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Koide Y, Nagai N, Miyauchi R, Nakashima T, Kitagawa T, Aoyama T, Shimizu H, Hashimoto S, Tachibana H, Kodaira T. Classification of Patients with Painful Tumors to Predict the Response to Palliative Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e119. [PMID: 37784664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Palliative radiotherapy is an effective and commonly used treatment for pain relief in metastatic cancer patients. This study aimed to classify the patients to predict their response to palliative radiotherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS This study used the data from our single-center, prospective observational study (UMIN000044984), which included all patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for the painful tumor, except for postoperative setting or brain metastases. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) numerical rating scale (NRS) was two or more before treatment, and (2) underwent palliative radiotherapy between August 2021 and September 2022. Questionnaires for pain site, NRS, and presence/dose of opioids were obtained before, on the last day of treatment, two weeks later, one month later, three months later, and every three months after that. Patients with severe performance status (PS) were contacted by telephone. Pain response was defined to reduce NRS 2 or more at the treated site without an analgesic increase. The primary outcome was the response rate within three months of the treatment. We used multivariable logistic regression to find the independent prognostic factors for the response based on the following covariates: age, sex, PS, body mass index, NRS, history of radiotherapy, treated site, radiographic features (lytic/sclerotic/mixed), metastatic complication, presence/dose of opioids, bone-modifying agents, radiation dose, type of primary tumor, radiosensitivity, number of metastases, and days from diagnosis to treatment. A classification model was created using significant factors, and response rates were calculated for each class. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. RESULTS Among 488 targets of 300 patients registered, 366 targets of 261 patients met the criteria. The median age was 65 years, 44% were female, and PS (0/1/2/3/4) was 6/63/18/9/4%. The major type of tumor was gastrointestinal (32%), lung (19%), and breast (12%). Bone metastases were 75% at treated sites. Opioids were used by 72%, BMA was 27%, and chemotherapy was 50%. Re-irradiation rate was 22%. With a median follow-up of 5.8 months, 113 patients were alive, 129 had died, and 20 were lost follow-up. The average NRS was reduced from 6.1 to 3.1 from pretreatment to 3 months later per evaluable 232 targets, resulting in a pain relief rate of 60%. Opioids use (P<0.001) and re-irradiation (P<0.001) were significant factors of poor response in multivariate analysis. In our classification model, 89 targets were classified as class 1 (no opioids & no irradiation history), 211 were class 2 (other than class 1 and 3), and 66 were class 3 (opioids & re-irradiation), were 75/61/36% (P<0.001) of response rate. The 6-month cumulative pain progression rate was 12/22/32% (P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Palliative radiotherapy is highly effective for patients with painful tumors especially for those without previous irradiation history or use of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Koide
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Nagai
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R Miyauchi
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - T Kitagawa
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Aoyama
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Shimizu
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - T Kodaira
- Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Nagai N, Shindo N, Wada A, Izu H, Fujii T, Matsubara K, Wada Y, Sakane N. Effects of Rice Wine Lees on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Physically Active Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 7:95-103. [PMID: 32236398 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2019.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice wine lees (RWL), a Japanese traditional fermented product, is a rich source of one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients, which may have beneficial effects on cognitive function. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the effect of the RWL on cognitive function in community-dwelling physically active older adults. DESIGN Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (clinical trial number: UMIN 000027158). SETTING Community-based intervention including assessments conducted at the University of Hyogo and a public liberal arts school in Himeji City, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 35 community-dwelling older adults (68-80 years) who performed mild exercise before and during the trial were assigned to either the RWL (n=17) or the placebo group (n=18). INTERVENTION Daily consumption of 50 g RWL powder, which contained one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients, or the placebo powder (made from soy protein and dextrin) for 12 weeks. Both supplements included equivalent amounts of energy and protein. MEASUREMENTS Montreal Cognitive Assessment, computerized cognitive function test, and measurements of serum predictive biomarkers (transthyretin, apolipoprotein A1, and complement C3) were conducted at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Visual selective attention and serum transthyretin significantly improved in the RWL group, whereas there was no significant change in the placebo group. No significant group difference was observed in the remaining cognitive performance tests. CONCLUSIONS RWL supplements seem to have a few effects on cognitive function in community-dwelling physically active older adults. However, the impact was limited; therefore, further studies with sufficient sample size are warranted to elucidate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagai
- Narumi Nagai, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0092 Japan, , Tel.: +81792921515, Fax.: +81792935710
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Tanizawa K, Nishimura Y, Okada A, Nishikawa M, Tamaru S, Nagai N. Stroke, systemic embolism and bleeding rate in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients without anticoagulation on the real world data in Japan. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Anticoagulant therapy is recommended in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) for those with CHADS2 ≥2. However, there have been significant number of subjects with CHADS2 ≥2 who receive no anticoagulation. Most of reported real world data have been collected mainly before wide spread use of DOAC. This study evaluated the clinical outcome of no anticoagulant drug therapy in NVAF.
Methods
This study is a non-interventional, observational, retrospective cohort study of NVAF patients in Mie-LIP Database, which is a regional clinical database joining 1 university hospital and 8 general hospitals in Mie prefecture in Japan. Patient enrolment was conducted from 1st Jan. 2016 to 31st Dec. 2018. The primary outcome events are ischemic stroke, systemic embolism, and bleeding events (bleeding to need a blood transfusion, intracranial bleeding, intraocular bleeding, and gastrointestinal bleeding).
Results
7001 patients were included in the current analysis, 2550 patients, 36.4% were treated without any anticoagulant drug therapy. Table 1 shows patients with no anticoagulant drug therapy, mean age was 75.4 years and 42.2% of patients were female. The most frequent comorbidities included hypertension (50.0%), diabetes mellitus (28.2%), heart failure (14.0%), ischemic stroke (12.7%), vascular disease (14.4%) respectively. The annual incidence of ischemic stroke, systemic embolism per 100 person-years is 3.7, and that in each CHADS2 group is 0: 1.4, 1: 1.4, 2: 3.2, 3–6: 8, respectively in Figure 1. The annual incidence of bleeding events is 1.5, and that in each CHADS2 group is 0: 0.7, 1: 1.0, 2: 1.2, 3–6: 2.9, respectively.
Conclusions
Approximately one-thirds of subjects have not received any anticoagulation in the modern DOAC in daily clinical practice in Japan. The rate of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism increased by CHADS2. Stroke or SEE rate was very low in subjects with CHADS2 ≤1, supporting no indication of anticoagulation in current guidelines. Regarding subjects with CHADS2>2, considering the higher risk of stroke, use of anticoagulant drug therapy is recommended.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanizawa
- Daiichi Sankyo Co.,Ltd., / Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Nishimura
- Mie University Hospital, Clinical Research Support Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - A Okada
- Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Nishikawa
- Mie Health Checkup Clinic, Kinki Health Care Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - S Tamaru
- Mie University Hospital, Clinical Research Support Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - N Nagai
- Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Imai Y, Nagai N, Yasuda K, Kusakabe M, Inoue Y, Natsuaki M, Yamanishi K. 316 Dupilumab effects on the circulating ILC2 population and ILC2/3 repertoire in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Inoue T, Kobayashi Y, Mori N, Sakagawa M, Xiao JZ, Moritani T, Sakane N, Nagai N. Effect of combined bifidobacteria supplementation and resistance training on cognitive function, body composition and bowel habits of healthy elderly subjects. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:843-853. [PMID: 30198326 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise exerts favourable effects on brain health and quality of life of the elderly; some of these positive health effects are induced by the modulation of microbiota composition. We therefore conducted a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial that assessed whether a combination of Bifidobacterium spp. supplementation and moderate resistance training improved the cognitive function and other health-related parameters in healthy elderly subjects. Over a 12-week period, 38 participants (66-78 years) underwent resistance training and were assigned to the probiotic Bifidobacterium supplementation (n=20; 1.25×1010 cfu each of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536, B. longum subsp. infantis M-63, Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and B. breve B-3) or the placebo (n=18) group. At baseline and at 12 weeks, we assessed the cognitive function, using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment instrument (MoCA-J); modified flanker task scores; depression-anxiety scores; body composition; and bowel habits. At 12 weeks, the MoCA-J scores showed a significant increase in both the groups, while the flanker task scores of the probiotic group increased more significantly than those of the placebo group (0.35±0.9 vs -0.29±1.1, P=0.056). Only the probiotic group showed a significant decrease in the depression-anxiety scores (5.2±6.3 to 3.4±5.5, P=0.012) and body mass index (24.0±2.8 to 23.5±2.8 kg/m2, P<0.001), with a significant increase in the defecation frequency (5.3±2.3 to 6.4±2.3 times/5 days, P=0.023) at 12 weeks. Thus, in healthy elderly subjects, combined probiotic bifidobacteria supplementation and moderate resistance training may improve the mental condition, body weight and bowel movement frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inoue
- 1 School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 6700092, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- 2 Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 2528583, Japan
| | - N Mori
- 1 School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 6700092, Japan
| | - M Sakagawa
- 1 School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 6700092, Japan
| | - J-Z Xiao
- 2 Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa 2528583, Japan
| | - T Moritani
- 3 Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 6038555, Japan
| | - N Sakane
- 4 Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 6128555, Japan
| | - N Nagai
- 1 School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 6700092, Japan
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Tsuda H, Ito YM, Todo Y, Iba T, Tasaka K, Sutou Y, Hirai K, Dozono K, Dobashi Y, Manabe M, Sakamoto T, Yamamoto R, Ueda K, Akatsuka M, Kiyozuka Y, Nagai N, Imai M, Kobiki K, Fujita H, Itamochi H, Oshita T, Kawarada T, Hatae M, Yokoyama Y. Measurement of endometrial thickness in premenopausal women in office gynecology. Reprod Med Biol 2017; 17:29-35. [PMID: 29371818 PMCID: PMC5768977 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To define the median endometrial thickness (ET) in office gynecology is thought to be important for clinical practice. However, there are few reports about ET that have included the general female population on a large scale. The median ET was determined prospectively in premenopausal women who attended office gynecology for cervical cancer screening. Methods In total, 849 women were enrolled. The median ET was determined by using transvaginal ultrasound and the relationships between the ET and various clinical factors were analyzed. Results The participants' median age was 38.5 years. The median ET was 8.6 mm (90% and 95% quantiles: 13.8 and 15.8 mm). The ET was not related to their age, symptoms, obstetric history, geographical location, or risk factors for endometrial cancer. In the women with a menstrual cycle length of 28-30 days, the ET was 7 mm on days 1-6, but it increased from 5.4 mm immediately after menstruation (day 7 or 8) to 9.2 mm on days 13-14. Subsequently, the ET increased further to 11.1 mm on day 18. Conclusion In all the women, the upper limit of the ET was 13.8 mm and 15.8 mm in the 90% and 95% quantile, respectively, in office gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Department of Biostatistics Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | - Yukiharu Todo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center Sapporo Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kozo Hirai
- Minamimorimachi Ladies' Clinic Osaka Japan
| | - Koichiro Dozono
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andanestheology Dozono Clinic Kagoshima Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Moe Akatsuka
- Yokohama First Health Check Place Yokohama Japan
| | | | | | - Manami Imai
- Azabu Juban Manami Women's Clinic Tokyo Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroaki Itamochi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Iwate Medical University School of Medicine Morioka Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Kawarada
- Department of Translational Research Management Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo Japan
| | | | - Yoshihito Yokoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
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Sato M, Ochiai Y, Kijima S, Nagai N, Ando Y, Shikano M, Nomura Y. Quantitative Modeling and Simulation in PMDA: A Japanese Regulatory Perspective. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017; 6:413-415. [PMID: 28568566 PMCID: PMC5529733 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In Japan in October 2016, the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) began to receive electronic data in new drug applications (NDAs). These electronic data are useful to conduct regulatory assessment of sponsors’ submissions and contribute to the PMDA's research. In this article, we summarize the number of submissions of quantitative modeling and simulation (M&S) documents in NDAs in Japan, and we describe our current thinking and activities about quantitative M&S in PMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sato
- Advanced Review with Electronic Data Promotion Group, Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ochiai
- Advanced Review with Electronic Data Promotion Group, Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kijima
- Advanced Review with Electronic Data Promotion Group, Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Nagai
- Advanced Review with Electronic Data Promotion Group, Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ando
- Advanced Review with Electronic Data Promotion Group, Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Shikano
- Advanced Review with Electronic Data Promotion Group, Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Nomura
- Advanced Review with Electronic Data Promotion Group, Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo, Japan
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Hakuta Y, Nagai N, Suzuki YH, Kodaira T, Bando KK, Takashima H, Mizukami F. Preparation of α-alumina nanoparticles with various shapes via hydrothermal phase transformation under supercritical water conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/47/1/012045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yamagishi K, Iso H, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Ishihara J, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Sobue T, Hanaoka T, Ogata J, Baba S, Mannami T, Okayama A, K. Y, Miyakawa K, Saito F, Koizumi A, Sano Y, Hashimoto I, Ikuta T, Tanaba Y, Miyajima Y, Suzuki N, Nagasawa S, Furusugi Y, Nagai N, Sanada H, Hatayama Y, Kobayashi F, Uchino H, Shirai Y, Kondo T, Sasaki R, Watanabe Y, Miyagawa Y, Kobayashi Y, Machida M, Kishimoto Y, Takara E, Fukuyama T, Kinjo M, Irei M, Sakiyama H, Imoto K, Yazawa H, Seo T, Seiko A, Ito F, Shoji F, Saito R, Murata A, Minato K, Motegi K, Fujieda T, Abe T, Katagiri M, Suzuki M, Matsui K, Doi M, Terao A, Ishikawa Y, Tagami T, Doi H, Urata M, Okamoto N, Ide F, Sueta H, Sakiyama H, Onga N, Takaesu H, Uehara M, Horii F, Asano I, Yamaguchi H, Aoki K, Maruyama S, Ichii M, Takano M, Matsushima S, Natsukawa S, Akabane M, Konishi M, Okada K, Honda Y, Sakurai KYS, Tsuchiya N, Sugimura H, Tsubono Y, Kabuto M, Tominaga S, Iida M, Ajiki W, Ioka A, Sato S, Yasuda N, Nakamura K, Kono S, Suzuki K, Takashima Y, Yoshida M, Maruyama E, Yamaguchi M, Matsumura Y, Sasaki S, Watanabe S, Kadowaki T, Noda M, Mizoue T, Kawaguchi Y, Shimizu H. Dietary intake of saturated fatty acids and incident stroke and coronary heart disease in Japanese communities: the JPHC Study. Eur Heart J 2013; 34:1225-32. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kawao N, Nagai N, Tamura Y, Horiuchi Y, Okumoto K, Okada K, Suzuki Y, Umemura K, Yano M, Ueshima S, Kaji H, Matsuo O. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen mediate activation of macrophage phagocytosis during liver repair in vivo. Thromb Haemost 2012; 107:749-59. [PMID: 22318286 DOI: 10.1160/th11-08-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and plasminogen play a primary role in liver repair through the accumulation of macrophages and alteration of their phenotype. However, it is still unclear whether u-PA and plasminogen mediate the activation of macrophage phagocytosis during liver repair. Herein, we investigated the morphological changes in macrophages that accumulated at the edge of damaged tissue induced by a photochemical reaction or hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion in mice with u-PA ( u-PA-/- ) or plasminogen ( Plg-/- ) gene deficiency by using transmission electron and fluorescence microscopy. In wild-type mice, the macrophages aligned at the edge of the damaged tissue and extended a large number of long pseudopodia. These macrophages clearly engulfed cellular debris and showed well-developed organelles, including lysosome-like vacuoles, nuclei, and Golgi complexes. In wild-type mice, the distribution of the Golgi complex in these macrophages was biased towards the direction of the damaged tissue, indicating the extension of their pseudopodia in this direction. Conversely, in u-PA-/- and Plg-/- mice, the macrophages located at the edge of the damaged tissue had few pseudopodia and less developed organelles. The Golgi complex was randomly distributed in these macrophages in u-PA-/- mice. Furthermore, interferon γ and IL-4 were expressed at a low level at the border region of the damaged tissue in u-PA-/- mice. Our data provide novel evidence that u-PA and plasminogen are essential for the phagocytosis of cellular debris by macrophages during liver repair. Furthermore, u-PA plays a critical role in the induction of macrophage polarity by affecting the microenvironment at the edge of damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan
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Oshita T, Yamazaki T, Akimoto Y, Tanimoto H, Nagai N, Mitao M, Sakatani A, Kaneko M. Clinical features of ovarian large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: Four case reports and review of the literature. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:1083-1090. [PMID: 22977625 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to present 4 recently encountered ovarian large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) cases, and to evaluate their clinicopathological features in the context of the previously reported 29 LCNEC cases. First, we described the clinical features of 4 recently encountered cases. Routine H&E staining and immunohistochemistry for CD56, synaptophysin and chromogranin A were performed on sections of both the LCNEC and epithelial carcinoma components. Clinical data for the total of 33 LCNEC cases were summarized, and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was estimated. Our cases were observed in women aged 42-81 years. One case is clinically classified as FIGO stage IV with multiple metastases, and the others are classified as FIGO stages Ic, IIc and IIIb by post-surgical findings. Pathological features, assessed by H&E staining, were similar to lung LCNEC, and at least one neuroendocrine marker was positive staining in both LCNEC and the epithelial component. One case was pure type LCNEC and the others were mixed carcinoma. Paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy was performed for all cases and 3 of the 4 treatments were effective. The prognoses of our cases were as follows: 1 in stage Ic died from the disease after only 2 months, but the others survived, with or without recurrence, for 32-64 months, whereas the total 5-year survival of the 33 LCNEC cases was 34.9%. In summary, our 3 LCNEC cases revealed ordinary chemo-sensitivity, resulting in a better prognosis than those previously described, apart from 1 case which exhibited aggressive behavior. For the future, a retrospective survey to elucidate the prognostic factors and prospective clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of treatment modalities of ovarian LCNEC are necessary, particularly for aggressive LCNEC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Oshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyoshi Central Hospital, Miyoshi, Hiroshima
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Okada K, Ueshima S, Matsuno H, Nagai N, Kawao N, Tanaka M, Matsuo O. A synthetic peptide derived from staphylokinase enhances plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:997-1006. [PMID: 21392255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A synthetic nonadecapeptide (SP; GPYLMVNVTGVDGKGNELL) previously enhanced the activation of plasminogen by the SAK/plasmin complex. OBJECTIVES To identify the binding site for SP on plasminogen and elucidate the effects of SP on plasminogen activation by the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). METHODS The effects of SP on plasminogen activation were estimated using a chromogenic substrate and from the cleavage of plasmin on SDS-PAGE under reduced conditions. The binding to SP of various peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of plasminogen was analyzed with an IAsys biosensor. The SP-mediated structural change to plasminogen was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The thrombolytic effects of SP were examined using a mouse model of thrombosis. RESULTS SP enhanced the activation of plasminogen by t-PA. The catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of Glu-plasminogen activation by t-PA was 11.4-fold higher in the presence than absence of SP. The binding of SP to plasminogen was greatly inhibited by a synthetic peptide, FEKDKYILQGVTSWGLG, located close to the C-terminal of the plasminogen B region. Near-ultraviolet CD spectra of the complex between SP and Glu-plasminogen significantly differed from those of Glu-plasminogen. When SP was administered in a mouse model of thrombosis, early recanalization was observed in a dose-dependent manner. However, SP did not cause recanalization in t-PA gene-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS SP bound to the B region and promoted the activation of plasminogen by t-PA, and then induced effective thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okada
- Department of Physiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Kawao N, Nagai N, Tamura Y, Okada K, Yano M, Suzuki Y, Umemura K, Ueshima S, Matsuo O. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator contributes to heterogeneity of macrophages at the border of damaged site during liver repair in mice. Thromb Haemost 2011; 105:892-900. [PMID: 21301782 DOI: 10.1160/th10-08-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) plays an important role in tissue remodelling through the activation of plasminogen in the liver, but its mechanisms are less well known. Here, we investigated the involvement of u-PA in the accumulation and phenotypic heterogeneity of macrophages at the damaged site during liver repair. After induction of liver injury by photochemical reaction in mice, the subsequent pathological responses and expression of phenotypic markers in activated macrophages were analysed histologically. Fibrinolytic activity at the damaged site was also examined by fibrin zymography. In wild-type mice, the extent of damage decreased gradually until day 14 and was associated with an accumulation of macrophages at the border of the damaged site. In addition, the macrophages that accumulated near the damaged tissue expressed CD206, a marker of highly phagocytic macrophages, on day 7. Further, macrophages that were adjacent to CD206-positive cells expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a pro-inflammatory marker. u-PA activity increased at the damaged site on days 4 and 7, which distributed primarily at the border region. In contrast, in u-PA-deficient mice, the decrease in damage size and the accumulation of macrophages were impaired. Further, neither CD206 nor iNOS was expressed in the macrophages that accumulated at the border region in u-PA-deficient mice. Mice deficient for the gene encoding either u-PA receptor (u-PAR) or tissue-type plasminogen activator experienced normal recovery during liver repair. These data indicate that u-PA mediates the accumulation of macrophages and their phenotypic heterogeneity at the border of damaged sites through u-PAR-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kawao
- Department of Physiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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14
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Kawao N, Nagai N, Ishida C, Okada K, Okumoto K, Suzuki Y, Umemura K, Ueshima S, Matsuo O. Plasminogen is essential for granulation tissue formation during the recovery process after liver injury in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:1555-66. [PMID: 20345714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY BACKGROUND The involvement of plasminogen in liver repair has been reported, but its exact role in promoting this process is unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we examined the dynamics of liver repair by using a reproducible liver injury model in plasminogen gene-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates. METHODS Liver injury was induced by photochemical reaction and the subsequent responses were histologically analyzed. RESULTS In wild-type animals, the area of the damage successively decreased, and the repair process was associated with macrophage accumulation at its border. Neutrophils were also attracted to the damaged region on day 1 and were evident only at its border by day 4, which spatially and temporally coincided with the expression of macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Neutrophil depletion suppressed recruitment of macrophages at the border between the damaged and the normal tissues. These changes were followed by activated hepatic stellate cell accumulation, collagen fiber deposition and angiogenesis at the boundaries of the injured zone. In contrast, in plasminogen gene-deficient mice, the decrease in the area of damage, macrophage accumulation, late-phase neutrophil recruitment, hepatic stellate cell accumulation, collagen fiber deposition and angiogenesis were all impaired. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that accumulated neutrophils at the border of the damaged area may contribute to macrophage accumulation at granulation tissue via the production of MCP-1 after liver injury. The plasminogen system is critical for liver repair by facilitating macrophage accumulation and triggering a cascade of subsequent repair events.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kawao
- Department of Physiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Japan
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15
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Kaneyasu Y, Nagai N, Nagata Y, Hashimoto Y, Yuki S, Murakami Y, Kenjo M, Kakizawa H, Toyota N, Fujiwara H, Kudo Y, Ito K. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy using cisplatin with radiotherapy for Stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 75:369-77. [PMID: 19735865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effectiveness of concomitant intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (IAIC) using cisplatin (CDDP) with radiotherapy for Stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 29 cases of Stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with radiotherapy and IAIC of CDDP from 1991 to 2006. External-beam therapy was given to the whole pelvis using four opposing parallel fields with an 18-MV linear accelerator unit. A central shield was used after 30-40 Gy with external whole-pelvic irradiation, and the total dose was 50 Gy. High-dose-rate brachytherapy was given with (192)Ir microSelectron. The dose at Point A was 6 Gy per fraction, 2 fractions per week, and the total number of fractions was either 3 or 4. Two or three courses of IAIC were given concomitantly with CDDP 120 mg or carboplatin 300 mg. RESULTS We confirmed excellent medicine distribution directly by using computed tomographic angiography. The 5-year overall survival rate for Stage III patients was 62%, the cause-specific survival rate was 70%, and the local relapse-free survival rate was 89%. Local recurrence, distant metastasis, and occurrences of both were 7%, 38%, and 3%, respectively. The incidence of severe acute hematologic adverse reactions (Grade > or =3) was 27% for all patients; however, all recovered without interruption of radiotherapy. Severe nonhematologic effects (Grade > or =3) were 3%, including nausea and ileus. Only 1 patient's radiotherapy was interrupted for a period of 1 week because of ileus. Severe late complication rates (Grade > or =3) for the bladder, rectum, and intestine were 3%, 3%, and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSION A combination of IAIC and systemic chemotherapy should be considered to improve the prognosis of patients with Stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kaneyasu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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16
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Tsuzaki K, Kotani K, Nagai N, Saiga K, Sano Y, Hamada T, Moritani T, Yoshimura M, Egawa K, Horikawa C, Kitagawa Y, Kiso Y, Sakane N. Adiponectin gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms and treatment response to obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:395-400. [PMID: 19794286 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the adiponectin gene polymorphisms, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-45 and SNP276 have reportedly been associated with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and other features of metabolic syndrome. AIM Whether these adiponectin SNP affect obesity-related parameters during caloric restriction in obese subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty- two obese Japanese women were treated by meal replacement with a low calorie diet for 8 weeks and asked to maintain their habitual lifestyle. Obesity-related parameters were measured before and after the treatment period. We determined four SNP (T45G, I164T, G276T, and C-11377G) using a fluorescent allele-specific DNA primer assay systemand FRET probe assay system. RESULTS After the treatment, the extent of decrease in waist circumference was greater in the subjects with the G/G or G/T genotype of SNP276 than in those with the T/T genotype (p=0.026). As for SNP45, the extent of decrease in triglyceride levels was greater in the subjects with the T/T genotype than in those with the T/G genotype (p=0.003). For SNP-11377, the extent of decrease in systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose was greater in the subjects with the C/G or G/G genotype than in those with the C/C genotype (p=0.044). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that each SNP in the adiponectin gene might modify the change in obesity-related parameters during meal replacement with a low calorie diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsuzaki
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
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Nagai N, Kaneyasu Y, Komatsu M, Shiroyama Y, Oshita T, Watasaki S, Ito K. Distribution of platinum in the female genital tract and efficacy of radiotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial infusion of cisplatin for locally advanced stage IIIb carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Oncol Rep 2009; 21:585-591. [PMID: 19212615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current main treatment for locally advanced stage III/IV cervical cancer involves chemoradiotherapy. In this study, we investigated the distribution of platinum in the female genital tract by intra-arterial infusion of platinum (carboplatin 150 mg) during surgery and examined the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy with transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) of cisplatin for locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix. From January 1991, we randomly selected 26 patients with locally advanced stage IIIb cervical cancer to receive radiotherapy combined with TAI of 120 mg/body cisplatin twice a month at an interval of 4 weeks. Radiotherapy routinely involved 50 Gy of external beam irradiation to the whole pelvis and 12-24 Gy (point A dose) of intracavitary irradiation using a remote afterloading system. The mean platinum concentration in the cervical cancer was 1.77 microg/g wet tissue (wt) and high value, but the genital tract also contained the same platinum concentration. The platinum concentration in each regional lymph node was 1.10-1.48 microg/g wt, and its level of platinum was equal to that in the female genital tract. The effective histologic response rate was 88.5% (23/26). The median follow-up period was 38 months. The cumulative survival rate was 74.0%. Serious acute adverse reactions interfering with treatment were not observed. Based on these results, intra-arterial infusion of platinum produced a therapeutic effect on the primary cervical cancer site and the other parts of the female genital tract. We concluded that radiotherapy with TAI of cisplatin achieved superior therapeutic efficacy in locally advanced stage IIIb cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima City 731-0293, Japan.
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Nagai N, Komatsu M, Yunokawa M, Shiroyama Y, Hirata E. Preclinical analysis of the antitumor efficacy of TS-1 using human uterine cervical cancer tumor xenografts. Oncol Rep 2008; 20:1149-1156. [PMID: 18949415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antitumor activity of TS-1 in comparison with that of UFT and cisplatin (CDDP) against cervical cancer using xenografts of a human uterine cervical squamous cell cancer cell line, CaSki, transplanted into female Balb/cA JcL-nu mice. CaSki cell xenografts were prepared by subcutaneous (s.c.) implantation of 3x10(6) cells/animal into the right dorsal region of the mice. The tumor volume was measured twice a week and the relative tumor volume (RTV) was calculated. We divided the animals into four groups according to the treatment administered; TS-1 (10 mg/kg orally, once daily for 14 consecutive days), UFT (24 mg/kg orally, once daily for 14 consecutive days), CDDP (7.6 mg/kg injected intravenously once on the 1st day) and control (no treatment) groups. The antitumor effects of the drugs were measured. On the 35th day after the completion of treatment, the mean tumor volume in the mice treated with TS-1 or CDDP changed from 132.873+/-11.783 mm(3) to 706.401+/-613.122 mm(3) and 133.809+/-19.366 mm(3) to 722.630+/-855.509 mm(3), respectively. The mean tumor volume in the groups treated with TS-1 or CDDP was significantly lower compared to that in the control group (p<0.001; one-tailed Student's t-test). The relative inhibition of the tumor growth was 65.31 in the TS-1 group, 48.31 in the UFT group and 64.51 in the CDDP group. We conclude that TS-1 administered orally for 14 consecutive days showed the highest antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Asa Kita-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Nakano K, Siar CH, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H, Nagai N, Kawakami T. Notch signaling in benign and malignant ameloblastic neoplasms. Eur J Med Res 2008; 13:476-480. [PMID: 19008176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, Notch is a representative signal which controls morphosis and differentiation of cells, but its role in human odontogenic neoplasms, especially in ameloblastoma and its malignant counterpart, ameloblastic carcinoma, is not known. METHODS We examined Notch1 peptide and its gene (mRNA) in an ameloblastoma (case 1: 27-year-old female, right mandibular tumor) and an ameloblastic carcinoma (case 2: 93-year-old female, right mandibular tumor), using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. RESULTS Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) positive products were observed in the cells at the peripheral layer of most proliferating epithelial tumor nests in case 1. In case 2, positive products were similarly detected. In particular, small numbers of mitoses were identified in the nuclear region with intense NICD positive reaction. CONCLUSIONS Notch signaling plays some role in cytological differentiation or acquisition of tissue specific characteristics in neoplastic cells of odontogenic neoplasms, including ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. Notch1 may also contribute to cell cycle arrest induced by Notch1 activation in ameloblastic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakano
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Matsumoto Dental University, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, 1780 Hirooka-Gobara, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan.
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Sathi GSA, Nagatsuka H, Tamamura R, Fujii M, Gunduz M, Inoue M, Rivera RS, Nagai N. Stromal cells promote bone invasion by suppressing bone formation in ameloblastoma. Histopathology 2008; 53:458-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Shimizu T, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H, Nakano K, Okafuji N, Kurihara S, Nagai N, Kawakami T. Gene expression of Jagged2 in mandibular condylar cartilage development. Eur J Med Res 2008; 13:1-3. [PMID: 18226989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression pattern of Jagged2 gene in mandibular condylar cartilage was examined by means of in situ hybridization (ISH) technique. At E14, Jagged2 mRNA signals appeared in cytoplasm of proliferating chondrocytes. From E15 to E19, Jagged2 mRNA was detected throughout almost all cytoplasm in all layers. However, the distribution pattern was not uniform. These results suggest that Jagged2 plays an essential role for mandibular condylar cartilage morphogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimizu
- Matsumoto Dental University, Institute of Oral Science, Shiojiri, Japan
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22
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Chen F, Liu Q, Wang H, Suzuki Y, Nagai N, Yu J, Marchal G, Ni Y. Comparing two methods for assessment of perfusion-diffusion mismatch in a rodent model of ischaemic stroke: a pilot study. Br J Radiol 2008; 81:192-8. [PMID: 18180261 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/70940134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This stroke experiment was designed to define the mismatch between perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in MRI by applying early or instantly acquired PWI. Eight rats were induced with stroke through photothrombotic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and scanned serially between 1 h and day 3 after induction using DWI and PWI with a 1.5 T MR scanner. The relative lesion volumes (rLV) on MRI and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride-stained specimens were defined as the proportion of lesion volume over brain volume. Discrepancies in the rLV between PWI- and DWI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were expressed by subtraction of the ADC from PWI, resulting in three possible patterns: (i) (PWI-ADC > 10% of PWI) denoting a mismatch; (ii) (-(10% of PWI) <or= PWI-ADC <or= 10% of PWI) denoting a match; and (iii) (PWI-ADC < -(10% of PWI)) denoting a reverse mismatch. The differences were compared with the minuend being either early PWI (ePWI) or instant PWI (iPWI) and the subtrahend being instant ADC (iADC). The occurrence and evolution of PWI-ADC patterns were analysed. Over time, PWI-ADC discrepancies evolved from mismatch, through to match, to reversed mismatch. The PWI-ADC mismatch still existed 3 days after MCA occlusion in one to three of the eight cases. The rLVs and mismatch incidences between the ePWI-iADC and iPWI-iADC models were linear correlated. A higher mismatch rate occurred in iPWI-iADC within day 1 and in ePWI-iADC at day 3. Both ePWI and iPWI proved useful to define PWI-ADC patterns within day 1. At day 3, iPWI appeared more adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Al Sheikh Ali M, Gunduz M, Gunduz E, Tamamura R, Beder L, Tominaga S, Onoda T, Yamanaka N, Grenman R, Shimizu K, Nagai N, Nagatsuka H. Lack of B-RAF mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Folia Biol (Praha) 2008; 54:157-161. [PMID: 19178815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
B-RAF is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human cancer. However, the mutation status of B-RAF has not been established completely in HNSCC. We have analysed the mutation status of the kinase domain of the B-RAF gene (exons 11 and 15) in 91 Japanese HNSCC patients as well as 12 HNSCC cell lines. DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR. Mutations were then analysed by SSCP mutation detection method. Since V600EB-RAF constitutes 90 % of the mutations identified in B-RAF in human cancers, we also used MASA analysis to specifically detect this mutation in exon 15 of B-RAF. Using both methods, no mutation was found in both exon 11 and 15 in all patients and cell lines. Mu tations are absent or rare in the kinase domain of B-RAF in Japanese HNSCC. However, more studies are still needed to determine its usefulness as a target for molecular therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al Sheikh Ali
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Cetin E, Cengiz B, Gunduz E, Gunduz M, Nagatsuka H, Bekir-Beder L, Fukushima K, Pehlivan D, N MO, Nishizaki K, Shimizu K, Nagai N. Deletion mapping of chromosome 4q22-35 and identification of four frequently deleted regions in head and neck cancers. Neoplasma 2008; 55:299-304. [PMID: 18505340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a diverse group of cancers that are frequently aggressive in their biologic behavior. Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene (TSG) is one of the most critical steps leading to HNSCC. Loss of heterozygosity analysis is very sensitive method for the detection of frequent allelic loss in a chromosomal locus. This method has been considered as an important evidence for the localization of TSGs. We analyzed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 4q22-35 region by using 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers in 83 matched normal and HNSCC tissues. LOH was detected at least in one location in 71 of 83 (86%) tumor tissues. Frequent deletions were detected at the location of microsatellite markers, D4S2909 (46%), D4S2623 (51%), D4S406 (48%), D4S1644 (45%) and D4S2979 (40%). Four different frequently deleted regions at 4q22, 4q25, 4q31 and 4q34-35 were observed. These regions include several putative TSGs such as Caspase-6, SMARCAD1, SMARCA5, SAP30 and ING2. Further molecular analysis of each gene should be performed to clarify their roles in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cetin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Shimizu T, Nakano K, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H, Watanabe T, Okafuji N, Kurihara S, Hasegawa H, Nagai N, Kawakami T. Notch signaling in mandibular condylar cartilage development. Eur J Med Res 2007; 12:515-519. [PMID: 18024259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of Notch signaling in mandibular condylar cartilage, as a type of secondary cartilage. METHODS Mandibular condyle of ddY mice were fixed from embryonic day 14 (E14) through just after birth (equivalent to E19). Samples were cut into 4 mum serial sections through the central area of the mandibular condyle at the sagittal plane. Serial sections were examined using histological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques. RESULTS At E14, there were no developmental features of mandibular condyle. At the distal upper portion of developmental mandibular bone, mesenchymal cell proliferation and condensation without metacholomatic reaction to toluidine blue (TB) were seen. At E15, mandibular condylar cartilage was clearly evident, as TB metacholomasia. In IHC specimens at E14, expression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) was observed in the nuclei of coagulating mesenchymal cells. After E15, NICD appeared in the nuclei and the cytoplasms of cells. In ISH examination at E14, expressions of Notch1 mRNA appeared in cytoplasm of proliferating chondrocytes. From E15 to E19, Notch1 mRNA was detected throughout almost all cytoplasm in all layers. CONCLUSION These IHC and ISH results suggest that Notch signaling plays an essential role for mandibular condylar cartilage morphogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Shimizu
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Matsumoto Dental University Institute for Oral Science, 1780 Hirooka-Gobara, Shiojiri, 399-0781 Japan.
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Nagai N, Mukai K, Hirata E, Jin HH, Komatsu M, Yunokawa M. UFT and its metabolite gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) inhibit angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in advanced cervical carcinoma. Med Oncol 2007; 25:214-21. [PMID: 17968681 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-007-9023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of UFT and its metabolite gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) for inhibition of angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in advanced cervical carcinoma by the determination of serum GBL and VEGF, and by immunohistochemical staining to assess VEGF protein expression, before and after UFT therapy. METHODS The subjects were 35 patients with an advanced cervical carcinoma and five healthy volunteers between 2002 and 2003 at Hiroshima University Hospital, under informed consent. The patients received two courses of oral fluoropyrimidine (UFT) therapy at a dose of 600 mg/day for 5 and 2 days off treatment. Serum GBL and VEGF was measured before and after UFT therapy by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry and ELISA-kit in 22 patients and five healthy volunteers, respectively. Immunohistochemical detection of VEGF protein was done in 35 cervical cancers. Results The mean serum GBL level before and after UFT therapy was 21.9 +/- 2.3 and 79.3 +/- 6.2 ng/ml, respectively, and it was significantly increased after UFT administration (P < 0.0001). The mean serum VEGF level before and after UFT therapy was 95.3 +/- 28.1 and 67.5 +/- 11.2 pg/ml, respectively, and it was decreased by UFT administration. In 20 out of 33 (66.6%) patients who were detected with VEGF protein, VEGF protein expression was decreased by UFT therapy. The Delta GBL value (GBL after UFT--GBL before UFT therapy) showed a significant inverse correlation with Delta VEGF value (VEGF after therapy--VEGF before therapy) (r2 = 0.940). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that UFT and its metabolite GBL inhibit angiogenesis induced by VEGF to have an antitumor effect on cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biological Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Jiang TY, Wang SL, Liu Y, Nie SF, Ito Y, Nagai N, Wu CF. In vitro cell culture model for anti-cataract drug penetration studies. Pharmazie 2007; 62:767-772. [PMID: 18236782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) were cultured in vitro. Cells were observed under a phase-contrast microscope and the integrity of cell monolayers was assayed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) determination. The permeability of disulfiram (DSF) through a HCECs monolayer was compared with that of DSF through an excised rabbit cornea. The permeability coefficients of DSF through a HCECs monolayer and excised rabbit cornea were 29.5 +/- 4.8 x 10(-6) cm/s and 34.7 +/- 5.2 x 10(-6) cm/s, respectively. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) had high permeability through HLECs monolayer with a permeability coefficient of 44.6 +/- 7.1 x 10(-6) cm/s. The cytotoxicity of DDC against HLECs was investigated using the trypan blue exclusion test. For a DDC concentration of 5 mmol/l, more than 85% cells were viable. DH3a1 mRNA was expressed in cultured HLECs. The expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3a1 (ALDH3a1), which may be be responsible for DSF-DDC conversion, was detected using RT-PCR and agarose gels electrophoresis. These results demonstrate that the permeability of DSF can be detected and intra-ocular drug action may be predicted using the cultured HCEC and HLEC monolayers as model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is approved for treatment of ischemic stroke patients, but it may increase the risk of intracranial bleeding (ICB). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which can be activated through the plasminogen/plasmin system, may contribute to ICB after ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVES To explore the contribution of plasminogen, MMP-3 and MMP-9 to ICB associated with t-PA treatment after ischemic stroke. METHODS Using a thrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCA-O) model, ICB was studied in mice with genetic deficiencies of plasminogen (Plg(-/-)), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3(-/-)), or gelatinase B (MMP-9(-/-)) and their corresponding wild-type (WT) littermates. The induction of MMP-3 and MMP-9 was also studied in C57BL/6 WT mice. RESULTS ICB induced by t-PA (10 mg kg(-1)) was significantly less than WT in Plg(-/-) (P < 0.05) and MMP-3(-/-) (P < 0.05) but not in MMP-9(-/-) mice. Furthermore, administration of the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 after t-PA treatment reduced ICB significantly (P < 0.05) in MMP-3(+/+) mice, but had no effect on MMP-3(-/-) mice. MMP-3 expression was significantly enhanced at the ischemic hemisphere; with placebo treatment, it was expressed only in neurons, whereas it was up-regulated in endothelial cells with t-PA treatment. Although MMP-9 expression was also significantly enhanced at the ischemic brain, the amount and the distribution were comparable in mice with and without t-PA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data with gene-deficient mice thus suggest that plasminogen and MMP-3 are relatively more important than MMP-9 for the increased ICB induced by t-PA treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nagai N, Van Hoef B, Lijnen HR. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 contributes to the deleterious effect of obesity on the outcome of thrombotic ischemic stroke in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:1726-31. [PMID: 17596132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely accepted that obesity is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, but the association with stroke is less clear. Adipose tissue is an important source of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the main inhibitor of plasminogen activation. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that elevated PAI-1 levels associated with obesity negatively affect the outcome of thrombotic ischemic stroke. METHODS Middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was induced photochemically in mice with nutritionally induced or genetically determined obesity and their lean counterparts. RESULTS The MCA occlusion time (to obtain complete occlusion) was significantly shorter in obese (nutritionally induced) than in lean wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice, whereas the infarct size was significantly larger and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was enhanced (all P < 0.05). Similar observations were made in genetically obese ob/ob mice, as compared to lean WT littermates. In both strains, obesity was associated with markedly elevated circulating PAI-1 levels, probably originating from the fat tissue. In contrast, PAI-1-deficient lean and obese mice did not display significant differences in MCA occlusion time, infarct volume or ICH. CONCLUSIONS Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 may play a functional role in the deleterious effect of obesity on the outcome of thrombotic ischemic stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagai
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yunokawa M, Tanimoto K, Nakamura H, Nagai N, Kudo Y, Kawamoto T, Kato Y, Hiyama E, Hiyama K, Nishiyama M. Differential regulation of DEC2 among hypoxia-inducible genes in endometrial carcinomas. Oncol Rep 2007. [DOI: 10.3892/or.17.4.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yunokawa M, Tanimoto K, Nakamura H, Nagai N, Kudo Y, Kawamoto T, Kato Y, Hiyama E, Hiyama K, Nishiyama M. Differential regulation of DEC2 among hypoxia-inducible genes in endometrial carcinomas. Oncol Rep 2007; 17:871-8. [PMID: 17342330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate an important role of activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway in endometrial carcinogenesis and tumor phenotype development of endometrial carcinoma, and suggest a unique role of the HIF-1-target gene, differentiated embryo chondrocyte 2 (DEC2), in carcinogenesis. Hypoxia caused an increase in HIF-1alpha protein expression in 4 endometrial carcinoma cell lines. The expressions of its 5 target genes - DEC1, DEC2, carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and solute carrier family 2, member 1 (SLC2A1) - also reactively increased in most of the cell lines, except for DEC2 in the SNG-M cells. The expression levels of DEC2, CA9, and SLC2A1 were significantly higher in the 4 atypical hyperplasia tissues and 82 endometrial carcinomas compared with those in the 21 normal endometria. Clinicopathological analyses of carcinoma patients revealed a significant correlation of the VEGF and SLC2A1 expression with the status of lymph-vascular involvement and lymph node metastasis. The expression levels of CA9 and VEGF were significantly higher in the tumors of post- as opposed to pre-menopausal patients. The SLC2A1 expression was also related to the FIGO stage, but the DEC2 expression was inversely related to the FIGO grade. The activation of the HIF-1 pathway could be related to endometrial carcinogenesis, and the component, DEC2, could have different expression-regulatory mechanisms and unique roles in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yunokawa
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Komatsu M, Hiyama K, Tanimoto K, Yunokawa M, Otani K, Ohtaki M, Hiyama E, Kigawa J, Ohwada M, Suzuki M, Nagai N, Kudo Y, Nishiyama M. Prediction of individual response to platinum/paclitaxel combination using novel marker genes in ovarian cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:767-75. [PMID: 16546992 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to identify potent marker genes using a new statistical analysis and developed a prediction system for individual response to platinum/paclitaxel combination chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients based on the hypothesis that expression analysis of a set of the key drug sensitivity genes for platinum and paclitaxel could allow us to predict therapeutic response to the combination. From 10 human ovarian cancer cell lines, genes correlative in the expression levels with cytotoxicities of cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel were chosen. We first selected five reliable prediction markers for the two drugs from 22 genes already known as sensitivity determinants and then identified another 8 novel genes through a two-dimensional mixed normal model using oligomicroarray expression data. Using expression data of genes quantified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, we fixed the best linear model, which converted the quantified expression data into an IC(50) of each drug. Multiple regression analysis of the selected genes yielded three prediction formulae for in vitro activity of CDDP and paclitaxel. In the same way, using the same genes selected in vitro, we then attempted to develop prediction formulae for progression-free survival to the platinum/paclitaxel combination. We therefore constructed possible formulae using different sets of 13 selected marker genes (5 known and 8 novel genes): Utility confirmation analyses using another nine test samples seemed to show that the formulae using a set of 8 novel marker genes alone could accurately predict progression-free survival (r = 0.683; P = 0.042).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Jin H, Nagai N, Shigemasa K, Gu L, Tanimoto H, Yunokawa M, Ohama K, Kudo Y, O'Brien TJ. Expression of Tumor-Associated Differentially Expressed Gene-14 (TADG-14/KLK8) and Its Protein hK8 in Uterine Endometria and Endometrial Carcinomas. Tumour Biol 2006; 27:274-82. [PMID: 16888409 DOI: 10.1159/000094741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the biological behavior of TADG-14/KLK8, we investigated TADG-14/KLK8 mRNA by semiquantitative RT-PCR and hK8 expression by immunohistochemistry using 37 normal endometria and 44 endometrial carcinoma tissues. TADG-14/KLK8 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in proliferative compared to secretory phase endometria (p = 0.0143). Levels of TADG-14/KLK8 mRNA expression correlated with hK8 protein levels. hK8 was detected in 73.3% (11/15) of endometria with a significantly higher detection rate in the proliferative compared to secretory and atrophic phase endometria (p = 0.0002). High expression of hK8 was found in 61.4% of endometrial carcinomas compared to 35.1% of endometrial tissue samples (p = 0.0187). hK8 expression was significantly higher in stage I (p = 0.0433, 0.0038) and grade 1/2 (G1/2) of the tumors (p = 0.0195, 0.0044). We suggest that expression of TADG-14/KLK8may be regulated by sex steroid hormones in endometria. Our results indicate that elevated TADG-14/KLK8 expression is an early event in endometrial carcinogenesis, and may potentially serve as a useful early biomarker for the detection of endometrial carcinomas in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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Nagai N, Hirata E, Kusuda T, Mukai K, Arihiro K, Ohama K. Villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel and cisplatin: a case report. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:1187-90. [PMID: 16343210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma (VGPA) of the uterine cervix is a rare neoplasm, and its treatment has rarely been reported. We report a patient with VGPA stage IIA responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel (60 mg/m2 as an intravenous infusion) and cisplatin (70 mg/m2 as an intra-arterial infusion). At 3 weeks after completing one course of this regimen, the tumor size was reduced from 5.3 x 4.0 cm to 2.0 x 2.0 cm (81.1% reduction), revealed by computed tomography. Accordingly, the patient underwent radical hysterectomy, and there have been no signs of recurrence. Thus, the combination of docetaxel and cisplatin is suggested to be useful for neoadjuvant chemotherapy of cervical adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Kawakami T, Shimizu T, Kimura A, Hasegawa H, Siar CH, Ng KH, Nagatsuka H, Nagai N, Kanda H. Immunohistochemical examination of cytological differentiation in osteosarcomas. Eur J Med Res 2005; 10:475-9. [PMID: 16354601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this immunohistochemical examination, the expression of Runx2, Notch1, Delta and Osteopontin peptides were detected in neoplastic cells in 10 Japanese cases of osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, Runx2 peptide expression appeared in the cytoplasm of almost all neoplastic cells of the 10 cases examined. However, Notch1 peptide expression appeared in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells in the localized and comparatively well-differentiated area of osteosarcoma, which osteoblastic and chondroblastic containing osteoid and/or chondroid tissues. No expression of Notch1 peptide was detected in the fibroblastic and poorly differentiated areas. Delta peptide appearance was nearly the same pattern of Notch1 peptide. Expression of Osteopontin peptide appeared in almost all cells and the strength expression was shown in the area of comparatively well-differentiated tissues. Therefore, these results suggest that Runx2, Notch1, and Delta peptides are closely related to cytological differentiation or acquisition of tissue specific characteristics in neoplastic cells in osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawakami
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Department of Hard Tissue Research, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine, 1780 Hirooka-Gobara, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan.
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Nagai N, Minamikawa K, Mukai K, Hirata E, Komatsu M, Kobayashi H. Predicting the chemosensitivity of ovarian and uterine cancers with the collagen gel droplet culture drug-sensitivity test. Anticancer Drugs 2005; 16:525-31. [PMID: 15846118 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200506000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the utility of the collagen gel droplet culture drug-sensitivity test (CD-DST) for predicting the response of gynecological cancers to chemotherapy. Eighty-three cancer patients were enrolled in this study: 26 ovarian, 29 cervical and 31 endometrial cancers. The CD-DST was performed at various concentrations of drugs. We calculated the T/C ratio, where T is the total volume of the treated culture and C is the total volume of the control culture, and a T/C ratio of 50% or less was defined as sensitive in vitro. The efficacy rate (%) was defined as the number of cultures with a T/C ratio of 50% or less, divided by the total number of evaluable cultures. True-positive cases were defined as clinical responders (complete+partial responses) and true-negative cases were defined as clinical non-responders. The overall tumor evaluation rate was found to be 79.1%. The appropriate drug concentrations were selected as 1.0 microg/ml for cisplatin, 20.0 microg/ml for carboplatin, 1.0 microg/ml for paclitaxel and 0.1 microg/ml for docetaxel by the linear regression equations. The in vitro sensitivity for each drug showed a significant correlation with clinical response rates (r=0.592, p=0021). We therefore conclude that the CD-DST can be used to predict the response to anti-cancer drugs, and may also provide important information by contributing to the development of new chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Nagai N, Suzuki Y, Van Hoef B, Lijnen HR, Collen D. Effects of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 on ischemic brain injury in permanent and thrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion models in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:1379-84. [PMID: 15978095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) improves the outcome of ischemic stroke by recanalization of occluded vessels, but has neurotoxic side effects in experimental stroke models. Here, the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an endogenous inhibitor of t-PA, on ischemic infarct volume was studied. METHODS After either permanent ligation or thrombotic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), infarct volume, spontaneous reperfusion of thrombosed MCA, t-PA/PAI-1 complex level, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the ischemic region was studied in transgenic mice with overexpression of PAI-1 and wild-type littermate controls and in mice with intracerebroventricular injection of human PAI-1. RESULTS Infarct volume was smaller in PAI-1 transgenic mice (2.9 +/- 3.7 mm3, mean +/- SD) than in controls (8.9 +/- 5.0 mm3, P < 0.05) after permanent MCA ligation (plasma PAI-1 level 39 +/- 23 ng mL(-1) in transgenic mice vs. 1.5 +/- 0.6 ng mL(-1) in controls), whereas after MCA thrombosis it was larger in transgenics (13.1 +/- 3.1 mm3) than in controls (8.0 +/- 3.2 mm3, P < 0.05). Spontaneous reperfusion of the thrombosed MCA was significantly delayed in transgenic vs. control mice. In the ligation model, t-PA/PAI-1 complex levels were higher and BBB disruption was more pronounced in the ischemic region. Human PAI-1 injection reduced infarct volume by about 50% in wild-type mice but not in t-PA gene deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS High PAI-1 levels reduced infarct volume in the permanent MCA ligation model, but enhanced it in the MCA thrombosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nagai
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Kusuda T, Shigemasa K, Arihiro K, Fujii T, Nagai N, Ohama K. Relative expression levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine mRNA are independent prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2005; 13:1153-8. [PMID: 15870936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine mRNA expression levels of Th1 (TNF-alpha , IFN-gamma, and IL-12p40) and Th2 (IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines for any association with clinicopathological characteristics of epithelial ovarian cancer. mRNA was isolated, and cDNA prepared from 40 samples of epithelial ovarian cancers. Expression level of each cytokine mRNA was examined by the real-time PCR technique (GAPDH gene, internal control). Expression ratio (target gene/GAPDH) was used to evaluate gene expression. Results were analyzed against clinical stage, histological grade, and histological type. Prognostic significance of expression levels of each combination of Th1/Th2 values was assessed. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression levels were significantly higher in serous adenocarcinoma than in non-serous adenocarcinoma (p<0.05), but with no difference between individual cytokine mRNA expression levels and clinical stage or histological grade. Log-rank testing showed that high TNF-alpha mRNA expression (p=0.033) and the diameter of largest residual lesion at initial surgery (p=0.012) significantly correlate with longer survival in advanced stage (II/III/IV) ovarian carcinomas. In examining all combinations of Th1/Th2 expression values, the most significant association was between high IFN-gamma.IL-12p40/IL-6 expression levels and better prognosis in advanced stage (II/III/IV) ovarian carcinomas (p=0.004). In multivariate analysis, high IFN-gamma.IL-12p40/IL-6 expression (p=0.009) and the diameter of residual lesion (p=0.011) remained significantly associated with survival, whereas high TNF-alpha expression lost significance. In conclusion, Th1 and Th2 cytokines might play an important role in regulating the immune reaction in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. IFN-gamma.IL-12p40/IL-6 expression may be a useful prognostic molecular marker for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovary/metabolism
- Ovary/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Kusuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Kusuda T, Shigemasa K, Arihiro K, Fujii T, Nagai N, Ohama K. Relative expression levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokine mRNA are independent prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2005. [DOI: 10.3892/or.13.6.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kawakami T, Siar CH, Ng KH, Shimizu T, Okafuji N, Kurihara S, Hasegawa H, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H, Nagai N. Expression of Notch in a case of osteosarcoma of the maxilla. Eur J Med Res 2004; 9:533-5. [PMID: 15649865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this immunohistochemical examination, the expression of Notch1 peptide was detected in neoplastic cells in a case of osteosarcoma of the maxilla of a 31-year-old Indonesian male patient. Notch1 peptide appeared in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells of comparatively well-differentiated areas of the osteosarcoma, an osteoblastic area containing osteoid and/or immature bone tissues. The results suggest that Notch1 is closely related to cytological differentiation or acquisition of cytological characteristics in neoplastic cells of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kawakami
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Department of Hard Tissue Research, Matsumoto Dental University Graduate School of Oral Medicine, 1780 Hirooka-Gobara, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan.
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Tian X, Shigemasa K, Hirata E, Gu L, Uebaba Y, Nagai N, O'Brien TJ, Ohama K. Expression of human kallikrein 7 (hK7/SCCE) and its inhibitor antileukoprotease (ALP/SLPI) in uterine endocervical glands and in cervical adenocarcinomas. Oncol Rep 2004; 12:1001-6. [PMID: 15492784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential role of human kallikrein 7 (hK7/SCCE) and its inhibitor antileukoprotease (ALP/SLPI) in the development and progression of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma, we examined hK7 and ALP protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 70 cervical adenocarcinomas and 13 normal cervical tissues. Positive hK7 expression rates in normal endocervical glands and in cervical adenocarcinomas were 46.2 and 80%, respectively. A significantly higher hK7 expression rate was observed in cervical adenocarcinomas compared to normal endocervical glands (p=0.0099). In contrast, positive ALP detection rates in normal endocervical glands and in cervical adenocarcinomas were 100 and 15.7%, respectively. A significantly lower ALP detection rate was observed in cervical adenocarcinomas compared to normal endocervical glands (p<0.0001). There was a significant inverse correlation between hK7 and ALP expression status (p=0.0010). However, no statistically significant differences in hK7 or ALP expression status were found with respect to age, clinical stage, histological grade and lymph node metastasis status in cervical adenocarcinoma cases. Log-rank testing showed that advanced clinical stage and positive lymph node metastasis significantly correlated with poor patient survival (p=0.0005 and p<0.0001, respectively), whereas no correlation was found between hK7 or ALP expression and survival. These results suggest that increased expression of hK7 and decreased expression of ALP might play an important role in cervical adenocarcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Tian X, Shigemasa K, Hirata E, Gu L, Uebaba Y, Nagai N, O'Brien T, Ohama K. Expression of human kallikrein 7 (hK7/SCCE) and its inhibitor antileukoprotease (ALP/SLPI) in uterine endocervical glands and in cervical adenocarcinomas. Oncol Rep 2004. [DOI: 10.3892/or.12.5.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hachisuga T, Saito T, Kigawa J, Ohwada M, Yamazawa K, Yasue A, Iwasaka T, Sugiyama T, Kita T, Nagai N. Clinicopathologic study of 56 patients with endometrial cancer during or after adjuvant tamoxifen use for their breast cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2004; 95:139-44. [PMID: 15385123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of endometrial cancer patients diagnosed during or after tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer. METHODS Fifty-six tamoxifen-related endometrial cancers were identified from 10 hospitals in Japan. Past users were defined as endometrial cancer patients diagnosed more than 12 months after the cessation of tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer. All other users were classified as recent users. RESULTS Age at diagnosis of the endometrial cancer ranged from 29 to 81 years. Sixteen (29%) and 19 (34%) patients were nulliparous and overweight, respectively. When the patients were divided into two groups: 30 recent and 26 past users, the distribution of various clinical characteristics, except for age at the time of diagnosis for endometrial cancer and the interval between the diagnoses of two cancers, was similar for two groups. The daily dose, duration and cumulative dose also showed no significant difference between the two groups. Past users had histopathologically more invasive tumors showing prognostically more unfavorable subtypes than recent users. The background lesions including endometrial polyps and diffuse cystic changes were similar for the two groups. The cumulative 3-year survival was significantly worse for past users than for recent users (74.8% and 96.4%, respectively, P < 0.04). In multivariate analysis including recentness of tamoxifen use and age at diagnosis of endometrial cancer, the significance of past user disappeared. CONCLUSIONS Past users had a worse prognosis of endometrial cancer with more invasive histologic features than recent users, probably because they included more elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hachisuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 45-1, 7-chome, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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Suzuki Y, Nagai N, Collen D. Comparative effects of microplasmin and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) on cerebral hemorrhage in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:1617-21. [PMID: 15333039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombolytic therapy of ischemic stroke with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) improves clinical outcome which may, however, be partially offset by significant intracerebral bleeding (ICB). OBJECTS The comparative effects of microplasmin (microPli) and tPA on ICB were evaluated in a thrombotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in mice. METHODS A dose of microPli (5 mg kg(-1)) or tPA (4 mg kg(-1)) which are comparably effective for reduction of brain damage, or a double dose (10 or 8 mg kg(-1), respectively) or the microPli excipient as a control were intravenously administered as a bolus at 30 min or 4 h after MCA occlusion. ICB was measured at 24 h by hemoglobin assay of exsanguinated brain extracts. Bleeding time was measured by tail cutting. RESULTS In controls given solvent at 4 h, ICB was on average 8.8 micro L, which was significantly increased with 10 mg kg(-1) microPli and with 4 and 8 mg kg(-1) tPA to 12-13 micro L (P < 0.05 each vs. controls, n = 7-9), whereas 5 mg kg(-1) microPli did not affect bleeding (8.5 micro L P = NS vs. controls, n = 7). When given at 30 min, neither microPli nor tPA altered ICB (6.3-6.8 micro L, mean; n = 7-9). tPA but not microPli increased bleeding time; from 2.4 min in controls to 5.9 min (median, P < 0.05 vs. controls) and 8.7 min (P < 0.01 vs. controls) with 4 and 8 mg kg(-1), respectively, and to 2.3 and 2.9 min with 5 and 10 mg kg(-1) microPli, respectively (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS microPli at a dose comparably effective as tPA for brain damage reduction induced significantly less ICB, and less bleeding time prolongation in mice with thrombotic MCA occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Belgium
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Nagai N, Mukai K, Oshita T, Shiroyama Y, Ohama K. Human papillomavirus DNA status after loop excision for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III - A prospective study. Int J Mol Med 2004; 13:589-93. [PMID: 15010861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA status and recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after loop excision (LEEP/LLETZ). Women (n=161) who underwent loop excision for CIN III and who were followed up prospectively for at least 4 years were the study cohort. Cervical smear cytology and testing for HPV DNA was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months prospectively and thereafter at intervals of 6-12 months, using the PCR method with a consensus primer targeting the L1 region. There has been no recurrence in 141 (81.6%) out of 161 subjects, while squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) of low or high grade on cytology and CIN grade I-III on histology have been detected in 20 subjects. Prior to loop excision, HPV DNA was detected in 17 subjects who developed recurrence (9 had type 16, 2 each had types 18 and 52, and 1 each had types 31, 51, 58, and unknown). Within 3 months postoperatively, 12 (70.7%) subjects became negative for HPV, but 2 remained positive for the same type (1 each had types 16, 18), along with high-grade SIL on cytology, and CIN III on histology within 6 months, so repeat loop excision was performed. On the other hand, cytological findings were normalized in all transiently infected subjects within 18-36 months. Our results suggest that loop excision has improved HPV infection in many cases of CIN III and the persistent infection with a high-risk type of HPV is a predictor of the recurrence of CIN grade III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Nagai N, Mukai K, Oshita T, Shiroyama Y, Ohama K. Human papillomavirus DNA status after loop excision for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III - A prospective study. Int J Mol Med 2004. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.13.4.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fukunaga J, Yamaai T, Yamachika E, Ishiwari Y, Tsujigiwa H, Sawaki K, Lee YJ, Ueno T, Kirino S, Mizukawa N, Takagi S, Nagai N, Sugahara T. Expression of osteoclast differentiation factor and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor in rat osteoporosis induced by immunosuppressant FK506. Bone 2004; 34:425-31. [PMID: 15003790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2003.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2001] [Revised: 06/13/2002] [Accepted: 05/29/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressant drugs are currently required by transplant recipients for the remainder of their lives, despite the many adverse effects associated with these therapies. Acute osteoporosis is one such effect, and a reproducible osteoporosis model has been established through the administration of the immunosuppressant drug FK506 in rats. The cause of this osteoporosis has been shown to be abnormal osteoclast proliferation, altering the process of bone remodeling. However, the reasons why FK506 induces osteoclast proliferation and whether this process is mediated by cytokine changes or an increase in bone resorption factors have been unclear. An investigation was therefore conducted focusing on the recent discoveries of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF). These factors led to elucidation of the osteoclast differentiation-maturation mechanism. An osteoporosis model was produced in rats utilizing intramuscular FK506 injection (1 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days. Trabecular bone resorption was observed inferior to enchondral ossification in the FK506 group, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining revealed a clear increase in osteoclasts at the site of enchondral ossification, relative to the control group. Real-time PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) demonstrated minimal differences in OCIF expression between control and the treatment groups. However, Real-time PCR revealed clearly increased ODF expression in the treatment group. ODF expression was also shown to be increased in the treatment group using ISH. This was histologically consistent with a region of osteoclast proliferation inferior to enchondral ossification. The results of this study support the hypothesis that FK506-mediated osteoporosis occurs by action of the drug on osteoclasts, promoting expression of ODF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and thus prompting osteoclast differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fukunaga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
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Oshita T, Nagai N, Mukai K, Shigemasa K, Hiura M, Ohama K. Telomerase activation in endometrial epithelial cells by paracrine effectors from stromal cells in primary cultured human endometrium. Int J Mol Med 2004. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.13.3.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Oshita T, Nagai N, Mukai K, Shigemasa K, Hiura M, Ohama K. Telomerase activation in endometrial epithelial cells by paracrine effectors from stromal cells in primary cultured human endometrium. Int J Mol Med 2004; 13:425-30. [PMID: 14767574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine endometrium displays telomerase activity in a menstrual cycle-dependent manner, despite its somatic origin. This study was performed to elucidate the regulation of telomerase in human endometrium. Telomerase activity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA expression in proliferative endometrium were significantly stronger than those in secretory endometrium. Their expression was only detected in epithelial cells, although stromal cells also showed proliferation. The growth of epithelial cells decreased day by day in accordance with the decline of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity was significantly stronger in co-cultures of epithelial and stromal cells than in cultures of epithelial cells alone. Moreover, the telomerase activity of co-cultured cells was increased by estradiol or basic fibroblast growth factor, whereas that of epithelial cells cultured alone showed no change. Thus, human endometrium shows reversible telomerase activation during the menstrual cycle, unlike cancer tissues. Also, the telomerase activity of uterine endometrial epithelial cells might be modulated by paracrine effectors released from stromal cells, and not only by the direct action of sex steroids such as estradiol and progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Oshita
- Department of Gynecology and Clinical Research, National Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama 790-0007, Japan.
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