1
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Birnbaum R, Ezer S, Lotan NS, Eilat A, Sternlicht K, Benyamini L, Reish O, Falik-Zaccai T, Ben-Gad G, Rod R, Segel R, Kim K, Burton B, Keegan CE, Wagner M, Henderson LB, Mor N, Barel O, Hirsch Y, Meiner V, Elpeleg O, Harel T, Mor-Shakad H. Intellectual disability syndrome associated with a homozygous founder variant in SGSM3 in Ashkenazi Jews. J Med Genet 2024; 61:289-293. [PMID: 37833060 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) impact both the development and functioning of the brain and exhibit clinical and genetic variability. RAP and RAB proteins, belonging to the RAS superfamily, are identified as established contributors to NDDs. However, the involvement of SGSM (small G protein signalling modulator), another member of the RAS family, in NDDs has not been previously documented. METHODS Proband-only or trio exome sequencing was performed on DNA samples obtained from affected individuals and available family members. The variant prioritisation process focused on identifying rare deleterious variants. International collaboration aided in the identification of additional affected individuals. RESULTS We identified 13 patients from 8 families of Ashkenazi Jewish origin who all carried the same homozygous frameshift variant in SGSM3 gene. The variant was predicted to cause a loss of function, potentially leading to impaired protein structure or function. The variant co-segregated with the disease in all available family members. The affected individuals displayed mild global developmental delay and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Additional prevalent phenotypes observed included hypotonia, behavioural challenges and short stature. CONCLUSIONS An Ashkenazi Jewish homozygous founder variant in SGSM3 was discovered in individuals with NDDs and short stature. This finding establishes a connection between another member of the RAS family and NDDs. Additional research is needed to uncover the specific molecular mechanisms by which SGSM3 influences neurodevelopmental processes and the regulation of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Birnbaum
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomit Ezer
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nava Shaul Lotan
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Eilat
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Orit Reish
- Genetics Institute, Shamir Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tzipora Falik-Zaccai
- Institute of Human Genetics, Western Galilee Hospital-Nahariya, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Gali Ben-Gad
- Department of Child Development, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Raya Rod
- The Center for Child Development and Pediatric Neurology, Western Galilee Hospital-Naharyia, Nahariya, Israel
| | | | - Katherine Kim
- Genetics, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Barabra Burton
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mallory Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Nofar Mor
- The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yoel Hirsch
- Research, Dor Yeshroim, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Dor Yeshorim, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Harel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagar Mor-Shakad
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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2
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Ben-Moshe Y, Shlomovitz O, Atias-Varon D, Haskin O, Ben-Shalom E, Shasha Lavsky H, Volovelsky O, Mane S, Ben-Ruby D, Chowers G, Skorecki K, Borovitz Y, Kagan M, Mor N, Khavkin Y, Tzvi-Behr S, Pollack S, Toder MP, Geylis M, Schnapp A, Becker-Cohen R, Weissman I, Schreiber R, Davidovits M, Frishberg Y, Magen D, Barel O, Vivante A. Diagnostic Utility of Exome Sequencing Among Israeli Children With Kidney Failure. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2126-2135. [PMID: 37850020 PMCID: PMC10577315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic etiologies are estimated to account for a large portion of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in children. However, data are lacking regarding the true prevalence of monogenic etiologies stemming from an unselected population screen of children with advanced CKD. Methods We conducted a national multicenter prospective study of all Israeli pediatric dialysis units to provide comprehensive "real-world" evidence for the genetic basis of childhood kidney failure in Israel. We performed exome sequencing and assessed the genetic diagnostic yield. Results Between 2019 and 2022, we recruited approximately 88% (n = 79) of the children on dialysis from all 6 Israeli pediatric dialysis units. We identified genetic etiologies in 36 of 79 (45%) participants. The most common subgroup of diagnostic variants was in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract causing genes (e.g., EYA1, HNF1B, PAX2, COL4A1, and NFIA) which together explain 28% of all monogenic etiologies. This was followed by mutations in genes causing renal cystic ciliopathies (e.g., NPHP1, NPHP4, PKHD1, and BBS9), steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (e.g., LAGE3, NPHS1, NPHS2, LMX1B, and SMARCAL1) and tubulopathies (e.g., CTNS and AQP2). The genetic diagnostic yield was higher among Arabs compared to Jewish individuals (55% vs. 29%) and in children from consanguineous compared to nonconsanguineous families (63% vs. 29%). In 5 participants (14%) with genetic diagnoses, the molecular diagnosis did not correspond with the pre-exome diagnosis. Genetic diagnosis has a potential influence on clinical management in 27 of 36 participants (75%). Conclusion Exome sequencing in an unbiased Israeli nationwide dialysis-treated kidney failure pediatric cohort resulted in a genetic diagnostic yield of 45% and can often affect clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishay Ben-Moshe
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Shlomovitz
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Danit Atias-Varon
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Genetic Kidney Disease Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orly Haskin
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Nephrology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Efrat Ben-Shalom
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadas Shasha Lavsky
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Oded Volovelsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dror Ben-Ruby
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Genetic Kidney Disease Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Guy Chowers
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yael Borovitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Nephrology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Maayan Kagan
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yulia Khavkin
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shimrit Tzvi-Behr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shirley Pollack
- Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Plonsky Toder
- Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Geylis
- Pediatric Nephrology Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aviad Schnapp
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Becker-Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Irith Weissman
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ruth Schreiber
- Pediatric Nephrology Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Miriam Davidovits
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Nephrology Institute, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yaacov Frishberg
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniella Magen
- Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Genetic Kidney Disease Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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3
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Anis S, Fay-Karmon T, Lassman S, Shbat F, Lesman-Segev O, Mor N, Barel O, Dominissini D, Chorin O, Pras E, Greenbaum L, Hassin-Baer S. Adult-onset Alexander disease among patients of Jewish Syrian descent. Neurogenetics 2023; 24:303-310. [PMID: 37658208 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-023-00732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare autosomal dominant leukodystrophy caused by heterozygous mutations in the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) gene. The age of symptoms onset ranges from infancy to adulthood, with variable clinical and radiological manifestations. Adult-onset AxD manifests as a chronic and progressive condition, characterized by bulbar, motor, cerebellar, and other clinical signs and symptoms. Neuroradiological findings typically involve the brainstem and cervical spinal cord. Adult-onset AxD has been described in diverse populations but is rare in Israel. We present a series of patients diagnosed with adult-onset AxD from three families, all of Jewish Syrian descent. Five patients (4 females) were diagnosed with adult-onset AxD due to the heterozygous mutation c.219G > A, p.Met73Ile in GFAP. Age at symptoms onset ranged from 48 to 61 years. Clinical characteristics were typical and involved progressive bulbar and gait disturbance, followed by pyramidal and cerebellar impairment, dysautonomia, and cognitive decline. Imaging findings included medullary and cervical spinal atrophy and mostly infratentorial white matter hyperintensities. A newly recognized cluster of adult-onset AxD in Jews of Syrian origin is presented. This disorder should be considered in differential diagnosis in appropriate circumstances. Genetic counselling for family members is required in order to discuss options for future family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Anis
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsvia Fay-Karmon
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Simon Lassman
- St George's Hospital, University of London, London, UK
- Arrow Project for Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Fadi Shbat
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Lesman-Segev
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- Cancer Research Center and Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Cancer Research Center and Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dan Dominissini
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Research Center and Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Odelia Chorin
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute of Rare Diseases, Lily and Edmond Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Elon Pras
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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4
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Bögemann SA, Riepenhausen A, Puhlmann LMC, Bar S, Hermsen EJC, Mituniewicz J, Reppmann ZC, Uściƚko A, van Leeuwen JMC, Wackerhagen C, Yuen KSL, Zerban M, Weermeijer J, Marciniak MA, Mor N, van Kraaij A, Köber G, Pooseh S, Koval P, Arias-Vásquez A, Binder H, De Raedt W, Kleim B, Myin-Germeys I, Roelofs K, Timmer J, Tüscher O, Hendler T, Kobylińska D, Veer IM, Kalisch R, Hermans EJ, Walter H. Investigating two mobile just-in-time adaptive interventions to foster psychological resilience: research protocol of the DynaM-INT study. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:245. [PMID: 37626397 PMCID: PMC10464364 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression are highly prevalent and cause a tremendous burden for affected individuals and society. In order to improve prevention strategies, knowledge regarding resilience mechanisms and ways to boost them is highly needed. In the Dynamic Modelling of Resilience - interventional multicenter study (DynaM-INT), we will conduct a large-scale feasibility and preliminary efficacy test for two mobile- and wearable-based just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), designed to target putative resilience mechanisms. Deep participant phenotyping at baseline serves to identify individual predictors for intervention success in terms of target engagement and stress resilience. METHODS DynaM-INT aims to recruit N = 250 healthy but vulnerable young adults in the transition phase between adolescence and adulthood (18-27 years) across five research sites (Berlin, Mainz, Nijmegen, Tel Aviv, and Warsaw). Participants are included if they report at least three negative burdensome past life events and show increased levels of internalizing symptoms while not being affected by any major mental disorder. Participants are characterized in a multimodal baseline phase, which includes neuropsychological tests, neuroimaging, bio-samples, sociodemographic and psychological questionnaires, a video-recorded interview, as well as ecological momentary assessments (EMA) and ecological physiological assessments (EPA). Subsequently, participants are randomly assigned to one of two ecological momentary interventions (EMIs), targeting either positive cognitive reappraisal or reward sensitivity. During the following intervention phase, participants' stress responses are tracked using EMA and EPA, and JITAIs are triggered if an individually calibrated stress threshold is crossed. In a three-month-long follow-up phase, parts of the baseline characterization phase are repeated. Throughout the entire study, stressor exposure and mental health are regularly monitored to calculate stressor reactivity as a proxy for outcome resilience. The online monitoring questionnaires and the repetition of the baseline questionnaires also serve to assess target engagement. DISCUSSION The DynaM-INT study intends to advance the field of resilience research by feasibility-testing two new mechanistically targeted JITAIs that aim at increasing individual stress resilience and identifying predictors for successful intervention response. Determining these predictors is an important step toward future randomized controlled trials to establish the efficacy of these interventions.
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Grants
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- 777084 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
- DFG Grant CRC 1193, subprojects B01, C01, C04, Z03 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- DFG Grant CRC 1193, subprojects B01, C01, C04, Z03 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- 01KX2021 German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Network for University Medicine
- MARP program, DRZ program, Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research State of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- MARP program, DRZ program, Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research State of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bögemann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands.
| | - A Riepenhausen
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L M C Puhlmann
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Bar
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E J C Hermsen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - J Mituniewicz
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z C Reppmann
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Uściƚko
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J M C van Leeuwen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - C Wackerhagen
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - K S L Yuen
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Zerban
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Weermeijer
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - M A Marciniak
- Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Mor
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A van Kraaij
- OnePlanet Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Köber
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Pooseh
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - A Arias-Vásquez
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - H Binder
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W De Raedt
- Life Sciences Department, Imec, Louvain, Belgium
| | - B Kleim
- Division of Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - K Roelofs
- Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Timmer
- Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Tüscher
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Hendler
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Psychological Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Kobylińska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I M Veer
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - E J Hermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - H Walter
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Shamriz O, Zahalka N, Simon AJ, Lev A, Barel O, Mor N, Tal Y, Segel MJ, Somech R, Yonath H, Toker O. GATA2 Deficiency in Adult Life Is Characterized by Phenotypic Diversity and Delayed Diagnosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886117. [PMID: 35603181 PMCID: PMC9120659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 plays a key role in the survival and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Autosomal dominant variants in GATA2 cause a broad spectrum of heterogeneous phenotypes. Here, we present our experience with GATA2 deficiency in a retrospective multicenter analysis of computerized medical records of adult patients (age ≥18 years) treated between 2018 and 2022 at Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem and Sheba Tel-Hashomer Medical Center in Ramat Gan, Israel. Two male and two female patients with GATA2 deficiency were identified. Three of the patients presented with symptoms in adult life and all patients were diagnosed as adults. Age at presentation was 10.5-36 years and age at diagnosis 24-47 years. Diagnosis was delayed in all patients by 1-24.5 years. The phenotypic diversity was notable. Patients presented with myelodysplastic syndrome (n=2), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (n=1), and recurrent viral (n=1), bacterial (n=3), and mycobacterial (n=1) infections. Bone marrow biopsy revealed cytogenetic abnormalities in one patient (monosomy 7). Patients were diagnosed by exome sequencing (n=3) and Sanger sequencing of the coding exons in GATA2 (n=1). Novel heterozygous GATA2 variants (c.177C>A, p.Y59* and c.610dup, p.R204Pfs*78) were identified in two patients. Immune workup revealed B cell lymphopenia and monocytopenia in all tested patients. One patient died from overwhelming sepsis despite all patients being treated with antibiotics and anti-mycobacterials. Our cohort highlights the phenotypic diversity, late presentation, and delayed diagnosis of GATA2 deficiency. Increased awareness of this primary immune deficiency presenting in adult life is needed and should involve a high index of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Shamriz
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Oded Shamriz, ; Ori Toker,
| | - Naseem Zahalka
- Internal Medicine A, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amos J. Simon
- Sheba Cancer Research Center and Institute of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Tel-Hashomer Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Atar Lev
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Tel-Hashomer Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jeffrey Modell Foundation Israeli Network for Primary Immunodeficiency, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ortal Barel
- The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Tal
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael J. Segel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pulmonology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Tel-Hashomer Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jeffrey Modell Foundation Israeli Network for Primary Immunodeficiency, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hagith Yonath
- Internal Medicine A, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ori Toker
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Oded Shamriz, ; Ori Toker,
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6
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Kagan M, Ben Moshe Y, Shlomovitz O, Atias-Varon D, Haskin O, Ben-Shalom E, Magen D, Schreiber R, Volovelsky O, Shasha-Lavsky H, Davidovits M, Borovitz Y, Mor N, Khavkin Y, Tzvi Behr S, Pollack S, Geylis M, Schnapp A, Weissman I, Barel O, Vivante A. FC035: Exome Sequencing of the Israeli Dialysis-Treated Pediatric Population Reveals Monogenic Etiology in ∼44% of Cases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac102.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease in children is estimated to be secondary to a monogenic etiology in ∼20% of patients and can arise from mutations in a multitude of different single-gene causes. Still, data are lacking on the true prevalence of genetic etiologies dates from a large scale unbiased population screen of children with advanced kidney disease.
METHOD
In order to provide comprehensive real-world evidence for monogenic etiologies of childhood end-stage kidney disease—on a national level—we initiated a nation-wide multicenter study of all pediatric Israeli dialysis units. Specifically, between 2020 and 2021, we recruited ∼90% (n = 66) of children on dialysis from all six dialysis units treating children in Israel. We conducted exome sequencing and diagnostic analysis for all patients. We assessed the diagnostic yield of genetic analysis and its relation to baseline clinical phenotypes.
RESULTS
Overall, the cohort comprises 66 individuals from different families with a first-degree consanguinity rate of 47%. Participants' mean age at renal replacement therapy initiation was 8.1 years (range 1-month to 20-years). Using exome sequencing we identified a genetic etiology in 29 out of 66 (44%) participants. The most common subgroup of diagnostic variants was in genes causing renal cystic ciliopathies (e.g. NPHP1, NPHP4, PKHD1 and BBS9), which together explain 31% of all monogenic etiologies. This was followed by mutations in genes causing CAKUT (e.g. EYA1, HNF1B, PAX2, COL4A1 and GREB1L), steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (e.g. LAGE3, NPHS1, NPHS2, LMX1B, SMARCAL1 and CRB2) and tubulopathies (e.g. CTNS, AQP2), which explain 21%, 21% and 17% of all genetic etiologies, respectively. The yield of exome sequencing was higher among non-Jewish compared with Jewish individuals (52% versus 29%) and in children from consanguineous families compared with non-consanguineous families (56% versus 31%). The final molecular diagnosis did not correspond with the pre-exome clinical diagnosis in 17% of cases.
CONCLUSION
Exome sequencing in an unbiased pediatric cohort with end-stage kidney disease yields a genetic diagnosis in 44% of cases and reveals many underappreciated monogenic etiologies. Surprisingly, renal cystic ciliopathies causing-genes were more common than CAKUT genes in our cohort. These results emphasize the importance of genetic testing among children with advanced chronic kidney disease and validate the role of exome sequencing as a standard routine diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Kagan
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Yishay Ben Moshe
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Omer Shlomovitz
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Danit Atias-Varon
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Orly Haskin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Nephrology Institute, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Efrat Ben-Shalom
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniella Magen
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruth Schreiber
- Pediatric Nephrology Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Oded Volovelsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Nephrology Unit and Research Lab, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Miriam Davidovits
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Nephrology Institute, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Borovitz
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Nephrology Institute, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- Sheba Medical Center, Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yulia Khavkin
- Sheba Medical Center, Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Shimrit Tzvi Behr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shirley Pollack
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Geylis
- Pediatric Nephrology Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aviad Schnapp
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Nephrology Unit and Research Lab, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Irith Weissman
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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7
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Sheban D, Shani T, Maor R, Aguilera-Castrejon A, Mor N, Oldak B, Shmueli MD, Eisenberg-Lerner A, Bayerl J, Hebert J, Viukov S, Chen G, Kacen A, Krupalnik V, Chugaeva V, Tarazi S, Rodríguez-delaRosa A, Zerbib M, Ulman A, Masarwi S, Kupervaser M, Levin Y, Shema E, David Y, Novershtern N, Hanna JH, Merbl Y. SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. Mol Cell 2021; 82:106-122.e9. [PMID: 34875212 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The fidelity of the early embryonic program is underlined by tight regulation of the chromatin. Yet, how the chromatin is organized to prohibit the reversal of the developmental program remains unclear. Specifically, the totipotency-to-pluripotency transition marks one of the most dramatic events to the chromatin, and yet, the nature of histone alterations underlying this process is incompletely characterized. Here, we show that linker histone H1 is post-translationally modulated by SUMO2/3, which facilitates its fixation onto ultra-condensed heterochromatin in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Upon SUMOylation depletion, the chromatin becomes de-compacted and H1 is evicted, leading to totipotency reactivation. Furthermore, we show that H1 and SUMO2/3 jointly mediate the repression of totipotent elements. Lastly, we demonstrate that preventing SUMOylation on H1 abrogates its ability to repress the totipotency program in ESCs. Collectively, our findings unravel a critical role for SUMOylation of H1 in facilitating chromatin repression and desolation of the totipotent identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoud Sheban
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tom Shani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Roey Maor
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Nofar Mor
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Bernardo Oldak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Merav D Shmueli
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Jonathan Bayerl
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jakob Hebert
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergey Viukov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Guoyun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Assaf Kacen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Vladislav Krupalnik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Valeriya Chugaeva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shadi Tarazi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Mirie Zerbib
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Ulman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Solaiman Masarwi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Meital Kupervaser
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, INCPM, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, INCPM, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Efrat Shema
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael David
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noa Novershtern
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Yifat Merbl
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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8
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Pode-Shakked B, Barel O, Singer A, Regev M, Poran H, Eliyahu A, Finezilber Y, Segev M, Berkenstadt M, Yonath H, Reznik-Wolf H, Gazit Y, Chorin O, Heimer G, Gabis LV, Tzadok M, Nissenkorn A, Bar-Yosef O, Zohar-Dayan E, Ben-Zeev B, Mor N, Kol N, Nayshool O, Shimshoviz N, Bar-Joseph I, Marek-Yagel D, Javasky E, Einy R, Gal M, Grinshpun-Cohen J, Shohat M, Dominissini D, Raas-Rothschild A, Rechavi G, Pras E, Greenbaum L. A single center experience with publicly funded clinical exome sequencing for neurodevelopmental disorders or multiple congenital anomalies. Sci Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98646-w
expr 928064569 + 818532901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractExome sequencing (ES) is an important diagnostic tool for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and/or multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). However, the cost of ES limits the test's accessibility for many patients. We evaluated the yield of publicly funded clinical ES, performed at a tertiary center in Israel, over a 3-year period (2018–2020). Probands presented with (1) moderate-to-profound global developmental delay (GDD)/intellectual disability (ID); or (2) mild GDD/ID with epilepsy or congenital anomaly; and/or (3) MCA. Subjects with normal chromosomal microarray analysis who met inclusion criteria were included, totaling 280 consecutive cases. Trio ES (proband and parents) was the default option. In 252 cases (90.0%), indication of NDD was noted. Most probands were males (62.9%), and their mean age at ES submission was 9.3 years (range 1 month to 51 years). Molecular diagnosis was reached in 109 probands (38.9%), mainly due to de novo variants (91/109, 83.5%). Disease-causing variants were identified in 92 genes, 15 of which were implicated in more than a single case. Male sex, families with multiple-affected members and premature birth were significantly associated with lower ES yield (p < 0.05). Other factors, including MCA and coexistence of epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, microcephaly or abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, were not associated with the yield. To conclude, our findings support the utility of clinical ES in a real-world setting, as part of a publicly funded genetic workup for individuals with GDD/ID and/or MCA.
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9
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Bayerl J, Ayyash M, Shani T, Manor YS, Gafni O, Massarwa R, Kalma Y, Aguilera-Castrejon A, Zerbib M, Amir H, Sheban D, Geula S, Mor N, Weinberger L, Naveh Tassa S, Krupalnik V, Oldak B, Livnat N, Tarazi S, Tawil S, Wildschutz E, Ashouokhi S, Lasman L, Rotter V, Hanna S, Ben-Yosef D, Novershtern N, Viukov S, Hanna JH. Principles of signaling pathway modulation for enhancing human naive pluripotency induction. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1549-1565.e12. [PMID: 33915080 PMCID: PMC8423434 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isolating human MEK/ERK signaling-independent pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) with naive pluripotency characteristics while maintaining differentiation competence and (epi)genetic integrity remains challenging. Here, we engineer reporter systems that allow the screening for defined conditions that induce molecular and functional features of human naive pluripotency. Synergistic inhibition of WNT/β-CATENIN, protein kinase C (PKC), and SRC signaling consolidates the induction of teratoma-competent naive human PSCs, with the capacity to differentiate into trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and extraembryonic naive endodermal (nEND) cells in vitro. Divergent signaling and transcriptional requirements for boosting naive pluripotency were found between mouse and human. P53 depletion in naive hPSCs increased their contribution to mouse-human cross-species chimeric embryos upon priming and differentiation. Finally, MEK/ERK inhibition can be substituted with the inhibition of NOTCH/RBPj, which induces alternative naive-like hPSCs with a diminished risk for deleterious global DNA hypomethylation. Our findings set a framework for defining the signaling foundations of human naive pluripotency. Inhibition of SRC, PKC, and WNT consolidates human naive pluripotency induction Competitiveness of p53 depleted human PSCs in cross-species chimeric embryos Opposing net effect for ACTIVIN and WNT on mouse versus human naive pluripotency 2i and ERKi independent alternative human naive-like PSC conditions
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bayerl
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Muneef Ayyash
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tom Shani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yair Shlomo Manor
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ohad Gafni
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rada Massarwa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Kalma
- Wolfe PGD‑Stem Cell Laboratory, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel‑Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Mirie Zerbib
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hadar Amir
- Wolfe PGD‑Stem Cell Laboratory, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel‑Aviv, Israel
| | - Daoud Sheban
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shay Geula
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Leehee Weinberger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Segev Naveh Tassa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Vladislav Krupalnik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Bernardo Oldak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nir Livnat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shadi Tarazi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shadi Tawil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Emilie Wildschutz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shahd Ashouokhi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Lasman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Suhair Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Rambam Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dalit Ben-Yosef
- Wolfe PGD‑Stem Cell Laboratory, Racine IVF Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel‑Aviv, Israel.
| | - Noa Novershtern
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Sergey Viukov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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10
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Lasman L, Krupalnik V, Viukov S, Mor N, Aguilera-Castrejon A, Schneir D, Bayerl J, Mizrahi O, Peles S, Tawil S, Sathe S, Nachshon A, Shani T, Zerbib M, Kilimnik I, Aigner S, Shankar A, Mueller JR, Schwartz S, Stern-Ginossar N, Yeo GW, Geula S, Novershtern N, Hanna JH. Context-dependent functional compensation between Ythdf m 6A reader proteins. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1373-1391. [PMID: 32943573 PMCID: PMC7528697 DOI: 10.1101/gad.340695.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent post-transcriptional mRNA modification, regulating mRNA decay and splicing. It plays a major role during normal development, differentiation, and disease progression. The modification is regulated by a set of writer, eraser, and reader proteins. The YTH domain family of proteins consists of three homologous m6A-binding proteins, Ythdf1, Ythdf2, and Ythdf3, which were suggested to have different cellular functions. However, their sequence similarity and their tendency to bind the same targets suggest that they may have overlapping roles. We systematically knocked out (KO) the Mettl3 writer, each of the Ythdf readers, and the three readers together (triple-KO). We then estimated the effect in vivo in mouse gametogenesis, postnatal viability, and in vitro in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). In gametogenesis, Mettl3-KO severity is increased as the deletion occurs earlier in the process, and Ythdf2 has a dominant role that cannot be compensated by Ythdf1 or Ythdf3, due to differences in readers' expression pattern across different cell types, both in quantity and in spatial location. Knocking out the three readers together and systematically testing viable offspring genotypes revealed a redundancy in the readers' role during early development that is Ythdf1/2/3 gene dosage-dependent. Finally, in mESCs there is compensation between the three Ythdf reader proteins, since the resistance to differentiate and the significant effect on mRNA decay occur only in the triple-KO cells and not in the single KOs. Thus, we suggest a new model for the Ythdf readers function, in which there is profound dosage-dependent redundancy when all three readers are equivalently coexpressed in the same cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Lasman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Vladislav Krupalnik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sergey Viukov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | | | - Dan Schneir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jonathan Bayerl
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Orel Mizrahi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shani Peles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shadi Tawil
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shashank Sathe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Aharon Nachshon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tom Shani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mirie Zerbib
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Itay Kilimnik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Archana Shankar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jasmine R Mueller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Schraga Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Shay Geula
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noa Novershtern
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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11
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Perl O, Ravia A, Rubinson M, Eisen A, Soroka T, Mor N, Secundo L, Sobel N. Human non-olfactory cognition phase-locked with inhalation. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:501-512. [PMID: 31089297 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory stimulus acquisition is perfectly synchronized with inhalation, which tunes neuronal ensembles for incoming information. Because olfaction is an ancient sensory system that provided a template for brain evolution, we hypothesized that this link persisted, and therefore nasal inhalations may also tune the brain for acquisition of non-olfactory information. To test this, we measured nasal airflow and electroencephalography during various non-olfactory cognitive tasks. We observed that participants spontaneously inhale at non-olfactory cognitive task onset and that such inhalations shift brain functional network architecture. Concentrating on visuospatial perception, we observed that nasal inhalation drove increased task-related brain activity in specific task-related brain regions and resulted in improved performance accuracy in the visuospatial task. Thus, mental processes with no link to olfaction are nevertheless phase-locked with nasal inhalation, consistent with the notion of an olfaction-based template in the evolution of human brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Perl
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. .,Azrieli Center for Human Brain Imaging and Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Aharon Ravia
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Azrieli Center for Human Brain Imaging and Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mica Rubinson
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ami Eisen
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Timna Soroka
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Azrieli Center for Human Brain Imaging and Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Azrieli Center for Human Brain Imaging and Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lavi Secundo
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Azrieli Center for Human Brain Imaging and Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Sobel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. .,Azrieli Center for Human Brain Imaging and Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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12
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Mor N, Rais Y, Sheban D, Peles S, Aguilera-Castrejon A, Zviran A, Elinger D, Viukov S, Geula S, Krupalnik V, Zerbib M, Chomsky E, Lasman L, Shani T, Bayerl J, Gafni O, Hanna S, Buenrostro JD, Hagai T, Masika H, Vainorius G, Bergman Y, Greenleaf WJ, Esteban MA, Elling U, Levin Y, Massarwa R, Merbl Y, Novershtern N, Hanna JH. Neutralizing Gatad2a-Chd4-Mbd3/NuRD Complex Facilitates Deterministic Induction of Naive Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:412-425.e10. [PMID: 30122475 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mbd3, a member of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) co-repressor complex, was previously identified as an inhibitor for deterministic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming, where up to 100% of donor cells successfully complete the process. NuRD can assume multiple mutually exclusive conformations, and it remains unclear whether this deterministic phenotype can be attributed to a specific Mbd3/NuRD subcomplex. Moreover, since complete ablation of Mbd3 blocks somatic cell proliferation, we aimed to explore functionally relevant alternative ways to neutralize Mbd3-dependent NuRD activity. We identify Gatad2a, a NuRD-specific subunit, whose complete deletion specifically disrupts Mbd3/NuRD repressive activity on the pluripotency circuitry during iPSC differentiation and reprogramming without ablating somatic cell proliferation. Inhibition of Gatad2a facilitates deterministic murine iPSC reprogramming within 8 days. We validate a distinct molecular axis, Gatad2a-Chd4-Mbd3, within Mbd3/NuRD as being critical for blocking reestablishment of naive pluripotency and further highlight signaling-dependent and post-translational modifications of Mbd3/NuRD that influence its interactions and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nofar Mor
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoach Rais
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Daoud Sheban
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shani Peles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Asaf Zviran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel; New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dalia Elinger
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Viukov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shay Geula
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vladislav Krupalnik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mirie Zerbib
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Elad Chomsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Lasman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tom Shani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jonathan Bayerl
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ohad Gafni
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Suhair Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tzachi Hagai
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hagit Masika
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Yehudit Bergman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ulrich Elling
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Yishai Levin
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rada Massarwa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yifat Merbl
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Novershtern
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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13
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Plotnikov A, Kozer N, Krupalnik V, Peles S, Mor N, Rais Y, Hanna JH, Barr HM. A multiplexed screening method for pluripotency. Stem Cell Res 2017; 23:158-162. [PMID: 28756340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) level is a widely used procedure in clinical and basic research. We present a simple and inexpensive luminescence-based method that allows multiplexed measurement and normalization of intracellular ALP levels in one sample well. The method comprises two commercially available reagents enabling quantification of ALP levels and cell number by two sequential luminescence readouts. Using this method we were able to detect and analyze somatic reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells. The method is highly applicable for High Throughput Screening (HTS) campaigns and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Plotnikov
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Kozer
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vladislav Krupalnik
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shani Peles
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoach Rais
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Haim M Barr
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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14
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Shalit N, Barzilay R, Shoval G, Shlosberg D, Mor N, Zweigenhaft N, Weizman A, Krivoy A. Characteristics of Synthetic Cannabinoid and Cannabis Users Admitted to a Psychiatric Hospital: A Comparative Study. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:e989-95. [PMID: 27379411 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.15m09938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic and affective exacerbations associated with synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use are becoming an emerging concern in psychiatric hospitals. However, data are lacking regarding whether clinical manifestations of SC use differ from those associated with cannabis use. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to explore the unique profile of SC users admitted to a mental health center in terms of demographic, clinical, and physiologic variables in comparison to cannabis users. METHODS We retrieved retrospective data of patients admitted to a mental health center between October 2007 and May 2014 who self-reported recent use of SC (n = 60) and patients who were cannabis users (positive carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol urine test at admission) without a history of SC use (n = 163). Clinical measures included hospitalization length, number of previous hospitalizations, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores, psychiatric status at admission, and relevant physiologic and laboratory parameters. RESULTS Hospitalized SC users were younger than hospitalized cannabis users (n = 163) (30.46 ± 7.83 years versus 34.67 ± 10.07 years, U₂₂₃ = 3,781.5, P = .009, respectively). SC patients had longer hospitalizations compared to cannabis users (43.45 ± 54.02 days versus 22.91 ± 31.36 days, U₂₁₉ = 5,701.5, P = .005, respectively), had more previous hospitalizations (3.73 ± 5.05 versus 1.98 ± 5.12, U₂₂₃ = 6,284, P < .001, respectively), and were more likely to be hospitalized by criminal court order (36.7% [n = 22] versus 19.9% [n = 32], χ²₂ = 7.136, P = .028, respectively). SC patients presented with a more severe clinical picture manifested by higher total PANSS scores (82.53 ± 23.05 versus 69.98 ± 19.94, t₉₁ = -2.696, P = .008) in a subset of patients with PANSS scores assessed within a week from admission (n = 30 in the SC group and n = 63 in the cannabis group). No differences were found in physiologic or laboratory measures on admission between the SC and cannabis groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients admitted following use of SC are generally younger males who have higher severity of psychotic symptoms at admission, are more likely to be admitted by criminal court order, and require longer hospitalization periods in comparison to cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Shalit
- Geha Mental Health Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 1 Helsinki St, Petach-Tikva, 49100, Israel. .,Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Drs Shalit and Barzilay contributed equally to this work
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel.,Drs Shalit and Barzilay contributed equally to this work
| | - Gal Shoval
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dan Shlosberg
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Abraham Weizman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - Amir Krivoy
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
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15
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Lossos A, Elazar N, Lerer I, Schueler-Furman O, Fellig Y, Glick B, Zimmerman BE, Azulay H, Dotan S, Goldberg S, Gomori JM, Ponger P, Newman JP, Marreed H, Steck AJ, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Mor N, Harel M, Geiger T, Eshed-Eisenbach Y, Meiner V, Peles E. Myelin-associated glycoprotein gene mutation causes Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease-like disorder. Brain 2015; 138:2521-36. [PMID: 26179919 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease is an X-linked hypomyelinating leukodystrophy caused by mutations or rearrangements in PLP1. It presents in infancy with nystagmus, jerky head movements, hypotonia and developmental delay evolving into spastic tetraplegia with optic atrophy and variable movement disorders. A clinically similar phenotype caused by recessive mutations in GJC2 is known as Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. Both genes encode proteins associated with myelin. We describe three siblings of a consanguineous family manifesting the typical infantile-onset Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease-like phenotype slowly evolving into a form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia with mental retardation, dysarthria, optic atrophy and peripheral neuropathy in adulthood. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were consistent with a demyelinating leukodystrophy. Using genetic linkage and exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous missense c.399C>G; p.S133R mutation in MAG. This gene, previously associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia, encodes myelin-associated glycoprotein, which is involved in myelin maintenance and glia-axon interaction. This mutation is predicted to destabilize the protein and affect its tertiary structure. Examination of the sural nerve biopsy sample obtained in childhood in the oldest sibling revealed complete absence of myelin-associated glycoprotein accompanied by ill-formed onion-bulb structures and a relatively thin myelin sheath of the affected axons. Immunofluorescence, cell surface labelling, biochemical analysis and mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies in a variety of cell types demonstrated a devastating effect of the mutation on post-translational processing, steady state expression and subcellular localization of myelin-associated glycoprotein. In contrast to the wild-type protein, the p.S133R mutant was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and was subjected to endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation by the proteasome. Our findings identify involvement of myelin-associated glycoprotein in this family with a disorder affecting the central and peripheral nervous system, and suggest that loss of the protein function is responsible for the unique clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lossos
- 1 Department of Neurology and Agnes Ginges Centre for Human Neurogenetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nimrod Elazar
- 2 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Israela Lerer
- 3 Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- 4 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakov Fellig
- 5 Department of Pathology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glick
- 6 Paediatric Neuromuscular Service, Alyn Paediatric Rehabilitation Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bat-El Zimmerman
- 3 Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Azulay
- 5 Department of Pathology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shlomo Dotan
- 7 Department of Ophthalmology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Goldberg
- 7 Department of Ophthalmology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - John M Gomori
- 8 Department of Radiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Penina Ponger
- 1 Department of Neurology and Agnes Ginges Centre for Human Neurogenetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J P Newman
- 1 Department of Neurology and Agnes Ginges Centre for Human Neurogenetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hodaifah Marreed
- 3 Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andreas J Steck
- 9 Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nofar Mor
- 2 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Harel
- 10 Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- 10 Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Eshed-Eisenbach
- 2 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- 3 Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elior Peles
- 2 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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Rais Y, Zviran A, Geula S, Gafni O, Chomsky E, Viukov S, Mansour AA, Caspi I, Krupalnik V, Zerbib M, Maza I, Mor N, Baran D, Weinberger L, Jaitin DA, Lara-Astiaso D, Blecher-Gonen R, Shipony Z, Mukamel Z, Hagai T, Gilad S, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Tanay A, Amit I, Novershtern N, Hanna JH. Erratum: Corrigendum: Deterministic direct reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency. Nature 2015; 520:710. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Geula S, Moshitch-Moshkovitz S, Dominissini D, Mansour AA, Kol N, Salmon-Divon M, Hershkovitz V, Peer E, Mor N, Manor YS, Ben-Haim MS, Eyal E, Yunger S, Pinto Y, Jaitin DA, Viukov S, Rais Y, Krupalnik V, Chomsky E, Zerbib M, Maza I, Rechavi Y, Massarwa R, Hanna S, Amit I, Levanon EY, Amariglio N, Stern-Ginossar N, Novershtern N, Rechavi G, Hanna JH. Stem cells. m6A mRNA methylation facilitates resolution of naïve pluripotency toward differentiation. Science 2015; 347:1002-6. [PMID: 25569111 DOI: 10.1126/science.1261417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1103] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Naïve and primed pluripotent states retain distinct molecular properties, yet limited knowledge exists on how their state transitions are regulated. Here, we identify Mettl3, an N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) transferase, as a regulator for terminating murine naïve pluripotency. Mettl3 knockout preimplantation epiblasts and naïve embryonic stem cells are depleted for m(6)A in mRNAs, yet are viable. However, they fail to adequately terminate their naïve state and, subsequently, undergo aberrant and restricted lineage priming at the postimplantation stage, which leads to early embryonic lethality. m(6)A predominantly and directly reduces mRNA stability, including that of key naïve pluripotency-promoting transcripts. This study highlights a critical role for an mRNA epigenetic modification in vivo and identifies regulatory modules that functionally influence naïve and primed pluripotency in an opposing manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Geula
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Moshitch-Moshkovitz
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Dominissini
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abed AlFatah Mansour
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nitzan Kol
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vera Hershkovitz
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Peer
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofar Mor
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yair S Manor
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Shay Ben-Haim
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Eyal
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Yunger
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yishay Pinto
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Sergey Viukov
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoach Rais
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vladislav Krupalnik
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elad Chomsky
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mirie Zerbib
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itay Maza
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Rechavi
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rada Massarwa
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Suhair Hanna
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. The Department of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Immunology Unit, Rambam Medical Center, and the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- The Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Erez Y Levanon
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ninette Amariglio
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Novershtern
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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18
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Rais Y, Zviran A, Geula S, Gafni O, Chomsky E, Viukov S, Mansour AA, Caspi I, Krupalnik V, Zerbib M, Maza I, Mor N, Baran D, Weinberger L, Jaitin DA, Lara-Astiaso D, Blecher-Gonen R, Shipony Z, Mukamel Z, Hagai T, Gilad S, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Tanay A, Amit I, Novershtern N, Hanna JH. Deterministic direct reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency. Nature 2013; 502:65-70. [PMID: 24048479 DOI: 10.1038/nature12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cells can be inefficiently and stochastically reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by exogenous expression of Oct4 (also called Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4 and Myc (hereafter referred to as OSKM). The nature of the predominant rate-limiting barrier(s) preventing the majority of cells to successfully and synchronously reprogram remains to be defined. Here we show that depleting Mbd3, a core member of the Mbd3/NuRD (nucleosome remodelling and deacetylation) repressor complex, together with OSKM transduction and reprogramming in naive pluripotency promoting conditions, result in deterministic and synchronized iPS cell reprogramming (near 100% efficiency within seven days from mouse and human cells). Our findings uncover a dichotomous molecular function for the reprogramming factors, serving to reactivate endogenous pluripotency networks while simultaneously directly recruiting the Mbd3/NuRD repressor complex that potently restrains the reactivation of OSKM downstream target genes. Subsequently, the latter interactions, which are largely depleted during early pre-implantation development in vivo, lead to a stochastic and protracted reprogramming trajectory towards pluripotency in vitro. The deterministic reprogramming approach devised here offers a novel platform for the dissection of molecular dynamics leading to establishing pluripotency at unprecedented flexibility and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoach Rais
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Bott-Kanner G, Hirsch M, Friedman S, Boner G, Ovadia J, Merlob P, Mor N, Modan M, Galai N, Rosenfeld JB. Antihypertensive Therapy in the Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy - A Clinical Double-Blind Study of Pindolol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10641959209031044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Hafner R, Cohn JA, Wright DJ, Dunlap NE, Egorin MJ, Enama ME, Muth K, Peloquin CA, Mor N, Heifets LB. Early bactericidal activity of isoniazid in pulmonary tuberculosis. Optimization of methodology. The DATRI 008 Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:918-23. [PMID: 9310014 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.156.3.9612016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early bactericidal activity (EBA) of antituberculosis drugs is the rate of decrease in the concentration of tubercle bacilli sputum during the initial days of therapy. The study reported here was designed to optimize the methodology for obtaining precise EBA measurements. The study compared the results with two versus five treatment days; overnight sputum collections with early morning collections; and quantitative smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) with quantitative cultures. Isoniazid (INH) was used as a model drug. Among 28 smear-positive patients enrolled in the study in five cities in the United States, 16 were evaluable (INH-susceptible tuberculosis [TB] and adequate sputum collections). The mean baseline bacterial load was 6.69 log10 cfu/ml (SE = 0.24). Quantitative culture of 10- or 12-h sputum collections obtained on two baseline days and treatment Day 5 was the optimal method for EBA measurement. The mean 5-d EBA was 0.21 log10 cfu/ml/d (SE = 0.03; p < 0.001) and the EBA appeared to be constant during the first five treatment days. On the basis of these data, multiarm studies of investigational drugs will require 25 evaluable subjects per arm to detect (80% power and two-tailed alpha of 0.05) an EBA at least 50% as large as the EBA of INH. In countries with a low incidence of TB, the usefulness of this methodology for rapidly assessing new antituberculosis agents may be limited by the relatively large number of subjects required to compare EBA values across treatment arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hafner
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
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21
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Mor N, Esfandiari A. Synergistic activities of clarithromycin and pyrazinamide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2035-6. [PMID: 9303411 PMCID: PMC164062 DOI: 10.1128/aac.41.9.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of clarithromycin and pyrazinamide was found to be synergistic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages. MICs were four- to eightfold lower for this combination than they were for either drug alone. Clarithromycin and rifampin, however, had only an additive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
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22
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Fisch B, Harel L, Amit S, Kaplan-Kraicer R, Mor N, Tadir Y, Ovadia J, Merlob P. Viscosity and refractive index of follicular fluid in relation to in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 1996; 13:468-71. [PMID: 8835674 DOI: 10.1007/bf02066526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To set the standard values of follicular fluid viscosity and refractive index, and to investigate a possible relationship between these physiological parameters and the outcome of in vitro fertilization treatment. DESIGN AND RESULTS 128 samples of follicular fluid were collected from 40 in vitro fertilization patients. Viscosity determinations (centipoise; mean +/- SD) for shear rates of 23, 46, 115, and 230 were 2.04 +/- 0.86, 1.84 +/- 0.49, 1.48 +/- 0.27, and 1.38 +/- 0.22, respectively. The average (+/- SD) refractive index was 1.030 +/- 0.002. There was no significant difference between the values of thawed frozen fluids and fresh samples of the same specimens. The data showed no correlation between follicular fluid viscosity or refractive index and the presence of oocytes, their maturation grade or their fertilizing capacity. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, values of the viscosity and refractive index of follicular fluid obtained during in vitro fertilization have been determined. However, these preliminary results did not reveal any relationship between the physiological parameters examined and the outcome of in vitro fertilization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
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23
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Mor N, Simon B, Heifets L. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of benzoxazinorifamycin KRM-1648 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium in human macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:1482-5. [PMID: 8726023 PMCID: PMC163353 DOI: 10.1128/aac.40.6.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory and bactericidal activities of KRM-1648 were determined against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium residing in human monocyte-derived macrophages and extracellular M. tuberculosis and M. avium. MICs and MBCs of KRM-1648 against intracellular and extracellular bacteria were substantially lower than those of rifampin. The MICs and MBCs of either drug against the intracellular bacteria were only twofold lower than or equal to the values found for extracellular bacteria. The prolonged effect of KRM-1648 found in this study is probably associated with high ratios of intracellular accumulation, which were 50- to 100-fold higher than that found for rifampin. Further studies on intracellular distribution of KRM-1648 and on the sites of actual interaction between the drug and bacteria residing in macrophages are necessary, as well as evaluation of combined effects of KRM-1648 with other drugs in long-term macrophage culture experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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24
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Mor N, Simon B, Mezo N, Heifets L. Comparison of activities of rifapentine and rifampin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis residing in human macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:2073-7. [PMID: 8540718 PMCID: PMC162883 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.9.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The activities of rifapentine and rifampin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis residing in human monocyte-derived macrophages were determined. The MICs and MBCs of rifapentine for intracellular bacteria were two- to fourfold lower than those of rifampin. For extracellular bacteria, this difference was less noticeable. Nevertheless, the more favorable pharmacokinetics of rifapentine over rifampin was addressed in other experimental models. These models showed substantial differences after short pulsed exposures of the infected macrophages to the drugs and when the infected macrophages were exposed to changing drug concentrations that imitated the pharmacokinetic curves observed in blood. Once-a-week exposures to rifapentine concentrations equivalent to those attained in blood after one 600-mg dose resulted during the first week in a dramatic decline in the number of bacteria, and this decline was maintained at a minimal level for a period of four weeks. The results of this study have shown the suitability of rifapentine for intermittent-treatment regimens. The prolonged effect of rifapentine found in this study may be associated with high ratios of intracellular accumulation, which were four- to fivefold higher than those found for rifampin. Further studies on the intracellular distribution of rifamycins and on the sites of actual interaction between the drugs and bacteria residing in macrophages are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
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25
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Merlob P, Eshel Y, Mor N. Splinting therapy for congenital auricular deformities with the use of soft material. J Perinatol 1995; 15:293-6. [PMID: 8558337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Congenital auricular deformities present serious esthetic problems. To avoid surgical correction, splinting during the early neonatal period has been attempted. We describe the results and follow-up of splinting therapy with a special soft material in 30 neonates, as compared with results in a control group of 20 untreated newborn infants. Good results were achieved in 85% of the patients and sufficient results in 15% when the treatment was continuous over the entire 4-week period. However, when treatment was partial or discontinuous, only 10% had good results. None of the infants in the control group showed spontaneous improvement during the period of study. Moreover, early initiation of treatment (first week of life) proved more effective than later treatment (second week of life). Strong parental cooperation and close follow-up are also important for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Merlob
- Department of Neonatology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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26
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Abstract
Human monocytes can be derived from the leukocyte-rich by-product of donors' blood available after platelet separation. Large volumes of the monocyte samples obtained from this product provided an opportunity to conduct experiments with relatively high concentrations of the antimicrobial agents sufficient for their detection in bioassays, thus avoiding the necessity of working with the radiolabelled drugs. Washing of the cells after their exposure to the drug may lead to an extraction of the tested agent from the cell, especially if it is a substance of low molecular weight. In our experiments we excluded the washing step, and separated the monocytes from the extracellular medium by velocity gradient centrifugation. In experiments with two rifamycins, the cell pellet as well as the extracellular fluid were subjected to a bioassay using Micrococcus luteus as a target organism. The method showed good reproducibility and consistency in results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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27
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Mor N, Vanderkolk J, Mezo N, Heifets L. Effects of clarithromycin and rifabutin alone and in combination on intracellular and extracellular replication of Mycobacterium avium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:2738-42. [PMID: 7695255 PMCID: PMC188278 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.12.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined effect of clarithromycin and rifabutin against Mycobacterium avium multiplying either within human monocyte-derived macrophages or extracellularly in a liquid medium was additive: both MICs and MBCs were twofold lower for the combination than they were for each drug alone. Prolonged exposure for 4 weeks of M. avium-infected macrophages to combined concentrations that were only twofold greater than the MICs resulted in a 100-fold decrease in the number of viable bacteria, while in the drug-free controls a 100-fold or greater increase in comparison with the initial viable counts took place. Comparison of this effect with the results of the prolonged exposure to each drug alone suggested that under these experimental conditions rifabutin enhanced the antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin against intracellular bacteria. At the same time, inhibition of intracellular growth by a 2-h pulsed exposure of the infected macrophages to the combination of the two drugs was not different from the effect induced by clarithromycin alone. In conclusion, clarithromycin played the major role in the antimicrobial activity of the tested combination, while rifabutin may have enhanced this effect during a prolonged exposure of the intracellular bacteria to these two agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206
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28
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Mor N, Vanderkolk J, Heifets L. Inhibitory and bactericidal activities of levofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in human macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:1161-4. [PMID: 8067756 PMCID: PMC188169 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.5.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Levofloxacin exhibited twofold greater inhibitory and bactericidal activities than ofloxacin against either extracellular or intracellular tubercle bacilli. The activities of both drugs against extracellular and intracellular bacteria were about the same, despite the accumulation of the drugs in macrophages at a level four- to fivefold greater than that in the extracellular medium. The activities of both drugs against intracellular bacteria were largely associated with the short, 2-h pulsed exposures of the infected macrophages to the concentrations which correspond to those attainable in blood during the period of the maximum concentration of drug in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80220
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29
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Abstract
Clarithromycin is known to accumulate in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but no accumulation studies with macrophages have been reported. We exposed J774 macrophages, grown for 4-6 days, to clarithromycin 3.0 micrograms/ml for 2 hours. The cells were separated from the extracellular fluid, and the concentration of clarithromycin was determined in an agar diffusion bioassay. The accumulation of clarithromycin was 15.8-fold greater in the cells than it was in the extracellular fluid when the test was performed with noninfected cells, and 17.3-fold greater for cells infected with Mycobacterium avium. However, the ratio was substantially lower, only 3.7 for dead macrophages, suggesting that intracellular accumulation is probably an active process. These data may clarify the nature of the activity of clarithromycin against M. avium in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206
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30
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Abstract
Mycobacterium avium strains susceptible to clarithromycin and azithromycin contain mutants resistant to these macrolides with a frequency of 1.1 x 10(-10) to 1.2 x 10(-6). Cross-resistance between clarithromycin and azithromycin was demonstrated with mutants selected in the laboratory as well as with resistant strains isolated from patients. The susceptibility-resistance patterns of the macrolide-resistant strains with drugs other than macrolides were the same as those of the original susceptible strains. The emergence of clarithromycin resistance in patients was a result of multiplication of the preexisting resistant mutants that survived the elimination of bacteria during the initial period of treatment and was an exclusive cause of the relapse of bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Heifets
- National Jewish Center for Immunology, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver
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31
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Mor N, Heifets L. Inhibition of intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium by one pulsed exposure of infected macrophages to clarithromycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37:1380-2. [PMID: 8328792 PMCID: PMC187973 DOI: 10.1128/aac.37.6.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A single 2-h pulsed exposure of either human monocyte-derived macrophages or J774 cells infected with Mycobacterium avium to clarithromycin at 3.0 micrograms/ml completely inhibited the intracellular bacterial growth during the first four days of observation, and then only a slight increase in the number of CFU per milliliter took place between the fourth and seventh days. These data suggest that in vivo the intracellular bacteria can be effectively inhibited after a short period when the concentration of the drug in blood reaches its maximum. On the basis of these data, the assumptions that the elimination of bacteremia observed in clarithromycin clinical trials is a result of the activity of the drug not only against bacteria in blood but in macrophages as well and that the peak concentration attainable in blood is essential for these effects can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado
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32
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Merlob P, Mor N, Litwin A. Transient hepatic dysfunction in an infant of an epileptic mother treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Ann Pharmacother 1993; 26:1563-5. [PMID: 1362364 DOI: 10.1177/106002809202601215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A case is reported of a carbamazepine (CBZ)-treated epileptic mother whose newborn presented with transient hepatic dysfunction characterized by direct hyperbilirubinemia and high concentrations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). DATA SOURCES Information was obtained from case reports, clinical trials, and relevant bibliographic laboratory studies. DATA EXTRACTION Data from case reports were evaluated and compared with those from our patient. The hepatotoxic reactions together with the microsomal enzymatic induction of CBZ were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS A female infant born to an epileptic mother treated with CBZ throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding presented with transient direct hyperbilirubinemia and high concentrations of GGT. The characteristics of her transient hepatic dysfunction were: early appearance (during the first day of life); discrepancy between the normal liver enzymes and high GGT concentrations; slow decrease of GGT, which nevertheless remained at above-normal concentrations even after the complete disappearance of direct hyperbilirubinemia; and spontaneous resolution in spite of only occasional breastfeeding. The possible explanations of this transient hepatic dysfunction (like enzymatic induction) are discussed. CONCLUSIONS CBZ-induced hepatic dysfunction in neonates appears to have different clinical expressions. Infants of epileptic mothers treated with CBZ throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding should be carefully monitored for possible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Merlob
- Department of Neonatology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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33
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Abstract
The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of clarithromycin were determined quantitatively against the intracellular populations of five Mycobacterium avium strains growing in monocyte-derived human macrophages. The MICs were 1.0 microgram/ml, and the MBCs ranged from 16.0 to 64.0 micrograms/ml; these values were similar to the MICs and MBCs found in broth cultures at pH 7.4 and were substantially lower than those found in broth cultures at pHs 6.8 and 5.0. Since the intracellular environment has a neutral or even an acidic pH, relatively low MICs and MBCs found in macrophage cultures can be associated with the fact that the drug concentrations in macrophages are substantially higher than those in the medium in which these cells are cultivated. Pretreatment of the macrophages 2 days prior to infection decreased the MICs twofold in comparison with results of experiments in which the drug was added to already infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206
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Mor N, Qualls CW, Hoover JP. Concurrent mammary gland hyperplasia and adrenocortical carcinoma in a domestic ferret. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201:1911-2. [PMID: 1483915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland hyperplasia associated with adrenocortical carcinoma in a domestic ferret had a histologic appearance similar to that observed in cats. It is important to consider this hyperplastic condition in the differential diagnosis of mammary gland enlargement in the ferret.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
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35
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Hod M, Merlob P, Friedman S, Litwin A, Mor N, Rusecki Y, Schoenfeld A, Ovadia J. Prevalence of minor congenital anomalies in newborns of diabetic mothers. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1992; 44:111-6. [PMID: 1587375 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(92)90055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Minor congenital anomalies (MCA) were assessed in the offspring of 802 gestational diabetic mothers, 117 pre-gestational diabetic mothers, and 380 offspring born to normal mothers. The prevalence of infants with MCA ranged between 19.4% and 20.5% in the three groups without any significant difference between them. There was no correlation between the prevalence and type of MCA and the severity of the diabetic state. Neither was there any correlation between the prevalence or type of MCA and the appearance or type of major congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hod
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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36
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Silbaq F, Mor N, Levy L, Bercovier H. The disease of CBA and BALB/c mice that follows inoculation of a small number of Mycobacterium lepraemurium into the hind foot pad. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1990; 58:681-9. [PMID: 2280119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To learn if the lack of an immune response in mice infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) was a consequence of the organisms, we studied the disease that followed inoculation of less than or equal to 5000 organisms into the hind foot pads of CBA and BALB/c mice. The mice of both strains demonstrated a rapid increase of bacterial numbers soon after inoculation, with a slowing of the rate of multiplication once the number of organisms per foot pad passed 3 x 10(7). By 1 year after inoculation, the numbers of organisms had reached levels greater than or equal to 10(11) in the spleen and liver, and greater than or equal to 10(8) in the femoral bone marrow. In mice that had been inoculated with as few as 5 MLM or 50 MLM, the organisms had multiplied to numbers greater than 10(8) in the foot pads and to greater than or equal to 10(9) in the spleens, suggesting that the ID50 of viable MLM may be less than or equal to 5 organisms per foot pad. No protection against superinfection could be demonstrated. On the other hand, initial multiplication of MLM in the foot pads was followed virtually immediately by the death of at least 97% of the organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Silbaq
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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37
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Abstract
Blood-stained maternal milk at delivery and during lactation was prospectively studied in 7774 livebirths over a period of 2 years (1986-1988). Eight mothers had this atypical breast discharge, a prevalence rate of 1:971 livebirths (0.1%). The characteristics of this phenomenon were: early appearance (frequently a short time after delivery), with normal bacteriologic and cytologic investigations, disappearance in 2 to 5 days, without adverse effects on the mothers and their babies, no recurrence after cessation, and occurrence in the previous pregnancies (3 of the 5 multipara). As a result, the best policy is to reassure the parents about the benign and transient course of this condition and to recommend continuation of breast feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Merlob
- Department of Neonatology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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38
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Merlob P, Litwin A, Mor N. Possible association between acetazolamide administration during pregnancy and metabolic disorders in the newborn. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1990; 35:85-8. [PMID: 2311821 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(90)90146-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Development of metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in a preterm infant whose mother was treated with acetazolamide throughout pregnancy is described. These neonatal metabolic alterations possibly related to acetazolamide administration in pregnancy have not been previously described in the literature. The metabolic acidosis was transient and resolved spontaneously despite breast feeding and continued administration of acetazolamide to the mother. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia resolved quickly with appropriate treatment with calcium gluconate and magnesium sulphate, respectively. At follow-up at ages 1, 3 and 8 months, the baby showed mild hypertonicity of the lower limbs requiring physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Merlob
- Department of Neonatology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Merlob P, Litmanovitch I, Mor N, Litwin A, Wielunsky E. Necrotizing enterocolitis after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia. Eur J Pediatr 1990; 149:432-3. [PMID: 2332014 DOI: 10.1007/bf02009666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A male neonate of 38 weeks' gestation with isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia treated with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) at 3 days of age. The known maternal and neonatal risk factors for the development of this disease were excluded. The association between high dose IVIG and the appearance of thrombotic events might be another aetiological factor for occurrence of NEC in a newborn infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Merlob
- Department of Neonatology, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
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Goren MB, Mor N. Influence of phagosomal contents on the apparent inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion mediated by polyanionic substances in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Biochem Cell Biol 1990; 68:24-32. [PMID: 1693519 DOI: 10.1139/o90-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of fusion of phagosomes with secondary lysosomes in macrophages is facilitated by assessing transfer of fluorescent or electron-opaque markers (or both) from the lysosomes to the phagosomes. When certain virulent viable pathogens are phagocytosed by mouse peritoneal macrophages, phagosome-lysosome fusion (P-LF) is inhibited. Nonviable counterparts ordinarily cannot impose this block. A similar, but spurious, block to P-LF seems to be mediated from the lysosomal domain following sequestration of certain polyanionic substances. This block has been judged to be relieved by, for example, heat-killed yeasts and various viable bacteria designated as fusion-inducing microorganisms, acting from the phagosome. In this study we tested this concept and believed it to be unfounded. Macrophages labeled with Thorotrast and incubated with dextran sulfate were offered a variety of viable and heat-killed microorganisms for phagocytosis: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mycobacterium lepraemurium, Streptococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli. By electron microscopy, a transfer of Thorotrast to phagosomes up to 18 h was seen to be highly suppressed as compared with controls, but was not notably different for any of the targets, whether viable or not. Instead, inert 0.45-micron carboxylated polystyrene beads (the smallest target) showed the most delivery of marker. If polyanionic agents truly inhibited fusion, then "fusiogenic" microorganisms should free the marker for delivery. If polyanions do not inhibit P-LF and only trap the marker, the behavior of the various targets would correspond to what we found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Goren
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
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Abstract
Gamma interferon, an immune lymphokine that protects mouse macrophages against infection by several parasites, was ineffective against Mycobacterium lepraemurium. On the contrary, it significantly stimulated multiplication of M. lepraemurium in the macrophages. Simultaneous treatment of macrophages with gamma interferon and interleukin-4 or interleukin-2 or a combination of all three did not enhance the macrophage resistance to infection with M. lepraemurium, but instead stimulated growth of M. lepraemurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206
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Mor N, Merlob P. Congenital absence of the hymen only a rumor? Pediatrics 1988; 82:679-80. [PMID: 3262858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Abstract
CBA mice inoculated i.v. with 2 x 10(8) viable MLM were observed at intervals for 5 months. In the bone marrow, haematopoietic cells were progressively displaced by MLM-laden phagocytes; depletion of erythroid cells began earlier and was more pronounced than that of myeloid cells. Transiently, mild anaemia and profound leucopenia were noted. The spleen was enlarged and the site of increasing histiocytosis and extramedullary haematopoiesis which was accompanied by displacement of splenic parenchyma. The liver was enlarged and its parenchyma contained scattered islands of haematopoietic elements. Lymph node cells had been largely replaced by MLM-laden macrophages by the end of the process. Thus, MLM infection exerts important effects on haematopoiesis of susceptible mice and is accompanied by active extramedullary haematopoiesis. In addition, the haemophagocytosis, observed most commonly in immuno-compromised patients infected with certain viral or mycobacterial pathogens, was observed late in the course of MLM disease of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Resnick
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Mor N, Goren MB, Pabst MJ. Mycobacterium lepraemurium activates macrophages but fails to trigger release of superoxide anion. J Immunol 1988; 140:3956-61. [PMID: 2836508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium lepraemurium failed to stimulate a normal respiratory burst when presented to mouse peritoneal or bone marrow macrophages. By comparison, Mycobacterium bovis (strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as expected, stimulated macrophages to release a large amount of superoxide anion (O2-). M. lepraemurium did not interfere with the response to yeast when both microbes were added together to macrophages. The low release of O2- induced by M. lepraemurium was not due to failure of M. lepraemurium to activate or prime macrophages, because exposure of macrophages to M. lepraemurium caused the expected enhancement of O2- release when the macrophages were stimulated by PMA. Similarly, macrophages taken from mice infected with M. lepraemurium were activated, as indicated by high PMA-stimulated O2- release. Macrophages primed in vitro by exposure to Escherichia coli LPS for 24 h did show a moderate O2- response when stimulated by M. lepraemurium, but macrophages primed by exposure to IFN-gamma muramyl dipeptide, or M. lepraemurium showed a weak response when subsequently challenged with M. lepraemurium. The priming effect of M. lepraemurium or LPS decreased substantially after macrophages were cultured in fresh medium for 24 h. Heat killing or opsonization of M. lepraemurium caused the M. lepraemurium to stimulate a high amount of O2- release from LPS-primed macrophages, but heat killing or opsonization of M. lepraemurium had no effect on release of O2- from unprimed macrophages. The results suggest that M. lepraemurium is taken into macrophages by a mechanism that bypasses the FcR and other receptors that are capable of triggering the production of O2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
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Mor N, Goren MB, Pabst MJ. Mycobacterium lepraemurium activates macrophages but fails to trigger release of superoxide anion. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.140.11.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mycobacterium lepraemurium failed to stimulate a normal respiratory burst when presented to mouse peritoneal or bone marrow macrophages. By comparison, Mycobacterium bovis (strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as expected, stimulated macrophages to release a large amount of superoxide anion (O2-). M. lepraemurium did not interfere with the response to yeast when both microbes were added together to macrophages. The low release of O2- induced by M. lepraemurium was not due to failure of M. lepraemurium to activate or prime macrophages, because exposure of macrophages to M. lepraemurium caused the expected enhancement of O2- release when the macrophages were stimulated by PMA. Similarly, macrophages taken from mice infected with M. lepraemurium were activated, as indicated by high PMA-stimulated O2- release. Macrophages primed in vitro by exposure to Escherichia coli LPS for 24 h did show a moderate O2- response when stimulated by M. lepraemurium, but macrophages primed by exposure to IFN-gamma muramyl dipeptide, or M. lepraemurium showed a weak response when subsequently challenged with M. lepraemurium. The priming effect of M. lepraemurium or LPS decreased substantially after macrophages were cultured in fresh medium for 24 h. Heat killing or opsonization of M. lepraemurium caused the M. lepraemurium to stimulate a high amount of O2- release from LPS-primed macrophages, but heat killing or opsonization of M. lepraemurium had no effect on release of O2- from unprimed macrophages. The results suggest that M. lepraemurium is taken into macrophages by a mechanism that bypasses the FcR and other receptors that are capable of triggering the production of O2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - M B Goren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - M J Pabst
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
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Mor N, Resnick M, Silbaq F, Bercovier H, Levy L. Reduction of tellurite and deesterification of fluorescein diacetate are not well correlated with the viability of mycobacteria. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 1988; 139:279-88. [PMID: 3179056 DOI: 10.1016/0769-2609(88)90019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Both Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepraemurium (MLM) were capable of reducing tellurium as tellurite ion (Te4+) to elemental tellurium (Te), seen by electron microscopy as fine crystals within the bacterial cells. There appeared to be close correspondence between the capacity to reduce tellurite, bright green fluorescence after staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and the ability of M. smegmatis to multiply in culture. Likewise, there appeared to be correspondence between tellurite reduction and fluorescence after FDA staining for MLM subjected to prolonged storage in the cold or to heating at 70 degrees C. However, correspondence with tellurite-reduction or fluorescence after FDA staining was not observed when death of MLM occurred in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mor
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem
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Mor N, Goren MB. Discrepancy in assessment of phagosome-lysosome fusion with two lysosomal markers in murine macrophages infected with Candida albicans. Infect Immun 1987; 55:1663-7. [PMID: 3298062 PMCID: PMC260575 DOI: 10.1128/iai.55.7.1663-1667.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagosome-lysosome fusion (P-LF) was studied in cultured mouse resident peritoneal macrophages after phagocytosis of Candida albicans. The macrophages were labeled with acridine orange (AO), the electronopaque colloidal Thorotrast, or both markers. After phagocytosis of heat-killed C. albicans, both markers were delivered to more than 95% of phagosomes. After ingestion of viable C. albicans by labeled cells, delivery of AO to phagosomes was highly suppressed (90%), and yet Thorotrast delivery was almost universal. After phagocytosis and 60 min of incubation, about 10 to 20% of the yeasts were killed, and a similar fraction of phagosomes was stained by the fluorescent marker. The evidence from Thorotrast transfer and assessment of yeast viability indicates that C. albicans largely resists intracellular killing by resident macrophages in the face of entirely uninhibited P-LF. We infer that AO must transfer to nearly all of the phagosomes but that it is evidently recognizable only in those in which the yeasts have been killed or possibly severely injured. This conclusion constitutes yet another limitation in the usefulness of AO for studying P-LF.
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Resnick M, Bercovier H, Aizer F, Mor N, Levy L. Death of Mycobacterium lepraemurium after multiplication in CBA, BALB/c and nude mice. Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 1987; 138:15-9. [PMID: 2955800 DOI: 10.1016/0769-2609(87)90049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The unexpected death of Mycobacterium lepraemurium in the course of systemic infection of mice, previously noted in the spleens of CBA mice, has been demonstrated in the spleens of BALB/c nu/+ and BALB/c nu/nu mice and also in the livers and other organs of mice of all three strains. That the same phenomenon was observed in nu/nu mice indicates that the mechanism of bacterial death does not involve a T-lymphocyte-mediated cellular immune response on the part of the mice.
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Abstract
A rare type of epispadias in a neonate is described in which a complete phimotic prepuce was present. In this situation, the accurate diagnosis is very difficult and may be easily overlooked in the neonatal period. The broad, spadelike glans, the dorsally directed prepucial opening, and the urinary stream are signs previously described. The special shape of the raphe penis and the depression between the corpora cavernosa felt by palpation of the glans are useful new clinical signs to suspect this type of epispadias.
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