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O'Sullivan N. General Practice - Is it really "The Easy Option". Ir Med J 2023; 116:2. [PMID: 36917085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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FitzGerald J, Lester K, O'Sullivan N, Crispie F, Lawton E, Cotter P, McNally P, Cox D. 524 Striking a BAL-NS: Combining metagenomics with culture methods shows nasal swabs to be a good proxy for bronchoalveolar lavage in microbial and pathogen surveillance. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Buckley E, Jonsson A, Flood Z, Lavelle M, Nurdin N, Dowling P, Duggan E, O'Sullivan N, McGreevy C, Duggan J, Kyne L, McCabe J. 57 POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs are associated with falls, hospitalisation, and cognitive decline. Few studies have investigated the association between PIMs related to cognitive impairment (PIMCog) and mortality in dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods
This was a retrospective observational study. Patients diagnosed with MCI or dementia (DSM-IV criteria) presenting to a tertiary-referral memory clinic from 2013–2019 were eligible. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Secondary outcomes were vascular death and non-vascular death defined according to formal certification. The primary exposure variable of interest was PIMCog, defined as any medication in the Beers 2015 or STOPP criteria, classified as potentially inappropriate for patients with cognitive impairment. Anticholinergic burden was measured using the anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) scale. Polypharmacy was defined as ≥5 medications. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
There were 418 patients included (n = 261 dementia, n = 157 MCI). The median age was 79 (interquartile range {IQR} 74–82) and median follow-up was 809 days (IQR 552–1,571). One or more PIMCog was prescribed in 141 patients (33.4%). PIMCog use was associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sex, dementia severity, Charlson Co-morbidity Index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive cardiac failure, and peripheral vascular disease (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.24–3.09). PIMCog use was associated with vascular death (HR 3.28, 95% CI 1.51–7.11) but not with non-vascular death (HR 1.40 95% CI: 0.78–2.52). Neither an ACB ≥3 (HR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.46–1.64) or polypharmacy (HR 1.87, 95% CI: 0.67–5.24) were associated with death.
Conclusion
The burden of PIMCog use in patients with cognitive impairment is high. PIMCog use is independently associated with all-cause mortality and vascular death. This is a potential modifiable risk factor for death in patients with neurocognitive disorders. Further research is required to independently validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buckley
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Jonsson
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Z Flood
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Lavelle
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Nurdin
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Dowling
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Duggan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - N O'Sullivan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C McGreevy
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Duggan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Kyne
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - J McCabe
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
- Stroke Clinical Trials Network Ireland, Catherine Mc Auley Centre , Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Powell JL, Furlong J, de Bézenac CE, O'Sullivan N, Corcoran R. The Pragmatics of Pragmatic Language and the Curse of Ambiguity: An fMRI Study. Neuroscience 2019; 418:96-109. [PMID: 31473276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In pragmatic language, there is an intentional distinction between the literal meaning of what is said, and what the speaker actually means. Previous neuroimaging investigations of pragmatic language have contrasted it with literal language; however, such contrasts may have been confounded by the higher levels of ambiguity in pragmatic language. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare pragmatic sentences (specifically requiring the interpretation of nonliteral meaning in the form of hints) with unintentionally ambiguous scenarios. Analysis showed that ambiguous language activated brain areas recognized to play a role in generating a theory of mind (ToM) that have previously been argued to support understanding of pragmatic language, specifically medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). In contrast, the pragmatic scenarios drew on anterior temporal, superior parietal lobule, in addition to precuneus. While no effect of gender was found for unintentionally ambiguous stimuli, females showed greater activity than males within mPFC and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for pragmatic scenarios - regions thought to be involved in cognitive and affective empathy, respectively. Findings suggest that while areas underpinning ToM are sufficient to support meaning derivation in the context of ambiguity, reasoning about pragmatic intent is more reliant on access to self-referential memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Powell
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University/, UK; Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool/, UK; Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC), University of Liverpool/, UK.
| | - Joe Furlong
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool/, UK; Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC), University of Liverpool/, UK
| | - Christophe E de Bézenac
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool/, UK; Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC), University of Liverpool/, UK
| | | | - Rhiannon Corcoran
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool/, UK; Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC), University of Liverpool/, UK
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O'Sullivan N, de Bezenac C, Piovesan A, Cutler H, Corcoran R, Fenyvesi D, Bertamini M. I Am There … but Not Quite: An Unfaithful Mirror That Reduces Feelings of Ownership and Agency. Perception 2017; 47:197-215. [PMID: 29161965 DOI: 10.1177/0301006617743392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The experience of seeing one's own face in a mirror is a common experience in daily life. Visual feedback from a mirror is linked to a sense of identity. We developed a procedure that allowed individuals to watch their own face, as in a normal mirror, or with specific distortions (lag) for active movement or passive touch. By distorting visual feedback while the face is being observed on a screen, we document an illusion of reduced embodiment. Participants made mouth movements, while their forehead was touched with a pen. Visual feedback was either synchronous (simultaneous) with reality, as in a mirror, or asynchronous (delayed). Asynchronous feedback was exclusive to touch or movement in different conditions and incorporated both in a third condition. Following stimulation, participants rated their perception of the face in the mirror, and perception of their own face, on questions that tapped into agency and ownership. Results showed that perceptions of both agency and ownership were affected by asynchrony. Effects related to agency, in particular, were moderated by individual differences in depersonalisation and auditory hallucination-proneness, variables with theoretical links to embodiment. The illusion presents a new way of investigating the extent to which body representations are malleable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen O'Sullivan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christophe de Bezenac
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea Piovesan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hannah Cutler
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhiannon Corcoran
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Fenyvesi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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6
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Morrissey SM, Nielsen M, Ryan L, Al Dhanhani H, Meehan M, McDermott S, O'Sullivan N, Doyle M, Gavin P, O'Sullivan N, Cunney R, Drew RJ. Group B streptococcal PCR testing in comparison to culture for diagnosis of late onset bacteraemia and meningitis in infants aged 7-90 days: a multi-centre diagnostic accuracy study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1317-1324. [PMID: 28247153 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare an in-house real-time PCR assay, with bacterial culture as the reference, for the diagnosis of late onset group B Streptococcal (GBS) disease. This was a retrospective review. All children aged 7-90 days presenting to four paediatric centres that had a blood or CSF sample tested by GBS PCR were included. Of 7,686 blood and 2,495 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients of all ages received for PCR testing, 893 and 859 samples were eligible for the study, respectively. When compared to culture, the sensitivity of blood PCR was 65% (13/20) in comparison to the CSF PCR test which was 100% (5/5). Ten of 23 PCR-positive blood samples and 17 of 22 PCR-positive CSF samples were culture negative. The median threshold Ct values for culture-positive/PCR-positive CSF samples was lower than that of culture-negative/PCR-positive CSF samples (p = 0.08). Clinical details of 17 available cases that were culture negative/PCR positive were reviewed; seven were deemed to be definite cases, eight were probable and two were possible. The results showed that detection of GBS by PCR is useful for CSF samples from infants aged 7-90 days with suspected meningitis; however, analysis of blood samples by PCR is of limited value as a routine screening test for late onset GBS sepsis and should not replace bacterial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Morrissey
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - M Nielsen
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - L Ryan
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Waterford, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - H Al Dhanhani
- Departments of Microbiology and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - M Meehan
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - S McDermott
- Department of Microbiology, Our Lady's Hospital, Co. Louth, Drogheda, Ireland
| | - N O'Sullivan
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - M Doyle
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Waterford, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - P Gavin
- Departments of Microbiology and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - N O'Sullivan
- Departments of Microbiology and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - R Cunney
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - R J Drew
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland. .,Department of Microbiology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland. .,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Rotunda Hospital, Parnell Square, Dublin 1, Ireland.
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7
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O'Sullivan N, Davis P, Billington J, Gonzalez-Diaz V, Corcoran R. "Shall I compare thee": The neural basis of literary awareness, and its benefits to cognition. Cortex 2015; 73:144-57. [PMID: 26409018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to explore the neural and cognitive basis of literary awareness in 24 participants. The 2×2 design explored the capacity to process and derive meanings in complex poetic and prosaic texts that either did or did not require significant reappraisal during reading. Following this, participants rated each piece on its 'poeticness' and the extent to which it prompted a reappraisal of meaning during reading, providing subjective measures of poetic recognition and the need to reappraise meaning. The substantial shared variance between these 2 subjective measures provided a proxy measure of literary awareness, which was found to modulate activity in regions comprising the central executive and saliency networks. We suggest that enhanced literary awareness is related to increased flexibility of internal models of meaning, enhanced interoceptive awareness of change, and an enhanced capacity to reason about events. In addition, we found that the residual variance in the measure of poetic recognition modulated right dorsal caudate activity, which may be related to tolerance of uncertainty. These findings are consistent with evidence that relates reading to improved mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen O'Sullivan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Philip Davis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Josie Billington
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Victorina Gonzalez-Diaz
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhiannon Corcoran
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health, & Society, University of Liverpool, UK.
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8
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de Bézenac CE, Sluming V, O'Sullivan N, Corcoran R. Ambiguity between self and other: Individual differences in action attribution. Conscious Cogn 2015; 35:1-15. [PMID: 25956971 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals differ in their ability to attribute actions to self or other. This variance is thought to explain, in part, the experience of voice-hearing. Misattribution can also be context-driven. For example, causal ambiguity can arise when the actions of two or more individuals are coordinated and produce similar effects (e.g., music-making). Experience in such challenging contexts may refine skills of action attribution. Forty participants completed a novel finger-tapping task which parametrically manipulated the proportion of control that 'self' versus 'other' possessed over resulting auditory tones. Results showed that action misattribution peaked in the middle of the self-to-other continuum and was biased towards other. This pattern was related to both high hallucination-proneness and to low musical-experience. Findings suggest not only that causal ambiguity plays a key role in agency but also that action attribution abilities may improve with practice, potentially providing an avenue for remediation of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe E de Bézenac
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Block B, 2nd Floor, L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Vanessa Sluming
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Whelan Building, The Quadrangle, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3 GB, United Kingdom.
| | - Noreen O'Sullivan
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Block B, 2nd Floor, L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Rhiannon Corcoran
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Block B, 2nd Floor, L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
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9
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dePersio S, Utterback PL, Utterback CW, Rochell SJ, O'Sullivan N, Bregendahl K, Arango J, Parsons CM, Koelkebeck KW. Effects of feeding diets varying in energy and nutrient density to Hy-Line W-36 laying hens on production performance and economics. Poult Sci 2015; 94:195-206. [PMID: 25595478 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of feeding 5 different energy and nutrient dense diets to Hy-Line W-36 hens on long-term performance and economics. A total of 480 19 wk old Hy-Line W-36 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were weighed and randomly allocated to 6 replicate groups of 16 hens each (2 adjacent cages containing 8 hens per cage, 60.9×58.4 cm) per dietary treatment in a randomized complete block design. The hens were fed 5 treatment diets formulated to contain 85, 90, 95, 100, and 105% of the energy and nutrient recommendations stated in the 2009 Hy-Line Variety W-36 Commercial Management Guide. Production performance was measured for 52 wk from 19 to 70 wk age. Over the course of the trial, a significant increasing linear response to increasing energy and nutrient density was seen for hen-day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed efficiency, energy intake, and body weight (BW). Feed intake showed no significant linear level response to increasing energy and nutrient density except during the early production cycle. No consistent responses were noted for egg quality, percent yolk, and percent egg solids throughout the study. Significant linear responses due to energy and nutrient density were seen for egg income, feed cost, and income minus feed cost. In general, as energy and nutrient density increased, egg income and feed cost per hen increased, but income minus feed cost decreased. Overall, these results indicate that feeding Hy-Line W-36 hens increasing energy and nutrient-dense diets will increase egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed efficiency, energy intake, BW, egg income, and feed cost, but decrease egg income minus feed cost. However, these benefits do not take effect in early production and seem to be most effective in later stages of the production cycle, perhaps "priming" the birds for better egg-production persistency with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S dePersio
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - P L Utterback
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - C W Utterback
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - S J Rochell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | | | - J Arango
- Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA 50063
| | - C M Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - K W Koelkebeck
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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10
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Sitko K, Bentall RP, Shevlin M, O'Sullivan N, Sellwood W. Associations between specific psychotic symptoms and specific childhood adversities are mediated by attachment styles: an analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Psychiatry Res 2014; 217:202-9. [PMID: 24726818 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence over the past decade consistently demonstrates a relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis in adulthood. There is some evidence of specific associations between childhood sexual abuse and hallucinations, and between insecure attachment and paranoia. Data from the National Comorbidity Survey were used in assessing whether current attachment styles influenced the association between adverse childhood experiences and psychotic symptoms in adulthood. Hallucinations and paranoid beliefs were differentially associated with sexual abuse (rape and sexual molestation) and neglect, respectively. Sexual abuse and neglect were also associated with depression. The relationship between neglect and paranoid beliefs was fully mediated via anxious and avoidant attachment. The relationship between sexual molestation and hallucinations was independent of attachment style. The relationship between rape and hallucinations was partially mediated via anxious attachment; however this effect was no longer present when depression was included as a mediating variable. The findings highlight the importance of addressing and understanding childhood experiences within the context of current attachment styles in clinical interventions for patients with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sitko
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.
| | - Richard P Bentall
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK
| | - Noreen O'Sullivan
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - William Sellwood
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
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11
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Mason L, O'Sullivan N, Montaldi D, Bentall RP, El-Deredy W. Decision-making and trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder are associated with reduced prefrontal regulation of striatal reward valuation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2346-55. [PMID: 25009169 PMCID: PMC4107743 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterized by impaired decision-making captured in impulsivity and risk-taking. We sought to determine whether this is driven by a failure to effectively weight the lower-order goal of obtaining a strongly desired reward in relation to higher-order goals, and how this relates to trait impulsivity and risk-taking. We hypothesized that in bipolar disorder the weighting of valuation signals converging on ventromedial prefrontal cortex are more heavily weighted towards ventral striatum inputs (lower-order), with less weighting of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex inputs (higher-order). Twenty euthymic patients with bipolar disorder not in receipt of antipsychotic medication and 20 case-matched controls performed a roulette task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activity in response to high-probability ('safe') and low-probability ('risky') prospects was measured during both anticipation, and outcome. In control subjects, anticipatory and outcome-locked activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was greater for safe than risky reward prospects. The bipolar disorder group showed the opposite pattern with preferential response to risky rewards. This group also showed increased anticipatory and outcome-locked activity in ventral striatum in response to rewards. In control subjects, however, ventromedial prefrontal activation was positively associated with both ventral striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal activity; patients evidenced a strong positive association with ventral striatum, but a negative association with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Response to high-probability rewards in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was inversely associated with trait impulsivity and risk-taking in the bipolar disorder group. Our findings suggest that clinically impulsive and risky decision-making are related to subjective valuation that is biased towards lower-order preference, with diminished integration of higher-order goals. The findings extend a functional neuroanatomical account of disorders characterized by clinically impulsive decision-making, and provide targets for evaluating interventions that foster self-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Mason
- 1 School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Noreen O'Sullivan
- 2 Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Daniela Montaldi
- 1 School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard P Bentall
- 2 Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- 1 School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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12
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Abstract
Background Mania is characterised by increased impulsivity and risk-taking, and psychological accounts argue that these features may be due to hypersensitivity to reward. The neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we examine reinforcement learning and sensitivity to both reward and punishment outcomes in hypomania-prone individuals not receiving pharmacotherapy. Method We recorded EEG from 45 healthy individuals split into three groups by low, intermediate and high self-reported hypomanic traits. Participants played a computerised card game in which they learned the reward contingencies of three cues. Neural responses to monetary gain and loss were measured using the feedback-related negativity (FRN), a component implicated in motivational outcome evaluation and reinforcement learning. Results As predicted, rewards elicited a smaller FRN in the hypomania-prone group relative to the low hypomania group, indicative of greater reward responsiveness. The hypomania-prone group also showed smaller FRN to losses, indicating diminished response to negative feedback. Conclusion Our findings indicate that proneness to hypomania is associated with both reward hypersensitivity and discounting of punishment. This positive evaluation bias may be driven by aberrant reinforcement learning signals, which fail to update future expectations. This provides a possible neural mechanism explaining risk-taking and impaired reinforcement learning in BD. Further research will be needed to explore the potential value of the FRN as a biological vulnerability marker for mania and pathological risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Mason
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, United Kingdom.
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Rao U, Piccin A, Malone A, O'Hanlon K, Breatnach F, O'Meara A, McDermott M, Butler K, O'Sullivan N, Russell J, O'Marcaigh A, Smith OP. Utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection in children with haematological malignancies. Ir J Med Sci 2012; 182:177-83. [PMID: 22983868 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-012-0852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibre-optic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a safe procedure and is associated with low morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. Although many studies have highlighted the advantages of positive BAL results in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections, there have been few reports examining the impact of a negative BAL result on clinical management in immunocompromised children on empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate BAL in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in children with haematological malignancies who develop pneumonia unresponsive to empiric antimicrobial therapy, and also to determine whether a negative BAL result contributed to the clinical management of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 44 BAL procedures performed in 33 children with haematological malignancy diagnosed and treated at Our Lady's Children Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland, over a 10-year period was carried out. RESULTS We identified a pathogen causing pneumonia in 24 of 44 BAL procedures (54.5 %). The BAL procedure resulted in modification of antimicrobial treatment after 20 of 24 procedures with positive results (83.3 %) in 16 of 20 patients (80 %). Management was changed after 8 of 20 procedures with negative results (40 %) in 8 of 18 patients (44.4 %). The procedure was well tolerated in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the use of bronchoscopy with BAL as a diagnostic intervention in this patient population. We consider BAL a safe procedure from which both positive and negative results contribute to the patient's clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rao
- Department of Haematology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
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McAllister K, Sheridan-Pereira M, O'Sullivan N, O'Kelly R, Mark D, Czilwik G, Martin C, Sheils O, O'Leary J. Clinical utility of using C-reactive protein and procalcitonin as biomarkers for a novel neonatal sepsis diagnostic platform (ASCMicroPlat). Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3504907 DOI: 10.1186/cc11793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Mason L, O'Sullivan N, Blackburn M, Bentall R, El-Deredy W. I want it now! Neural correlates of hypersensitivity to immediate reward in hypomania. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:530-7. [PMID: 22104291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomania is associated with impulsive decision making and risk taking, characteristics that may arise from hypersensitivity to reward. To date, the neural dynamics underlying intertemporal reward processing have neither been characterized clinically nor in the general population. Taking vulnerability to hypomania as a surrogate model of impulsivity, we utilized event-related potentials to study the neural mechanisms of delay discounting. METHODS In the first experiment, 32 participants completed an established Two Choice Impulsivity Paradigm in which free choice between immediate and delayed rewards was used to quantify impulsivity behaviorally. In the second experiment, electroencephalography was recorded while 32 separately recruited participants completed a speeded response task involving gains and losses of monetary incentives to be paid at three different delays after the experiment. RESULTS In the first experiment, the hypomania-prone group made significantly more immediate choices than the control group. In the second experiment, the hypomania-prone group evidenced greater differentiation between delayed and immediate outcomes in early attention-sensitive (N1) and later reward-sensitive (feedback-related negativity) components. Proneness to hypomania was also associated with greater N1 amplitude to rewards per se. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate steeper delay discounting in hypomania at multiple stages of information processing. The N1 modulation by valence and delay suggests an attentional bias to immediate rewards, which may drive subsequent cognitive appraisal of outcomes (feedback-related negativity). These results highlight the early influence of attention on reward processing and provide support for reward dysregulation accounts of bipolar disorder. Potential implications for mindfulness training and other therapeutic interventions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Mason
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Cox DW, Kelly C, Rush R, O'Sullivan N, Canny G, Linnane B. The impact of MRSA infection in the airways of children with cystic fibrosis; a case-control study. Ir Med J 2011; 104:305-308. [PMID: 22256443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) has risen dramatically over the past 10 years. The clinical significance of MRSA in CF patients remains undetermined. We conducted a review of patients with CF infected with MRSA over a 10 year period at Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin between 1999 and 2009. We collected data from 24 patients infected with MRSA and 24 control patients without MRSA There was a significant difference between the two groups in the rate of decline in percentage FEV1 two years after MRSA infection (Difference: -17.4, 95% CI: -30.48, -4.31, p = 0.01). A similar trend was seen for FVC% and FEF25-75% predicted. This study suggests that persistent MRSA infection in the airways of children with CF is associated with diminished lung function two years post acquisition, when compared to a matched control cohort without MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Cox
- Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12.
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O'Sullivan N, Szczepanowski R, El-Deredy W, Mason L, Bentall RP. fMRI evidence of a relationship between hypomania and both increased goal-sensitivity and positive outcome-expectancy bias. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2825-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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O'Sullivan N, Szczepanowski R, El-Deredy W, Mason L, Bentall RP. fMRI evidence of a relationship between hypomania and both increased goal-sensitivity and positive outcome-expectancy bias. Neuropsychologia 2011. [PMID: 21703286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.008.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mania is argued to stem from the dysfunctional processing of reward. Investigation of hypomania in healthy samples has the potential to offer refined insight into the particular aspects of reward processing in mania that are dysfunctional. METHOD In this study, fMRI was employed in contrasting a sample of 12 unmedicated subclinical hypomanic individuals with a sample of 12 unmedicated controls in order to investigate reward-related processing in a reinforcement-learning task. RESULTS Four findings in the hypomania-prone group relative to the control group supported atypical reward processing. Firstly, striatal activation that correlated with reward value and prediction error was stronger in response to cues and outcomes respectively, consistent with hypomania being related to an enhanced perception of the value of goals that may lead to reward. Secondly, value-related medial temporal activation was stronger in response to cues, suggesting that in hypomania-prone individuals, stimuli in memory were represented in accordance with their perceived value. Thirdly, these effects failed to be modulated by the actual value of outcomes, suggesting that hypomania is related to a decreased ability to discriminate between cues differing in value. Fourthly, increased insula activation in response to expected, but absent, reward was consistent with a bias towards expecting positive outcomes in decision-making. CONCLUSION Together, the findings suggest that enhanced perception and representation of goal-value that nonetheless fails to discriminate on the basis of actual goal-value, coupled with a positive outcome-expectancy bias, could be causally related to insatiable and indiscriminate reward seeking in mania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen O'Sullivan
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Adeilad Brigantia, Gwynedd, UK.
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Meenan AM, Maclellan A, O'Sullivan N, Hanniffy R. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from screening swabs: comparison of blood agar and SAID, pre and post-enrichment. Br J Biomed Sci 2010; 66:200-3. [PMID: 20095129 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2009.11730274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Meenan
- Microbiology Department, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Heifetz EM, Fulton JE, O'Sullivan N, Zhao H, Dekkers JCM, Soller M. Extent and consistency across generations of linkage disequilibrium in commercial layer chicken breeding populations. Genetics 2005; 171:1173-81. [PMID: 16118198 PMCID: PMC1456820 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies report a surprisingly high degree of marker-to-marker linkage disequilibrium (LD) in ruminant livestock populations. This has important implications for QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection. This study evaluated LD between microsatellite markers in a number of breeding populations of layer chickens using the standardized chi-square (chi(2')) measure. The results show appreciable LD among markers separated by up to 5 cM, decreasing rapidly with increased separation between markers. The LD within 5 cM was strongly conserved across generations and differed among chromosomal regions. Using marker-to-marker LD as an indication for marker-QTL LD, a genome scan of markers spaced 2 cM apart at moderate power would have good chances of uncovering most QTL segregating in these populations. However, of markers showing significant trait associations, only 57% are expected to be within 5 cM of the responsible QTL, and the remainder will be up to 20 cM away. Thus, high-resolution LD mapping of QTL will require dense marker genotyping across the region of interest to allow for interval mapping of the QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Heifetz
- Department of Genetics, Hebrew University, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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Fallon R, O'Sullivan N, Maher M, Carroll C. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from broiler chickens isolated at an Irish poultry processing plant. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 36:277-81. [PMID: 12680938 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from broiler chickens were determined in order to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter species in the Irish poultry industry. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-eight Camp. jejuni and 22 Camp. coli strains were examined for susceptibility to eight antibiotics using the disc diffusion assay. The highest level of resistance of the Camp. jejuni isolates was recorded to ampicillin (35.9%), followed by 20.5% to tetracycline, 20.5% to naladixic acid, 17.9% to ciprofloxacin, 10.2% to erythromycin, 2.5% to streptomycin and 1.2% to kanamycin. Multidrug resistance to two or more antibiotics was seen for 30.7% of Camp. jejuni strains. Resistance of the Camp. coli isolates was shown to ampicillin (9%) and tetracycline (18.2%). CONCLUSIONS The majority of Camp. jejuni strains were susceptible to antibiotics commonly used for human therapy. Camp. coli strains showed very low resistance levels and were susceptible to six of the eight antimicrobial agents studied. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Levels of Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli antimicrobial resistance in Irish poultry production was assessed to determine the current situation in Ireland. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter strains isolated from broiler chickens was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fallon
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Korb W, Engel D, Boesecke R, Eggers G, Marmulla R, O'Sullivan N, Raczkowsky J, Hassfeld S. Risk analysis for a reliable and safe surgical robot system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(03)00402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coleman NR, O'Sullivan N, Ryan KM, Crowley TA, Morris MA, Spalding TR, Steytler DC, Holmes JD. Synthesis and characterization of dimensionally ordered semiconductor nanowires within mesoporous silica. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7010-6. [PMID: 11459479 DOI: 10.1021/ja015833j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires of silicon have been synthesized within the pores of mesoporous silica using a novel supercritical fluid solution-phase approach. Mesoporous silica, formed by the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in the presence of a triblock copolymer surfactant, was employed for the nucleation and growth of quantum-confined nanowires. The filling of the silica mesopores with crystalline silicon and the anchoring of these nanowires to the sides of the pores were confirmed by several techniques including electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence. Effectively, the silica matrix provides a means of producing a high density of stable, well-ordered arrays of semiconductor nanowires in a low dielectric medium. The ordered arrays of silicon nanowires also exhibited discrete electronic and photoluminescence transitions that could be exploited in a number of applications, including nanodevices and interconnects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Coleman
- Department of Chemistry and Supercritical Fluid Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Beall HD, Winski S, Swann E, Hudnott AR, Cotterill AS, O'Sullivan N, Green SJ, Bien R, Siegel D, Ross D, Moody CJ. Indolequinone antitumor agents: correlation between quinone structure, rate of metabolism by recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4755-66. [PMID: 9822546 DOI: 10.1021/jm980328r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of indolequinones bearing various functional groups has been synthesized, and the effects of substituents on the metabolism of the quinones by recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) were studied. Thus 5-methoxyindolequinones were prepared by the Nenitzescu reaction, followed by functional group interconversions. The methoxy group was subsequently displaced by amine nucleophiles to give a series of amine-substituted quinones. Metabolism of the quinones by NQO1 revealed that, in general, compounds with electron-withdrawing groups at the indole 3-position were among the best substrates, whereas those with amine groups at the 5-position were poor substrates. Compounds with a leaving group at the 3-indolyl methyl position generally inactivated the enzyme. The toxicity toward non-small-cell lung cancer cells with either high NQO1 activity (H460) or no detectable activity (H596) was also studied in representative quinones. Compounds which were good substrates for NQO1 showed the highest selectivity between the two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Beall
- School of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Box C-238, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Rowland FS, Blake DR, Larsen BR, Lindskog A, Peterson PJ, Williams WP, Wallington TJ, Pilling MJ, Carslaw N, Creasey DJ, Heard DE, Jacobs P, Lee J, Lewis AC, McQuaid JB, Stockwell WR, Frank H, Sacco P, Cocheo V, Lynge E, Andersen A, Nilsson R, Barlow L, Pukkala E, Nordlinder R, Boffetta P, Grandjean P, Heikkil P, Hürte LG, Jakobsson R, Lundberg I, Moen B, Partanen T, Riise T, Borowiak A, De Saeger E, Schnitzler KG, Gravenhorst G, Jacobi HW, Moelders S, Lammel G, Busch G, Beese FO, Dentener FJ, Feichter J, Fraedrich K, Roelofs GJ, Friedrich R, Reis S, Voehringer F, Simpson D, Moussiopoulos N, Sahm P, Tourlou PM, Salmons R, Papameletiou D, Maqueda JM, Suhr PB, Bell W, Paton-Walsh C, Woods PT, Partridge RH, Slemr J, Slemr F, Schmidbauer N, Ravishankara AR, Jenkin ME, de Leeuw G, van Eijk AM, Flossmann AI, Wobrock W, Mestayer PG, Tranchant B, Ljungström E, Karlsson R, Larsen SE, Roemer M, Builtjes PJ, Koffi B, Koffi EN, De Saeger E, Ro-Poulsen H, Mikkelsen TN, Hummelshøj P, Hovmand MF, Simoneit BR, van der Meulen A, Meyer MB, Berndt T, Böge O, Stratmann F, Cass GR, Harrison RM, Shi JP, Hoffmann T, Warscheid B, Bandur R, Marggraf U, Nigge W, Kamens R, Jang M, Strommen M, Chien CJ, Leach K, Ammann M, Kalberer M, Arens F, Lavanchy V, Gâggeler HW, Baltensperger U, Davies JA, Cox RA, Alonso SG, Pastor RP, Argüello GA, Willner H, Berndt T, Böge O, Bogillo VI, Pokrovskiy VA, Kuraev OV, Gozhyk PF, Bolzacchini E, Bruschi M, Fantucci P, Meinardi S, Orlandi M, Rindone B, Bolzacchini E, Bohn B, Rindone B, Bruschi M, Zetzsch C, Brussol C, Duane M, Larsen B, Carlier P, Kotzias D, Caracena AB, Aznar AM, Ferradás EG, Christensen CS, Skov H, Hummelshøj P, Jensen NO, Lohse C, Cocheo V, Sacco P, Chatzis C, Cocheo V, Sacco P, Boaretto C, Quaglio F, Zaratin L, Pagani D, Cocheo L, Cocheo V, Asnar AM, Baldan A, Ballesta PP, Boaretto C, Caracena AB, Ferradas EG, Gonzalez-Flesca N, Goelen E, Hansen AB, Sacco P, De Saeger E, Skov H, Consonni V, Gramatica P, Santagostino A, Galvani P, Bolzacchini E, Consonni V, Gramatica P, Todeschini R, Dippel G, Reinhardt H, Zellner R, Dämmer K, Bednarek G, Breil M, Zellner R, Febo A, Allegrini I, Giliberti C, Perrino C, Fogg PG, Geiger H, Barnes I, Becker KH, Maurer T, Geyskens F, Bormans R, Lambrechts M, Goelen E, Giese M, Frank H, Glasius M, Hornung P, Jacobsen JK, Klausen HS, Klitgaard KC, Møller CK, Petersen AP, Petersen LS, Wessel S, Hansen TS, Lohse C, Boaretto E, Heinemeier J, Glasius M, Di Bella D, Lahaniati M, Calogirou A, Jensen NR, Hjorth J, Kotzias D, Larsen BR, Gonzalez-Flesca N, Cicolella A, Bates M, Bastin E, Gurbanov MA, Akhmedly KM, Balayev VS, Haselmann KF, Ketola R, Laturnus F, Lauritsen FR, Grøn C, Herrmann H, Ervens B, Reese A, Umschlag T, Wicktor F, Zellner R, Herrmann H, Umschlag T, Müller K, Bolzacchini E, Meinardi S, Rindone B, Jenkin ME, Hayman GD, Jensen NO, Courtney M, Hummelshøj P, Christensen CS, Larsen BR, Johnson MS, Hegelund F, Nelander B, Kirchner F, Klotz B, Barnes I, Sørensen S, Becker KH, Etzkorn T, Platt U, Wirtz K, Martín-Reviejo M, Laturnus F, Martinez E, Cabañas B, Aranda A, Martín P, Salgado S, Rodriguez D, Masclet P, Jaffrezo JL, Hillamo R, Mellouki A, Le Calvé S, Le Bras G, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Wenger J, Sidebottom H, Mingarrol MT, Cosin S, Pastor RP, Alonso SG, Sanz MJ, Bravo I, Gonzalez D, Pérez MA, Mustafaev I, Mammadova S, Noda J, Hallquist M, Langer S, Ljungström E, Nohara K, Kutsuna S, Ibusuki T, Oehme M, Kölliker S, Brombacher S, Merz L, Pastor RP, Alonso SG, Cabezas AQ, Peeters J, Vereecken L, El Yazal J, Pfeffer HU, Breuer L, Platz J, Nielsen OJ, Sehested J, Wallington TJ, Ball JC, Hurley MD, Straccia AM, Schneider WF, Pérez-Casany MP, Nebot-Gil I, Sánchez-Marín J, Putz E, Folberth G, Pfister G, Weissflog L, Elansky NP, Sørensen S, Barnes I, Becker KH, Shao M, Heiden AC, Kley D, Rockel P, Wildt J, Silva GV, Vasconcelos MT, Fernandes EO, Santos AM, Skov H, Hansen A, Løfstrøm P, Lorenzen G, Stabel JR, Wolkoff P, Pedersen T, Strom AB, Skov H, Hertel O, Jensen FP, Hjorth J, Galle B, Wallin S, Theloke J, Libuda HG, Zabel F, Touaty M, Bonsang B, Ullerstam M, Langer S, Ljungström E, Wenger J, Bonard A, Manning M, Nolan S, O'Sullivan N, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Collins E, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Collins E, Moriarty J, O'Donnell S, Sidebottom H, Wenger J, Sidebottom H, Chadwick P, O'Leary B, Treacy J, Wolkoff P, Clausen PA, Wilkins CK, Hougaard KS, Nielsen GD, Zilinskis V, Jansons G, Peksens A, Lazdins A, Arinci YV, Erdöl N, Ekinci E, Okutan H, Manlafalioglu I, Bakeas EB, Siskos PA, Viras LG, Smirnioudi VN, Bottenheim JW, Biesenthal T, Gong W, Makar P, Delmas V, Menard T, Tatry V, Moussafir J, Thomas D, Coppalle A, Ellermann T, Hertel O, Skov H, Frohn L, Manscher OH, Friis J, Girgzdiene R, Girgzdys A, Gurevich NA, Gårdfeldt K, Langer S, Hermans C, Vandaele AC, Carleer M, Fally S, Colin R, Bernath PF, Jenouvrier A, Coquart B, Mérienne MF, Hertel O, Frohn L, Skov H, Ellermann T, Huntrieser H, Schlager H, Feigl C, Kemp K, Palmgren F, Kiilsholm S, Rasmussen A, Sørensen JH, Klemm O, Lange H, Larsen RW, Larsen NW, Nicolaisen F, Sørensen GO, Beukes JA, Larsen PB, Jensen SS, Fenger J, de Leeuw G, Kunz G, Cohen L, Schlünzen H, Muller F, Schulz M, Tamm S, Geernaert G, Hertel O, Pedersen B, Geernaert LL, Lund S, Vignati E, Jickells T, Spokes L, Matei C, Jinga OA, Jinga DC, Moliner R, Braekman-Danheux C, Fontana A, Suelves I, Thieman T, Vassilev S, Skov H, Hertel O, Zlatev Z, Brandt J, Bastrup-Birk A, Ellermann T, Frohn L, Vandaele AC, Hermans C, Carleer M, Tsouli A, Colin R, Windsperger AM, Turi K, Dworak O, Zellweger C, Weingartner E, Rüttimann R, Hofer P, Baltensperger U, Ziv A, Iakovleva E, Palmgren F, Berkovicz R, Skov H, Alastuey A, Querol X, Chaves A, Lopez-Soler A, Ruiz C, Andrees JM, Allegrini I, Febo A, Giusto M, Angeloni M, Di Filippo P, D'Innocenzio F, Lepore L, Marconi A, Arshinov MY, Belan BD, Davydov DK, Kovaleskii VK, Plotinov AP, Pokrovskii EV, Sklyadneva TK, Tolmachev GN, Arshinov MY, Belan BD, Sklyadneva TK, Behnke W, Elend M, Krüger U, Zetzsch C, Belan BD, Arshinov MY, Davydov DK, Kovalevskii VK, Plotnikov AP, Pokrovskii EV, Rasskazchikova TM, Sklyadneva TK, Tolmachev GN, Belan BD, Arshinov MY, Simonenkov DV, Tolmachev GN, Bilde M, Aker PM, Börensen C, Kirchner U, Scheer V, Vogt R, Ellermann T, Geernaert LL, Pryor SC, Barthelmie RJ, Feilberg A, Nielsen T, Kamens RM, Freitas MC, Marques AP, Reis MA, Alves LC, Ilyinskikh NN, Ilyinskikh IN, Ilyinskikh EN, Johansen K, Stavnsbjerg P, Gabrielsson P, Bak F, Andersen E, Autrup H, Kamens R, Jang M, Strommen M, Leach K, Kirchner U, Scheer V, Börensen C, Vogt R, Igor K, Svjatoslav G, Anatoliy B, Komov IL, Istchenko AA, Lourenço MG, Mactavish D, Sirois A, Masclet P, Jaffrezo JL, van der Meulen A, Milukaite A, Morkunas V, Jurgutis P, Mikelinskiene A, Nielsen T, Feilberg A, Binderup ML, Pineda M, Palacios JM, Garcia E, Cilleruelo C, Moliner R, Popovitcheva OB, Trukhin ME, Persiantseva NM, Buriko Y, Starik AM, Demirdjian B, Suzanne J, Probst TU, Rietz B, Alfassi ZB, Pokrovskiy VA, Zenobi R, Bogatyr'ov VM, Gun'ko VM, Querol X, Alastuey A, Lopez-Soler A, Mantilla E, Plana F, Artiño B, Rauterberg-Wulff A, Israël GW, Rocha TA, Duarte AC, Röhrl A, Lammel G, Spindler G, Müller K, Herrmann H, Strommen MR, Vignati E, de Leeuw G, Berkowicz R. Abstracts of the 6th FECS Conference 1998 Lectures. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 1998; 5:119-96. [PMID: 19002640 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F S Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
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Cotterill AS, Moody CJ, Mortimer RJ, Norton CL, O'Sullivan N, Stephens MA, Stradiotto NR, Swann E, Stratford IJ. Cyclopropamitosenes, novel bioreductive anticancer agents. Synthesis, electrochemistry, and biological activity of 7-substituted cyclopropamitosenes and related indolequinones. J Med Chem 1994; 37:3834-43. [PMID: 7966141 DOI: 10.1021/jm00048a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the indolequinones 8 and 9 starting from methyl 4-(benzyloxy)-5-methoxy-indole-2-carboxylate (10) is described. The methoxy group in the indolequinones 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7-9 can be displaced by various nitrogen nucleophiles (ammonia, 2-methoxyethylamine, aziridine, 2-methylaziridine, pyrrolidine) in 22-88% yield. The resulting amino-substituted quinones, together with their methoxy precursors, were studied by cyclic voltammetry to determine their reduction potentials, which, in DMF solution, lie in the range -1.355 to -1.597 V (vs ferrocene). The cytotoxicity of the compounds towards aerobic and hypoxic mammalian cells was also determined; in general, under aerobic conditions, the cyclopropamitosenes are more toxic than the corresponding pyrrolo[1,2-a]indolequinones, which are in turn more toxic than the simple 1,2-dimethylindolequinones, with many of the compounds in each series showing greater toxicity toward hypoxic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Cotterill
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, Leicestershire, U.K
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Moody CJ, O'Sullivan N, Stratford IJ, Stephens MA, Workman P, Bailey SM, Lewis A. Cyclopropamitosenes: novel bioreductive anticancer agents--mechanism of action and enzymic reduction. Anticancer Drugs 1994; 5:367-72. [PMID: 7919462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of cyclopropamitosenes, novel bioreductive anticancer agents, has been investigated using a unique combination of chemical and biochemical techniques. The compounds 4 function as reductively activated alkylating agents under chemical reducing conditions, and the biochemical experiments establish that the methoxy- and aziridinyl-derivatives 4a and 4b behave differently upon bioreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Moody
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, UK
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Wise R, O'Sullivan N, Johnson J, Andrews JM. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ampicillin and brobactam following oral administration of 2085P. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:1002-4. [PMID: 1324634 PMCID: PMC188825 DOI: 10.1128/aac.36.5.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight healthy volunteers received a 1,000-mg single oral dose of 2085P which consisted of 800 mg of pivampicillin and 200 mg of brobactam. Concentrations of ampicillin and brobactam in plasma, inflammatory fluid, and urine were measured over the subsequent 24 h. Pivampicillin and brobactam were moderately rapidly absorbed. The mean (standard deviation) maximum concentration in plasma (Cmax) of ampicillin was 8.2 (1.9) micrograms/ml, and that of brobactam was 2.1 (2.0) micrograms/ml at mean times of 1.9 (0.5) and 2.3 (0.8) h, respectively. The elimination half-lives in plasma were 1.8 (0.5) and 1.6 (2.0) h, respectively. Both agents penetrated the experimentally induced inflammatory fluid, reaching a mean maximum at 3 h. The Cmax of ampicillin was 6.8 (2.3) micrograms/ml, and that of brobactam was 1.0 (0.4) micrograms/ml. The penetration (derived by comparing the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity for inflammatory fluid with that for plasma) was 97.3% (26.0%) for ampicillin and 81% (22.3%) for brobactam. The 24-h urinary recovery was 54.2% (16.6%) of the administered dose for ampicillin and 40.2% (11.4%) for brobactam. These data suggest that this combination of beta-lactam and inhibitor should be efficacious in treating infections caused by ampicillin-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wise
- Department of Microbiology, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, England
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Wise R, Johnson J, O'Sullivan N, Andrews JM, Imbimbo BP. Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of rufloxacin, a long acting quinolone antimicrobial agent. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991; 28:905-9. [PMID: 1667783 DOI: 10.1093/jac/28.6.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin after a single 400 mg oral dose were studied in eight volunteers, measuring plasma, inflammatory fluid and urine concentrations. Mean peak plasma concentrations of 4.4 mg/L were achieved at a mean time of 1.9 h after administration. The mean plasma elimination half-life was 28.2 h. Mean peak levels in inflammatory fluid reached 3.2 mg/L after 3.5 h, and 30.7% of the dose was eliminated in urine by 96 h. The apparent mean volume of distribution of rufloxacin, at steady state, was 109.5 L. The mean percentage penetration of rufloxacin into the inflammatory exudate, as measured by ratios of AUC0-50 h was 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wise
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni, C coli, C fetus and C laridis were tested for agglutination reactions with a panel of five lectins: Arachis hypogaea, Bauhinia purpurea, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum vulgaris and Wisteria floribunda. Twenty three patterns of agglutination (lectin types) were recorded among 376 isolates. Patterns were consistent and reproducible. Only 4.5% of isolates were untypable because of autoagglutination. Some lectin types were found exclusively or predominantly in a species, but others were shared between species. Forty two per cent of C jejuni and 35% of C coli isolates belonged to lectin type 4. There was no apparent correlation between lectin type and serotype; different lectin types were found among strains of single Penner and Lior serotypes. Lectin typing is a simple and economical procedure suitable for use in non-specialist laboratories, either as an adjunct to serogrouping or, after further development, as a sole typing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O'Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Worcester Royal Infirmary
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Abstract
Breeding data from Eire and Great Britain confirm the hypothesis of Sponenberg (1985) that the harlequin colour of the Great Dane breed of dog is due the combined action of a dominant gene H with the merle gene M in the genotype H+M+. The typical bluish coloration induced by M is modified to white by the action of H. The H gene is a prenatal lethal when homozygous HH and this study offers clear indication that the heterozygous H+ interacts with M to reduce the viability of white merle homozygotes H+MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O'Sullivan
- Department of Agricultural Zoology and Genetics, University College, Dublin, Ireland
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O'Rourke A, Sheehan B, Gowen J, Wilson K, O'Sullivan N. Screening--a demonstration project. J Ir Med Assoc 1970; 63:231-7. [PMID: 5418158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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O'Rourke A, O'Sullivan N, Groke M. A study of children's smoking habits in Kerry. Ir Nurses J 1970; 3:17-9. [PMID: 5200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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