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van der Zander QEW, Schreuder RM, Thijssen A, Kusters CHJ, Dehghani N, Scheeve T, Winkens B, van der Ende - van Loon MCM, de With PHN, van der Sommen F, Masclee AAM, Schoon EJ. Artificial intelligence for characterization of diminutive colorectal polyps: A feasibility study comparing two computer-aided diagnosis systems. Artif Intell Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 5:90574. [DOI: 10.37126/aige.v5.i1.90574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) has potential in the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps.
AIM To evaluate the feasibility of the real-time use of the computer-aided diagnosis system (CADx) AI for ColoRectal Polyps (AI4CRP) for the optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps and to compare the performance with CAD EYETM (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan). CADx influence on the optical diagnosis of an expert endoscopist was also investigated.
METHODS AI4CRP was developed in-house and CAD EYE was proprietary software provided by Fujifilm. Both CADx-systems exploit convolutional neural networks. Colorectal polyps were characterized as benign or premalignant and histopathology was used as gold standard. AI4CRP provided an objective assessment of its characterization by presenting a calibrated confidence characterization value (range 0.0-1.0). A predefined cut-off value of 0.6 was set with values < 0.6 indicating benign and values ≥ 0.6 indicating premalignant colorectal polyps. Low confidence characterizations were defined as values 40% around the cut-off value of 0.6 (< 0.36 and > 0.76). Self-critical AI4CRP’s diagnostic performances excluded low confidence characterizations.
RESULTS AI4CRP use was feasible and performed on 30 patients with 51 colorectal polyps. Self-critical AI4CRP, excluding 14 low confidence characterizations [27.5% (14/51)], had a diagnostic accuracy of 89.2%, sensitivity of 89.7%, and specificity of 87.5%, which was higher compared to AI4CRP. CAD EYE had a 83.7% diagnostic accuracy, 74.2% sensitivity, and 100.0% specificity. Diagnostic performances of the endoscopist alone (before AI) increased non-significantly after reviewing the CADx characterizations of both AI4CRP and CAD EYE (AI-assisted endoscopist). Diagnostic performances of the AI-assisted endoscopist were higher compared to both CADx-systems, except for specificity for which CAD EYE performed best.
CONCLUSION Real-time use of AI4CRP was feasible. Objective confidence values provided by a CADx is novel and self-critical AI4CRP showed higher diagnostic performances compared to AI4CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirine Eunice Wennie van der Zander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6202 AZ, Netherlands
- GROW, School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, Netherlands
| | - Ramon M Schreuder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven 5602 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Ayla Thijssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6202 AZ, Netherlands
- GROW, School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, Netherlands
| | - Carolus H J Kusters
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Nikoo Dehghani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Thom Scheeve
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
- School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, Netherlands
| | | | - Peter H N de With
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Fons van der Sommen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6202 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Erik J Schoon
- GROW, School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven 5602 ZA, Netherlands
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Balint B, Guerreiro R, Carmona S, Dehghani N, Latorre A, Cordivari C, Bhatia KP, Bras J. KCNN2 mutation in autosomal-dominant tremulous myoclonus-dystonia. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1471-1477. [PMID: 32212350 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite recent advances in neurogenetics that have facilitated the identification of a number of dystonia genes, many familial dystonia syndromes remain without known cause. The aim of the study was to identify the cause of autosomal dominant tremulous myoclonus-dystonia in a UK kindred with affected individuals in three generations. METHODS Known genetic causes of myoclonus-dystonia were excluded. We combined clinical and electrophysiological phenotyping with whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify candidate causal variants in a family with tremulous myoclonus-dystonia. RESULTS The core phenotype consisted of childhood-onset dystonia predominantly affecting hands and neck, with a fast tremor with superimposed myoclonus and, in some individuals, subtle cerebellar signs. We identified a novel missense variant in potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2 (KCNN2) [NM_021614:c.1112G>A:p.(Gly371Glu)], which was the only variant that we were able to identify as segregating with the phenotype over three generations. This variant, which is absent from the most recent version of gnomAD, was predicted to be deleterious by SIFT and PolyPhen-2 and had an overall CADD score of 29.7. CONCLUSIONS KCNN2, a member of the KCNN family of potassium channel genes, is highly conserved across species and in humans is highly expressed in the brain, particularly the cerebellum. KCNN2 mutations have never been described as pathological in human disease, but are recognized abnormalities in two rodent models of fast, jerky tremor. Segregation, absence of the variant in the normal population and in-silico prediction of a deleterious effect together with animal models compatible with the clinical phenotype are all in line with KCNN2 mutations being a plausible cause underlying myoclonus-dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Guerreiro
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - S Carmona
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - N Dehghani
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - A Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Cordivari
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - K P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J Bras
- Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Jafarian M, Pourdanesh F, Esmaeelinejad M, Dehghani N, Aghdashi F, Tabrizi R. Assessment of compression and strength of divergent screws mounted on miniplates for fixation of mandibular fractures: an in vitro experimental study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:613-7. [PMID: 25921364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient band of tension is critical for the adequate fixation of mandibular fractures, so fixation devices that compress are helpful. We aimed to evaluate the possibility of creating compression using screws inserted divergently into miniplates placed in the tension zone of mandibular fractures and record the effects on the strength of fixation. For this in vitro experimental study we prepared 20 sheep hemimandibles. After angle fractures had been created, the specimens were divided into standard and study groups (n=10 in each). In the standard group the tension zones were fixed in the standard manner with 4-hole miniplates and 4 parallel screws. Those in the study group were fixed as for the standard group but with 4×45° divergent screws. The differences in the gap in the fracture line before and after fixation were measured as indicators of compression. The strength of fixation was also assessed with a universal testing machine in vitro. The amount of compression was significant only in the study group (p<0.001), and there was no difference in the strength of fixation between the two groups (p=0.7). We conclude that divergent drilling and insertion of screws creates more horizontal force when miniplates are used, and results in reduction in the size of the probable gap in the fracture line. Insertion of divergent screws in miniplates may create compression between fractured segments without jeopardising the strength of fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jafarian
- Associate professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental school, Dental Research Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Pourdanesh
- Associate professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental school, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Esmaeelinejad
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental school, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Dehghani
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental school, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Aghdashi
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental school, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - R Tabrizi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental school, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moallem S, Dehghani N, Mehri S, Shahsavand S, Alibolandi M, Hadizadeh F. Synthesis of novel 1,8-acridinediones derivatives: Investigation of MDR reversibility on breast cancer cell lines T47D and tamoxifen-resistant T47D. Res Pharm Sci 2015; 10:214-21. [PMID: 26600848 PMCID: PMC4621628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi drug resistance (MDR) is a serious obstacle in the management of breast cancer. Therefore, overcoming MDR using novel anticancer agents is a top priority for medicinal chemists. It was found that dihydropyridines lacking calcium antagonistic activity (e.g acridinediones) possess MDR modifier potency. In this study, the capability of four novel acridine-1,8-diones derivatives 3a-d were evaluated as MDR reversing agents. In addition, the relationship between structural properties and biological effects of synthesized compounds was discussed. In vitro cytotoxicity of acridine-1,8-diones 3a-d derivatives in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) on T47D and tomoxifen-resistant T47D (TAMR-6) breast cancer cell lines were investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Drug resistant index (DRI), which is equal to the ratio of IC50 in drug-resistant cells over IC50 in drug-sensitive cells, was calculated for each substance. Flowcytometry experiments were also implemented to distinguish cells undergoing apoptosis from those undergoing necrosis. The results from MTT and flowcytometry experiments indicated that 1 nM 3c derivative along with DOX significantly (P<0.05) increased the DOX cytotoxicity in T47D and TAMR-6 breast cancer cell lines. Synthesized compounds 3a and 3b also at concentrations of 1 nM with DOX significantly increased the cytotoxicity of DOX on T47D and TAMR-6 breast cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, 3d derivative with DOX did not exhibit good synergistic effect on cytotoxic activity of DOX, and slightly increased DOX cytotoxicity in both cell lines. Our results proposed that 3c may be an attractive lead compound for further development as a chemotherapeutic agent for MDR breast cancer therapy in combination with routine chemotherapeutic agents such as DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Moallem
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran,Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - N. Dehghani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - S. Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Sh. Shahsavand
- Department of Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I.R. Iran
| | - M. Alibolandi
- Biotechnology Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - F. Hadizadeh
- Biotechnology Research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran,Corresponding author: F. Hadizadeh Tel: 0098 511 7112420, Fax: 0098 511 7112470
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Esmaili H, Ghayoyr-mobarhan M, Azimi-Nezhad M, Dehghani N, Alavizadeh H. SERUM LEVEL OFC-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN SUBJECTS WITH METSABOLIC SYNDROME, HYPERTENSION, AND DIABETES TYPE 2 IN IRANIAN SAMPLE POPULATION. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)71078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Altamimi S, Robertson G, Jastaniah W, Davey A, Dehghani N, Chen R, Colbourne LKM. 375 SINGLE DOSE ORAL DEXAMETHASONE IN THE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH EXACERBATION OF MILD TO MODERATE ASTHMA. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dehghani N, Najafi AH, Kharazi HH. Effect of mental imagery duration on functional brain mapping: an fMRI study. Brain Cogn 2004; 54:166-8. [PMID: 15025055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Dehghani
- Radiology Department, Hazrat-e-Rasool General Hospital, Iran
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Tahernia AC, Rezai HR, Sharif H, Gettner S, Dehghani N. Streptococcal pharyngeal infection carrier rates in schoolchildren in Shiraz. Trop Geogr Med 1972; 24:265-8. [PMID: 4636101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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