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Chaffin AT, Larson KR, Huang KP, Wu CT, Godoroja N, Fang Y, Jayakrishnan D, Soto Sauza KA, Sims LC, Mohajerani N, Goodson ML, Ryan KK. FGF21 controls hepatic lipid metabolism via sex-dependent interorgan crosstalk. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155848. [PMID: 35998055 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver regulates energy partitioning and utilization in a sex-dependent manner, coupling hepatic substrate availability to female reproductive status. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a hepatokine produced in response to metabolic stress that adaptively directs systemic metabolism and substrate utilization to reduce hepatic lipid storage. Here we report that FGF21 alters hepatic transcriptional and metabolic responses, and reduces liver triglycerides, in a sex-dependent manner. FGF21 decreased hepatic triglycerides in obese male mice in a weight loss-independent manner; this was abrogated among female littermates. The effect of FGF21 on hepatosteatosis is thought to derive, in part, from increased adiponectin secretion. Accordingly, plasma adiponectin and its upstream adrenergic receptor --> cAMP --> EPAC1 signaling pathway was stimulated by FGF21 in males and inhibited in females. Both ovariectomized and reproductively senescent, old females responded to FGF21 treatment by decreasing body weight, but liver triglycerides and adiponectin remained unchanged. Thus, the benefit of FGF21 treatment for improving hepatosteatosis depends on sex, but not on a functional female reproductive system. Because FGF21 provides a downstream mechanism contributing to several metabolic interventions, and given its direct clinical importance, these findings may have broad implications for the targeted application of nutritional and pharmacological treatments for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki T Chaffin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Karlton R Larson
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Kuei-Pin Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Chih-Ting Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Nadejda Godoroja
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Yanbin Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Devi Jayakrishnan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Karla A Soto Sauza
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Landon C Sims
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Niloufar Mohajerani
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Michael L Goodson
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America
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Abstract
The acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, has had unprecedented impact on orthodontic care and education. Dental schools and clinics have stopped their normal educational and clinical activities worldwide, while only accepting emergency cases. It is still unknown when students will return to clinics to resume patient care and receive training. This scoping review aims to examine, summarize, and reference current resources to analyze the impact of SARSCoV-2 on orthodontic practice recommendations and orthodontic education. This review summarizes recommended global guidelines to provide a better understanding of the current consensus for protocols of safe orthodontic care; this scoping review serves to help create concrete guidelines for orthodontists to deal with the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and for future infectious diseases, and assessing the impact on orthodontic education. Using inclusion/exclusion criteria, 456 articles were screened by two independent screeners and data were extracted and charted from 50 relevant sources. These 50 sources conveyed similar guidelines for provider and patient safety in orthodontic practices, with some stressing certain protocols such as personal protective equipment over others. Impacts on orthodontic education conveyed changes in protocols for learning, competency, and clinical skills. As this respiratory illness progresses, the field of orthodontics needs cohesive universal clinical guidelines and further assessment of the impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on orthodontic education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnel Azizollahi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States,
| | - Niloufar Mohajerani
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States,
| | - Chung H. Kau
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States,
| | - Min-Lin Fang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States,
| | - Snehlata Oberoi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States,
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Mohajerani N, Chan KH, Yang VB, Fried D, Darling CL. The contrast of demineralization on tooth occlusal surfaces from 405 to 1950-nm with varying depth. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2019; 10857:108570O. [PMID: 30923417 PMCID: PMC6434518 DOI: 10.1117/12.2512941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) is a new imaging technology that detects dental caries (decay) on tooth occlusal surfaces and in the interproximal contact sites between teeth. Conventional techniques, mostly dental x-rays, do not provide the high sensitivity and specificity at the vulnerable pits and fissure regions. The contrast of demineralization on tooth surfaces changes with increasing severity and the magnitude of that change with depth depends on the wavelength. The purpose of this study is to determine how the contrast changes with depth as a function of wavelength. Demineralization of varying depth was produced in 1.5 × 1.5 mm exposed windows after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days of exposure to a demineralizing solution at pH 4.5. Lesions were imaged at 405, 630, 850, 1300, 1460, 1535, 1675, and 1950-nm with multiple imaging systems. The highest lesion contrast was measured at 1950-nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth H Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Vincent B Yang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Daniel Fried
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
| | - Cynthia L Darling
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0758
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Larson KR, Russo KA, Fang Y, Mohajerani N, Goodson ML, Ryan KK. Sex Differences in the Hormonal and Metabolic Response to Dietary Protein Dilution. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3477-3487. [PMID: 28938440 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet induces a striking increase in circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), which is associated with improved cardiometabolic health and increased longevity. Increased lifespan during this dietary protein "dilution" has been explained by resource-mediated trade-offs between reproduction and survival, such that fecundity is optimized at a greater relative intake of proteins/carbohydrates. The magnitude of this trade-off is thought to be sex-dependent. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that metabolic responses to dietary protein dilution are likewise dependent on sex. We maintained age-matched adult male and female C57BL/6J mice on isocaloric diets containing 22% fat and differing in the ratio of protein/carbohydrate. The normal protein (NP) control diet contained 18% protein and 60% carbohydrate by kcal. The protein diluted (PD) diet contained 4% protein and 74% carbohydrate. Consistent with previous reports, PD males gained less weight and less fat than did normal protein controls and exhibited both improved glucose tolerance and decreased plasma lipids. In contrast, these metabolic benefits were absent among age-matched females maintained on the same diets. Likewise, whereas circulating FGF21 was increased up to 66-fold among PD male mice, this was substantially blunted among female counterparts. Sex differences in energy balance, glucose control, and plasma FGF21 were reversed upon ovariectomy. Collectively, our findings support that female mice are relatively less sensitive to the metabolic improvements observed following dietary protein dilution. This is accompanied by blunted circulating levels of FGF21 and requires an intact female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlton R Larson
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kimberly A Russo
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Yanbin Fang
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Niloufar Mohajerani
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Michael L Goodson
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
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Vishkaee TS, Mohajerani N, Nafisi S. A comparative study of the interaction of Tamiflu and Oseltamivir carboxylate with bovine serum albumin. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2013; 119:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Mohammadi M, Doroud D, Kashani SS, Douraghi M, Mohajerani N, Esmaeili M, Bababeik M, Oghalaie A, Talebkhan Y. RAPD Patterns of Resistant and Susceptible Iranian Helicobacter pylori Strains. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Khoshnegah J, Jamshidi S, Mohammadi M, Mohajerani N. Experimental Infection in Cats with a cagA+, vacA+ Human Isolate of Helicobacter pylori. Int J Infect Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Mohammadi M, Oghalaie A, Mohajerani N, Massarrat S, Nasiri M, Bennedsen M, Colding H, Andersen LP. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin and its allelic mosaicism as a predictive marker for Iranian dyspeptic patients. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2003; 96:3-5. [PMID: 12784586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects the majority of the population in the developing countries. However, the rate of gastrointestinal complications such as peptic ulcers and gastric malignancies has no parallel with the infection. In order to determine whether cytotoxin (vacA) and its allelic polymorphism can serve as screening markers for such a population, H. pylori strains were isolated from one hundred and thirty two dyspeptic patients. H. pylori genomic DNA was extracted and underwent PCR-amplification for the cytotoxin alleles. Genotyping of the signal sequence region of the vacA gene identified 68% (70 out of 103) of patients with non ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and 79% (23 out of 29) of the patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) possessing the s1 genotype. S1 strains were significantly more prevalent among patients with PUD as compared to the NUD (p < 0.05). In regard to the middle region, 55% of the patient isolates belonged to the m2 genotype with no correlation to disease. The s1m2 genotype was the most prevalent among all patients and significantly correlated with the PUD group (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohammadi
- Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran, 14136.
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Abstract
Thallium (Tl) binds to the major and minor grooves of B-DNA in the solid state (Howerton et al., Biochemistry 40, 10023-10031, 2001). The aim of this study was to examine the binding of Tl(I) cation with calf-thymus DNA in aqueous solution at physiological pH, using constant concentration of DNA (12.5 mM) and various concentrations of metal ions (0.5 to 20 mM). UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic methods were used to determine the cation binding site, the binding constant and DNA structural variations in aqueous solution. Direct Tl bindings to guanine and thymine were evident by major spectral changes of DNA bases with overall binding constant of K = 1.40 x 10(4) M(-1) and little perturbations of the backbone phosphate group. Both major and minor groove bindings were observed with no alteration of the B-DNA conformation. At low metal concentration (0.5 mM), the number of cations bound were 10 per 1000 nucleotides, while at higher cation concentration (10 mM), this increased to 30 cations per 1000 nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmed Ouameur
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, C.P. 500, TR, Quebec, Canada G9A 5H7
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Nafisi S, Mohajerani N, Hadjiakhoondi A, Monajemi M, Garib F. Interaction of Tl+3 with mononucleotides: metal ion binding and sugar conformation. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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