fill any prescriptions and were thus unidentifiable by dispensed-only measures. CONCLUSIONS Addition of written-prescription data to adherence measures identified nearly twice the number of nonadherent patients and markedly improved prediction of changes in LDL.
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