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Dawson R, Wands DIF, Logan M, Bremner G, Efklides S, Benn L, Henderson P, Grant H, Meredith J, Armstrong K, Wilson DC, Gerasimidis K, Alex G, Russell RK. Comparing Effectiveness of a Generic Oral Nutritional Supplement With Specialized Formula in the Treatment of Active Pediatric Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1859-1864. [PMID: 35259266 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the recommended induction treatment of mild to moderate active pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). This study compared outcomes of 2 proprietary polymeric formulas. Treatment effectiveness was examined along with practical aspects of formula delivery and differences in estimated treatment costs. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from patients with CD who received a generic oral nutritional supplement (Fortisip) across 2 centers (RCH, Melbourne and RHSC, Edinburgh). This was compared with a prospective cohort (RHC, Glasgow) that used a specialized formula (Modulen IBD). The data collected included patient demographics, remission rates, biochemical markers, administration method, and anthropometrics. The estimated treatment cost was performed by comparing price per kcal between each formula. RESULTS One hundred seventy-one patients were included (106 Fortisip, 65 Modulen IBD, 70 female; median age 13.3 yrs). No difference was demonstrated in remission rate (Fortisip n = 67 of 106 [63%] vs Modulen IBD n = 41 of 64 [64%], P = .89), nonadherence rate (Fortisip n = 7 of 106 [7%] vs Modulen IBD 3 of 64 [5%], P = .57) or method of administration (NGT Fortisip use n = 16 of 106 [12%] vs Modulen IBD 14 of 65 [22%]; P = .31). There was no difference in reduction of biochemical disease markers between the groups (C-reactive protein , P = .13; erythrocyte sedimentation rate, P = .49; fecal calprotectin, P = .94). However, there was a cost-saving of around £500/patient/course if the generic oral nutritional supplement was used. CONCLUSIONS The generic oral nutritional supplement and specialized formulas both had similar clinical effectiveness in induction of remission in pediatric CD. However, there is considerable cost-saving when using a generic oral nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dawson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D I F Wands
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Logan
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Bremner
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Efklides
- Department of Nutrition and Food Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Benn
- Department of Nutrition and Food Services, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Henderson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Grant
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Meredith
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Armstrong
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Wilson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Gerasimidis
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Alex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Children & Young people, Edinburgh, UK
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2
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Kuenzig E, Fung SG, Marderfeld L, Mak JW, Kaplan GG, Ng SC, Wilson DC, Cameron FL, Henderson P, Kotze PG, Benchimol EI. A25 THE RISING GLOBAL INCIDENCE OF PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF POPULATION-BASED STUDIES. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasing internationally, particularly in developing nations where rates were historically low. Previous reports of the incidence and prevalence of pediatric-onset IBD have identified a paucity of population-based studies.
Aims
We reviewed the global trends in incidence of pediatric IBD using evidence from population-based studies.
Methods
(PROSPERO CRD42019125193) We systematically reviewed studies indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Airiti Library, and SciELO from 01/2010-02/2020 to identify population-based studies reporting the incidence of pediatric-onset IBD, CD, and UC. Included studies combined childhood and adolescent-onset IBD (onset <21y). Changes in incidence since 2000 were plotted by continent, with data from 2000–09 provided by our previous systematic review1. To depict trends, multiple times points reported in single studies were connected on graphs. When incidence was reported as an aggregated estimate over a range of years, data was plotted using the midpoint of the interval.
Results
Of 8096 abstracts screened, 74 studies described the incidence of IBD, CD, or UC in 33 countries (Figure panel A). The incidence of pediatric-onset IBD is highest in Northern Europe and North America, and lowest in Southern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. This geographical distribution is similar in UC, while incidence of pediatric-onset CD is highest in North America and Northern Europe, followed by Australia. Trends in incidence over time, stratified by continent, are reported in Figure, panel B. Significantly increasing incidence of IBD, CD, and/or UC was reported in China, Bahrain, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, and most European countries. Very Early Onset (VEO) IBD significantly increased in Canada, however Saudi Arabia reported decreasing incidence of VEO-CD but stable incidence of VEO-UC.
Conclusions
Conclusion: Incidence of pediatric-onset IBD are highest in Northern Europe and North American and are increasing globally. There remains a paucity of studies from many parts of the world on the incidence pediatric IBD. Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis of the rising incidence of pediatric IBD, including work to understand the genetic, environmental, immunological and microbiome alterations leading to the increasing rates in children.
References: 1Benchimol, Fortinsky et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:423–39.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kuenzig
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S G Fung
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Marderfeld
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J W Mak
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - G G Kaplan
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S C Ng
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - D C Wilson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - F L Cameron
- Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - P Henderson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - P G Kotze
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - E I Benchimol
- SickKids IBD Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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McPeake JM, Henderson P, Darroch G, Iwashyna TJ, MacTavish P, Robinson C, Quasim T. Social and economic problems of ICU survivors identified by a structured social welfare consultation. Crit Care 2019; 23:153. [PMID: 31046813 PMCID: PMC6498562 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M McPeake
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, ICU, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK. .,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - P Henderson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Darroch
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, ICU, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - T J Iwashyna
- Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P MacTavish
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, ICU, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - C Robinson
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, ICU, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - T Quasim
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, ICU, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wood
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Henderson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK.,Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Andreasson A, Karamanou D, Gillespie C, Borthwick L, Jiwa K, Henderson P, Özalp F, Butt T, Clark S, Pauli H, Corris P, Ali S, Dark J, Fisher A. Treating Donor Lung Inflammation by Blocking Interleukin-1Β - An In Vitro Therapy Testing Platform for Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Love KA, Henderson P, Garrick V, Barclay AR, McGrogan P, Russell RK. Letter: Epstein-Barr virus status may be especially important in paediatric IBD populations. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:231-2. [PMID: 24330243 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Love
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
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9
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Henderson P, Wilson DC, Satsangi J. Differences in phenotype and disease course in adult and paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:391-2; discussion 392-3. [PMID: 22221081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Henderson
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Satsangi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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12
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Hinnie J, Vass JK, Rolfe E, Marchesi VA, MacFarlane FC, McShea L, McKibbin CC, Henderson P, Gaffney D. Two Novel Mutations Causing Familial Benign Hypocalciuric Hypercalcaemia in Three Scottish Families. Scott Med J 2009; 54:11-4. [DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.54.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FBHH) is a benign autosomal dominantly inherited condition which results in elevated serum calcium and low urinary calcium. This condition is of clinical interest because it can be mistakenly diagnosed as primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). In most cases FBHH can be shown to be due to a mutation in the calcium sensing receptor (CASR) gene and we aimed to find the causative mutation in three Scottish kindreds with FBHH. Methods We used a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct DNA sequencing to detect mutations in the CASR gene. Results We detected a mutation in the CASR gene in each of the three kindreds. Two different mutations were detected (the same one was present in two kindreds). Neither mutation has been reported previously. All hypercalcaemic individuals from each kindred had the appropriate mutation while all normocalcaemic individuals did not. Conclusion In the vast majority of kindreds with FBHH which have been reported previously, the CASR mutation responsible is private to that kindred. In three Scottish kindreds we have identified two new mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hinnie
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow, G42 9TY
| | - JK Vass
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, G61 1BD
| | - E Rolfe
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - VA Marchesi
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - FC MacFarlane
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - L McShea
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - CC McKibbin
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - P Henderson
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, PA2 9PN
| | - D Gaffney
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
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13
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Kadouch D, Henderson P, Singh S, Zawaneh P, Putnam D, Spector J. In vivo efficacy of the novel hemostatic agent Poly DHA in an experimental rat model. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Pan C, Li T, He M, de Vere White R, Gandara D, Mack P, Lara PN, Turteltaub K, Henderson P. Design of a phase 0 microdosing trial for correlation of platinum-induced DNA damage to chemotherapy outcomes. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2543 Background: DNA damage is the critical step in cancer cell response to platinum (Pt) chemotherapy. We hypothesize that low levels of Pt-induced DNA damage are predictive of chemoresistance. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), an ultrasensitive method for measuring radiocarbon, can detect [14C]carboplatin bound to the DNA of cancer cells from cell culture, mice bearing tumor xenografts and patients receiving subtoxic microdoses of compound. Methods: Cancer cells and mice bearing tumor xenografts were treated with one microdose (1/100th of the therapeutic dose) or one therapeutic dose of [14C]carboplatin. Relevant parameters such as drug influx/efflux, intracellular drug inactivation, DNA damage and repair, were measured and correlated with response to chemotherapy. A Phase 0 microdosing trial has been designed to study patients with non-small cell lung or bladder transitional cell cancers who are planning to receive Pt-based chemotherapy. One microdose of [14C]carboplatin is administered to these patients 4 hours before biopsy. Pt-induced DNA damage and repair in tumor biopsy specimens and other relevant parameters will be measured and correlated with the response and toxicity of chemotherapy. Results: Preclinical studies showed that AMS can detect Pt-DNA damage when cancer cells and mice with tumor xenografts are exposed to one microdose of [14C]carboplatin. The levels of microdose-induced DNA damage are directly proportional to the damage caused by a therapeutic drug dose (p<0.001); and these levels of DNA damage correlate with chemoresistance as measured by MTT assay. Measuring drug uptake/efflux and intracellular inactivation allows insights into resistance mechanisms. These data support the conclusion that the levels of DNA damage induced by microdosing can potentially predict chemoresistance in patients. Consequently, a Phase 0 microdosing trial is in progress. Conclusions: These results support a phase 0 microdosing trial employing AMS to identify chemoresistance and determine the underlying chemoresistant mechanisms for personalized therapy before patients receive cytotoxic chemotherapy. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pan
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - T. Li
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - M. He
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - R. de Vere White
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - D. Gandara
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - P. Mack
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - P. N. Lara
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - K. Turteltaub
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
| | - P. Henderson
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
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Hellman P, Henderson P. Geochemical and stratigraphic evidence against an oceanic crust interpretation for the Tumut ‘greenstone’ occurrence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00167617708728982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kumar S, Schuhmacher P, Henderson P, Rego J, Ringsdorf H. Synthesis of New Functionalized Discotic Liquid Crystals for Photoconducting Aplications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259608034598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kumar
- a Institut für Organische Chemie der Universiät Mainz , J. J. Becher-Weg 18-20, D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
| | - P. Schuhmacher
- b Centre for Liquid Crystal research , P. O. Box 1329, Jalahalli, Bangalore , India
| | - P. Henderson
- b Centre for Liquid Crystal research , P. O. Box 1329, Jalahalli, Bangalore , India
| | - J. Rego
- b Centre for Liquid Crystal research , P. O. Box 1329, Jalahalli, Bangalore , India
| | - H. Ringsdorf
- b Centre for Liquid Crystal research , P. O. Box 1329, Jalahalli, Bangalore , India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an exercise, the structure and content of which assists medical students to conduct potentially embarrassing conversations concerning sexual health which require expression of empathy, to integrate previous learning, to identify their further learning needs, and to develop and test strategies to meet these needs. METHOD Students' role play, sequentially, speakers (patients) and listeners (clinical students) in a "carousel," in which all students are engaged at all times in a sequence of pairings which change at rapid intervals. Half way through the exercise, students reflect on the experience, identify difficulties and successes, and develop and share strategies for experimental use in the second half of the exercise. RESULTS Qualitative comments from the written student evaluations are reported. CONCLUSIONS The exercise provides a formative student centred approach to the integration and further development of previously learnt knowledge and skills of value for promoting sexual health education. It is useful for educators interested in promoting more open and informed learning about sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Henderson
- Department of Anatomy, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an exercise, the structure and content of which assists medical students to conduct potentially embarrassing conversations concerning sexual health which require expression of empathy, to integrate previous learning, to identify their further learning needs, and to develop and test strategies to meet these needs. METHOD Students' role play, sequentially, speakers (patients) and listeners (clinical students) in a "carousel," in which all students are engaged at all times in a sequence of pairings which change at rapid intervals. Half way through the exercise, students reflect on the experience, identify difficulties and successes, and develop and share strategies for experimental use in the second half of the exercise. RESULTS Qualitative comments from the written student evaluations are reported. CONCLUSIONS The exercise provides a formative student centred approach to the integration and further development of previously learnt knowledge and skills of value for promoting sexual health education. It is useful for educators interested in promoting more open and informed learning about sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Henderson
- Department of Anatomy, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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19
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Jørgensen F, Bailey R, Williams S, Henderson P, Wareing DRA, Bolton FJ, Frost JA, Ward L, Humphrey TJ. Prevalence and numbers of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. on raw, whole chickens in relation to sampling methods. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 76:151-64. [PMID: 12038572 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter continue to be major foodborne pathogens and raw poultry is considered to be an important source of these bacteria. In this study, the prevalence and numbers of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in relation to isolation/sampling methods were determined in 241 whole raw chickens purchased from retail outlets in England during the winters of 1998/1999 (101 chickens) and 1999/2000 (140 chickens). The packaging of the 140 chickens was also examined for the presence of the above pathogens. The prevalence and numbers of enterococci were examined in 21 of the 101 chickens. In total, Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. were present in 25% and 83% of the chickens, respectively. Salmonella were isolated from a sample representing both the inside and outside of the packaging in 19% of the chickens, while the corresponding figure for Campylobacter spp. was 56%. Both of these pathogens were isolated from the outside of the packaging in 6% of the chickens. Salmonella was more frequently isolated from samples containing chicken skin in comparison with those containing carcass-rinse fluid only. Two chickens (0.8%) were positive for Salmonella by direct enumeration methods with contamination levels of log10 3.8 and 4.5 colony forming units (cfu) per carcass, respectively. The most prevalent serotypes were S. Hadar, S. Enteritidis and S. Indiana and two different serotypes were identified in 5/20 salmonella-positive chickens. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was found in 70% of the strains, 46% were multiresistant (resistant to > or = four drugs) and 52% showed a lowered susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. The likelihood of isolating Campylobacter spp. from neck-skin, carcass-rinse or carcass-rinse plus whole skin samples was similar, Campylobacter spp. were found in higher levels in carcass-rinse or carcass-rinse plus whole skin samples than in neck-skin. The log10 cfu of Campylobacter spp. were 2.70-4.99 in 18% of the chickens and 5.00-6.99 in 20%. Campylobacter isolates (425) comprised Campylobacter jejuni (98%) and C. coli (2%) and 98 different sero/phagetypes of these two species were identified. Resistance to at least one antibiotic was found in 73% of the strains and 13% were multiresistant. Thirteen percent of the strains showed lowered susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, while 4.9% were resistant to erythromycin. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), able to grow on agar containing 15 mg l(-1) vancomycin (VRE15), were present in 19 chickens. The log10 cfu of VRE15 was 2.90-3.99 in 10 chickens and between 4.00 and 4.99 in two chickens. The data presented here contribute to risk assessment and highlight the need to continue to emphasise the safe handling of raw retail poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jørgensen
- Food Microbiology Rsearch Unit, Public Health Laboratory, Heavitree, Exeter, UK.
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20
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Quan L, Bennett E, Cummings P, Henderson P, Del Beccaro MA. Do parents value drowning prevention information at discharge from the emergency department? Ann Emerg Med 2001; 37:382-5. [PMID: 11275828 DOI: 10.1067/mem.2001.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE We determined parent recall and perceived usefulness of drowning prevention messages included in routine computer-generated discharge instructions. METHODS All pediatric emergency department patients' computerized discharge instructions included 3 prevention messages: wear a life vest, swim in safe areas, and do not drink alcohol while swimming or boating. Parents were telephoned 1 to 2 weeks after the visit and asked to recall the prevention messages and rate the usefulness of the instructions. Responses were linked with patient characteristics and ED visit variables (day and time of visit, duration of ED visit, severity of condition, diagnostic category, number of tests, and treatments). RESULTS Of 914 parents who were contacted, 795 were eligible. Of those, 619 (78%) completed the interview. Fifty percent of parents recalled receiving drowning prevention information; of these, 41% recalled unaided the life vest messages and 35% of 155 parents who did not own a life vest stated they would subsequently consider buying their child a life vest. Most (88%) rated the prevention information useful or very useful. No patient or visit variables were associated with usefulness ratings. CONCLUSION Written injury prevention messages with discharge instructions were well received by parents of children in a pediatric ED. The ED may be a setting where families could receive injury prevention education.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Quan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Ward A, Hoyle C, Palmer S, O'Reilly J, Griffith J, Pos M, Morrison S, Poolman B, Gwynne M, Henderson P. Prokaryote multidrug efflux proteins of the major facilitator superfamily: amplified expression, purification and characterisation. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 3:193-200. [PMID: 11321573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In bacterial genomes 3-12% of open reading frames are predicted to encode membrane transport proteins. These proteins can be vital for antibiotic efflux, protein/ toxin secretion, cell nutrition, environmental sensing, ATP synthesis, and other functions. Some, such as the multidrug efflux proteins, are potential targets for the development of new antibacterials and also for applications in biotechnology. In general membrane transport proteins are poorly understood, because of the technical difficulties involved in isolating sufficient protein for elucidation of their structure-activity relationships. We describe a general strategy for the amplified expression, purification and characterisation of prokaryotic multidrug efflux proteins of the 'Major facilitator superfamily' of transport proteins, using the Bacillus subtilis multidrug resistance protein, 'Bmr', as example.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ward
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK
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Variend D, MacKinnon E, Armstrong MJ, Gallagher B, Henderson P, Penn CRH, Davies P, Hunt W, Doshi R, Richman S, White MI, Walford S. John Lewis Emery John Killen Armstrong Francis Austin Brear Bronislaw Chudecki Gwilym Kenneth Davies Aldwyn Morgan George Prem Sarin Rahum Shoulman Leslie Stankler Patrick Arthur Thorn. West J Med 2000. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.321.7260.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Being knowledgeable about national health expenditures and sources of financing is essential for decision-making. This awareness also makes it possible to evaluate the equity of allocation and the efficiency of utilization of these resources. Changes in financing have been a substantial component of health sector reform in the Americas. The goal has shifted from merely one of financial sustainability to simultaneously seeking equitable access to quality services. In this article the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) presents a proposal for analyzing and designing a policy on health financing. The aim of the policy is to identify the mix of financing mechanisms most likely to simultaneously produce financial sustainability, equity, access, and efficiency. The PAHO proposal combines traditional mechanisms for generating resources (public funds from taxes, as well as private health insurance, national health insurance, and user fees) with complementary subsidy mechanisms for vulnerable groups. Health financing strategies ought to explicitly consider the financing both of care for individuals and of health interventions for the general public good, for which public financing is the most equitable and efficient approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Molina
- Programa de Políticas Públicas y Salud, Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS), Washington, D.C. 20037, USA.
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Yang X, Zhang P, Tao K, Yang X, Chen S, Zou M, Le Bas MJ, Wilson RN, Ranson R, Campbell LS, Williams TC, Henderson P. Epitaxy of rare earth element fluorcarbonate minerals from carbonatite dyke at Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. Chin Sci Bull 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02883082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Donlon J, Fallon B, Barrett P, Carroll O, Henderson P, Fairley JS. Hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase of Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber as a bioindicator of pollution. Biochem Soc Trans 1998; 26:S64. [PMID: 10909822 DOI: 10.1042/bst026s064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Donlon
- Department of Biochemistry, University College, Galway, Ireland
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26
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Chandler WL, Alessi MC, Aillaud MF, Henderson P, Vague P, Juhan-Vague I. Clearance of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and TPA/plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) complex: relationship to elevated TPA antigen in patients with high PAI-1 activity levels. Circulation 1997; 96:761-8. [PMID: 9264480 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.96.3.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels on the clearance of total tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) antigen, we studied the clearance of active TPA and TPA/PAI-1 complex in subjects with low (181+/-109 pmol/L; n=7) and high (1166+/-322 pmol/L; n=4) baseline active PAI-1. METHODS AND RESULTS A 5-microg/kg bolus of TPA was infused over a 15-second period followed by measurement of TPA activity, TPA antigen, TPA/PAI-1, TPA/C1 inhibitor, PAI-1 activity, and PAI-1 antigen over a 4-hour period. alpha-Phase clearance of total TPA antigen was faster in subjects with low PAI-1 (t(1/2) of 3.5+/-0.7 minutes) versus high PAI-1 (t(1/2) of 5.3+/-0.9 minutes) (P=.006). Clearance of all factors was best fit by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model based on a computer-simulated human circulatory system. The average hepatic clearance fraction in the two-compartment model was greater for active TPA (89+/-10%, t(1/2) of 2.4+/-0.3 minutes) than for TPA/PAI-1 complex (48+/-17%, t(1/2) of 5.0+/-1.8 minutes) (P=.0006). CONCLUSIONS Plasma clearance of active TPA was faster than clearance of TPA/PAI-1 complex. High levels of active PAI-1 converted more TPA into TPA/PAI-1 complex, effectively slowing the clearance of total TPA antigen and explaining in part why high levels of PAI-1 activity are associated with increases in total TPA antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Chandler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7110, USA.
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27
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Padfield PJ, Panesar N, Henderson P, Baldassare JJ. Differential effects of G-protein activators on 5-hydroxytryptamine and platelet-derived growth factor release from streptolysin-O-permeabilized human platelets. Biochem J 1996; 314 ( Pt 1):123-8. [PMID: 8660272 PMCID: PMC1217014 DOI: 10.1042/bj3140123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we have used streptolysin O (SLO)-permeabilized human platelets to examine the G-protein(s) that control Ca2+-independent secretion from alpha and dense-core granules. As shown for electropermeabilized platelets, Ca2+ alone stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (dense-core-granule marker) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (alpha-granule marker) release from the SLO-permeabilized cells. The EC50 values of Ca2+-dependent 5-HT and PDGF release were 5 microM and 10 microM respectively. Guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) (100 microM) stimulated Ca2+-independent release from both alpha and dense-core granules. In contrast, AlF4- had no effect on Ca2+-independent release from either alpha or dense-core granules. Neither GTP[S] nor AlF4- appeared to have a significant effect on Ca2+-dependent release from alpha and dense-core granules. GTP[S] can activate both heterotrimeric and low-molecular-mass G-proteins, whereas AlF4- activates only heterotrimeric G-proteins. Our results, therefore suggest that secretion in the human platelet is regulated by a small G-protein. Both GTP[S]- and Ca2+-dependent secretion were effected by extending the time between permeabilization with SLO and stimulation of secretion. GTP[S]-stimulated secretion from alpha and dense-core granules decreased rapidly after permeabilization. In contrast, Ca2+-dependent 5-HT and PDGF release ran down at a much lower rate. These observations indicate that GTP[S] and Ca2+ act through parallel pathways to stimulate secretion from SLO-permeabilized platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Padfield
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, MO 63104, USA
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28
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Eckford S, Henderson P. Burch colposuspension facilitated by means of the Ferguson speculum. Br J Urol 1996; 77:172. [PMID: 8653309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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29
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Henderson P, Lim BH. Management of cornual pregnancy with oral methotrexate. N Z Med J 1994; 107:227-8. [PMID: 8208486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Henderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland
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Henderson P, Lake Y. An unusual cause of polyhydramnios: congenital gastric teratoma. N Z Med J 1994; 107:133-4. [PMID: 8145962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Henderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland
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31
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Wells PS, Blajchman MA, Henderson P, Wells MJ, Demers C, Bourque R, McAvoy A. Prevalence of antithrombin deficiency in healthy blood donors: a cross-sectional study. Am J Hematol 1994; 45:321-4. [PMID: 8178802 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830450409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of antithrombin (AT) deficiency in the general population has been variously estimated to be between 0.05 and 5 per 1,000 in the population; 2,491 blood donors were screened in an attempt to clarify this issue using plasma samples taken from the blood donor units. From this initial population, 122 individuals were identified as having plasma AT levels lower than 2 standard deviations below the normal mean. Twenty-two samples had evidence that thrombin had been generated during blood collection and the remaining cohort of 100 blood donors were asked to return but only 59 complied. The data obtained from these 59 were compared with that from 51 age- and sex-matched control blood donors. Both groups of subjects were assessed for previous evidence, or family history, of thrombotic events, as well as exposure to risk factors associated with the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). All had venous blood samples taken from which the supernatant plasma was immediately removed and quick frozen for later assaying. Only 6 of the 59 subjects with initial low AT levels had repeat AT-Xa levels below 0.80 units/ml (normal range 0.94 +/- 0.14). Upon repeating the AT-Xa determinations on new samples from these six individuals, only three were found again to be low. One was found to have a type 3 AT deficiency (an Arg47Cys substitution). The other two with a low AT level had mean functional AT-Xa levels of 0.61 and 0.71 units/ml, respectively, with correspondingly low AT:Ag levels consistent with a type 1 AT deficiency. Two of these three subjects has been in high risk situations without evidence of having developed DVT and none had evidence of venous reflux on Doppler venography. In addition, none had personal or family histories of previous thrombotic events. These present data indicate that the prevalence of AT deficiency in our blood donor population is 2 per 1,000 (95% confidence intervals: 0.7-6/1,000).
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Wells
- Canadian Red Cross Society, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Demers C, Ginsberg J, Hirsh J, Henderson P, Blajchman M. Thrombosis in antithrombin-III-deficient persons. Report of a large kindred and literature review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(93)90238-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mahaffey JA, Parkhurst MA, James AC, Cross FT, Alavanja MC, Boice JD, Ezrine S, Henderson P, Brownson RC. Estimating past exposure to indoor radon from household glass. Health Phys 1993; 64:381-391. [PMID: 8449720 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-199304000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CR-39 plastic was attached to household glass objects to learn whether residual radioactivity from radon decay products could be measured and correlated with cumulative radon exposures over defined time periods. Such an approach could be used to increase the completeness of exposure data collected in epidemiologic studies of residential radon. Inability to estimate radon concentrations for all residences adversely effects statistical power and thus the ability to detect an effect of radon exposure on lung cancer risk. A feasibility study was performed to determine if affixing CR-39 surface monitors to selected glass, ceramic, or enameled objects provided comparable estimates of past residential radon exposure to those obtained from year-long ambient alpha track-etch measurements. The CR-39 measurements of alpha activity in the surface of selected objects correlated with ambient radon measurements (R2 = 0.48) provided that reliable information was obtained on the history and age of the objects. This technique has now been incorporated into an epidemiologic study of radon and lung cancer to more fully estimate past exposure to indoor radon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mahaffey
- Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA 99352
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34
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Demers C, Henderson P, Blajchman MA, Wells MJ, Mitchell L, Johnston M, Ofosu FA, Fernandez-Rachubinski F, Andrew M, Hirsh J. An antithrombin III assay based on factor Xa inhibition provides a more reliable test to identify congenital antithrombin III deficiency than an assay based on thrombin inhibition. Thromb Haemost 1993; 69:231-5. [PMID: 8470046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether functional antithrombin III (AT-III) levels measured by a factor Xa inhibition (AT-III-Xa) assay identifies AT-III deficient individuals more reliably than functional AT-III levels measured by a thrombin inhibition (AT-III-IIa) assay. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PATIENT POPULATION Sixty-seven members of a large family with type 2 AT-III deficiency. INTERVENTION DNA analysis was used as the reference diagnostic standard for AT-III status and subjects were classified as AT-III deficient or non deficient according to these results. Functional AT-III levels were measured in all subjects using: 1) a chromogenic substrate for thrombin and added human thrombin (AT-III-IIa), and 2) a chromogenic substrate for factor Xa and added bovine factor Xa (AT-III-Xa). Functional heparin cofactor II (HC-II) levels were measured using a commercially available kit. The proportions of 125I-alpha-thrombin complexed to AT-III and HC-II were measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. RESULTS Thirty-one (46%) individuals were classified as AT-III deficient and 36 (54%) as AT-III non deficient. AT-III-Xa assay measured a significantly lower mean AT-III value and a narrower range for individuals classified as AT-III deficient than the AT-III-IIa assay. Using the AT-III-IIa assay, six subjects had borderline AT-III levels compared to none with the AT-III-Xa assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Demers
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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35
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Abstract
Adolescence is generally regarded as a time of transition demanding considerable adaptation. Failing to successfully negotiate the developmental hurdles associated with this period can have serious physical and psychosocial consequences (e.g., teenage pregnancy, suicide, disruption of social relationships, poor school performance). Efforts to identify problems that adolescents typically experience have been useful in facilitating a better understanding of this developmental phase. However, the perceived concerns or worries of adolescents themselves have been neglected as an additional source of useful information. This study assessed the worries of 622 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 20 years on an 80-item self-report measure, the "Things That Worry Me" scale. Findings indicated consistent concerns related to terrorism, adolescents' self-esteem, parents' physical and mental health, and adolescents' dating and sexual relationships. Gender- and race-specific differences are discussed and implications for future research and clinical applications are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Kaufman
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
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36
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Michael S, Barker I, Henderson P, Griffiths RW, Reilly CS. Pharmacokinetics of lignocaine in children after infiltration for cleft palate surgery. Br J Anaesth 1992; 69:577-9. [PMID: 1467100 DOI: 10.1093/bja/69.6.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the pharmacokinetics of lignocaine in children after local infiltration for cleft palate surgery. After induction of anaesthesia, lignocaine 2.5 mg kg-1 with adrenaline 1:200,000 was injected into the palate. Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min after infiltration. Plasma concentrations of lignocaine were measured by a gas-liquid chromatographic technique. There were no signs of systemic toxicity on routine monitoring of the patients and the peak plasma concentrations were less than the accepted toxic values. Mean half-life was 72.9 (SEM 9.9) min, similar to that found previously in adults and children. However differences in mean clearance (24.6 (2.04) ml kg-1 min-1) and volume of distribution (0.80 (0.07) litre kg-1) were found between this and previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michael
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Sheffield, Medical School
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37
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Demers C, Ginsberg JS, Henderson P, Ofosu FA, Weitz JI, Blajchman MA. Measurement of markers of activated coagulation in antithrombin III deficient subjects. Thromb Haemost 1992; 67:542-4. [PMID: 1519214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Functional antithrombin III levels were measured by factor Xa inhibition in 63 members of a large family with type 2 antithrombin III deficiency and individuals were classified as antithrombin III deficient or non-deficient according to the results. F1 + 2 and TAT complexes were measured using an ELISA and FPA levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Thirty subjects (48%) were classified as antithrombin III deficient and 33 (52%) as antithrombin III non-deficient. The mean level of F1 + 2 was significantly higher in the deficient adults (0.87 +/- 0.26) compared to both the non-deficient adults (0.70 +/- 0.21) (p = 0.03) and the deficient adults receiving warfarin (0.16 +/- 0.01) (p less than 0.001). The differences in the mean values of TAT complexes and FPA between deficient and non-deficient individuals were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that untreated antithrombin III deficient subjects generate more thrombin than their non-deficient family members and that warfarin inhibits this thrombin formation. In this cross-sectional study, it is not possible to correlate the levels of the surrogate makers with future clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Demers
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of objectively proven thrombotic complications in antithrombin-III-deficient persons. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study and a critical review of the literature. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION The prevalence of thrombosis in antithrombin III-deficient and -nondeficient family members of a large kindred was estimated by history, review of diagnostic tests, and examination for venous reflux by Doppler ultrasonography, as an indicator of previous venous thrombosis. A MEDLINE search and literature review of the published English- and French-language literature from 1966 to 1990 that described antithrombin-III-deficient families was done, and the following information was obtained: the prevalence of thrombosis in deficient and nondeficient family members, the presence or absence of risk factors for thrombosis (surgery, pregnancy, the postpartum state, use of oral contraceptives, immobilization, metastatic cancer, major trauma) at the time of the thrombotic event, and age of onset of the first episode of thrombosis. The validity of the studies was assessed according to predetermined criteria. RESULTS Sixty-seven research subjects were evaluated. Six of 31 (19.4%) antithrombin-III-deficient subjects compared with none of 36 (0%) nondeficient subjects had had one or more thrombotic events. The initial episode in five of six subjects had occurred in association with risk factors for thrombosis. The literature search indicated that the pooled prevalence of symptomatic venous thrombosis among the deficient subjects was 51%, but objective testing was done in only 17% of these subjects at the time of presentation. CONCLUSION Based on the data from this antithrombin-III-deficient kindred, lifelong anticoagulant prophylaxis does not appear to be warranted in asymptomatic carriers, and prophylaxis could be limited to periods of high risk for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Demers
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Tinant B, Declercq JP, Henderson P. N-{2-[(1-Cyanocyclohexyl)(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)amino]propionyl}-2,5-bis(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine and N-(2-anilinopropionyl)-2,5-bis(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine. Acta Crystallogr C 1992. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270191009460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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40
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Southern D, Henderson P. Setting standards. Tackling incontinence. Nurs Times 1990; 86:36-8. [PMID: 2315081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Henderson P, Crowe HM. Antibiotic streamlining--scope, format, and benefits. Conn Med 1989; 53:423-4. [PMID: 2758832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ford DB, Bergerson SL, Henderson P, Murphy J, Peter J. Establishing an enteral product formulary. J Am Diet Assoc 1989; 89:681-3. [PMID: 2498416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of enteral nutrition products is being marketed to hospitals for use with nutritionally compromised patients. At the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, the nutrition department created a formulary management committee, which developed a system that aligned formulary product selection with the enteral needs of the patients, provided an ongoing system of formulary management, and provided extensive education to dietitians on product formulation. The formulary system involved a stepwise process: determination of categories of products to be considered and criteria for product selection, identification of enteral needs of patients at nutritional risk within the institution, review of current literature on formulation of all major enteral products, and taste evaluation of products to be used orally. Composition of the formulary was then determined, and interdepartmental efforts for implementation were coordinated. The overall department impact included a 37% reduction in variety of products stocked, the creation of an annual update system, and extensive dietitian education on product formulation and usage. The direct impact on patient care was the provision of a formulary specifically targeted to meet the enteral needs of those patients at nutritional risk within the institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Ford
- Nutrition Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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43
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Dickey JP, Henderson P. What young children say about stress and coping in school. Health Educ 1989; 20:14-7. [PMID: 2516016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Granger NA, Homberg U, Henderson P, Towle A, Lauder JM. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of Manduca sexta during larval development and larval-pupal metamorphosis. Int J Dev Neurosci 1989; 7:55-72. [PMID: 2711869 DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(89)90044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing serotonergic system of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, has been studied immunocytochemically in whole mount preparations of brain-retrocerebral complexes. The distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies, fibers and terminal fields has been analysed during larval and larval-pupal development using a specific rabbit antiserum against serotonin-hemocyanin conjugates. The serotonergic system was conserved from the fourth to the fifth larval stadium, with minimal changes occurring until the onset of pupal development. At this time, alterations in the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive cells and processes were observed, including the apparent disappearance of some cell bodies and terminals. Nevertheless, the overall appearance of this system in the pupal brain was not significantly different from that in the larva. The larval pattern was characterized by eight bilateral groups of cell bodies which sent thick bridges of fibers across the midline, a feature strikingly similar to the serotonergic system in vertebrate embryos. In addition, three bilateral immunoreactive fields of arborization were observed around and ventral to these cell groups, together with regions of serotonin immunoreactivity in the medial and lateral protocerebral lobes. The central body, larval antennal centers, larval accessory lobes, and the tritocerebrum were also immunoreactive. Fibrous networks of serotonergic processes were usually observed around nerves emanating from the brain, including the connectives from the brain to the corpus cardiacum and corpus allatum. Smaller varicosities were observed in the interior of these neurohemal and glandular organs, and a network of 5-HT fibers was occasionally found around the corpus cardiacum and corpus allatum. The possible relationship of serotonin to cerebral neuroendocrine functions during the postembryonic development of M. sexta is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Granger
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27514
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Henderson P, Pickford M, Williams C. A geochemical study of rocks and spring waters at Kanam and Kanjera, Kenya, and the implications concerning element mobility and uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0899-5362(87)90063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lauder JM, Han VK, Henderson P, Verdoorn T, Towle AC. Prenatal ontogeny of the GABAergic system in the rat brain: an immunocytochemical study. Neuroscience 1986; 19:465-93. [PMID: 3022187 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal development of the GABAergic system in the rat brain has been studied using an antiserum to GABA-glutaraldehyde-hemocyanin conjugates, specific for GABAergic neurons. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system has been found to differentiate very early relative to other transmitter-identified neurons, such that by embryonic day 13 a well developed fiber network exists in the brainstem, mesencephalon and diencephalon, including a large projection in the posterior commissure and adjacent areas on the surface of the mesencephalon and tectum. Although no cell bodies are visible at this time, it appears that these fibers originate from the caudal brainstem and spinal cord. GABAergic cell bodies begin to appear on embryonic day 14 in the lateral cortical anlage. By embryonic day 16, they are also visible in the basal forebrain and in all regions of cortex where they are located in three zones: in layer I, below the cortical plate, and in the intermediate zone. Also contained in the outer part of layer I is a dense fiber plexus which stains intensely for GABA. These fibers may be part of the first contingent of cortical afferents to invade the telencephalic vesicle, an event which is thought to be a stimulus for the beginning of neuronal differentiation in this region. By E18, two bands of immunoreactivity are visible in layer I, which probably contain both cell bodies and fibers. The trajectories taken by growing GABAergic fibers in the brainstem, mesencephalon and diencephalon at embryonic day 13 and at subsequent stages of development are coincident with regions of both monoaminergic and peptidergic differentiation and appear to correspond to recently reported patterns of benzodiazepine receptors which appear slightly later. The early differentiation of the GABAergic system could indicate a trophic role for GABA in early brain development, possibly involving receptors for this neurotransmitter or related substances.
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Doern GV, Herrmann JE, Henderson P, Stobbs-Walro D, Perron DM, Blacklow NR. Detection of rotavirus with a new polyclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay (Rotazyme II) and a commercial latex agglutination test (Rotalex): comparison with a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 23:226-9. [PMID: 3009531 PMCID: PMC268617 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.23.2.226-229.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 176 human fecal specimens were examined for the presence of rotavirus by four different assays: a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay; the original polyclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay marketed by Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill. (Rotazyme I); a modification of this assay which is now commercially available (Rotazyme II); and a latex agglutination test (Rotalex) recently introduced by Medical Technology Corp., Somerset, N.J. In addition, selected specimens were examined for the presence of rotavirus by electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, and RNA gel electrophoresis. A total of 40 specimens were positive in the monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay, and 136 were negative. Using the results obtained with this procedure as the reference standard, we found the sensitivities of the Rotazyme I, Rotazyme II, and Rotalex tests to be 97.4, 100, and 81.6%, respectively. The specificities of these three procedures were 88.8, 83.9, and 100%, respectively.
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McCalley MG, Braunstein P, Stone S, Henderson P, Egbert R. Radionuclide hysterosalpingography for evaluation of fallopian tube patency. J Nucl Med 1985; 26:868-74. [PMID: 4032035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of radionuclide hysterosalpingography (RNHSG) using a technique with some modifications, that was described by Iturralde and Ventner (1). As these investigators demonstrated, technetium-labeled human albumin microspheres (HAM) will normally migrate spontaneously from the vagina to the ovaries. This study confirms that in the presence of fallopian tube obstruction, fibrosis and/or lack of motility, this migration does not take place, and that the presence or absence of migration of HAM can be imaged with a gamma camera. In the evaluation of 52 tubes we found that the efficiency of RNHSG for evaluation of fallopian tube patency when compared with contrast hysterosalpingography and/or direct observation of surgical pathology was over 94%. RNHSG is an essentially innocuous technique for assessing functional and mechanical fallopian tube obstruction that can be performed with conventional nuclear imaging equipment.
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Lauder JM, Towle AC, Patrick K, Henderson P, Krebs H. Decreased serotonin content of embryonic raphe neurons following maternal administration of p-chlorophenylalanine: a quantitative immunocytochemical study. Brain Res 1985; 352:107-14. [PMID: 3159463 DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(85)90092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from this laboratory have suggested that serotonergic (5-HT) neurons may influence the differentiation of their embryonic target cells in the developing rat brain. The present study was designed to determine whether or not maternal p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) administration could deplete serotonin (5-HT) in developing 5-HT neurons during embryonic days 13-15, when the effects of pCPA on neuronal genesis have been observed previously. For this study, pCPA was administered to timed-pregnant rats and embryos were sacrificed at two different gestational ages, embryonic days 13-14 (E13-14) and 14-15 (E14-15). Immunotitration experiments were carried out on tissue sections, using an antiserum to 5-HT-hemocyanin conjugates to obtain a relative estimate of the amount of 5-HT contained within individual 5-HT neurons of embryos from pCPA-treated and control mothers. Diminished immunoreactivity as a consequence of addition of increasing amounts of antigen was then quantitated on a relative scale by comparison with the amount of immunoreactivity present when no antigen was added to the primary antiserum. Two major findings resulted from this study: maternal pCPA treatment depleted 5-HT by approximately 50% in developing 5-HT neurons at embryonic ages E13-14 and E14-15, but depletion appeared to be greatest in the youngest embryos; developing 5-HT neurons increased their content of neurotransmitter by approximately 10-fold during this one day of embryonic development, an effect which could be observed in both pCPA-treated and control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
Changes in funding, clientele, and services from 1971 to 1980 were examined cross sectionally and with cohorts for two types of CMHCs that differ in their structure for providing inpatient service. Inpatient provider CMHCs grew in revenues and shifted from reliance on federal funds to revenues from services and states. Inpatient-affiliated CMHCs fell in revenues (in constant dollars) and changed little in their proportional reliance on federal dollars. Inpatient provider CMHCs averaged more additions and episodes of care than inpatient-affiliated CMHCs. Inpatient-affiliated CMHCs grew more from 1971 to 1976, but from 1976 to 1980 inpatient provider CMHCs grew, while inpatient-affiliated CMHCs dropped or grew less. The relatively poor final showing of inpatient-affiliated CMHCs parallels findings with total revenues.
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