1
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Weisse N, Esslinger J, Howard S, Foerster FM, Haberstroh F, Doyle L, Norreys P, Schreiber J, Karsch S, Döpp A. Measuring spatio-temporal couplings using modal spatio-spectral wavefront retrieval. Opt Express 2023; 31:19733-19745. [PMID: 37381382 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of spatio-temporal couplings such as pulse-front tilt or curvature is important to determine the focused intensity of high-power lasers. Common techniques to diagnose these couplings are either qualitative or require hundreds of measurements. Here we present both a new algorithm for retrieving spatio-temporal couplings, as well as novel experimental implementations. Our method is based on the expression of the spatio-spectral phase in terms of a Zernike-Taylor basis, allowing us to directly quantify the coefficients for common spatio-temporal couplings. We take advantage of this method to perform quantitative measurements using a simple experimental setup, consisting of different bandpass filters in front of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. This fast acquisition of laser couplings using narrowband filters, abbreviated FALCON, is easy and cheap to implement in existing facilities. To this end, we present a measurement of spatio-temporal couplings at the ATLAS-3000 petawatt laser using our technique.
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2
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Alejo A, Ahmed H, Krygier AG, Clarke R, Freeman RR, Fuchs J, Green A, Green JS, Jung D, Kleinschmidt A, Morrison JT, Najmudin Z, Nakamura H, Norreys P, Notley M, Oliver M, Roth M, Vassura L, Zepf M, Borghesi M, Kar S. Stabilized Radiation Pressure Acceleration and Neutron Generation in Ultrathin Deuterated Foils. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:114801. [PMID: 36154426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Premature relativistic transparency of ultrathin, laser-irradiated targets is recognized as an obstacle to achieving a stable radiation pressure acceleration in the "light sail" (LS) mode. Experimental data, corroborated by 2D PIC simulations, show that a few-nm thick overcoat surface layer of high Z material significantly improves ion bunching at high energies during the acceleration. This is diagnosed by simultaneous ion and neutron spectroscopy following irradiation of deuterated plastic targets. In particular, copious and directional neutron production (significantly larger than for other in-target schemes) arises, under optimal parameters, as a signature of plasma layer integrity during the acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alejo
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - H Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A G Krygier
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R R Freeman
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Green
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Jung
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Kleinschmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J T Morrison
- Propulsion Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H Nakamura
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Norreys
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Notley
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Oliver
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Vassura
- LULI-CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - M Zepf
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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3
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Martin P, Ahmed H, Doria D, Alejo A, Clarke R, Ferguson S, Fernández-Tobias J, Freeman RR, Fuchs J, Green A, Green JS, Gwynne D, Hanton F, Jarrett J, Jung D, Kakolee KF, Krygier AG, Lewis CLS, McIlvenny A, McKenna P, Morrison JT, Najmudin Z, Naughton K, Nersisyan G, Norreys P, Notley M, Roth M, Ruiz JA, Scullion C, Zepf M, Zhai S, Borghesi M, Kar S. Absolute calibration of Fujifilm BAS-TR image plate response to laser driven protons up to 40 MeV. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:053303. [PMID: 35649771 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Image plates (IPs) are a popular detector in the field of laser driven ion acceleration, owing to their high dynamic range and reusability. An absolute calibration of these detectors to laser-driven protons in the routinely produced tens of MeV energy range is, therefore, essential. In this paper, the response of Fujifilm BAS-TR IPs to 1-40 MeV protons is calibrated by employing the detectors in high resolution Thomson parabola spectrometers in conjunction with a CR-39 nuclear track detector to determine absolute proton numbers. While CR-39 was placed in front of the image plate for lower energy protons, it was placed behind the image plate for energies above 10 MeV using suitable metal filters sandwiched between the image plate and CR-39 to select specific energies. The measured response agrees well with previously reported calibrations as well as standard models of IP response, providing, for the first time, an absolute calibration over a large range of proton energies of relevance to current experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martin
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Ferguson
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Fernández-Tobias
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R R Freeman
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI - CNRS, CEA, UPMC Univ Paris 06 : Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris - F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Green
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Gwynne
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - F Hanton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Jarrett
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - D Jung
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - K F Kakolee
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A G Krygier
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - C L S Lewis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A McIlvenny
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J T Morrison
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Z Najmudin
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Naughton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - G Nersisyan
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P Norreys
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Notley
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fusion Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Scullion
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Zepf
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Zhai
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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4
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Boella E, Bingham R, Cairns RA, Norreys P, Trines R, Scott R, Vranic M, Shukla N, Silva LO. Collisionless shock acceleration in the corona of an inertial confinement fusion pellet with possible application to ion fast ignition. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200039. [PMID: 33280562 PMCID: PMC7741008 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to explore collisionless shock acceleration in the corona plasma surrounding the compressed core of an inertial confinement fusion pellet. We show that an intense laser pulse interacting with the long scale-length plasma corona is able to launch a collisionless shock around the critical density. The nonlinear wave travels up-ramp through the plasma reflecting and accelerating the background ions. Our results suggest that protons with characteristics suitable for ion fast ignition may be achieved in this way. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Boella
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
- The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, UK
| | - R. Bingham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - R. A. Cairns
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - P. Norreys
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R. Trines
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - R. Scott
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - M. Vranic
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N. Shukla
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L. O. Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Vieira J, Trines RMGM, Alves EP, Fonseca RA, Mendonça JT, Bingham R, Norreys P, Silva LO. High Orbital Angular Momentum Harmonic Generation. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:265001. [PMID: 28059529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.265001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We identify and explore a high orbital angular momentum (OAM) harmonics generation and amplification mechanism that manipulates the OAM independently of any other laser property, by preserving the initial laser wavelength, through stimulated Raman backscattering in a plasma. The high OAM harmonics spectra can extend at least up to the limiting value imposed by the paraxial approximation. We show with theory and particle-in-cell simulations that the orders of the OAM harmonics can be tuned according to a selection rule that depends on the initial OAM of the interacting waves. We illustrate the high OAM harmonics generation in a plasma using several examples including the generation of prime OAM harmonics. The process can also be realized in any nonlinear optical Kerr media supporting three-wave interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R M G M Trines
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E P Alves
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R A Fonseca
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- DCTI/ISCTE Lisbon University Institute, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J T Mendonça
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Bingham
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - P Norreys
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Mirfayzi SR, Kar S, Ahmed H, Krygier AG, Green A, Alejo A, Clarke R, Freeman RR, Fuchs J, Jung D, Kleinschmidt A, Morrison JT, Najmudin Z, Nakamura H, Norreys P, Oliver M, Roth M, Vassura L, Zepf M, Borghesi M. Calibration of time of flight detectors using laser-driven neutron source. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:073308. [PMID: 26233373 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Calibration of three scintillators (EJ232Q, BC422Q, and EJ410) in a time-of-flight arrangement using a laser drive-neutron source is presented. The three plastic scintillator detectors were calibrated with gamma insensitive bubble detector spectrometers, which were absolutely calibrated over a wide range of neutron energies ranging from sub-MeV to 20 MeV. A typical set of data obtained simultaneously by the detectors is shown, measuring the neutron spectrum emitted from a petawatt laser irradiated thin foil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Mirfayzi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A G Krygier
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Green
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R R Freeman
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - D Jung
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Kleinschmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt,Germany
| | - J T Morrison
- Propulsion Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Z Najmudin
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H Nakamura
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Norreys
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Oliver
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt,Germany
| | - L Vassura
- LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - M Zepf
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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7
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Alejo A, Kar S, Ahmed H, Krygier AG, Doria D, Clarke R, Fernandez J, Freeman RR, Fuchs J, Green A, Green JS, Jung D, Kleinschmidt A, Lewis CLS, Morrison JT, Najmudin Z, Nakamura H, Nersisyan G, Norreys P, Notley M, Oliver M, Roth M, Ruiz JA, Vassura L, Zepf M, Borghesi M. Characterisation of deuterium spectra from laser driven multi-species sources by employing differentially filtered image plate detectors in Thomson spectrometers. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:093303. [PMID: 25273715 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for characterising the full spectrum of deuteron ions emitted by laser driven multi-species ion sources is discussed. The procedure is based on using differential filtering over the detector of a Thompson parabola ion spectrometer, which enables discrimination of deuterium ions from heavier ion species with the same charge-to-mass ratio (such as C(6+), O(8+), etc.). Commonly used Fuji Image plates were used as detectors in the spectrometer, whose absolute response to deuterium ions over a wide range of energies was calibrated by using slotted CR-39 nuclear track detectors. A typical deuterium ion spectrum diagnosed in a recent experimental campaign is presented, which was produced from a thin deuterated plastic foil target irradiated by a high power laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A G Krygier
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R R Freeman
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Green
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D Jung
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Kleinschmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C L S Lewis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J T Morrison
- Propulsion Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Z Najmudin
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - H Nakamura
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Nersisyan
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - P Norreys
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Notley
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Oliver
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Vassura
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Zepf
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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8
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Shiraga H, Fujioka S, Nakai M, Watari T, Nakamura H, Arikawa Y, Hosoda H, Nagai T, Koga M, Kikuchi H, Ishii Y, Sogo T, Shigemori K, Nishimura H, Zhang Z, Tanabe M, Ohira S, Fujii Y, Namimoto T, Sakawa Y, Maegawa O, Ozaki T, Tanaka K, Habara H, Iwawaki T, Shimada K, Key M, Norreys P, Pasley J, Nagatomo H, Johzaki T, Sunahara A, Murakami M, Sakagami H, Taguchi T, Norimatsu T, Homma H, Fujimoto Y, Iwamoto A, Miyanaga N, Kawanaka J, Kanabe T, Jitsuno T, Nakata Y, Tsubakimoto K, Sueda K, Kodama R, Kondo K, Morio N, Matsuo S, Kawasaki T, Sawai K, Tsuji K, Murakami H, Sarukura N, Shimizu T, Mima K, Azechi H. Implosion and heating experiments of fast ignition targets by Gekko-XII and LFEX lasers. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135901008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Debus AD, Bussmann M, Schramm U, Sauerbrey R, Murphy CD, Major Z, Hörlein R, Veisz L, Schmid K, Schreiber J, Witte K, Jamison SP, Gallacher JG, Jaroszynski DA, Kaluza MC, Hidding B, Kiselev S, Heathcote R, Foster PS, Neely D, Divall EJ, Hooker CJ, Smith JM, Ertel K, Langley AJ, Norreys P, Collier JL, Karsch S. Electron bunch length measurements from laser-accelerated electrons using single-shot THz time-domain interferometry. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:084802. [PMID: 20366938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.084802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Laser-plasma wakefield-based electron accelerators are expected to deliver ultrashort electron bunches with unprecedented peak currents. However, their actual pulse duration has never been directly measured in a single-shot experiment. We present measurements of the ultrashort duration of such electron bunches by means of THz time-domain interferometry. With data obtained using a 0.5 J, 45 fs, 800 nm laser and a ZnTe-based electro-optical setup, we demonstrate the duration of laser-accelerated, quasimonoenergetic electron bunches [best fit of 32 fs (FWHM) with a 90% upper confidence level of 38 fs] to be shorter than the drive laser pulse, but similar to the plasma period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Debus
- Forschungzentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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Kar S, Robinson APL, Carroll DC, Lundh O, Markey K, McKenna P, Norreys P, Zepf M. Guiding of relativistic electron beams in solid targets by resistively controlled magnetic fields. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:055001. [PMID: 19257515 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Guided transport of a relativistic electron beam in solid is achieved experimentally by exploiting the strong magnetic fields created at the interface of two metals of different electrical resistivities. This is of substantial relevance to the Fast Ignitor approach to fusion energy production [M. Tabak, Phys. Plasmas 12, 057305 (2005)10.1063/1.1871246], since it allows the electron deposition to be spatially tailored-thus adding substantial design flexibility and preventing inefficiencies due to electron beam spreading. In the experiment, optical transition radiation and thermal emission from the target rear surface provide a clear signature of the electron confinement within a high resistivity tin layer sandwiched transversely between two low resistivity aluminum slabs. The experimental data are found to agree well with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kar
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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11
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Akli KU, Hansen SB, Kemp AJ, Freeman RR, Beg FN, Clark DC, Chen SD, Hey D, Hatchett SP, Highbarger K, Giraldez E, Green JS, Gregori G, Lancaster KL, Ma T, MacKinnon AJ, Norreys P, Patel N, Pasley J, Shearer C, Stephens RB, Stoeckl C, Storm M, Theobald W, Van Woerkom LD, Weber R, Key MH. Laser heating of solid matter by light-pressure-driven shocks at ultrarelativistic intensities. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:165002. [PMID: 18518211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The heating of solid targets irradiated by 5 x 10(20) W cm(-2), 0.8 ps, 1.05 microm wavelength laser light is studied by x-ray spectroscopy of the K-shell emission from thin layers of Ni, Mo, and V. A surface layer is heated to approximately 5 keV with an axial temperature gradient of 0.6 microm scale length. Images of Ni Ly(alpha) show the hot region has <or=25 microm diameter. These data are consistent with collisional particle-in-cell simulations using preformed plasma density profiles from hydrodynamic modeling which show that the >100 G bar light pressure compresses the preformed plasma and drives a shock into the solid, heating a thin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U Akli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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12
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Kar S, Markey K, Simpson PT, Bellei C, Green JS, Nagel SR, Kneip S, Carroll DC, Dromey B, Willingale L, Clark EL, McKenna P, Najmudin Z, Krushelnick K, Norreys P, Clarke RJ, Neely D, Borghesi M, Zepf M. Dynamic control of laser-produced proton beams. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:105004. [PMID: 18352198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The emission characteristics of intense laser driven protons are controlled using ultrastrong (of the order of 10(9) V/m) electrostatic fields varying on a few ps time scale. The field structures are achieved by exploiting the high potential of the target (reaching multi-MV during the laser interaction). Suitably shaped targets result in a reduction in the proton beam divergence, and hence an increase in proton flux while preserving the high beam quality. The peak focusing power and its temporal variation are shown to depend on the target characteristics, allowing for the collimation of the inherently highly divergent beam and the design of achromatic electrostatic lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kar
- The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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13
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Lundström E, Brodin G, Lundin J, Marklund M, Bingham R, Collier J, Mendonça JT, Norreys P. Using high-power lasers for detection of elastic photon-photon scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:083602. [PMID: 16606179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The properties of four-wave interaction via the nonlinear quantum vacuum is investigated. The effect of the quantum vacuum is to generate photons with new frequencies and wave vectors, due to elastic photon-photon scattering. An expression for the number of generated photons is derived, and using state-of-the-art laser data it is found that the number of photons can reach detectable levels. In particular, the prospect of using the high-repetition Astra Gemini system at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is discussed. The problem of noise sources is reviewed, and it is found that the noise level can be reduced well below the signal level. Thus, detection of elastic photon-photon scattering may for the first time be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lundström
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Stephens RB, Snavely RA, Aglitskiy Y, Amiranoff F, Andersen C, Batani D, Baton SD, Cowan T, Freeman RR, Hall T, Hatchett SP, Hill JM, Key MH, King JA, Koch JA, Koenig M, MacKinnon AJ, Lancaster KL, Martinolli E, Norreys P, Perelli-Cippo E, Rabec Le Gloahec M, Rousseaux C, Santos JJ, Scianitti F. K(alpha) fluorescence measurement of relativistic electron transport in the context of fast ignition. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:066414. [PMID: 15244752 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.066414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2003] [Revised: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport within solid targets, irradiated by a high-intensity short-pulse laser, has been measured by imaging K(alpha) radiation from high- Z layers (Cu, Ti) buried in low- Z (CH, Al) foils. Although the laser spot is approximately 10 microm [full width at half maximum (FWHM)], the electron beam spreads to > or =70 microm FWHM within <20 microm of penetration into an Al target then, at depths >100 microm, diverges with a 40 degree spreading angle. Monte Carlo and analytic models are compared to our data. We find that a Monte Carlo model with a heuristic model for the electron injection gives a reasonable fit with our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Stephens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
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15
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Pisani F, Bernardinello A, Batani D, Antonicci A, Martinolli E, Koenig M, Gremillet L, Amiranoff F, Baton S, Davies J, Hall T, Scott D, Norreys P, Djaoui A, Rousseaux C, Fews P, Bandulet H, Pepin H. Experimental evidence of electric inhibition in fast electron penetration and of electric-field-limited fast electron transport in dense matter. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:R5927-30. [PMID: 11102017 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.r5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fast electron generation and propagation were studied in the interaction of a green laser with solids. The experiment, carried out with the LULI TW laser (350 fs, 15 J), used K(alpha) emission from buried fluorescent layers to measure electron transport. Results for conductors (Al) and insulators (plastic) are compared with simulations: in plastic, inhibition in the propagation of fast electrons is observed, due to electric fields which become the dominant factor in electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pisani
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini" and INFM, Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Via Emanueli 15, 20126 Milano, Italy and LULI, UMR No. 7605, CNRS-CEA-X-Paris VI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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16
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Batani D, Davies JR, Bernardinello A, Pisani F, Koenig M, Hall TA, Ellwi S, Norreys P, Rose S, Djaoui A, Neely D. Explanations for the observed increase in fast electron penetration in laser shock compressed materials. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:5725-5733. [PMID: 11031632 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We analyze recent experimental results on the increase of fast electron penetration in shock compressed plastic [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1003 (1998)]. It is explained by a combination of stopping power and electric field effects, which appear to be important even at laser intensities as low as 10(16) W cm-2. An important conclusion is that fast electron induced heating must be taken into account, changing the properties of the material in which the fast electrons propagate. In insulators this leads to a rapid insulator to conductor phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Batani
- Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Bicocca and INFM, Italy
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17
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Carillon A, Chen HZ, Dhez P, Dwivedi L, Jacoby J, Jaegle P, Jamelot G, Key MH, Kidd A, Klisnick A, Kodama R, Krishnan J, Lewis CL, Neely D, Norreys P, O'Neill D, Pert GJ, Ramsden SA, Raucourt JP, Tallents GJ, Uhomoibhi J. Saturated and near-diffraction-limited operation of an XUV laser at 23.6 nm. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68:2917-2920. [PMID: 10045528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Tallents GJ, Key MH, Norreys P, Brown D, Dunn J, Baldis H. Production of hot near-solid-density plasma by electron energy transport in a laser-produced plasma. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 40:2857-2859. [PMID: 9902495 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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