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McGorry PD, Mei C, Amminger GP, Yuen HP, Kerr M, Spark J, Wallis N, Polari A, Baird S, Buccilli K, Dempsey SJA, Ferguson N, Formica M, Krcmar M, Quinn AL, Mebrahtu Y, Ruslins A, Street R, Wannan C, Dixon L, Carter C, Loewy R, Niendam TA, Shumway M, Nelson B. A Sequential Adaptive Intervention Strategy Targeting Remission and Functional Recovery in Young People at Ultrahigh Risk of Psychosis: The Staged Treatment in Early Psychosis (STEP) Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:875-885. [PMID: 37378974 PMCID: PMC10308298 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance Clinical trials have not established the optimal type, sequence, and duration of interventions for people at ultrahigh risk of psychosis. Objective To determine the effectiveness of a sequential and adaptive intervention strategy for individuals at ultrahigh risk of psychosis. Design, Setting, and Participants The Staged Treatment in Early Psychosis (STEP) sequential multiple assignment randomized trial took place within the clinical program at Orygen, Melbourne, Australia. Individuals aged 12 to 25 years who were seeking treatment and met criteria for ultrahigh risk of psychosis according to the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States were recruited between April 2016 and January 2019. Of 1343 individuals considered, 342 were recruited. Interventions Step 1: 6 weeks of support and problem solving (SPS); step 2: 20 weeks of cognitive-behavioral case management (CBCM) vs SPS; and step 3: 26 weeks of CBCM with fluoxetine vs CBCM with placebo with an embedded fast-fail option of ω-3 fatty acids or low-dose antipsychotic medication. Individuals who did not remit progressed through these steps; those who remitted received SPS or monitoring for up to 12 months. Main Outcomes and Measures Global Functioning: Social and Role scales (primary outcome), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, quality of life, transition to psychosis, and remission and relapse rates. Results The sample comprised 342 participants (198 female; mean [SD] age, 17.7 [3.1] years). Remission rates, reflecting sustained symptomatic and functional improvement, were 8.5%, 10.3%, and 11.4% at steps 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A total of 27.2% met remission criteria at any step. Relapse rates among those who remitted did not significantly differ between SPS and monitoring (step 1: 65.1% vs 58.3%; step 2: 37.7% vs 47.5%). There was no significant difference in functioning, symptoms, and transition rates between SPS and CBCM and between CBCM with fluoxetine and CBCM with placebo. Twelve-month transition rates to psychosis were 13.5% (entire sample), 3.3% (those who ever remitted), and 17.4% (those with no remission). Conclusions and Relevance In this sequential multiple assignment randomized trial, transition rates to psychosis were moderate, and remission rates were lower than expected, partly reflecting the ambitious criteria set and challenges with real-world treatment fidelity and adherence. While all groups showed mild to moderate functional and symptomatic improvement, this was typically short of remission. While further adaptive trials that address these challenges are needed, findings confirm substantial and sustained morbidity and reveal relatively poor responsiveness to existing treatments. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02751632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristina Mei
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. Paul Amminger
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Kerr
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Spark
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicky Wallis
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Polari
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen Specialist Program, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shelley Baird
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Buccilli
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane A. Dempsey
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Ferguson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Formica
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marija Krcmar
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amelia L. Quinn
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yohannes Mebrahtu
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arlan Ruslins
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebekah Street
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Wannan
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Cameron Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento
| | - Rachel Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Tara A. Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento
| | - Martha Shumway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kucia-Tran J, Bevan L, Chessari G, Fazal L, Ferrari N, Lyons J, Saini H, Wallis N, Ward G, Ahn M. Low SKP2 expression is predictive of sensitivity to an MDM2 antagonist in p53 wild-type AML. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hindley C, Biondo A, Brothwood J, Dao K, Kandola N, Lyons J, Nakatsuru Y, Smyth T, Wagner S, Wallis N, Hearn K. A combination vertical inhibition approach with inhibitors of SHP2 and ERK provides improved activity in KRAS-mutant pancreatic and colorectal cancer models. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Singh A, Singh V, Wallis N, Elimelech O, Oberman F, Ramos A, Yisraeli J, Spiegelman V, Sharma A. Development of a Novel IGF2BP1 Inhibitor as Metastasis-Specific Therapeutic Agent. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hartmann JA, Nelson B, Amminger GP, Spark J, Yuen HP, Kerr MJ, Polari A, Wallis N, Blasioli J, Dixon L, Carter C, Loewy R, Niendam TA, Shumway M, McGorry PD. Baseline data of a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (STEP study). Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:1130-1142. [PMID: 35098659 PMCID: PMC9795376 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Research has shown that preventative intervention in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR) improves symptomatic and functional outcomes. The staged treatment in early psychosis (STEP) trial aims to determine the most effective type, timing and sequence of interventions in the UHR population by sequentially studying the effectiveness of (1) support and problem solving, (2) cognitive-behavioural case management and (3) antidepressant medication with an embedded fast-fail option of (4) omega-3 fatty acids or low-dose antipsychotic medication. This paper presents the recruitment flow and baseline clinical characteristics of the sample. METHODS STEP is a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. We present the baseline demographics, clinical characteristics and acceptability and feasibility of this treatment approach as indicated by the flow of participants from first contact up until enrolment into the trial. Recruitment took place between April 2016 and January 2019. RESULTS Of 1343, help-seeking young people who were considered for participation, 402 participants were not eligible and 599 declined/disengaged, resulting in a total of 342 participants enrolled in the study. The most common reason for exclusion was an active prescription of antidepressant medication. Eighty-five percent of the enrolled sample had a non-psychotic DSM-5 diagnosis and symptomatic/functional measures showed a moderate level of clinical severity and functional impairment. DISCUSSION The present study demonstrates the acceptability and participant's general positive appraisal of sequential treatment. It also shows, in line with other trials in UHR individuals, a significant level of psychiatric morbidity and impairment, demonstrating the clear need for care in this group and that treatment is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hartmann
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - G. Paul Amminger
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Jessica Spark
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Melissa J. Kerr
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Andrea Polari
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Nicky Wallis
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Julie Blasioli
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
| | - Lisa Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Cameron Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Rachel Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tara A. Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Martha Shumway
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Patrick D. McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne
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Munck J, Berdini V, Courtin A, East C, Heightman T, Hindley C, Kucia-Tran J, Lyons J, Martins V, Muench S, Murray C, Norton D, O’Reilly M, Reader M, Rees D, Rich S, Thompson N, Wilsher N, Woolford A, Wallis N. The clinical candidate, ASTX029, is a novel, dual mechanism ERK1/2 inhibitor and has potent activity in MAPK-activated cancer cell lines and in vivo tumor models. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)31218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smyth T, Brothwood J, Fazal L, Hearn K, Hindley C, Johnson C, Jones M, Kandola N, Lyons J, Martins V, Miyadera K, Muench S, Munck J, Nakatsuru Y, Ochiiwa H, Saini H, Shah A, Wagner S, Wilsher N, Wallis N. Combined inhibition of SHP2 and ERK enhances anti-tumour effects in preclinical models. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)31194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nelson B, Amminger GP, Yuen HP, Wallis N, Kerr MJ, Dixon L, Carter C, Loewy R, Niendam TA, Shumway M, Morris S, Blasioli J, McGorry PD. Staged Treatment in Early Psychosis: A sequential multiple assignment randomised trial of interventions for ultra high risk of psychosis patients. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:292-306. [PMID: 28719151 PMCID: PMC6054879 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous research indicates that preventive intervention is likely to benefit patients "at risk" of psychosis, in terms of functional improvement, symptom reduction and delay or prevention of onset of threshold psychotic disorder. The primary aim of the current study is to test outcomes of ultra high risk (UHR) patients, primarily functional outcome, in response to a sequential intervention strategy consisting of support and problem solving (SPS), cognitive-behavioural case management and antidepressant medication. A secondary aim is to test biological and psychological variables that moderate and mediate response to this sequential treatment strategy. METHODS This is a sequential multiple assignment randomised trial (SMART) consisting of three steps: Step 1: SPS (1.5 months); Step 2: SPS vs Cognitive Behavioural Case Management (4.5 months); Step 3: Cognitive Behavioural Case Management + Antidepressant Medication vs Cognitive Behavioural Case Management + Placebo (6 months). The intervention is of 12 months duration in total and participants will be followed up at 18 months and 24 months post baseline. CONCLUSION This paper reports on the rationale and protocol of the Staged Treatment in Early Psychosis (STEP) study. With a large sample of 500 UHR participants this study will investigate the most effective type and sequence of treatments for improving functioning and reducing the risk of developing psychotic disorder in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. Paul Amminger
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicky Wallis
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Kerr
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Cameron Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Rachel Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tara A. Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Martha Shumway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah Morris
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Blasioli
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick D. McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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le Coutre PD, Hughes TP, Mahon FX, Kim DW, Steegmann JL, Shah NP, Gooden K, Wallis N, Cortes JE. Low incidence of peripheral arterial disease in patients receiving dasatinib in clinical trials. Leukemia 2016; 30:1593-6. [PMID: 26686247 PMCID: PMC4935977 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P D le Coutre
- Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T P Hughes
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F-X Mahon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Hématologie et Service des Maladies du Sang, Bordeaux et Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - D-W Kim
- Division of Hematology, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J L Steegmann
- Department of Hematology and IIS-IP, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - N P Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Gooden
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - N Wallis
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J E Cortes
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Keer H, Smyth T, Courtin A, Hearn K, Lyons J, Wallis N, Oganesian A, Azab M. Combination of HSP90 inhibitor onalespib with crizotinib to treat or delay resistance in NSCLC: Preclinical and Clinical Investigations. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv081.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Courtin A, Smyth A, Hearn K, Martins V, Lewis J, Thompson N, Lyons J, Wallis N. 518 The HSP90 inhibitor, AT13387, overcomes resistance to crizotinib and second generation ALK inhibitors. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tedder RS, Tuke P, Wallis N, Wright M, Nicholson L, Grant PR. Therapy-induced clearance of HCV core antigen from plasma predicts an end of treatment viral response. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:65-71. [PMID: 23231086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2012.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During viral assembly, viral proteins are released into plasma and can be used to infer viral load. The Architect hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (Ag) assay is a potential alternative to HCV RNA quantification for measuring response to therapy and predicting an end of treatment viral response (EOTR). The HCVp22Ag assay was used to infer viral load in 68 window RNA-containing samples and in 284 samples from baseline to week 14 of ribavirin/interferon treatment in 23 patients with EOTR including three who relapsed, 20 not achieving EOTR and 11 controls. HCV Ag and RNA correlated well (r = 0.86) with linear dose responses on dilution. In patients on therapy and control patients, plasma HCV antigen was detected in 51 of 54 with an interpolated LOD cut off between 10(3) and 10(4) RNA IU/mL. Plasma HCV antigenaemia and plasma RNA levels were significantly different in EOTR from non-EOTR patients at 3 days after treatment start and all times thereafter. Positive and negative EOTR predictive values for HCV RNA >2 log drop and HCV Ag loss at 12 weeks were 70% and 74%, 85% and 93% respectively. HCV Ag reactivity has a linear dose response independent of genotype and correlates well with HCV RNA. The failure to clear HCV Ag is as accurate as the failure to clear HCV RNA at twelve weeks into therapy in predicting the likelihood of failure to achieve EOTR. HCV Ag potentially offers a convenient alternative to RNA measurement for defining a futility flag in HCV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Tedder
- Virus Reference Department, Health Protection Agency, London, UK.
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Lyons J, Smyth T, Curry J, Fletcher J, Wallis N, Thompson N. 9407 ORAL AT13387, a Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor in a Phase I Study Exhibits Potent Activity in GIST Models. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wallis N, Bulanhagui CA, Dorazio PC, Healey DI, Marshall MA, Liang JQ, Pavlov D, Gomez-Navarro J. Safety of tremelimumab (CP-675,206) in patients (pts) with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tinwell H, Haseman J, Lefevre PA, Wallis N, Ashby J. Normal sexual development of two strains of rat exposed in utero to low doses of bisphenol A. Toxicol Sci 2002; 68:339-48. [PMID: 12151630 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/68.2.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Alderley Park (Wistar derived) rats were exposed by gavage during gestation days 6-21 to 20 microg/kg, 100 microg/kg, or 50 mg/kg body weight of BPA with ethinylestradiol (EE; 200 microg/kg) acting as a positive control agent. The sexual development of the derived pups was monitored until termination at postnatal day 90-98. The endpoints evaluated were litter size and weight, anogenital distance at birth, days of vaginal opening, first estrus and prepuce separation, weights of the liver, seminal vesicles, epididimydes, testes, ventral prostate, uterus, vagina, cervix and ovaries, and daily sperm production. Males were terminated at postnatal day 90 and females at postnatal day 98. The only statistically significant effects observed for any dose of BPA were a decrease in daily sperm production and an increase in the age of vaginal opening for the Alderley Park animals at the highest dose evaluated (50 mg/kg). The dose of EE evaluated proved to be maternally toxic in our laboratory, but provided gross evidence of endocrine disruption in the treated dams. These results diverge from those of Chahoud and his colleagues who indicated disturbances to the sexual development of both male and female SD rat pups administered the same 3 doses of BPA. This failure to confirm low dose endocrine effects for BPA is discussed within the context of similar divergent conclusions derived from other assessments of the endocrine toxicity of this agent to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tinwell
- Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TJ, United Kingdom
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Ashby J, Lefevre PA, Deghenghi R, Wallis N. Replacement of surgical castration by GnRH-inhibition or Leydig cell ablation in the male rat Hershberger antiandrogen assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2001; 34:188-203. [PMID: 11603962 DOI: 10.1006/rtph.2001.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An obstacle to the widespread adoption of the Hershberger antiandrogen assay is the surgical castration procedure required to produce androgen deficiency in the test animals. Here we describe two chemical treatments that produce similar effects to surgical castration. The first is use of ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS), a specific toxin to the testosterone-producing Leydig cells of the mature testes. The second class of compound is the decapeptide inhibitors of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), compounds such as Antarelix and Antide. Administration of either EDS or the GnRH inhibitors results in loss of weight of the testes, epididymides, and sex-associated tissues. Co-administration of testosterone to these animals leads to reversal of the induced effects. The basic test protocol for both of these assay modifications is described. Flutamide was used as a representative potent antiandrogen, and DDE as an example of a weakly active antiandrogen. The 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride was used to inhibit the transformation of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. It is shown that the EDS assay is sensitive to the antiandrogen flutamide, but that it fails to detect the weaker antiandrogen DDE. In contrast, the Antarelix assay performs as well as does the classical castration assay, leading to the detection as antiandrogens of flutamide, DDE, and finasteride. It is concluded that the GnRH inhibition Hershberger assay is more convenient to conduct than the original surgical castration assay, and it involves less stress to the test animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ashby
- Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TJ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to compare the effects of meloxicam and piroxicam on the gastroduodenal mucosa in healthy adults. METHODS Forty-four healthy volunteers were given a 28 day course of either meloxicam 15 mg, piroxicam 20 mg or placebo. Damage to the oesophageal, gastric and duodenal mucosa was assessed, mucosal blood flow (MBF) measured at endoscopy and biopsies taken for prostaglandin content and microscopic assessment of damage before NSAID administration and during days 1, 7 and 28 of continued intake. RESULTS Maximal macroscopic gastric mucosal damage (median grade+IQR) occurred within 24 h of piroxicam administration, the damage score increasing from 0 to 2.5 (0-3) (P=0.02) at day 1 before falling to 2.0 (0-2) at day 7 and 0 (0-1) at day 28 with resolution of damage observed in six out of the seven subjects who sustained acute injury. No significant macroscopic gastric damage occurred in either of the two other groups although some minor damage was observed in seven subjects taking placebo and five taking meloxicam. There was a trend towards piroxicam causing more acute gastric damage than meloxicam (P=0.06). Baseline antral, body and duodenal MBF were similar in all three groups. No significant changes occurred in any of the groups on any of the visits. There were also no changes in gastric mucosal prostaglandin content in any group. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that meloxicam causes little acute damage to the upper gastrointestinal tract and piroxicam causes some acute gastric injury but such damage resolves in most subjects by 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Lipscomb
- Department of Medicine, North Manchester General Hospital
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18
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Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether H. pylori influences gastric mucosal injury and adaptation caused by naproxen. Twenty-four healthy volunteers, 12 H. pylori-positive and 12 H. pylori-negative, were given a 28-day course of naproxen 500 mg twice a day. They were each gastroscoped to assess gastric mucosal damage and mucosal blood flow before and at 1, 7, and 28 days during treatment. Maximal gastric mucosal damage (median grade + IQR) occurred during the first 24 hr in both groups and was of similar magnitude (H. pylori-positive: 2.5, 2.0-3.0 P < 0.01; H. pylori-negative: 2.0, 1.0-3.0 P < 0.01). This damage was associated with a fall in antral but not corpus mucosal blood flow. With continued NSAID administration, gastric damage resolved confirming adaptation (H. pylori-positive 1.0, 0-2.0, H. pylori-negative: 1.0, 0-1.0) and antral mucosal blood flow returned to baseline in both groups by day 28. These observations suggest that initial gastric mucosal injury is not influenced by H. pylori colonization and adaptation occurs regardless of its presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Lipscomb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) frequently cause damage to the gastroduodenal mucosa, principally by suppressing mucosal prostaglandin synthesis. However, such acute mucosal injury usually resolves, despite continued NSAID administration, by a process known as adaptation. Newer NSAIDs, such as etodolac, have been developed to minimize effects on prostaglandin synthesis. AIM To determine whether etodolac causes less acute damage than naproxen, and whether the damage produced resolves with continued NSAID administration. METHODS Twenty-four healthy volunteers were given a 28-day course of either etodolac 300 mg b.d. or naproxen 500 mg b.d. Gastroduodenal damage was assessed using a modified Lanza scoring system and mucosal blood flow with laser doppler flowmetry at endoscopy before NSAID administration and during days 1, 7 and 28 of continued intake. RESULTS Maximum gastric damage (median grade and interquartile range, IQR) occurred during the first 24 h of administration, being greater with naproxen (2.0, IQR 1.0-3.0) than etodolac (1.0, IQR 1.0-1.5; P = 0.03). Such damage was associated with a fall in antral blood flow in the naproxen group (mean +/- S.E.M.) from 54.5 +/- 3.4 to 43.8 +/- 3.4 arbitrary units (P = 0.07) and a slight increase in mucosal blood flow in the etodolac group from 43.5 +/- 2.24 to 49.5 +/- 3.6 arbitrary units. With continued intake this damage resolved in all subjects taking etodolac and in eight of 14 subjects on naproxen. Resolution in the naproxen group was associated with a return to normal of antral blood flow. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that etodolac causes less mucosal damage than naproxen and that adaptation occurs to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Lipscomb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Salford Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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20
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Abstract
To present short protein sequences to the host immune system a foreign epitope has been expressed on the surface of the adenovirus virion as part of the hexon. As the trimeric hexon constitutes 240 out of the 252 capsomers of the virus, the foreign epitope is repeated 720 times on the virion surface. An eight amino acid sequence from the major antigenic site in the VP1 capsid protein of poliovirus type 3 was engineered into two regions of the adenovirus type 2 hexon. The two loop regions chosen to accommodate the foreign sequences are exposed on the surface of the virion, show sequence variation between serotypes and are the sites of interaction with neutralizing antibodies. Virus with substitutions in loop I had wild-type growth characteristics, whereas virus with substitutions in loop II grew poorly. Adenoviruses with poliovirus sequences in loop I were recognized and efficiently neutralized by antisera specific for the poliovirus sequence; an antiserum raised against the adenovirus with the poliovirus insert specifically recognized the VP1 capsid protein of poliovirus type 3. It is therefore feasible to alter the surface properties of the adenovirus virion and in doing so to manipulate the immune response to this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crompton
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological and Medical Sciences, University of St Andrews, Fife, U.K
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21
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Haffner AN, Orzack L, Classé J, Bleything W, Wallis N, Kleinstein R. Symposium: the impact of "Europe '92" on optometric licensure and certification and the delivery of optometric care and services. Introduction. Optom Vis Sci 1990; 67:863-85. [PMID: 2082234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A N Haffner
- State College of Optometry, State University of New York, New York
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22
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Wallis N. Optometry in 1976--like the old country in 1948. J Am Optom Assoc 1976; 47:133-4. [PMID: 1027775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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