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Radhakrishnan A, Mukherjee T, Mahish C, Kumar PS, Goswami C, Chattopadhyay S. TRPA1 activation and Hsp90 inhibition synergistically downregulate macrophage activation and inflammatory responses in vitro. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:16. [PMID: 37391696 PMCID: PMC10314470 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are known to be actively involved in various pathophysiological conditions, including neuronal inflammation, neuropathic pain, and various immunological responses. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a cytoplasmic molecular chaperone, is well-reported for various cellular and physiological processes. Hsp90 inhibition by various molecules has garnered importance for its therapeutic significance in the downregulation of inflammation and are proposed as anti-cancer drugs. However, the possible role of TRPA1 in the Hsp90-associated modulation of immune responses remains scanty. RESULTS Here, we have investigated the role of TRPA1 in regulating the anti-inflammatory effect of Hsp90 inhibition via 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation in RAW 264.7, a mouse macrophage cell lines and PMA differentiated THP-1, a human monocytic cell line similar to macrophages. Activation of TRPA1 with Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is observed to execute an anti-inflammatory role via augmenting Hsp90 inhibition-mediated anti-inflammatory responses towards LPS or PMA stimulation in macrophages, whereas inhibition of TRPA1 by 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-N-[4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-2,6-dioxo-7 H-purine-7-acetamide,2-(1,3-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7 H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide (HC-030031) downregulates these developments. LPS or PMA-induced macrophage activation was found to be regulated by TRPA1. The same was confirmed by studying the levels of activation markers (major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), cluster of differentiation (CD) 80 (CD80), and CD86, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)), NO (nitric oxide) production, differential expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p-p38 MAPK, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2), and phosphor-stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-SAPK/JNK)), and induction of apoptosis. Additionally, TRPA1 has been found to be an important contributor to intracellular calcium levels toward Hsp90 inhibition in LPS or PMA-stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSION This study indicates a significant role of TRPA1 in Hsp90 inhibition-mediated anti-inflammatory developments in LPS or PMA-stimulated macrophages. Activation of TRPA1 and inhibition of Hsp90 has synergistic roles towards regulating inflammatory responses associated with macrophages. The role of TRPA1 in Hsp90 inhibition-mediated modulation of macrophage responses may provide insights towards designing future novel therapeutic approaches to regulate various inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukrishna Radhakrishnan
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, an Off-campus Centre (OCC) of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Tathagata Mukherjee
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, an Off-campus Centre (OCC) of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Chandan Mahish
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, an Off-campus Centre (OCC) of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050 India
| | - P Sanjai Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Nagar Rd, NALCO Square, NALCO Nagar, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023 India
| | - Chandan Goswami
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, an Off-campus Centre (OCC) of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, an Off-campus Centre (OCC) of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050 India
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Kumar PS, Radhakrishnan A, Mukherjee T, Khamaru S, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. Understanding the role of Ca 2+ via transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in viral infection: Implications in developing future antiviral strategies. Virus Res 2023; 323:198992. [PMID: 36309316 PMCID: PMC10194134 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of cation-specific permeable channels primarily conducting Ca2+ions across various membranes of the cell. The perturbation of the Ca2+ homeostasis is the hallmark of viral infection. Viruses hijack the host cell Ca2+ signaling, employing tailored Ca2+ requirements via TRP channels to meet their own cellular demands. This review summarizes the importance of Ca2+ across diverse viruses based on the Baltimore classification and focuses on the associated role of Ca2+-conducting TRP channels in viral pathophysiology. More emphasis has been given to the role of the TRP channel in viral life-cycle events such as viral fusion, viral entry, viral replication, virion maturation, and egress. Additionally, this review highlights the TRP channel as a store-operated channel which has been discussed vividly. The TRP channels form an essential aspect of host-virus interaction by virtue of its Ca2+ permeability. These channels are directly involved in regulating the viral calcium dynamics in host cells and thereby affect the viral infection. Considering its immense potential in regulating viral infection, the TRP channels may act as a target for antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India; Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Anukrishna Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Tathagata Mukherjee
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Somlata Khamaru
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India.
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Suri S, Raura N, Thomas MS, Kumar PS, Lewis AJ. Change in surface characteristics and permeability of human enamel after subjecting to radiation therapy. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1687-1692. [PMID: 36308240 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_151_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-related caries is a complex destructive lesion leading to uncompromising damage of enamel and dentin in patients suffering from head and neck cancer managed with radiotherapy. AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the permeability of enamel and to assess the morphological and chemical changes of teeth surface subjected to 6 MV photon beam irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this in vitro study, coronal portion of 20 premolars were sectioned mesiodistally into halves and then grouped into two. Samples in group 1 (control) were not subjected to cycles of irradiation and those in group 2 (experimental) were subjected to a cumulative uniform radiation dose of 70 Gray fractioned in 35 fractions with 6 MV photons. The silver nitrate penetration method was used to assess the change in permeability of enamel. The variations in surface topography and mineral content were assessed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Dye penetration scores of surface texture changes were compared between the two groups utilizing the Chi-square test. The change in the elemental levels between enamel surfaces of the two groups was compared using an independent t-test. RESULTS The application of 6 MV photon radiation did not change enamel permeability and surface topography. However, a noteworthy reduction in the carbon content (P = 0.002) was observed in teeth subjected to irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Though radiation exposure did not alter the enamel permeability and surface topography, it had caused significant chemical compositional changes. Carbon content was significantly reduced in irradiated enamel samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N Raura
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - P S Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medicover Hospitals, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A J Lewis
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kumar PS, Mukherjee T, Khamaru S, Radhakrishnan A, Nanda-Kishore DJ, Chawla S, Sahoo SS, Chattopadhyay S. Elevation of TRPV1 expression on T-cells during experimental immunosuppression. J Biosci 2022; 47:42. [PMID: 36441239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is a thermo-sensitive, polymodal cation channel. An increase in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is essential for T-cell responses. Similarly, various immunosuppressive agents are also reported to induce Ca2+ influx. However, the possible involvement of TRPV1 during immunosuppression has not been studied yet. Here, we investigated the possible functional role of TRPV1 in FK506 or B16F10-culture supernatant (B16F10-CS)-driven experimental immunosuppression in T-cells. Intriguingly, it was found that TRPV1 surface expression was further significantly elevated during immunosuppression compared with concanavalin A (ConA) or TCR-activated T-cells. Moreover, in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, TRPV1 expression was upregulated on splenic T-cells as compared with T-cells derived from control mice. We also observed an immediate increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in FK506 (marked increase) and B16F10-CS treatment (modest increase) or in combination with T-cell activation as compared with resting and activated T-cells. Likewise, in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, the basal intracellular calcium level was upregulated in T-cells as compared with controls. The elevated Ca2+ level(s) were found to be significantly downregulated by 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin (50-IRTX) (a TRPV1-specific inhibitor), suggesting an important role of TRPV1 during immune activation and immunosuppression. The current study may have implications for immunosuppressive diseases along with inflammatory disorders associated with the coordinating role of TRPV1 and Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research,Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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Kumar PS, Mukherjee T, Khamaru S, Radhakrishnan A, Nanda-Kishore DJ, Chawla S, Sahoo SS, Chattopadhyay S. Correction to: Elevation of TRPV1 expression on T-cells during experimental immunosuppression. J Biosci 2022; 47:62. [PMID: 36222164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Correction to: J. Biosci. (2022) 47:42 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-022-00279-2 In the Journal of Biosciences article titled ''Elevation of TRPV1 expression on T-cells during experimental immunosuppression'' by P Sanjai Kumar et al. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-022-00279-2; Vol. 47, Art. ID 42), published in July 2022, the affiliation of the authors has been incompletely mentioned as: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India The correct affiliation should read as: School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, an Off-campus Centre (OCC) of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, an Off-campus Centre (OCC) of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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Sanjai Kumar P, Nayak TK, Mahish C, Sahoo SS, Radhakrishnan A, De S, Datey A, Sahu RP, Goswami C, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel regulates chikungunya virus infection in macrophages. Arch Virol 2020; 166:139-155. [PMID: 33125586 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a virus that induces pathogenic inflammatory host immune responses, is re-emerging worldwide, and there are currently no established antiviral control measures. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective Ca2+-permeable ion channel, has been found to regulate various host inflammatory responses including several viral infections. Immune responses to CHIKV infection in host macrophages have been reported recently. However, the possible involvement of TRPV1 during CHIKV infection in host macrophages has not been studied. Here, we investigated the possible role of TRPV1 in CHIKV infection of the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. It was found that CHIKV infection upregulates TRPV1 expression in macrophages. To confirm this observation, the TRPV1-specific modulators 5'-iodoresiniferatoxin (5'-IRTX, a TRPV1 antagonist) and resiniferatoxin (RTX, a TRPV1 agonist) were used. Our results indicated that TRPV1 inhibition leads to a reduction in CHIKV infection, whereas TRPV1 activation significantly enhances CHIKV infection. Using a plaque assay and a time-of-addition assay, it was observed that functional modulation of TRPV1 affects the early stages of the viral lifecycle in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, CHIKV infection was found to induce of pNF-κB (p65) expression and nuclear localization. However, both activation and inhibition of TRPV1 were found to enhance the expression and nuclear localization of pNF-κB (p65) and production of pro-inflammatory TNF and IL-6 during CHIKV infection. In addition, it was demonstrated by Ca2+ imaging that TRPV1 regulates Ca2+ influx during CHIKV infection. Hence, the current findings highlight a potentially important regulatory role of TRPV1 during CHIKV infection in macrophages. This study might also have broad implications in the context of other viral infections as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Tapas K Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Chandan Mahish
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Subhransu S Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Anukrishna Radhakrishnan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Saikat De
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Ankita Datey
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Ram P Sahu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Chandan Goswami
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, (Autonomous Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.
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Nayak TK, Mamidi P, Sahoo SS, Kumar PS, Mahish C, Chatterjee S, Subudhi BB, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. P38 and JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Interact With Chikungunya Virus Non-structural Protein-2 and Regulate TNF Induction During Viral Infection in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:786. [PMID: 31031770 PMCID: PMC6473476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne Alphavirus, is endemic in different parts of the globe. The host macrophages are identified as the major cellular reservoirs of CHIKV during infection and this virus triggers robust TNF production in the host macrophages, which might be a key mediator of virus induced inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underneath TNF induction is not understood yet. Accordingly, the Raw264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, were infected with CHIKV to address the above-mentioned question. It was observed that CHIKV induces both p38 and JNK phosphorylation in macrophages in a time-dependent manner and p-p38 inhibitor, SB203580 is effective in reducing infection even at lower concentration as compared to the p-JNK inhibitor, SP600125. However, inhibition of p-p38 and p-JNK decreased CHIKV induced TNF production in the host macrophages. Moreover, CHIKV induced macrophage derived TNF was found to facilitate TCR driven T cell activation. Additionally, it was noticed that the expressions of key transcription factors involved mainly in antiviral responses (p-IRF3) and TNF production (p-c-jun) were induced significantly in the CHIKV infected macrophages as compared to the corresponding mock cells. Further, it was demonstrated that CHIKV mediated TNF production in the macrophages is dependent on p38 and JNK MAPK pathways linking p-c-jun transcription factor. Interestingly, it was found that CHIKV nsP2 interacts with both p-p38 and p-JNK MAPKs in the macrophages. This observation was supported by the in silico protein-protein docking analysis which illustrates the specific amino acids responsible for the nsP2-MAPKs interactions. A strong polar interaction was predicted between Thr-180 (within the phosphorylation lip) of p38 and Gln-273 of nsP2, whereas, no such polar interaction was predicted for the phosphorylation lip of JNK which indicates the differential roles of p-p38 and p-JNK during CHIKV infection in the host macrophages. In summary, for the first time it has been shown that CHIKV triggers robust TNF production in the host macrophages via both p-p38 and p-JNK/p-c-jun pathways and the interaction of viral protein, nsP2 with these MAPKs during infection. Hence, this information might shed light in rationale-based drug designing strategies toward a possible control measure of CHIKV infection in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhransu Sekhar Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chandan Mahish
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
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Sahoo SS, Pratheek BM, Meena VS, Nayak TK, Kumar PS, Bandyopadhyay S, Maiti PK, Chattopadhyay S. VIPER regulates naive T cell activation and effector responses: Implication in TLR4 associated acute stage T cell responses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7118. [PMID: 29740052 PMCID: PMC5940837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive T cells are known to express the modest level of TLR4 while it is known to go down during TCR activation. However, information towards the requirement of TLR4 signaling during TCR or mitogenic activation of naive wild-type T cells remains scanty. Here we have investigated the endogenous functional expression of TLR4 in naive mice T cells during TCR and mitogenic stimulation in presence of VIPER peptide (VP), an established inhibitor of TLR4 signaling. As expected we found that TLR4 expression goes down during TCR and mitogenic activation. Interestingly, we observed that VP treatment restores TLR4 expression on those activated T cells. Moreover, VP was found to regulate such activation of naive T cell as evident by reduction of CD25, CD69 expression, effector cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF) production, T cell proliferation and down-regulation of T cell activation-dependent Fas (CD95), FasL (CD95L) expression. Together, our current observation highlights a possible requirement of TLR4 responses in T cells, which might have possible implication towards the pathogenic acute phase activation of naive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhransu Sekhar Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Belluru M Pratheek
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Vikram S Meena
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Saumya Bandyopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | | | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India.
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Yasuo S, Kenichi Y, Ueno N, Arimoto A, Hosono M, Yoshikawa T, Toyokawa A, Kakeji Y, Tsai Y, Tsai C, Sul J, Lim M, Park J, Jang CE, Santilli O, Tripoloni D, Santilli H, Nardelli N, Greco A, Estevez M, Sakurai S, Ryu S, Cesana G, Ciccarese F, Uccelli M, Grava G, Castello G, Carrieri D, Legnani G, Olmi S, Naito M, Yamamoto H, Sawada Y, Mandai Y, Asano H, Ino H, Tsukuda K, Nagahama T, Ando M, Ami K, Arai K, Miladinovic M, Kitanovic A, Lechner M, Mayer F, Meissnitzer M, Fortsner R, Öfner D, Köhler G, Jäger T, Kumata Y, Fukushima R, Inaba T, Yaguchi Y, Horikawa M, Ogawa E, Katayama T, Kumar PS, Unal D, Caparlar C, Akkaya T, Mercan U, Kulacoglu H, Barreiro JJ, Baer IG, García LS, Cumplido PL, Florez LJG, Muñiz PF, Fujino K, Mita K, Ohta E, Takahashi K, Hashimoto M, Nagayasu K, Murabayashi R, Asakawa H, Koizumi K, Hayashi G, Ito H, Felberbauer F, Strobl S, Kristo I, Riss S, Prager G, El Komy H, El Gendi A, Nabil W, Karam M, El Kayal S, Chihara N, Suzuki H, Watanabe M, Uchida E, Chen T, Wang J, Wang H, Bouchiba N, Elbakary T, Ramadan A, Elakkad M, Berney C, Vlasov V, Babii I, Pidmurnyak O, Prystupa M, Asakage N, Molinari P, Contino E, Guzzetti L, Oggioni M, Sambuco M, Berselli M, Farassino L, Cocozza E, Crespi A, Ambrosoli A, Zhao Y. Topic: Inguinal Hernia - Unsolved problem in the daily practice. Hernia 2015; 19 Suppl 1:S293-304. [PMID: 26518826 DOI: 10.1007/bf03355374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Yasuo
- Department of Surgery. Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation, Inc. Saiseikai Wakakusa Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Kenichi
- Department of Surgery. Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation, Inc. Saiseikai Wakakusa Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Ueno
- Department of General Surgery, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Arimoto
- Department of General Surgery, Takatsuki General Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - M Hosono
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - T Yoshikawa
- Department of General Surgery, Takatsuki General Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - A Toyokawa
- Department of General Surgery, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Tsai
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Tsai
- Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J Sul
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M Lim
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J Park
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - O Santilli
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Tripoloni
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Santilli
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Nardelli
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Greco
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Estevez
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Sakurai
- St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Ryu
- Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - G Cesana
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - F Ciccarese
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - M Uccelli
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - G Grava
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - G Castello
- General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - D Carrieri
- General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - G Legnani
- General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - S Olmi
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - M Naito
- Department of Surgery, Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Sawada
- Himeji Daiichi Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Y Mandai
- Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Asano
- Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Ino
- Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - K Tsukuda
- Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Nagahama
- Department of Surgery, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ando
- Department of Surgery, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ami
- Department of Surgery, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Arai
- Department of Surgery, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - A Kitanovic
- Surgery ward, General hospital, Krusevac, Serbia
| | - M Lechner
- Department of General Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Mayer
- Department of General Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Meissnitzer
- Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - R Fortsner
- Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - D Öfner
- Department of General Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Köhler
- Department of General Surgery, Sisters of Charity Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - T Jäger
- Department of General Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Y Kumata
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Fukushima
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Inaba
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Horikawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Katayama
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P S Kumar
- ESI-PGIMSR and Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - D Unal
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Caparlar
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Akkaya
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - U Mercan
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Kulacoglu
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Fujino
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K Mita
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - E Ohta
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - M Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K Nagayasu
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - R Murabayashi
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - H Asakawa
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K Koizumi
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - G Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - F Felberbauer
- Div. of General Surgery, Dpt. of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - H El Komy
- Faculty of medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - W Nabil
- Faculty of medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M Karam
- Faculty of medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - N Chihara
- Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - E Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Chen
- Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - N Bouchiba
- Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - T Elbakary
- Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - A Ramadan
- Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - M Elakkad
- Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - C Berney
- Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - V Vlasov
- Khmelnitskiy regional hospital, Khmelnitskiy, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - N Asakage
- Department of Surgery, Tsudanuma Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - P Molinari
- University Of Insubria Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Varese, Italy
| | - E Contino
- University Of Insubria Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Varese, Italy
| | - L Guzzetti
- Department Of Anesthesia and Palliative Care, University Hospital Of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - M Oggioni
- Department Of Anesthesia and Palliative Care, University Hospital Of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - M Sambuco
- Department Of Anesthesia and Palliative Care, University Hospital Of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - M Berselli
- University Hospital Of Varese Department Of Surgery, Varese, Italy
| | - L Farassino
- University Hospital Of Varese Department Of Surgery, Varese, Italy
| | - E Cocozza
- University Hospital Of Varese Department Of Surgery, Varese, Italy
| | - A Crespi
- University Of Insubria Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Varese, Italy
| | - A Ambrosoli
- Department Of Anesthesia and Palliative Care, University Hospital Of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Abstract
Smokers are at high risk for 2 bacterially driven oral diseases: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to use a deep-sequencing approach to identify the effect of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome in states of health and disease. Peri-implant biofilm samples were collected from 80 partially edentulous subjects with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. Bacterial DNA was isolated and 16S ribsomal RNA gene libraries sequenced using 454-pyrosequencing targeting the V1 to V3 and V7 to V9 regions. In total, 790,692 classifiable sequences were compared against the HOMD database for bacterial identification. Community-level comparisons were carried out using UniFrac and nonparametric tests. Microbial signatures of health in smokers exhibited lower diversity compared to nonsmokers, with significant enrichment for disease-associated species. Shifts from health to mucositis were accompanied by loss of several health-associated species, leading to a further decrease in diversity. Peri-implantitis did not differ significantly from mucositis in species richness or evenness. In nonsmokers, by contrast, the shift from health to mucositis resembled primary ecological succession, with acquisition of several species without replacement of pioneer organisms, thereby creating a significant increase in diversity. Again, few differences were detected between peri-implantitis and mucositis. Thus, our data suggest that smoking shapes the peri-implant microbiomes even in states of clinical health, by supporting a pathogen-rich community. In both smokers and nonsmokers, peri-implant mucositis appears to be a pivotal event in disease progression, creating high-at-risk-for-harm communities. However, ecological succession follows distinctly divergent pathways in smokers and nonsmokers, indicating a need for personalized therapeutics for control and prevention of disease in these 2 cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Tsigarida
- Division of Periodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S M Dabdoub
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H N Nagaraja
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - P S Kumar
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Das AP, Kumar PS, Swain S. Recent advances in biosensor based endotoxin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 51:62-75. [PMID: 23934306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxins also referred to as pyrogens are chemically lipopolysaccharides habitually found in food, environment and clinical products of bacterial origin and are unavoidable ubiquitous microbiological contaminants. Pernicious issues of its contamination result in high mortality and severe morbidities. Standard traditional techniques are slow and cumbersome, highlighting the pressing need for evoking agile endotoxin detection system. The early and prompt detection of endotoxin assumes prime importance in health care, pharmacological and biomedical sectors. The unparalleled recognition abilities of LAL biosensors perched with remarkable sensitivity, high stability and reproducibility have bestowed it with persistent reliability and their possible fabrication for commercial applicability. This review paper entails an overview of various trends in current techniques available and other possible alternatives in biosensor based endotoxin detection together with its classification, epidemiological aspects, thrust areas demanding endotoxin control, commercially available detection sensors and a revolutionary unprecedented approach narrating the influence of omics for endotoxin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Das
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.
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12
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Abstract
The subgingival microbiome is largely uncultivated, and therefore, cultivation-based and targeted molecular approaches have limited value in examining the effect of smoking on this community. We tested the hypothesis that the subgingival biofilm is compositionally different in current and never-smokers by using an open-ended molecular approach for bacterial identification. Subgingival plaque from deep sites of current and never-smokers matched for disease was analyzed by 16S sequencing. Smokers demonstrated greater abundance of Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Bacteroides, and Treponema and lower levels of Veillonella, Neisseria, and Streptococcus. Several uncultivated Peptostreptococci, Parvimonas micra, Campylobacter gracilis, Treponema socranskii, Dialister pneumosintes, and Tannerella forsythia were elevated in this group, while Veillonella sp. oral clone B2, Neisseria sp. oral clone 2.24, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Capnocytophaga sp. clone AH015 were at lower levels. The microbial profile of smoking-associated periodontitis is distinct from that of non-smokers, with significant differences in the prevalence and abundance of disease-associated and health-compatible organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Shchipkova
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 305 W. 12th Ave., 4111 Postle Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Abstract
Smoking cessation improves the clinical manifestations of periodontitis; however, its effect on the subgingival biofilm, the primary etiological agent of periodontitis, is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate, longitudinally, if smoking cessation altered the composition of the subgingival microbial community, by means of a quantitative, cultivation-independent assay for bacterial profiling. Subgingival plaque was collected at baseline, and 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment from smokers who received root planing and smoking cessation counseling. The plaque was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP). Microbial profiles differed significantly between smokers and quitters at 6 and 12 months following smoking cessation. The microbial community in smokers was similar to baseline, while quitters demonstrated significantly divergent profiles. Changes in bacterial levels contributed to this shift. These findings reveal a critical role for smoking cessation in altering the subgingival biofilm and suggest a mechanism for improved periodontal health associated with smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Fullmer
- Section of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4111 Postle Hall, 305 W. 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Abstract
Recent investigations of the human subgingival oral flora based on ribosomal 16S cloning and sequencing have shown many of the bacterial species present to be novel species or phylotypes. The purpose of the present investigation was to identify potential periodontal pathogens among these newly identified species and phylotypes. Species-specific ribosomal 16S primers for PCR amplification were developed for detection of new species. Associations with chronic periodontitis were observed for several new species or phylotypes, including uncultivated clones D084 and BH017 from the Deferribacteres phylum, AU126 from the Bacteroidetes phylum, Megasphaera clone BB166, clone X112 from the OP11 phylum, and clone I025 from the TM7 phylum, and the named species Eubacterium saphenum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella denticola, and Cryptobacterium curtum. Species or phylotypes more prevalent in periodontal health included two uncultivated phylotypes, clone W090 from the Deferribacteres phylum and clone BU063 from the Bacteroidetes, and named species Atopobium rimae and Atopobium parvulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43218, USA
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15
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Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans is strongly linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Activation of growth-regulatory genes may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Proto-oncogene expression has been shown to be higher in HCC tissue with integrated HBV DNA than in the normal liver. Earlier, we showed that the 3' end of the HBV major surface gene (S) (426-855 nucleotides of the S region) is a transactivator of the X promoter-enhancer regulatory element in co-transfection experiments. This region expresses a truncated carboxy terminal S protein extending from amino acid residues 102 to 226. In this study, the truncated S protein (trc-S) was examined for its enhancing activity on several viral and cellular regulatory elements. The results indicate that trc-S activates rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (LTR), human T-lymphotropic virus 2 LTR, human immunodeficiency virus 1 LTR, and the c-jun and c-fos promoters. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays carried out to investigate its DNA-binding properties established that trc-S binds to HBV X promoter and oligonucleotides representing binding sites for the AP1 and TFIID transcription factors. The specificity of this interaction was confirmed by using competition experiments and supershift assays. These experiments suggest that trc-S is a transactivator of several cellular and viral promoters and that this activity is mediated by direct interaction with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alka
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans is strongly linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Activation of growth-regulatory genes may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Proto-oncogene expression has been shown to be higher in HCC tissue with integrated HBV DNA than in the normal liver. Earlier, we showed that the 3' end of the HBV major surface gene (S) (426-855 nucleotides of the S region) is a transactivator of the X promoter-enhancer regulatory element in co-transfection experiments. This region expresses a truncated carboxy terminal S protein extending from amino acid residues 102 to 226. In this study, the truncated S protein (trc-S) was examined for its enhancing activity on several viral and cellular regulatory elements. The results indicate that trc-S activates rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (LTR), human T-lymphotropic virus 2 LTR, human immunodeficiency virus 1 LTR, and the c-jun and c-fos promoters. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays carried out to investigate its DNA-binding properties established that trc-S binds to HBV X promoter and oligonucleotides representing binding sites for the AP1 and TFIID transcription factors. The specificity of this interaction was confirmed by using competition experiments and supershift assays. These experiments suggest that trc-S is a transactivator of several cellular and viral promoters and that this activity is mediated by direct interaction with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alka
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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17
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Abstract
A comparative study of hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation has been made on the basis of numerical solutions of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The bubble/cavity behaviour has been studied under both acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation conditions. The effect of varying pressure fields on the collapse of the cavity (sinusoidal for acoustic and linear for hydrodynamic) and also on the latter's dynamic behaviour has been studied. The variations of parameters such as initial cavity size, intensity of the acoustic field and irradiation frequency in the case of acoustic cavitation, and initial cavity size, final recovery pressure and time for pressure recovery in the case of hydrodynamic cavitation, have been found to have significant effects on cavity/bubble dynamics. The simulations reveal that the bubble/cavity collapsing behaviour in the case of hydrodynamic cavitation is accompanied by a large number of pressure pulses of relatively smaller magnitude, compared with just one or two pulses under acoustic cavitation. It has been shown that hydrodynamic cavitation offers greater control over operating parameters and the resultant cavitation intensity. Finally, a brief summary of the experimental results on the oxidation of aqueous KI solution with a hydrodynamic cavitation set-up is given which supports the conclusion of this numerical study. The methodology presented allows one to manipulate and optimise of specific process, either physical or chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Moholkar
- University Department of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay, Matunga, India.
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18
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Abstract
The intensity of ultrasound is attenuated due to various properties of the liquid, such as viscosity, density, etc. In this paper, a simple method is proposed to measure the combined attenuation and cavitational activity of ultrasound intensity in various organic liquids using standard KI decomposition reaction. A modified experimental attenuation coefficient is proposed and its dependence on liquid viscosity reasonably matches the theoretical predictions made by Stokes [G.G. Stokes, Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc. 8 (1849) 287]. Exploratory work to determine the effect of other liquid properties on cavitational activity is carried out. Correlations are proposed to explain the dependence of the attenuated cavitational activity on various properties of a liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Majumdar
- Chemical Engineering Division, Department of Chemical Technology (UDCT), University of Mumbai, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
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19
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Mylarappa P, Ramachandra L, Kumar PS. Bochdalek's hernia in the adult. J Indian Med Assoc 1998; 96:100. [PMID: 9828563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Mylarappa
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
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20
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Duddukuri GR, Kumar PS, Kumar VB, Athota RR. Immunosuppressive effect of honey on the induction of allergen-specific humoral antibody response in mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1997; 114:385-8. [PMID: 9414144 DOI: 10.1159/000237699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study with honey for its possible immunomodulatory activity reveals the immunosuppressive activity on induction of murine humoral antibody responses against different allergens as determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion techniques. Ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE antibody responses elicited with various doses were completely suppressed by different sources of commercial honeys. Honey is also found to have suppressed the induction of OVA-specific humoral antibody responses in different strains of mice. The results obtained in this work confirm the immunosuppressive activity of honey and suggest its possible applicability in conditions requiring immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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21
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Bhargava JS, Makker A, Bhargava K, Shaunik AV, Sharda A, Kumar PS. Pedicled omental transfer for ischaemic limbs--a 5-year experience. J Indian Med Assoc 1997; 95:100-2. [PMID: 9357269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic occlusive arterial diseases form a single largest entity amongst the peripheral vascular diseases. Current operative methods available for improving circulation often elicit poor results and the patient has to undergo an amputation. The technique of pedicled omental transfer has given hope of saving such unsalvageable limbs. Although symptomatic and clinical improvement has been reported by this method of "biological by-pass revascularisation", there are no simple, objective and easily reproducible tests to assess improvement in circulation. In this study pulse oximetry and stress testing have been used to assess revascularisation. This study comprised 56 patients (78 limbs) suffering from chronic occlusive arterial disease, spanning a period of 5 years. Patients were investigated and subjected to pedicled omental transplantation (omentopexy). Symptomatological assessment showed improvement in intermittent claudication in about 85% of patients, relief from rest pain in 86% and healing of chronic ulcers in 73% of patients. Objective tests of stress testing and pulse oximetry also showed improvement in circulation. Relief from ischaemia was more in cases of Buerger's disease (TAO) than in cases of atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO).
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bhargava
- Department of Surgery, Pt BD Sharma Medical College and Hospital, Rohtak
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22
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Cheng JC, Frackelton AR, Bearer EL, Kumar PS, Kannan B, Santos-Moore A, Rifai A, Settleman J, Clark JW. Changes in tyrosine-phosphorylated p190 and its association with p120 type I and p100 type II rasGAPs during myelomonocytic differentiation of human leukemic cells. Cell Growth Differ 1995; 6:139-48. [PMID: 7756172 PMCID: PMC3376091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A M(r) 190,000 protein (p190) functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rho and Rac family proteins, which are involved in regulating cytoskeletal actin and membrane ruffling. Tyrosine-phosphorylated p190 also complexes with rasGAP, a regulator of Ras activity, thus possibly linking Ras and Rho pathways. Leukemic cells induced to differentiate along myelomonocytic lineages have increased filamentous actin (as evidenced by phalloidin staining) and extended pseudopodia, and become irregularly shaped and flattened, suggesting altered Rho and Rac function. We, therefore, hypothesized that changes in p190 and its association with rasGAP are an integral part of these shape changes. During phorbol 13-myristate 25-acetate-induced monocytic differentiation of HL60 promyelocytic and RWLeu4 chronic myelogenous leukemic cells, the total amount of p190 decreases rapidly but returns to initial levels by 12 h. In RWLeu4, this was accompanied by commensurate changes in p190 tyrosine phosphorylation and association with p120 type I rasGAP. Association of p190 and type I rasGAP was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with antibodies to either protein. An additional band at M(r) 100,000 (p100) was detected in immunoprecipitates after 12 h of phorbol 13-myristate 25-acetate treatment. Reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblot analyses suggest that p100 is type II rasGAP, an alternatively spliced product of p120 type I rasGAP. p100 was expressed only in response to direct protein kinase C activators, but all classes of differentiation agents increased tyrosine-phosphorylated p190. Rho and Rac are known to be involved in regulating actin polymerization. The results presented here show that the association of p190 with type I rasGAP parallels increases in actin polymerization and cell adhesion. This suggests a role for p190-rasGAP interactions in phorbol 13-myristate 25-acetate-induced cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Cheng
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, USA
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23
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Kumar PS, Rao CS. Prognosis in intra-abdominal sepsis. Indian J Gastroenterol 1995; 14:8-10. [PMID: 7860129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peritonitis is a common surgical problem with a high mortality rate. Recent advances have not brought down the mortality rate. Eighty six patients with intra-abdominal sepsis were studied for factors affecting prognosis. The factors which significantly affected prognosis were: duration of illness, source of infection and APACHE-II score. Further, among the factors contributing to APACHE II score, statistical analysis using logistic regression identified some factors which individually affect outcome. Our results indicate that mortality rate is high in patients with long duration of illness, postoperative peritonitis and organ system insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
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24
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Kapoor S, Kumar PS, Mathur NB, Gondal R, Khalil A. Glycogen storage disease type III. Indian Pediatr 1994; 31:1288-91. [PMID: 7875798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi
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25
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Abstract
An aberrantly expressed and highly active abl tyrosine kinase (p210bcr-abl) appears critical for the development and pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous-leukemia (CML). CML cells and cell lines each displayed a similar spectrum of phosphotyrosyl proteins. Analysis of these proteins by glycerol-gradient ultracentrifugation showed that many apparently existed as multimeric complexes. Confirming this, several of these proteins co-immunoprecipitated, along with the p210bcr-abl, with antibody to abl. Included were co-precipitating proteins identified as the p120 ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and the p62 protein that binds both to GAP and to a number of other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins having peptide regions homologous to the second domain of src. Because p62, ras GAP and ras are involved in growth-factor and oncogene activation of cells, this pathway may also play an important role in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- GTPase-Activating Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/isolation & purification
- Phosphoproteins/isolation & purification
- Phosphorylation
- Phosphotyrosine
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteins/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/analysis
- Ultracentrifugation
- ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Frackelton
- Department of Medicine, Brown University and Roger Williams Medical Center, Province, Rhode Island 02908
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26
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Abstract
A survey was conducted to trace the source of nosocomial fungal infections in the burn care unit of Nehru Hospital, Chandigarh, India, by collection of samples from wounds of 25 severely burnt patients and their surroundings. The environmental sampling revealed predominant fungal contamination by dematiceous hyphomycetes, aspergilli, Penicillium, Fusarium and yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis), whereas the colonising or invading fungi from the patients were Aspergillus flavus and yeasts of the genus Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, Torulopsis glabrata). This study thus corroborates the more pathogenic potential of some of the environmental fungal isolates located in the vicinity of the immunocompromised patients and stresses the need for decontamination of the environment of the burn care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chakrabarti
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Sasidharan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College, Calicut, Kerala
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28
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Abstract
The azodye 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene inhibited oxidation and phosphorylation in tightly coupled rat liver mitochondria. Phosphorylation was more sensitive to the inhibitory action of the azodye than was the oxidation of succinate or ascorbate. The oxidation of NAD+-linked substrate was severely inhibited by the compound. In submitochondrial particles, only NADH oxidation was sensitive. The site of inhibition has been identified to lie between the dehydrogenase flavoprotein and ubiquinone.
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29
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Laing GS, Kumar PS, Frayn KN, Little RA. Cardiac arrest and plasma catecholamines. J R Soc Med 1983; 76:1080-1. [PMID: 6672203 PMCID: PMC1439494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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30
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George T, Kumar PS, Jayanthi Bai N, Krishnamurthy S. Lipid antioxidants & hemolysis. Indian J Biochem Biophys 1980; 17:395-8. [PMID: 7251020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Kumar PS, Kumar R, Mohapatra LN. Purification of toxoplasma haemagglutination antigen. Indian J Med Res 1978; 68:44-51. [PMID: 700848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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32
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Kumar PS, Kumar R, Mohapatra LN. Effect of SDDS (2-'sulfamonyl-4,4'-diamino diphenylsulphone) on experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in rabbits. Indian J Med Res 1978; 67:908-17. [PMID: 721183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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33
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Kumar PS, Mohapatra LN, Balaya S, Kumar R. Haemagglutination antigen from Toxoplasma gondii grown in tissue culture. Indian J Med Res 1977; 66:756-64. [PMID: 608743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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