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Krishna MS, Lenka S, Sridevi B, Rao NS, Rao DN, Sarma VVSS, Mithun GG, Prakash TA, Khalap ST, Satelkar NP, Siddharth G, Fernando V. Major sources of sinking particulate organic matter in the western Bay of Bengal. Mar Environ Res 2024; 197:106480. [PMID: 38564848 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Impacts of river discharge on coastal ocean processes are multi-dimensional. Studies on sinking particle fluxes, composition and their seasonal variability in coastal oceans are very limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of river discharge on seasonal variability in sinking fluxes of total mass, biogenic and lithogenic material in a river-dominated continental margin, western coastal Bay of Bengal. Higher POC, lithogenic and total mass fluxes were found during early southwest monsoon, and are decoupled with peak river discharge and elevated primary production. It is attributed to cross-shelf transport of re-suspended surface sediments from shelf region. Peak river discharge followed by elevated chlorophyll-a suggest nutrients supply though river discharge support primary production. Elemental C:N ratios, δ13C and δ15N results likely suggest that both marine and terrestrial sources contributed to sinking POM, . Overall, higher sinking fluxes during southwest monsoon than rest of the year suggest that seasonal river discharge exerts considerable impact on sinking fluxes in the western coastal Bay of Bengal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Krishna
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India, 530017.
| | - Sreenu Lenka
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India, 530017
| | - B Sridevi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India, 530017
| | - N S Rao
- ESSO-Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad, 500090, India
| | - D N Rao
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India, 530017
| | - V V S S Sarma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Visakhapatnam, India, 530017
| | - G G Mithun
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403004
| | - T A Prakash
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403004
| | - S T Khalap
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403004
| | - N P Satelkar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403004
| | - G Siddharth
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403004
| | - V Fernando
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403004
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Iyengar SS, Pangotra A, Abhishek K, Sinha N, Rao NS, Singh VK, Prakash J. The Comparison of Dexmedetomidine to Dexamethasone as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Upper Limb Surgeries. Cureus 2023; 15:e41668. [PMID: 37575723 PMCID: PMC10412748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical utility of adjuvants with local anesthesia produces an excellent nerve block with prolonged duration and faster onset. Brachial plexus block is widely used nowadays in patients undergoing upper limb surgery There are several approaches to achieve brachial plexus block such as interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of dexamethasone to dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus (USG-ICBP) block. Methods A randomized, prospective, double-blind study was undertaken on the patients posted for upper limb surgeries under ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block. Sixty patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes I and II were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A received 25 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1.5 mL (6 mg) of dexamethasone, and group B received 25 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine and 0.75 mL (75 mcg) of dexmedetomidine along with 0.75 mL of 0.9% normal saline (NS). Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results The onset of sensory block was significantly faster in the patients in group B as compared to the patients in group A. In terms of the duration of the block, sensory and motor blocks were maintained for a significantly longer duration in the group A patients as compared to those in group B. Moreover, the duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly longer-lasting in the group A patients. In terms of adverse effects, procedure-related complications such as the failure of the block and inadequate block were comparable across the groups. However, drug-related adverse effects were significantly more common in group B. Conclusion As compared to 75 mcg of dexmedetomidine, the addition of 6 mg of dexamethasone as adjuvant to 25 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine resulted in significantly longer-lasting sensory and motor blocks, postoperative analgesia, and a delayed time for first rescue analgesia without increasing undue adverse effects. Dexmedetomidine use is associated with more sedation as compared to dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy S Iyengar
- Department of Neuroanesthesia, People Tree Institute of Neurosciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Anshu Pangotra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, IND
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Trauma Critical Care, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Nitesh Sinha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Natesh S Rao
- Department of Anesthesia, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Vinod K Singh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Jay Prakash
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
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Veena G, Pangotra A, Kumar S, Prakash J, Rao NS, Priye S. Comparison of Perineural and Intravenous Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Levobupivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A prospective Randomized Trial. Anesth Essays Res 2021; 15:45-50. [PMID: 34667347 PMCID: PMC8462415 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_69_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect of perineural versus intravenous (i.v.) dexamethasone (4 mg) when added to levobupivacaine as an adjuvant has not been well studied. Aims: This study was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of perineural and i.v. dexamethasone as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in infraclavicular brachial plexus (ICBP) block. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 68 patients with the ultrasound-guided ICBP block, randomly allocated into two groups (34 each). Four patients had failed block (2 in each group) that was excluded from the study. Group A received 25 mL of levobupivacaine 0.5% and 1 mL of normal saline for the block and i.v. dexamethasone 4 mg. Group B received 25 mL of levobupivacaine 0.5% with 4 mg of perineural dexamethasone for the block. Postoperative vitals and different block characteristics were assessed. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The duration of motor block and analgesia in Group A was 1245.94 ± 153.22 min and 1310.16 ± 151.68 min, respectively. However, in Group B, the duration of motor block and analgesia was 1768.13 ± 309.86 min and 1743.59 ± 231.39 min, respectively, which was more when compared to Group A (P < 0.001). The Visual Analog Scale score of ≥3 in Group A was 37% and in Group B was 9% (P = 0.008). Four cases had delayed regression of motor block in the perineural group. Conclusions: Perineural dexamethasone significantly prolonged the duration of motor block promoted by levobupivacaine in infraclavicular brachial plexus block, reduced pain intensity and rescue analgesia needs in the postoperative period when compared with the intravenous dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Veena
- Department of Anaesthesia, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anshu Pangotra
- Department of Superspeciality Anaesthesia, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jay Prakash
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Natesh S Rao
- Department of Anaesthesia, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shio Priye
- Department of Superspeciality Anaesthesia, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Prakash J, Rao NS, Kumar S, Raghwendra KH, Saran K, Reddy SD. Study of Relationship between Central Venous Pressure and Peripheral Venous Pressure during Intraoperative Period in Neurosurgical Patients. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1618328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives Central venous pressure (CVP) and peripheral venous pressure (PVP) are strongly correlated during various surgeries. This study was designed to examine the consistency of CVP–PVP relationships in circumstances of rapidly fluctuating hemodynamics in neurosurgical patients. Prime objective of this study was to determine if PVP can be an effective alternative to invasive CVP for assessing volume status during neurosurgical procedures when expertise, equipment, and patient’s condition contraindicate invasive monitoring.
Subjects and Methods After the approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee, CVP and PVP were measured in 50 neurosurgical patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I and II operated in supine position. Paired measurements of CVP and PVP were made every 20 minutes, from the starting of anesthesia until the end of surgery; however, in situations of hemodynamic instability, the readings were taken every 5 minutes of interval.
Results The study showed a strong correlation between CVP and PVP (Pearson’s correlation coefficient between CVP and PVP, r = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81–0.93; p < 0.001). Mean CVP was 5.7 ± 0.8 mm of Hg, mean PVP was 10.4 ± 0.6 mm of Hg, and bias between CVP and PVP was 4.7 ± 0.4 (95% CI: − 4.61 to − 4.83). The Bland–Altman analysis showed that limit of agreement to be 4.0 to 5.5 mm of Hg.
Conclusion This study demonstrated a strong correlation between CVP and PVP. Therefore, PVP monitoring may be a reliable alternative to CVP monitoring during neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | - Natesh S. Rao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kumar H. Raghwendra
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Khushboo Saran
- Department of Pathology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sandeep D. Reddy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
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Prakash J, Rao NS, Kumar N, Hussain M. Anesthetic issues in pregnancy with Ebstein's anomaly, hypothyroidism, and sepsis. Saudi J Anaesth 2018; 12:167-169. [PMID: 29416493 PMCID: PMC5789496 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_417_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Natesh S Rao
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Mumtaz Hussain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, India
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Prakash J, Dhanpal R, Rao NS, Ramamurthy S. Malposition of Central Venous Catheter due to Radiation-Induced Venous Stenosis: A Report. Indian J Crit Care Med 2018; 22:314-315. [PMID: 29743775 PMCID: PMC5930540 DOI: 10.4103/ijccm.ijccm_25_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Radhika Dhanpal
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Natesh S Rao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarayu Ramamurthy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Chandra A, Rao NS, Malhotra KP, Rastogi M, Khurana R. Everolimus-associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer. Indian J Nephrol 2017; 27:406-409. [PMID: 28904441 PMCID: PMC5590422 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_304_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, everolimus (Evl) has been introduced in the management of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, in combination with aromatase inhibitors. Evl-induced acute kidney injury has hitherto been described in other malignancies, especially renal cell cancer, but only once before in a patient with breast cancer. We describe two cases of Evl-associated nephrotoxicity in patients with breast cancer, one of whom underwent a renal biopsy showing acute tubular necrosis. Both our patients improved after withdrawal of the offending agent and have normal renal functions on follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chandra
- Department of Nephrology, Dr. RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N S Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Dr. RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K P Malhotra
- Department of Pathology, Dr. RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Rastogi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Khurana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Rao NS, Pradeep AR, Bajaj P, Kumari M, Naik SB. Simvastatin local drug delivery in smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Aust Dent J 2014; 58:156-62. [PMID: 23713634 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simvastatin (SMV) is a specific competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Statins have recently been shown to promote bone formation. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of SMV 1.2% in an indigenously prepared biodegradable controlled release gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis. METHODS Forty patients were categorized into two treatment groups: SRP plus SMV 1.2% and SRP plus placebo. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and at 3, 6 and 9 months; they included modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). At baseline, after 6 months and 9 months, radiologic assessment of intrabony defect (IBD) fill was done using computer-aided software. RESULTS Mean probing depth reduction and mean clinical attachment level gain was greater in the SMV group than the placebo group at all visits. Furthermore, significantly greater mean percentage of bone fill was found in the SMV group (32.37 ± 10.23%) compared to the placebo (4.18 ± 5.39%). CONCLUSIONS There was a greater decrease in mSBI and PD and more CAL gain with significant IBD fill at sites treated with SRP plus locally delivered SMV in smokers with chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Rao
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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Rao NS, Shakila TM, Bagchi SN. De-regulated assimilation and over-production of amino acids in analogue-resistant mutants of a cyanobacterium, Phormidium uncinatum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 11:665-8. [PMID: 24415018 DOI: 10.1007/bf00361013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/1995] [Accepted: 07/15/1995] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutant strains of Phormidium uncinatum resistant to fluoro-phenylalanine, aztryptophan, fluorotyrosine and azaleucine accumulated a wide range of amino acids, notably glutamic acid, lysine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, and exhibited de-regulated valine and phenylalanine transport. While acetohydroxy acid synthase in azaleucine-resistant mutants lost valine- and leucine-sensitivity, 3-deoxy-DXXX-arabinoheplulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase and prephenate dehydratase in aromatic analogue-resistant strains became phenylalanine-insensitive and shikimate and prephenate dehydrogenases were activated by tyrosine. In addition, activities of nitrate-assimilating enzymes were higher in the mutants, which also exhibited increased nitrogen, protein and phycocyanin contents. The proteins in the mutants were better digested upon enzymatic-treatments and feeding trials than those of the wild type, indicating that they are usable as single-cell protein.
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Kumari M, Naik SB, Rao NS, Martande SS, Pradeep AR. Clinical efficacy of a herbal dentifrice on dentinal hypersensitivity: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Aust Dent J 2013; 58:483-90. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kumari
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore India
| | - SB Naik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore India
| | - NS Rao
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore India
| | - SS Martande
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore India
| | - AR Pradeep
- Department of Periodontics; Government Dental College and Research Institute; Bangalore India
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Pradeep AR, Bajaj P, Agarwal E, Rao NS, Naik SB, Kalra N, Priyanka N, Priyanaka N. Local drug delivery of 0.5% azithromycin in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among smokers. Aust Dent J 2013; 58:34-40. [PMID: 23441790 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with conventional periodontal surgical therapy, local delivery of antibiotics may provide more effective treatment in smokers by targeting tissue-invasive bacteria. The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial was to evaluate the adjunctive effects of subgingivally delivered 0.5% azithromycin (AZM) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in smokers. METHODS Fifty-four patients were randomized and categorized into two treatment groups: Group 1 - 26 subjects who received (SRP) plus placebo gel and Group 2 - 28 subjects who received (SRP) plus 0.5% azithromycin. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months. They included Plaque Index (PI), modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). RESULTS Azithromycin resulted in significant improvements. A single application of AZM resulted in attachment gain at 9 months of 2.44 ± 0.64 mm as compared to 0.18 ± 0.68 mm for the placebo. Similarly, pocket depth and PI were significantly reduced but no change in the mSBI was noted. CONCLUSIONS When compared to the placebo, the adjunctive use of 0.5% AZM resulted in significant improvement in clinical outcome in the treatment of chronic periodontitis among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Pradeep
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.
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Evans WR, Fleischman DE, Calvert HE, Pyati PV, Alter GM, Rao NS. Bacteriochlorophyll and Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in Rhizobium Strain BTAi 1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 56:3445-9. [PMID: 16348349 PMCID: PMC184979 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.11.3445-3449.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobium strain BTAi 1, which nodulates both stems and roots of Aeschynomene indica L., formed bacteriochlorophyll and photosynthetic reaction centers resembling those of purple photosynthetic bacteria when grown aerobically ex planta under a light-dark cycle. Bacteriochlorophyll formation was not observed under continuous dark or light growth conditions. The amount of pigment formed was similar to that previously found in aerobic photosynthetic bacteria. Stem nodules appear to fix nitrogen photosynthetically, as illumination of A. indica stem nodules with near-infrared light resulted in an enhanced rate of acetylene reduction. Near-infrared light did not enhance acetylene reduction when either A. indica or soybean root nodules were illuminated. The BTAi 1 isolate can be differentiated from members of the family Rhodospirillaceae by several criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Evans
- Battelle-C. F. Kettering Research Laboratory, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387; Department of Biochemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435 ; and Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
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Blake AJ, Pearce TM, Rao NS, Johnson SM, Williams JC. Multilayer PDMS microfluidic chamber for controlling brain slice microenvironment. Lab Chip 2007; 7:842-9. [PMID: 17594002 PMCID: PMC2556125 DOI: 10.1039/b704754a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel three-layer microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device was constructed with two fluid chambers that holds a brain slice in place with microposts while maintaining laminar perfusate flow above and below the slice. Our fabrication technique permits rapid production of PDMS layers that can be applied to brain slices of different shapes and sizes. In this study, the device was designed to fit the shape and thickness (530-700 microm) of a medullary brain slice taken from P0-P4 neonatal rats. Medullary slices in this chamber spontaneously produced rhythmic, respiratory-related motor output for up to 3 h, thereby demonstrating that brain slice viability was maintained for prolonged periods. This design is unique in that it achieves independent control of fluids through multiple channels in two separate fluid chambers. The laminar flow exhibited by the microfluidic chamber allows controlled solutions to target specific areas of the brain slice based on the input flow rates. To demonstrate this capability, a stream of Na(+)-free solution was focused on one half of a medullary slice to abolish spontaneous neural activity in only that half of the brain slice, while the other half remained active. We also demonstrated that flow of different solutions can be focused over the midline of the brain slice. The multilayer brain slice chamber design can integrate several traditional types of electrophysiology tools that are commonly used to measure neurophysiological properties of brain slices. Thus, this new microfluidic chamber is advantageous for experiments that involve controlled drug or solution delivery at high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Blake
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Rao NS, Kumar P, Chauhan VK, Garg BS, Gupta KC. Microwave assisted high yielding preparation of N-protected 2'-deoxyribonucleosides useful for oligonucleotide synthesis. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2002; 21:393-400. [PMID: 12182351 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and high yielding method for the synthesis of precursors of synthons for DNA synthesis, N-protected 2'-deoxyribonucleosides is described, which occur under mild conditions using microwave irradiation. The desired material, N-protected nucleosides, was obtained in 93-96% yield in few minutes. The final products were then characterized by 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF and compared with the standard samples. The method is amenable to small to moderate scale of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Rao
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Centre for Biochemical Technology, Delhi, India
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Andrade C, Rao NS. Manic stupor. Indian J Psychiatry 2001; 43:285-6. [PMID: 21407873 PMCID: PMC2956160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Andrade
- CHITRANJAN ANDRADE, M.D., Additional Professor, Department of Psychopharmacology, NIMHANS, Bangalore- 560029
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Rao AS, Rao PR, Rao NS. Quality of drinking water from ponds in villages of Kolleru Lake region. Indian J Environ Health 2001; 43:45-52. [PMID: 12395505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Kolleru Lake is the largest natural freshwater lake in the districts of East and West Godavari of Andhra Pradesh. The major population centres in the Kolleru Lake region are the 148 villages of which 50 bed villages and 98 belt villages. All bed and belt villages in lake region have at least one drinking water pond. Drinking water ponds are filled with lake water during monsoon season and directly supplied to the public throughout the year. The water samples were collected from village drinking water ponds in a year by covering three seasons and analysed for different physico-chemical parameters to assess the quality of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rao
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003
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17
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Abstract
Penetrating head injuries can be difficult to manage as the extensive surgery which may be required can result in severe morbidity and mortality in some patients. A conservative surgical approach with a "pull and see" policy was adopted successfully in a described case. Extraction can be achieved by using the mechanical advantage of the lever principle. By this method while removing the object any movements of sharp edges which will cause secondary damage can be reduced to a minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osmania Medical College/Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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18
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Yang Y, Rao NS, Walker E, Sen S, Qin J. Nuclear magnetic resonance assignment and secondary structure of an ankyrin-like repeat-bearing protein: myotrophin. Protein Sci 1997; 6:1347-51. [PMID: 9194197 PMCID: PMC2143708 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560060625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional heteronuclear NMR has been applied to the structural analysis of myotrophin, a novel protein identified from spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts and hypertrophic human hearts. Myotrophin has been shown to stimulate protein synthesis in myocytes and likely plays an important role in the initiation of cardiac hypertrophy, a major cause of mortality in humans. Recent cDNA cloning revealed that myotrophin has 11B amino acids containing 2.5 contiguous ANK repeats, a motif known to be involved in a wide range of macromolecular recognition. A series of two- and three-dimensional heteronuclear bond correlation NMR experiments have been performed on uniformly 15N-labeled or uniformly 15N/13C-labeled protein to obtain the 1H, 15N, and 13C chemical shift assignments. The secondary structure of myotrophin has been determined by a combination of NOEs, NH exchange data, 3JHN alpha coupling constants, and chemical shifts of 1H alpha, 13C alpha, and 13 C beta. The protein has been found to consist of seven helices, all connected by turns or loops. Six of the seven helices (all but the C-terminal helix) form three separate helix-turn-helix motifs. The two full ANK repeats in myotrophin are characteristic of multiple turns followed by a helix-turn-helix motif. A hairpin-like turn involving L32-R36 in ANK repeat #1 exhibits slow conformational averaging on the NMR time scale and appears dynamically different from the corresponding region (D65-169) of ANK repeat #2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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19
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Bhatia JC, Cleland J, Bhagavan L, Rao NS. Levels and determinants of gynecological morbidity in a district of south India. Stud Fam Plann 1997; 28:95-103. [PMID: 9216030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of an assessment of gynecological morbidity among 385 women with young children residing in a district of Karnataka State, South India. All three main modes of assessment (clinical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reports) reveal a high burden of reproductive tract infections. The two most common conditions, identified by laboratory tests, were bacterial vaginosis and mucopurulent cervicitis. Approximately one-fourth of the women had clinical evidence of pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical ectopy, and fistula. The contribution of sexually transmitted diseases to overall gynecological morbidity appears to be relatively modest; 10 percent were so diagnosed. Associated conditions of anemia and chronic energy deficiency were common. Severe anemia was found in 17 percent of cases and severe chronic energy deficiency in 12 percent. These results indicate that radical improvements in women's health in India will require far more than the diagnosis and treatment of reproductive tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bhatia
- Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India
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20
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Andrade C, Rao NS. Musical obsessions : a case report. Indian J Psychiatry 1997; 39:178-80. [PMID: 21584068 PMCID: PMC2967106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is presented in which the chief symptom was obsessive musical imagery. Such musical obsessions are not described in standard texts of psychiatry or phenomenology, or in articles on OCD; nor are they considered in diagnostic procedures for OCD. Either the symptom is rare, or it is unnoticed because of low clinical awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Andrade
- CHITTARANJAN ANDRADE, Addl. Professor, Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore-560 029
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21
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Rao NS, Legault P, Muhandiram DR, Greenblatt J, Battiste JL, Williamson JR, Kay LE. NMR pulse schemes for the sequential assignment of arginine side-chain H epsilon protons. J Magn Reson B 1996; 113:272-6. [PMID: 8995846 DOI: 10.1006/jmrb.1996.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N S Rao
- Protein Engineering Network Centers of Excellence, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Battiste JL, Mao H, Rao NS, Tan R, Muhandiram DR, Kay LE, Frankel AD, Williamson JR. Alpha helix-RNA major groove recognition in an HIV-1 rev peptide-RRE RNA complex. Science 1996; 273:1547-51. [PMID: 8703216 DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5281.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The solution structure of a human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Rev peptide bound to stem-loop IIB of the Rev response element (RRE) RNA was solved by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Rev peptide has an alpha-helical conformation and binds in the major groove of the RNA near a purine-rich internal loop. Several arginine side chains make base-specific contacts, and an asparagine residue contacts a G.A base pair. The phosphate backbone adjacent to a G.G base pair adopts an unusual structure that allows the peptide to access a widened major groove. The structure formed by the two purine-purine base pairs of the RRE creates a distinctive binding pocket that the peptide can use for specific recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Battiste
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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23
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Andrade C, Rao NS. Medical students' attitudes toward electroconvulsive therapy: an Indian perspective. Convuls Ther 1996; 12:86-90. [PMID: 8744167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A questionnaire addressing issues related to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was administered to 165 undergraduate medical students in an urban hospital in India. Of various sources, the mass media contributed most to the students' knowledge about and attitudes toward the treatment. Senior and junior students differed little in their knowledge and attitudes. Many students believed that ECT is cruel and barbaric and that it occasions pain to the patient; however, few considered that it compromises thinking and reasoning, that it causes brain damage, that it is misused, that it is used to punish violent or uncooperative patients, that it is outmoded, or that it should be banned. Many students thought that the use of ECT should be governed by law. Myths and concerns about ECT were identified in a subset of students who expressed reluctance to receive ECT if indicated for themselves. There is a need to improve undergraduate medical education on ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Andrade
- Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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24
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Abstract
Intravitreal injections of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) induce morphological changes in the optic nerve suggesting a primary TNF alpha-induced optic neuropathy. A preliminary morphometric analysis of axonal loss and degeneration in optic nerves of a TNF alpha rabbit eye model was conducted. Fifteen rabbits were injected in one eye only with TNF alpha (final doses: 2 U, 20 U and 200 U respectively), and optic nerve cross-sections were examined using a semi-automated image analysis system, at varying time intervals for up to 24 weeks post-injection. Control optic nerves (uninjected or injected with diluent only) were also assessed. Intact, degenerating and demyelinated axons were visible in TNF alpha-exposed optic nerves. Considerable variation was observed between TNF alpha-exposed optic nerves, however the intact axon density consistently decreased in the 200 U TNF alpha group, although not in the 2 U and 20 U groups. Overall, TNF alpha-exposed optic nerves had significantly more degenerating profiles compared to control optic nerves. These observations suggest a dose-dependent axonal loss and degeneration associated with the morphological changes induced in rabbit optic nerves following intravitreal injection of TNF alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Madigan
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, N.S.W., Australia
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25
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Abstract
Both in vitro and in vivo studies have implicated a role for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in various demyelinating diseases, including HIV-related encephalopathy. To investigate whether intravitreal TNF alpha can induce optic nerve axonal damage in a rabbit eye model, fifteen rabbit eyes were initially injected with TNF alpha (final concentrations: 2U, 20U, and 200U respectively) and studied at varying time intervals for up to 24 weeks post-injection, using light and electron microscopy. Control optic nerves (no injection or diluent injection only) had normal myelinated axons and glia; the myelinated regions, neural retina, retinal glia and vasculature of control retinas were normal. In TNF alpha-exposed optic nerves, intact, degenerating and demyelinated axons were interspersed. Astrogliosis was present, particularly from 8 weeks p.i. and was noted up to 24 weeks. Oligodendrocytes were not severely affected in TNF alpha-exposed optic nerves, and activated macrophages or microglia were not obvious. Axonal degeneration was visible among the more superficial myelinated fibers in TNF alpha-exposed retinas however the neural retina glia were unaffected. These observations suggest that the axonal degeneration induced in TNF alpha-exposed rabbit optic nerves over a 24 week period was most likely related to direct effects of TNF alpha on optic nerve axons, and not primarily due to anterograde degeneration from retinal lesions. In-so-far as neurological pathology in general, and optic nerve degeneration in particular, has been described in AIDS, and TNF alpha levels may be elevated in this disease, it is of great clinical significance that TNF alpha has the capacity to mediate neuronal or axonal injury. If so, strategies to block or inhibit TNF alpha can be pursued for treatment for the neurological symptoms of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Madigan
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Australia
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26
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Ray PK, Datta PK, Modak DP, Mandal C, Rao NS. Designing of peptides with immuno-modulatory properties using protein A as a probe. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1995; 32:372-7. [PMID: 8714207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of reports from our laboratory have described the multifarious properties of protein A of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, apart from its IgG binding affinity. Original reports regarding its anti-tumor, anti-toxic, anti-carcinogenic and immunomodulatory properties published earlier by the authors have implicated some uniqueness of this bacterial protein. It was conceived that such diversified properties must lie in its specific peptide sequences, rendering it to act and behave as a multipotent "Biological Response Modifier" (BRM). The high resolution X-ray structure of protein A-Fc complex has been delineated earlier, and has been the foundation of many protein engineering studies. This structure along with the amino acid sequence data of its four repetitive domains provided us the basis for designing an octapeptide. This octapeptide was synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis considering it as the probable site through which PA binds IgG. This octapeptide (NH2-Gln-Asn-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Glu-Ile-Leu-COOH) is present in the first helical segment of B-domain of protein A, and also is a part of domain D, A and C. This octapeptide has been shown to bind IgG by the immunoblotting technique. The binding affinity of the octapeptide appears to be significantly higher than that of intact protein A, as was revealed by calculation of Ka (association constant) and Kd (dissociation constant) values. This octapeptide might serve as a good immunoadsorbant for IgG and/or immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Ray
- Immunotechnology Section & Distributive Information Centre, Bose Institute, Calcutta
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27
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Abstract
Twenty-four arthroscopies of the hip performed at the Alfred I. duPont Institute, Wilmington, Delaware, in 21 patients between 1981 and 1991 were retrospectively studied. The average age of patients at the time of arthroscopy was 16 years (range, 11-21 years). The arthroscopies were diagnostic if the procedure was performed to visualize the hip or to perform a synovial biopsy and therapeutic if the procedure was performed to treat a suspected intra-articular abnormality. There were eight diagnostic arthroscopies and 16 therapeutic arthroscopies. The arthroscopy correlated with the presumptive causes of symptoms in 13 hips (54%) and failed to correlate in 11 hips (46%). Two patients had complications of transient pudendal nerve dysesthesia with full recovery. There were no infections or residual hip stiffness. A diagnostic arthroscopy is not helpful as a confirming diagnostic procedure. Arthroscopy of the hip is helpful in obtaining synovial biopsies and allows loose body removal, thus obviating the need for open surgery and intraoperative dislocation of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schindler
- Alfred I. duPont Institute, Wilmington, DE 19899, USA
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28
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Marwah JB, Shakila TM, Rao NS, Bagchi SN. Detoxification of a local Microcystis bloom by an algicidal antibiotic from Oscillatoria late-virens. Indian J Exp Biol 1995; 33:97-100. [PMID: 7759128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mouse toxicity due to microcystin (hepatotoxin) was detected in water bloom of a local lake, comprising mainly Microcystis aeruginosa. Both toxicity and biomass content of the phytoplankton varied seasonally. Incubations with an algicidal metabolite from Oscillatoria late-virens and a herbicide 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) caused depigmentation and detoxification in bloom samples. Algicide-incubation also encouraged growth of protozoa and bacteria, pathogenic form included.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Marwah
- Department of Biological Sciences, R.D. University, Jabalpur, India
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29
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Andrade C, Rao NS, Sekhar RV, Rani MA, Venkataraman BV. Relationship between rate of administration of electroconvulsive shocks and rate of learning in rats: implications for the practice of ECT. Convuls Ther 1994; 10:206-11. [PMID: 7834257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Number of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatments administered and severity of psychopathology confound the interpretation of clinical studies that address the relationship between the rate of administration of ECT and cognitive morbidity occasioned by the treatment. A preclinical study was therefore conducted to address the issue. Three groups (n = 8/group) of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received six electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) in daily ECS, 3 ECS/week, and 2 ECS/week schedules; a fourth group (control; n = 8) received only sham ECS. From days 2 to 7 after the conclusion of the ECS/sham ECS course, the rats were monitored for learning on the Hebb-Williams complex maze. The control, 2 ECS/week, and 3 ECS/week groups showed significant learning by days 3, 5, and 7, respectively, while the daily ECS group showed no significant learning during the assessment period. This indicates that even when the cumulative effect of ECS on learning is controlled for, more frequent ECS is associated with slower learning. Extrapolating to clinical settings, it is suggested that wider spacing of ECT may lessen ECT-induced cognitive morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Andrade
- Department of Psychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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30
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Abstract
In order to further study AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) related neuropathologic findings, specifically progressive diffuse leuko-encephalopathy (PDL) and optic neuropathy, ten macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), observed for varying periods, and then sacrificed and tissue prepared for analysis. A marked difference from human AIDS pathology was found: in all monkeys, there was significant peripheral axonal dropout, as opposed to relatively little dropout in the central areas of the nerves (t stat. = -5.9, p < .001). In those monkeys infected with SIV for over one year, the axonal loss in the periphery was also greater than in the central optic nerve (t stat. = -5.03, p < .001); monkeys infected with SIV for less than one year had slightly less peripheral than central loss (t stat. = -4.5, p = .001). When compared with humans, however, it was found that the overall loss of axons was less (15% in monkeys vs. up to 45% in humans). There was also a lack of discernible retinal pathology, such as cotton wool spots, in the monkey tissue.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Nazir
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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33
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Abstract
Among our patients with benign intracranial hypertension, we encountered 3 who presented with unusual clinical features. Presentations were pseudotumor without papilledema, unilateral papilledema, and IIIrd and Vth cranial nerve involvement. Lumbo-peritoneal shunt completely resolved the symptoms and signs in 2 of the patients; in the third, symptoms and signs cleared following lumbar puncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chari
- Department of Neurology, D.C. General Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20003
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34
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Kulkarni ML, Rao NS. Tuberculin conversion after neonatal BCG. Indian Pediatr 1990; 27:765-6. [PMID: 2246056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Nine pedunculated benign synoviomata causing mechanical symptoms similar to those of a torn meniscus are described. The average age of the patients was 34.4 years. During the period of study, 2254 meniscal lesions causing mechanical symptoms were identified, giving an incidence of one benign synovioma for every 250 meniscal lesions. All the lesions were removed arthroscopically with relief of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Dandy
- Newmarket General Hospital, Suffolk, England
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36
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Sharma RD, Raghuram TC, Rao NS. Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990; 44:301-6. [PMID: 2194788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on blood glucose and the serum lipid profile was evaluated in insulin-dependent (Type I) diabetic patients. Isocaloric diets with and without fenugreek were each given randomly for 10 d. Defatted fenugreek seed powder (100 g), divided into two equal doses, was incorporated into the diet and served during lunch and dinner. The fenugreek diet significantly reduced fasting blood sugar and improved the glucose tolerance test. There was a 54 per cent reduction in 24-h urinary glucose excretion. Serum total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides were also significantly reduced. The HDL cholesterol fraction, however, remained unchanged. These results indicate the usefulness of fenugreek seeds in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Sharma
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad
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37
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Bhaskaram P, Sahay BK, Rao NS. Specific immune responses in typhoid fever & after TAB vaccination. Indian J Med Res 1990; 91:115-9. [PMID: 2345018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific immune responses to Salmonella typhi were investigated in 131 patients suffering from typhoid fever and 34 healthy individuals after TAB vaccination. A proportion of individuals failed to develop either specific humoral or cell mediated immune responses. About 5 per cent of the patients with natural infection and nearly 9 per cent of the vaccine recipients failed to develop both the responses. Frequent reinfection and carrier state, and lack of absolute protection following TAB vaccination could be due to the inability of a proportion of naturally infected and TAB vaccinated individuals to mount sufficient specific immune responses, due to the same mechanism.
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38
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Rao NS, Reddy MG. Studies on the synthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of new Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base derived from ninhydrin and glycine. Biol Met 1990; 3:19-23. [PMID: 2119197 DOI: 10.1007/bf01141172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been synthesized involving an intermediate Schiff base, indane-1,3-dione-2-imine-N-acetic acid the condensed product of ninhydrin and glycine. These coloured complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, thermogravimetric analyses/differential thermal analysis, infrared, magnetic susceptibility, NMR and electronic spectral studies. Mechanisms for their formation have been proposed. The experimental studies reveal that the complexes possess octahedral stereochemistry whereas the Schiff base behaves as a monobasic tridentate ligand. A molecular structure for the metal complexes is also proposed. A comparative study of the antimicrobial activity of ninhydrin and the corresponding metal complexes against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis has been undertaken and the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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39
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Rai RN, Gaur SD, Rao NS, Tiwari IC, Gupta VM, Reddy DC, Garg V, Joshi RD, Dutta KK. An action research in the delivery of primary health care through community based distribution. J Commun Dis 1989; 21:368-70. [PMID: 2638384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Abstract
The ultrastructural disposition of intra-arterially administered adriamycin-associated magnetic albumin microspheres has been investigated. The rat tail was used as the target organ and demarcated into the following three parts: T1, the injection site; T2, the target site; and T3, the posttarget site. Adriamycin HCl (2.0 mg/kg) was administered via the carrier through a cannula fixed at T1. The target site, T2, was exposed to a magnetic field of 8000 G for 30 min postdosing. Animals were sacrificed at scheduled time intervals over a 72-h period, and the tissue samples from T2 were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed that microspheres traverse the vascular endothelium of the target tissue as early as 2 h after dosing. Gradual loss of tissue organization and cellular components, as a function of drug exposure time, demonstrated that the pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drug are not altered by its entrapment and delivery via the magnetic microspheres. The study confirms second-order drug targeting in the target tissue of healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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41
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Shivaji S, Rao NS, Saisree L, Sheth V, Reddy GS, Bhargava PM. Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas spp. from Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. Appl Environ Microbiol 1989; 55:767-70. [PMID: 2930174 PMCID: PMC184196 DOI: 10.1128/aem.55.3.767-770.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten cultures of Pseudomonas spp. were established from soil samples collected in and around a lake in Antarctica. Based on their morphology, biochemical and physiological characteristics, and moles percent G + C of their DNA, they were identified as P. fluorescens, P. putida, and P. syringae. This is the first report on the identification of Pseudomonas spp. from continental Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shivaji
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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42
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Srivastava PK, Rao NS, Bhargava PM. A "bit" of the cell wall may be needed to make more of it in yeast. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1988; 25:601-4. [PMID: 3076582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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Satpathy SK, Tandon J, Rao NS, Tewari IC, Marwah SM. Primary Health Centre staff time utilization pattern. Indian J Public Health 1988; 32:177-84. [PMID: 3271766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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44
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Rao PS, Asheervadam Y, Khaleelullah M, Rao NS, Murray RD. Hymexelsin, an Apiose-Containing Scopoletin Glycoside from the Stem Bark of Hymenodictyon excelsum. J Nat Prod 1988; 51:959-961. [PMID: 21401191 DOI: 10.1021/np50059a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Chari
- Department of Neurology, D.C. General Hospital, Washington 20003
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46
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Dash RJ, Rao NS, Sriprakash ML, Sialy R. Dynamics of growth hormone secretion in untreated acromegaly. J Assoc Physicians India 1987; 35:341-3. [PMID: 3121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rao NS, Sriprakash ML, Dash RJ. Primary juvenile hypothyroidism with precocious puberty, galactorrhoea and multicystic ovaries. J Assoc Physicians India 1987; 35:161-3. [PMID: 3693275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Baradi AF, Heslop JH, Rao NS. Peritoneal fine structure of inguinal hernia: a scanning electron microscope study. Histol Histopathol 1986; 1:89-92. [PMID: 2980105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelial cells of the normal human peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall are covered with numerous surface microvilli. These cells become partially denuded inside the sacs of direct and indirect inguinal hernias and so lose the protective property the microvillar covering may impart on them. These mesothelial cells of hernial sacs also acquire an extensive surface coat of fibrin-like material, presumably due to the loss of that protective property, which may as a result subject them to adhesions. There is a considerable collagen build-up in the subserosal fibrous tissue of sacs of both direct and indirect inguinal hernias. Such a build-up is at variance with the accepted current surgical concept which suggests a defect in collagen synthesis, rather than a build-up, as the cause of direct hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Baradi
- Department of Anatomy, Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
LH and FSH responses to intravenous bolus GnRH were evaluated in healthy men and women and in patients with various hypothalmo-pituitary disorders. Higher LH FSH responses to GnRH were recorded. In prepubertal girls FSH responses were higher than those of LH; however, while FSH responses remained unaltered through pubertal development stages 2-5, there was a progressive increase in LH response during that period. GnRH test was marginally useful in diagnosis of delayed puberty but more so in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and true precocious puberty. In experimental hyperprolactinemia, GnRH induced a near normal LH response but caused an exaggerated FSH response, which was normalized after clomiphene treatment. GnRH test was found to be useful to assess pituitary reserve of gonadotropins in a variety of clinical situations involving hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis.
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Muralikrishna U, Krishnamurthy M, Rao NS. Analytical uses of charge-transfer complexes: determination of pure and dosage forms of piperazine. Analyst 1984; 109:1277-9. [PMID: 6524673 DOI: 10.1039/an9840901277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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