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Enns C, van Vliet N, Mbane J, Muhindo J, Nyumu J, Bersaglio B, Massé F, Cerutti PO, Nasi R. Vulnerability and coping strategies within wild meat trade networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Dev 2023; 170:106310. [PMID: 37312885 PMCID: PMC10213300 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measures adopted to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and economic shocks caused by the pandemic have affected food networks globally, including wild meat trade networks that support the livelihoods and food security of millions of people around the world. In this article, we examine how COVID-related shocks have affected the vulnerability and coping strategies of different actors along wild meat trade networks. Informed by 1,876 questionnaires carried out with wild meat hunters, traders, vendors, and consumers in Cameroon, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Guyana, the article presents qualitative evidence as to how COVID-19 impacted different segments of society involved in wild meat trade networks. Our findings largely align with McNamara et al. (2020) and Kamogne Tagne et al.'s (2022) causal model hypothesising how the impacts of the pandemic could lead to a change in local incentives for wild meat hunting in sub-Saharan African countries. Like McNamara et al. (2020) and Kamogne Tagne et al. (2022), we find that the pandemic reduced wild meat availability for wild meat actors in urban areas while increasing reliance on wild meat for subsistence purposes in rural areas. However, we find some impact pathways to be more relevant than others, and also incorporate additional impact pathways into the existing causal model. Based on our findings, we argue that wild meat serves as an important safety net in response to shocks for some actors in wild meat trade networks. We conclude by advocating for policies and development interventions that seek to improve the safety and sustainability of wild meat trade networks and protect access to wild meat as an environmental coping strategy during times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie van Vliet
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF)
| | - Joseph Mbane
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF)
| | - Jonas Muhindo
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF)
| | - Jonas Nyumu
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF)
| | | | | | - Paolo Omar Cerutti
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF)
| | - Robert Nasi
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF)
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van Vliet N, Muhindo J, Nyumu J, Enns C, Massé F, Bersaglio B, Cerutti P, Nasi R. Understanding Factors that Shape Exposure to Zoonotic and Food-Borne Diseases Across Wild Meat Trade Chains. Hum Ecol Interdiscip J 2022; 50:983-995. [PMID: 36408298 PMCID: PMC9644002 DOI: 10.1007/s10745-022-00361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The rise of zoonotic disease-related public health crises has sparked calls for policy action, including calls to close wildlife markets. Yet, these calls often reflect limited understanding of where, precisely, exposure to risk occurs along wildlife and wild meat trade chains. They also threaten to negatively impact food security and livelihoods. From a public health perspective, it is important to understand the practices that shape food safety all along the trade chain, resulting in meat that is either safe to eat or managed as a potential vector of pathogens. This article uses ethnographic methods to examine the steps that lead a wild animal from the forest to the plate of an urban consumer in Yangambi and Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Focusing on hunters, village-level consumers, transporters, market traders and urban consumers, we highlight specific practices that expose different actors involved in the trade chain to wild meat related health risks, including exposure to food borne illnesses from contaminated meat and zoonotic pathogens through direct contact with wild animals, and the local practices in place to reduce the same. We discuss interventions that could help prevent and mitigate zoonotic and food borne disease risks associated with wild meat trade chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie van Vliet
- Center for International Forestry Research/International Center for Research in Agro Forestry/International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jonas Muhindo
- Centre for International Forestry Research (DRC office), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jonas Nyumu
- Centre for International Forestry Research (DRC office), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Charis Enns
- Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Francis Massé
- Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Brock Bersaglio
- International Development Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paolo Cerutti
- Center for International Forestry Research/International Center for Research in Agro Forestry/International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Robert Nasi
- Center for International Forestry Research/International Center for Research in Agro Forestry/International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia
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Koster J, McElreath R, Hill K, Yu D, Shepard G, van Vliet N, Gurven M, Trumble B, Bird RB, Bird D, Codding B, Coad L, Pacheco-Cobos L, Winterhalder B, Lupo K, Schmitt D, Sillitoe P, Franzen M, Alvard M, Venkataraman V, Kraft T, Endicott K, Beckerman S, Marks SA, Headland T, Pangau-Adam M, Siren A, Kramer K, Greaves R, Reyes-García V, Guèze M, Duda R, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Gallois S, Napitupulu L, Ellen R, Ziker J, Nielsen MR, Ready E, Healey C, Ross C. The life history of human foraging: Cross-cultural and individual variation. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax9070. [PMID: 32637588 PMCID: PMC7314517 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human adaptation depends on the integration of slow life history, complex production skills, and extensive sociality. Refining and testing models of the evolution of human life history and cultural learning benefit from increasingly accurate measurement of knowledge, skills, and rates of production with age. We pursue this goal by inferring hunters' increases and declines of skill from approximately 23,000 hunting records generated by more than 1800 individuals at 40 locations. The data reveal an average age of peak productivity between 30 and 35 years of age, although high skill is maintained throughout much of adulthood. In addition, there is substantial variation both among individuals and sites. Within study sites, variation among individuals depends more on heterogeneity in rates of decline than in rates of increase. This analysis sharpens questions about the coevolution of human life history and cultural adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Koster
- Department of Anthropology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Human Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard McElreath
- Department of Human Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology and Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kim Hill
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Glenn Shepard
- Division of Human Sciences, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca Bliege Bird
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Douglas Bird
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Brian Codding
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lauren Coad
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Bruce Winterhalder
- Department of Anthropology and Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen Lupo
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dave Schmitt
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Paul Sillitoe
- Anthropology Department, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | - Michael Alvard
- Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kirk Endicott
- Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Stephen Beckerman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stuart A. Marks
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Thomas Headland
- Department of Anthropology, SIL International, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Margaretha Pangau-Adam
- Department of Conservation Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Biology Department–FMIPA, Cenderawasih University, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Anders Siren
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karen Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell Greaves
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maximilien Guèze
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romain Duda
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit Medical Anthropology and Ecology of Disease Emergence, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lucentezza Napitupulu
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roy Ellen
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - John Ziker
- Department of Anthropology, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Martin R. Nielsen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Elspeth Ready
- Department of Human Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Healey
- School of Culture, History and Language, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Cody Ross
- Department of Human Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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