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von Stillfried S, Freeborn B, Windeck S, Boor P, Böcker J, Schmidt J, Tholen P, Röhrig R, Majeed R, Wienströer J, Bremer J, Weis J, Knüchel R, Breitbach A, Bülow RD, Cacchi C, Wucherpfennig S, Märkl B, Claus R, Dhillon C, Schaller T, Sipos E, Spring O, Braun G, Römmele C, Kling E, Kröncke T, Wittmann M, Hirschbühl K, Heppner FL, Meinhardt J, Radbruch H, Streit S, Horst D, Elezkurtaj S, Quaas A, Göbel H, Friemann J, Hansen T, Titze U, Lorenzen J, Reuter T, Woloszyn J, Baretton G, Hilsenbeck J, Meinhardt M, Pablik J, Sommer L, Holotiuk O, Meinel M, Esposito I, Crudele G, Seidl M, Mahlke N, Hartmann A, Haller F, Eichhorn P, Lange F, Amann KU, Coras R, Ingenwerth M, Rawitzer J, Schmid KW, Theegarten D, Gradhand E, Smith K, Wild P, Birngruber CG, Schilling O, Werner M, Acker T, Gattenlöhner S, Franz J, Metz I, Stadelmann C, Stork L, Thomas C, Zechel S, Ströbel P, Fathke C, Harder A, Wickenhauser C, Glatzel M, Matschke J, Krasemann S, Dietz E, Edler C, Fitzek A, Fröb D, Heinemann A, Heinrich F, Klein A, Kniep I, Lohner L, Möbius D, Ondruschka B, Püschel K, Schädler J, Schröder AS, Sperhake JP, Aepfelbacher M, Fischer N, Lütgehetmann M, Pfefferle S, Jonigk D, Werlein C, Domke LM, Hartmann L, Klein I, Schirmacher P, Schwab C, Röcken C, Langer D, Roth W, Strobl S, Rudelius M, Delbridge C, Kasajima A, Kuhn PH, Slotta-Huspenina J, Weichert W, Weirich G, Stock K, Barth P, Schnepper A, Wardelmann E, Evert K, Evert M, Büttner A, Manhart J, Nigbur S, Bösmüller H, Fend F, Granai M, Klingel K, Warm V, Steinestel K, Umathum VG, Rosenwald A, Vogt N, Kurz F. [Update on collaborative autopsy-based research in German pathology, neuropathology, and forensic medicine]. Pathologie (Heidelb) 2022; 43:101-105. [PMID: 36114379 PMCID: PMC9483541 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autopsies are a valuable tool for understanding disease, including COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS The German Registry of COVID-19 Autopsies (DeRegCOVID), established in April 2020, serves as the electronic backbone of the National Autopsy Network (NATON), launched in early 2022 following DEFEAT PANDEMIcs. RESULTS The NATON consortium's interconnected, collaborative autopsy research is enabled by an unprecedented collaboration of 138 individuals at more than 35 German university and non-university autopsy centers through which pathology, neuropathology, and forensic medicine autopsy data including data on biomaterials are collected in DeRegCOVID and tissue-based research and methods development are conducted. More than 145 publications have now emerged from participating autopsy centers, highlighting various basic science and clinical aspects of COVID-19, such as thromboembolic events, organ tropism, SARS-CoV‑2 detection methods, and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 at autopsy. CONCLUSIONS Participating centers have demonstrated the high value of autopsy and autopsy-derived data and biomaterials to modern medicine. The planned long-term continuation and further development of the registry and network, as well as the open and participatory design, will allow the involvement of all interested partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia von Stillfried
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Benita Freeborn
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Svenja Windeck
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland
| | - Peter Boor
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland ,Medizinische Klinik II (Nephrologie und Immunologie), Universitätsklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland ,Elektronenmikroskopische Einrichtung, Universitätsklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Deutschland
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Strobl S, Senoner T, Finkenstedt A, Widmann G, Plank F, Zoller H, Steinkohl F, Friedrich G, Feuchtner GM. P6149Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for risk stratification in the diagnostic triage of patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT): A long-term outcome study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) prior to liver transplantation (LT) is crucial: CV-disease poses a major threat for posttransplant survival.
Therefore, our purpose was to assess safety of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in patients prior to orthotopic LT over a long-term follow up period, and its value for CV risk stratification.
Methods
In this single center, retrospective observational study 458 patients underwent coronary calcium score (CCS) and coronary CTA for pre-LT risk stratification between 2005 and 2016. CTA was evaluated for 1) stenosis severity (CADRADS: 4-severe>70%/3-intermediate50–70%/2-mild<50%/1-minimal<25%/0=no CAD) 2) plaque burden (SIS, G-score), 3) high–risk plaque features (Napkin Ring Sign, low attenuation plaque, positive remodelling) and 4) Coronary Calcium Score. Primary endpoint was mortality (all-cause and cardiovascular), secondary endpoint major cardiovascular events (MACE).
Results
Finally 270 patients (79.3% males, age 61±8.5 years) who underwent orthotopic LT were included (mean follow-up 7.5 years±3.1, range 2–13). 87 (32.2%) had CCS zero and 60 (22.2%) CCS >300 Agatston Units (CCS 335.6 AU± 868.9). 248 patients underwent CTA after CCS. The majority had CAD (n=173, 72.3%) by CTA while only 75 (27.7%) had no CAD. 102 patients (38.8%) had minimal-or-mild stenosis<50% (CADRADS 1–2), 34 (12.9%) intermediate and 17 (6.5%) severe stenosis.Out of CCS 0 patients, 13 had non-calcified plaque.
All-cause mortality rate was 46 (17.0%), with the majority of patients (43 (93.5%) experiencing non-cardiac death and 3 (6.5%) cardiovascular death due to 1 myocardial infarction and 2 cardiopulmonary failure. CADRADS predicted mortality (Kaplan Meir, p<0.001). On multivariate Cox Regression modell, SIS and G-score predicted all-cause mortality (HR 1.1:p=0.034; 95% CI: 0.649–0.983 and HR 1.1, p=0.029; 95% CI: 1.0–1.6), while Calcium Score did not. There were 6 MACE (3 STEMI, 3 NSTEMI). MACE rate was 0% in CADRADS 0 or 1, 1 in CADRADS-2 and increasing to 5 in CADRADS 3 and 4 groups.
Coronary CTA for LT risk stratification
Conclusion
Cardiac CT is a reliable non-invasive modality for pre-LT assessment of CV-risk over a long-term period, with 0% MACE in patients with no CAD or minimal CAD. CTA allows for an improved CV-risk stratification by stenosis severity (CADRADS) and plaque burden as compared to calcium scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strobl
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Senoner
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - G Widmann
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Plank
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - H Zoller
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Steinkohl
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Friedrich
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Pfützner A, Pfützner J, Demircik F, Strobl S, Pfützner AH, Lier A. Mahlzeiten-Experimente zur Evaluierung eines kombinierten Invasiven und Nicht-invasiven Messsystems zum Glukose-Monitoring an der Fingerbeere. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pfützner
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
- Technische Hochschule, Biotechnologie, Bingen, Germany
| | - J Pfützner
- Technische Hochschule, Biotechnologie, Bingen, Germany
| | - F Demircik
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Strobl
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - A Lier
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
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Pfützner A, Demircik F, Pfützner J, Kessler K, Strobl S, Spatz J, Pfützner AH, Lier A. Bestimmung der Systemgenauigkeit der Invasiven und der Nichtinvasiven Komponente eines Messgeräts zum Glukose-Monitoring an der Fingerbeere. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pfützner
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
- Technische Hochschule, Biotechnologie, Bingen, Germany
| | - F Demircik
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - K Kessler
- Technische Hochschule, Bingen, Germany
| | - S Strobl
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Spatz
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - A Lier
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany
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Yasuo S, Kenichi Y, Ueno N, Arimoto A, Hosono M, Yoshikawa T, Toyokawa A, Kakeji Y, Tsai Y, Tsai C, Sul J, Lim M, Park J, Jang CE, Santilli O, Tripoloni D, Santilli H, Nardelli N, Greco A, Estevez M, Sakurai S, Ryu S, Cesana G, Ciccarese F, Uccelli M, Grava G, Castello G, Carrieri D, Legnani G, Olmi S, Naito M, Yamamoto H, Sawada Y, Mandai Y, Asano H, Ino H, Tsukuda K, Nagahama T, Ando M, Ami K, Arai K, Miladinovic M, Kitanovic A, Lechner M, Mayer F, Meissnitzer M, Fortsner R, Öfner D, Köhler G, Jäger T, Kumata Y, Fukushima R, Inaba T, Yaguchi Y, Horikawa M, Ogawa E, Katayama T, Kumar PS, Unal D, Caparlar C, Akkaya T, Mercan U, Kulacoglu H, Barreiro JJ, Baer IG, García LS, Cumplido PL, Florez LJG, Muñiz PF, Fujino K, Mita K, Ohta E, Takahashi K, Hashimoto M, Nagayasu K, Murabayashi R, Asakawa H, Koizumi K, Hayashi G, Ito H, Felberbauer F, Strobl S, Kristo I, Riss S, Prager G, El Komy H, El Gendi A, Nabil W, Karam M, El Kayal S, Chihara N, Suzuki H, Watanabe M, Uchida E, Chen T, Wang J, Wang H, Bouchiba N, Elbakary T, Ramadan A, Elakkad M, Berney C, Vlasov V, Babii I, Pidmurnyak O, Prystupa M, Asakage N, Molinari P, Contino E, Guzzetti L, Oggioni M, Sambuco M, Berselli M, Farassino L, Cocozza E, Crespi A, Ambrosoli A, Zhao Y. Topic: Inguinal Hernia - Unsolved problem in the daily practice. Hernia 2015; 19 Suppl 1:S293-304. [PMID: 26518826 DOI: 10.1007/bf03355374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Yasuo
- Department of Surgery. Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation, Inc. Saiseikai Wakakusa Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Kenichi
- Department of Surgery. Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation, Inc. Saiseikai Wakakusa Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Ueno
- Department of General Surgery, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Arimoto
- Department of General Surgery, Takatsuki General Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - M Hosono
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - T Yoshikawa
- Department of General Surgery, Takatsuki General Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - A Toyokawa
- Department of General Surgery, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Tsai
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Tsai
- Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J Sul
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M Lim
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J Park
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - O Santilli
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Tripoloni
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Santilli
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Nardelli
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Greco
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Estevez
- Centro De Patologia Herniaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Sakurai
- St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Ryu
- Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - G Cesana
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - F Ciccarese
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - M Uccelli
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - G Grava
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - G Castello
- General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - D Carrieri
- General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - G Legnani
- General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - S Olmi
- School of General Surgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,General and Oncologic Surgery Department, S. Marco Hospital, Zingonia, BG, Italy
| | - M Naito
- Department of Surgery, Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Sawada
- Himeji Daiichi Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Y Mandai
- Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Asano
- Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - H Ino
- Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - K Tsukuda
- Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Nagahama
- Department of Surgery, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ando
- Department of Surgery, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ami
- Department of Surgery, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Arai
- Department of Surgery, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - A Kitanovic
- Surgery ward, General hospital, Krusevac, Serbia
| | - M Lechner
- Department of General Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - F Mayer
- Department of General Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Meissnitzer
- Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - R Fortsner
- Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - D Öfner
- Department of General Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Köhler
- Department of General Surgery, Sisters of Charity Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - T Jäger
- Department of General Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Y Kumata
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Fukushima
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Inaba
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Horikawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Katayama
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P S Kumar
- ESI-PGIMSR and Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - D Unal
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Caparlar
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Akkaya
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - U Mercan
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Kulacoglu
- Diskapi Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Fujino
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K Mita
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - E Ohta
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - M Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K Nagayasu
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - R Murabayashi
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - H Asakawa
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - K Koizumi
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - G Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Department of Surgery, New Tokyo Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - F Felberbauer
- Div. of General Surgery, Dpt. of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - H El Komy
- Faculty of medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - W Nabil
- Faculty of medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M Karam
- Faculty of medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - N Chihara
- Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Nippon Medical School, Musashikosugi Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - E Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Chen
- Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Biliary-pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - N Bouchiba
- Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - T Elbakary
- Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - A Ramadan
- Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - M Elakkad
- Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Wakra, Qatar
| | - C Berney
- Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - V Vlasov
- Khmelnitskiy regional hospital, Khmelnitskiy, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - N Asakage
- Department of Surgery, Tsudanuma Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - P Molinari
- University Of Insubria Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Varese, Italy
| | - E Contino
- University Of Insubria Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Varese, Italy
| | - L Guzzetti
- Department Of Anesthesia and Palliative Care, University Hospital Of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - M Oggioni
- Department Of Anesthesia and Palliative Care, University Hospital Of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - M Sambuco
- Department Of Anesthesia and Palliative Care, University Hospital Of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - M Berselli
- University Hospital Of Varese Department Of Surgery, Varese, Italy
| | - L Farassino
- University Hospital Of Varese Department Of Surgery, Varese, Italy
| | - E Cocozza
- University Hospital Of Varese Department Of Surgery, Varese, Italy
| | - A Crespi
- University Of Insubria Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Varese, Italy
| | - A Ambrosoli
- Department Of Anesthesia and Palliative Care, University Hospital Of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
AIM The study investigated the fate of patients with perianal sepsis of cryptoglandular origin. METHOD All patients treated for perianal sepsis between January 1994 and December 2000 were retrospectively analysed regarding recurrence and faecal incontinence. Data collection was conducted by chart review and by telephone questionnaire using the Vaizey incontinence score. RESULTS One hundred seventy-three (58%) of 300 patients were available for follow-up at a median period of 121 (77-171) months. Fistula-in-ano was diagnosed in 156 (90%) patients. After a single surgical procedure, 55 (32%) patients had no recurrence of perianal sepsis. In 118 (68%), recurrence required multiple procedures (median 3, range 2-19). If only a single incision and drainage was performed (n = 10, 6%), no faecal incontinence occurred. Drainage with fistulotomy (n = 45, 26%) induced mild incontinence in 9% and severe incontinence in 4%. After multiple procedures that were required in 118 (68%) patients, mild and severe faecal incontinence was found in 16% and 4% of them, respectively. CONCLUSION Treatment of anal sepsis is associated with a high recurrence rate and a substantial risk of faecal incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stremitzer
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ammendola A, Doblhofer R, Strobl S, Hamm S, Schmidt M, Gimmnich P, Pekari K, Zimmermann A, Hentsch B. 501 4SC-207, a novel and highly potent anti-mitotic agent, active also on P-gp expressing tumor cells resistant to other chemotherapeutic drugs, induces complete tumor stasis in vivo. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Strobl S, Zuber-Jerger I, Kirchner G, Wiest R, Siebig S, Klebl F. Akutes toxisches Leberversagen aufgrund einer Vitaminüberdosierung bei Sprue. Z Gastroenterol 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1267690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Carugo O, Lu S, Luo J, Gu X, Liang S, Strobl S, Pongor S. Structural analysis of free and enzyme-bound amaranth alpha-amylase inhibitor: classification within the knottin fold superfamily and analysis of its functional flexibility. Protein Eng 2001; 14:639-46. [PMID: 11707609 DOI: 10.1093/protein/14.9.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of the amaranth alpha-amylase inhibitor (AAI) adopts a knottin fold of abcabc topology. Upon binding to alpha-amylase, it adopts a more compact conformation characterized by an increased number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, a decreased volume and in addition a trans to cis isomerization of Pro20. A systematic analysis of the 3-D structural databanks revealed that similar proteins and domains share with AAI the characteristic presence of proline residues, many of which are in a cis backbone conformation. As these proteins fulfil a variety of functional roles and are expressed in very different organisms, we conclude that the structure of the knottin fold, including the propensity of the cis bond, are the result of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Carugo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, Trieste Department of General Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Reverter D, Strobl S, Fernandez-Catalan C, Sorimachi H, Suzuki K, Bode W. Structural basis for possible calcium-induced activation mechanisms of calpains. Biol Chem 2001; 382:753-66. [PMID: 11517928 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The calpains form a growing family of structurally related intracellular multidomainal cysteine proteinases, which exhibit a catalytic domain distantly related to papain. In contrast to papain, however, their activity in most cases depends on calcium. The calpains are believed to play important roles in cytoskeletal remodeling processes, cell differentiation, apoptosis and signal transduction, but have also been implicated in muscular dystrophy, ischemia, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and cataract formation. The best characterized calpains are the ubiquitously expressed mu- and m-calpains, consisting of a common 30 kDa small S-subunit (domains V and VI) and slightly differing 80 kDa large L-subunits (domains I to IV). We have recently determined the 2.3 A structure of recombinant full-length human m-calpain in the absence of calcium, which reveals that the catalytic domain and the two calmodulin-like domains, previously believed to represent the unique calcium switch, are not positioned adjacent to each other, but are separated by the beta-sandwich domain III, which distantly resembles C2 domains. Although the catalytic domain of apocalpain is strongly disrupted compared to papain (which explains its inactivity in the absence of calcium), the crystal structure reveals several sites where calcium could bind, thereby causing a subdomain fusion to form a papain-like catalytic center. All current evidence points to the cooperative interaction of several calcium binding sites. Sites identified include the three EF-hand binding sites in each calmodulin-like domain, the negatively charged segments arranged around the active-site cleft (provided by both catalytic subdomains), as well as an exposed acidic loop of domain III, whose charge compensation could allow the adjacent barrel-like subdomain IIb to move toward the helical subdomain IIa. The Gly-rich S-chain N-terminus and the calcium-loaded acidic loop could target the conventional calpains to cellular/nuclear membranes, thereby explaining their strongly reduced calcium requirement in vivo and in vitro in the presence of acidic phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reverter
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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12
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Strobl S, Fernandez-Catalan C, Braun M, Huber R, Masumoto H, Nakagawa K, Irie A, Sorimachi H, Bourenkow G, Bartunik H, Suzuki K, Bode W. The crystal structure of calcium-free human m-calpain suggests an electrostatic switch mechanism for activation by calcium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:588-92. [PMID: 10639123 PMCID: PMC15374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.2.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains (calcium-dependent cytoplasmic cysteine proteinases) are implicated in processes such as cytoskeleton remodeling and signal transduction. The 2.3-A crystal structure of full-length heterodimeric [80-kDa (dI-dIV) + 30-kDa (dV+dVI)] human m-calpain crystallized in the absence of calcium reveals an oval disc-like shape, with the papain-like catalytic domain dII and the two calmodulin-like domains dIV+dVI occupying opposite poles, and the tumor necrosis factor alpha-like beta-sandwich domain dIII and the N-terminal segments dI+dV located between. Compared with papain, the two subdomains dIIa+dIIb of the catalytic unit are rotated against one another by 50 degrees, disrupting the active site and the substrate binding site, explaining the inactivity of calpains in the absence of calcium. Calcium binding to an extremely negatively charged loop of domain dIII (an electrostatic switch) could release the adjacent barrel-like subdomain dIIb to move toward the helical subdomain dIIa, allowing formation of a functional catalytic center. This switch loop could also mediate membrane binding, thereby explaining calpains' strongly reduced calcium requirements in vivo. The activity status at the catalytic center might be further modulated by calcium binding to the calmodulin domains via the N-terminal linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strobl
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D 82 152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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13
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Masumoto H, Nakagawa K, Irie S, Sorimachi H, Suzuki K, Bourenkov GP, Bartunik H, Fernandez-Catalan C, Bode W, Strobl S. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of recombinant full-length human m-calpain. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2000; 56:73-5. [PMID: 10666632 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444999013748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
m-Calpain constitutes the prototype of the superfamily of neutral calcium-activated cysteine proteinases. It is a heterodimer consisting of an 80 and a 30 kDa subunit. Recombinant full-length human m-calpain has been crystallized using macro-seeding techniques and vapour-diffusion methods. Two different monoclinic crystal forms (space group P2(1)) were obtained from a solution containing polyethylene glycol (M(W) = 10 000) as a precipitating agent. Complete data sets have been collected to 2.3 and 3.0 A resolution using cryo-cooling conditions and synchrotron radiation. The unit-cell parameters are a = 64.86, b = 133.97, c = 78.00 A, beta = 102.43 degrees and a = 51.80, b = 171.36, c = 64.66 A, beta = 94.78 degrees, respectively. The V(m) values indicate that there is one heterodimer in each asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Masumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1--1--1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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14
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Nelson EL, Strobl S, Subleski J, Prieto D, Kopp WC, Nelson PJ. Cycling of human dendritic cell effector phenotypes in response to TNF-alpha: modification of the current 'maturation' paradigm and implications for in vivo immunoregulation. FASEB J 1999; 13:2021-30. [PMID: 10544185 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.13.14.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells reported to undergo irreversible functional 'maturation' in response to inflammatory signals such as TNF-alpha. The current paradigm holds that this DC maturation event is required for full functional capacity and represents terminal differentiation of this cell type, culminating in apoptotic cell death. This provides a possible mechanism for avoiding dysregulated immunostimulatory activity, but imposes constraints on the capacity of DCs to influence subsequent immune responses and to participate in immunological memory. We report that the cell surface and functional effects induced by TNF-alpha are reversible and reinducible. These effects are accompanied by a concordant modulation of cytokine mRNA expression that includes the induction of proinflammatory factors (IL-15, IL-12, LT-alpha, LT-beta, TNF-alpha, RANTES) which is coincident with the down-regulation of counter-regulatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, IL-1 RA, MCP-1). The resultant net effect is a dendritic cell activation state characterized by a transient proinflammatory posture. These results demonstrate that 1) human DCs do not undergo terminal 'maturation' in response to TNF-alpha, 2) DC phenotypes are more pleiotropic than previously thought, and 3) DCs are potential immunoregulatory effector cells with implications for control of immune responses in both in vivo and in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Nelson
- Immunotherapy Laboratory and Clinical Support Laboratory, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Division of Clinical Sciences, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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15
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Pereira PJ, Lozanov V, Patthy A, Huber R, Bode W, Pongor S, Strobl S. Specific inhibition of insect alpha-amylases: yellow meal worm alpha-amylase in complex with the amaranth alpha-amylase inhibitor at 2.0 A resolution. Structure 1999; 7:1079-88. [PMID: 10508777 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(99)80175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND alpha-Amylases constitute a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1,4)-glucan linkages in starch and related polysaccharides. The Amaranth alpha-amylase inhibitor (AAI) specifically inhibits alpha-amylases from insects, but not from mammalian sources. AAI is the smallest proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitor described so far and has no known homologs in the sequence databases. Its mode of inhibition of alpha-amylases was unknown until now. RESULTS The crystal structure of yellow meal worm alpha-amylase (TMA) in complex with AAI was determined at 2.0 A resolution. The overall fold of AAI, its three-stranded twisted beta sheet and the topology of its disulfide bonds identify it as a knottin-like protein. The inhibitor binds into the active-site groove of TMA, blocking the central four sugar-binding subsites. Residues from two AAI segments target the active-site residues of TMA. A comparison of the TMA-AAI complex with a modeled complex between porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) and AAI identified six hydrogen bonds that can be formed only in the TMA-AAI complex. CONCLUSIONS The binding of AAI to TMA presents a new inhibition mode for alpha-amylases. Due to its unique specificity towards insect alpha-amylases, AAI might represent a valuable tool for protecting crop plants from predatory insects. The close structural homology between AAI and 'knottins' opens new perspectives for the engineering of various novel activities onto the small scaffold of this group of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pereira
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie Am Klopferspitz 18a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
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16
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Pereira PJ, Wang ZM, Rubin H, Huber R, Bode W, Schechter NM, Strobl S. The 2.2 A Crystal Structure of Human Chymase in Complex with Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-chloromethylketone: Structural Explanation for its Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase Specificity. J Mol Biol 1999; 286:817. [PMID: 10208809 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Pereira PJ, Wang ZM, Rubin H, Huber R, Bode W, Schechter NM, Strobl S. The 2.2 A crystal structure of human chymase in complex with succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-chloromethylketone: structural explanation for its dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase specificity. J Mol Biol 1999; 286:163-73. [PMID: 9931257 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human chymase (HC) is a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase expressed by mast cells. The 2.2 A crystal structure of HC complexed to the peptidyl inhibitor, succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-chloromethylketone (CMK), was solved and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 18.4 %. The HC structure exhibits the typical folding pattern of a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase, and shows particularly similarity to rat chymase 2 (rat mast cell proteinase II) and human cathepsin G. The peptidyl-CMK inhibitor is covalently bound to the active-site residues Ser195 and His57; the peptidyl moiety juxtaposes the S1 entrance frame segment 214-217 by forming a short antiparallel beta-sheet. HC is a highly efficient angiotensin-converting enzyme. Modeling of the chymase-angiotensin I interaction guided by the geometry of the bound chloromethylketone inhibitor indicates that the extended substrate binding site contains features that may generate the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase-like activity needed for efficient cleavage and activation of the hormone. The C-terminal carboxylate group of angiotensin I docked into the active-site cleft, with the last two residues extending beyond the active site, is perfectly localized to make a favorable hydrogen bond and salt bridge with the amide nitrogen of the Lys40-Phe41 peptide bond and with the epsilon-ammonium group of the Lys40 side-chain. This amide positioning is unique to the chymase-related proteinases, and only chymases from primates possess a Lys residue at position 40. Thus, the structure conveniently explains the preferred conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by human chymase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Pereira
- Abteilung für Strukturforschung, Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18a, Martinsried, D-82152, Germany
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18
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Curti BD, Ochoa AC, Powers GC, Kopp WC, Alvord WG, Janik JE, Gause BL, Dunn B, Kopreski MS, Fenton R, Zea A, Dansky-Ullmann C, Strobl S, Harvey L, Nelson E, Sznol M, Longo DL. Phase I trial of anti-CD3-stimulated CD4+ T cells, infusional interleukin-2, and cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:2752-60. [PMID: 9704728 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1998.16.8.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We performed a phase I trial to determine whether in vivo expansion of activated CD4+ T cells was possible in cancer patients. 111Indium labeling was used to observe trafficking patterns of the infused stimulated CD4+ T cells. The influence of cyclophosphamide (CTX) dosing on immunologic outcome was also examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma received CTX at 300 or 1,000 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.). Leukapheresis was performed to harvest peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) either just before the CTX dose, or when the patient was either entering or recovering from the leukocyte nadir induced by CTX. An enriched population of CD4+ T cells was obtained by negative selection. The CD4+ T cells were activated ex vivo with anti-CD3, cultured with interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 4 days, and adoptively transferred. After adoptive transfer, patients received IL-2 (9.0 x 10(6) IU/m2/d) by continuous infusion for 7 days. RESULTS The absolute number of CD4+, CD4+/DR+, and CD4+/CD45RO+ T cells increased in a statistically significant fashion in all cohorts after the first course of therapy. The degree of CD4 expansion was much greater than CD8 expansion, which resulted in a CD4:CD8 ratio that increased in 26 of 31 patients. The greatest in vivo CD4 expansion occurred when cells were harvested as patients entered the CTX-induced nadir. One complete response (CR), two partial responses (PRs), and eight minor responses were observed. Trafficking of 111Indium-labeled CD4 cells to subcutaneous melanoma deposits was also documented. CONCLUSION CD4+ T cells can be expanded in vivo in cancer patients, which results in increased CD4:CD8 ratios. The timing of pheresis in relation to CTX administration influences the degree of CD4 expansion. Tumor responses with this regimen were observed in a variety of tumors, including melanoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; a high percentage of patients had at least some tumor regression from the regimen that produced the greatest CD4+ T-cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Curti
- Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Strobl S, Maskos K, Wiegand G, Huber R, Gomis-Rüth FX, Glockshuber R. A novel strategy for inhibition of alpha-amylases: yellow meal worm alpha-amylase in complex with the Ragi bifunctional inhibitor at 2.5 A resolution. Structure 1998; 6:911-21. [PMID: 9687373 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(98)00092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND alpha-Amylases catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1,4)-glucan linkages in starch and related compounds. There is a wide range of industrial and medical applications for these enzymes and their inhibitors. The Ragi bifunctional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor (RBI) is the prototype of the cereal inhibitor superfamily and is the only member of this family that inhibits both trypsin and alpha-amylases. The mode of inhibition of alpha-amylases by these cereal inhibitors has so far been unknown. RESULTS The crystal structure of yellow meal worm alpha-amylase (TMA) in complex with RBI was determined at 2.5 A resolution. RBI almost completely fills the substrate-binding site of TMA. Specifically, the free N terminus and the first residue (Ser1) of RBI interact with all three acidic residues of the active site of TMA (Asp185, Glu222 and Asp287). The complex is further stabilized by extensive interactions between the enzyme and inhibitor. Although there is no significant structural reorientation in TMA upon inhibitor binding, the N-terminal segment of RBI, which is highly flexible in the free inhibitor, adopts a 3(10)-helical conformation in the complex. RBI's trypsin-binding loop is located opposite the alpha-amylase-binding site, allowing simultaneous binding of alpha-amylase and trypsin. CONCLUSIONS The binding of RBI to TMA constitutes a new inhibition mechanism for alpha-amylases and should be general for all alpha-amylase inhibitors of the cereal inhibitor superfamily. Because RBI inhibits two important digestive enzymes of animals, it constitutes an efficient plant defense protein and may be used to protect crop plants from predatory insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strobl
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biophysik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland
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Strobl S, Maskos K, Betz M, Wiegand G, Huber R, Gomis-Rüth FX, Glockshuber R. Crystal structure of yellow meal worm alpha-amylase at 1.64 A resolution. J Mol Biol 1998; 278:617-28. [PMID: 9600843 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of the alpha-amylase from Tenebrio molitor larvae (TMA) has been determined by molecular replacement techniques using diffraction data of a crystal of space group P212121 (a=51.24 A; b=93.46 A; c=96.95 A). The structure has been refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 17.7% for 58,219 independent reflections in the 7.0 to 1.64 A resolution range, with root-mean-square deviations of 0.008 A for bond lengths and 1.482 degrees for bond angles. The final model comprises all 471 residues of TMA, 261 water molecules, one calcium cation and one chloride anion. The electron density confirms that the N-terminal glutamine residue has undergone a post-transitional modification resulting in a stable 5-oxo-proline residue. The X-ray structure of TMA provides the first three-dimensional model of an insect alpha-amylase. The monomeric enzyme exhibits an elongated shape approximately 75 Ax46 Ax40 A and consists of three distinct domains, in line with models for alpha-amylases from microbial, plant and mammalian origin. However, the structure of TMA reflects in the substrate and inhibitor binding region a remarkable difference from mammalian alpha-amylases: the lack of a highly flexible, glycine-rich loop, which has been proposed to be involved in a "trap-release" mechanism of substrate hydrolysis by mammalian alpha-amylases. The structural differences between alpha-amylases of various origins might explain the specificity of inhibitors directed exclusively against insect alpha-amylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strobl
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biophysik, Eidenössische Technische Hochschule Hönggerberg, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
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Strobl S, Gomis-Rüth FX, Maskos K, Frank G, Huber R, Glockshuber R. The alpha-amylase from the yellow meal worm: complete primary structure, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis. FEBS Lett 1997; 409:109-14. [PMID: 9199514 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The alpha-amylase from Tenebrio molitor larvae (TMA) was purified from a crude larval extract. After removal of the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue and identification of the following 17 residues by Edman sequencing, the cDNA of mature TMA was cloned from larval mRNA. The encoded enzyme consists of 471 amino acid residues and has 57-79% sequence identity to other insect alpha-amylases and also shows high homology to the mammalian enzymes. TMA was crystallized in form of well-ordered orthorhombic crystals of space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) diffracting beyond 1.6 A resolution with unit cell dimensions of a = 51.24 A, b = 93.46 A, c = 96.95 A. TMA may serve as model system for the future analysis of interactions between insect alpha-amylase and proteinaceous plant inhibitors on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strobl
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biophysik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland
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Strobl S, Mühlhahn P, Bernstein R, Wiltscheck R, Maskos K, Wunderlich M, Huber R, Glockshuber R, Holak TA. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of the bifunctional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor from ragi seeds by NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1995; 34:8281-93. [PMID: 7599120 DOI: 10.1021/bi00026a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of the bifunctional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor (RBI) from seeds of ragi (Eleusine coracana Gaertneri) has been determined in solution using multidimensional 1H and 15N NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitor consists of 122 amino acids, with 5 disulfide bridges, and belongs to the plant alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor family for which no three-dimensional structures have yet been available. The structure of the inhibitor was determined on the basis of 1131 interresidue interproton distance constraints derived from nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements and 52 phi angles, supplemented by 9 psi and 51 chi 1 angles. RBI consists of a globular four-helix motif with a simple "up-and-down" topology. The helices are between residues 18-29, 37-51, 58-65, and 87-94. A fragment from Val 67 to Ser 69 and Gln 73 to Glu 75 forms an antiparallel beta-sheet. The fold of RBI represents a new motif among the serine proteinase inhibitors. The trypsin binding loop of RBI adopts the "canonical", substrate-like conformation which is highly conserved among serine proteinase inhibitors. The binding loop is stabilized by the two adjacent alpha-helices 1 and 2. This motif is also novel and not found in known structures of serine proteinase inhibitors. The three-dimensional structure of RBI together with biochemical data suggests the location of the alpha-amylase binding site on the face of the molecule opposite to the site of the trypsin binding loop. The RBI fold should be general for all members of the RBI family because conserved residues among the members of the family from the core of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strobl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, FRG
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Abstract
The relative binding affinities of Mnt protein are determined for each possible base-pair at position 15 of the operator sequence, and for all combinations of G.C base-pairs at positions 15 and 17. The partitioning of each operator sequence is determined quantitatively with restriction enzymes. At position 15, the wild-type G.C base-pair provides the highest binding affinity but, unlike position 17, the primary distinction is between purine and pyrimidine bases on the top strand. The information content at position 15 is only about 0.16 bit. In comparison with previous measurements at position 17, it is determined that the interactions of the Mnt protein with positions 15 and 17 are independent, i.e. the specific binding energies for the two positions are additive. The relative binding affinities at position 17 are also determined in the background of a G to T mutation at position 5, the position equivalent to 17 on the other half of the symmetric operator. The relative affinities at position 17 are independent of whether position 5 is wild-type or mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stormo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0347
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