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Caire R, Pordone N, Verhoeven PO. The YAP1-TEAD axis promotes autophagy against intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Autophagy 2023; 19:2811-2813. [PMID: 36779581 PMCID: PMC10472845 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2179771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously considered as an exclusive extracellular bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus has been shown to be able to invade many cells in vitro and in humans. Once inside the host cell, both cytosolic and endosome-associated S. aureus strongly induce macroautophagy/autophagy. Whether autophagy fosters S. aureus intracellular survival or clearance remains unclear. The YAP1-TEAD axis regulates the expression of target genes controlling the cell fate (e.g., proliferation, migration, cell cycle …). Growing evidence indicates that YAP1-TEAD also regulates autophagy and lysosomal pathways. Recently we showed that the YAP1-TEAD axis promotes autophagy and lysosome biogenesis to restrict S. aureus intracellular replication. We also discovered that the C3 exoenzyme-like EDIN-B toxin produced by the pathogenic S. aureus ST80 strain inhibits YAP1 nuclear translocation resulting in a strong increase of intracellular S. aureus burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Caire
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Nicola Pordone
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O. Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
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2
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Fayolle M, Epercieux A, Haddar CH, Pillet S, Berthelot P, Pozzetto B, Carricajo A, Grattard F, Verhoeven PO. Prospective Evaluation of the BD MAX StaphSR Assay for the Screening of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Nasal Swabs Taken in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13881. [PMID: 37762183 PMCID: PMC10531305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening patients for S. aureus nasal carriage has proved effective in preventing cross-contamination and endogenous infection with this bacterium. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the BD MAX StaphSR assay with liquid Amies elution swabs, taken during routine care of intensive care unit patients. Direct and pre-enriched cultures were used as reference methods to screen for S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Discrepant results between the BD MAX StaphSR assay and cultures were resolved by using the Xpert SA Nasal Complete assay. A total of 607 nasal swabs taken from 409 patients were included in this study. Compared to culture methods, the sensitivity and specificity of the BD MAX StaphSR assay were 92.5% and 91.7% for S. aureus screening, and 94.7% and 98.3% for MRSA screening, respectively. In 52 (8.6%) specimens, there was a discrepancy between the results of cultures and the BD MAX StaphSR assay, including 13 (25%) where the results of the BD MAX StaphSR assay were confirmed by the Xpert SA Nasal Complete test. This prospective study showed that the BD MAX StaphSR assay is reliable for S. aureus and MRSA detection from nasal samples taken with liquid Amies elution swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fayolle
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69007 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne, France
| | - Amélie Epercieux
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
| | - Cyrille H. Haddar
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69007 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69007 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
- Infection Control Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69007 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne, France
| | - Anne Carricajo
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69007 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne, France
| | - Florence Grattard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69007 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O. Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69007 Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet St-Etienne University, 42023 St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne, France
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3
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Djeghdir S, Peyron A, Sarry G, Leclerc L, Kaouane G, Verhoeven PO, Pourchez J. Filtration efficiency of medical and community face masks using viral and bacterial bioaerosols. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7115. [PMID: 37130944 PMCID: PMC10152419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Face masks are often recommended in community settings to prevent the airborne transmission of respiratory viruses or bacteria. Our first objective was to develop an experimental bench to assess the viral filtration efficiency (VFE) of a mask with a methodology similar to the normative measurement of bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) used to determine the filtration performance of medical masks. Then, using three categories of masks of increasing filtration quality (two types of community masks and one type of medical mask), filtration performances measured ranged from 61.4 to 98.8% of BFE and from 65.5 to 99.2% of VFE. A strong correlation (r = 0.983) between bacterial and viral filtration efficiency was observed for all types of masks and for the same droplets size in the 2-3 µm range. This result confirms the relevance of the EN14189:2019 standard using bacterial bioaerosols to evaluate mask filtration, to also extrapolate mask performances whatever their filtration quality against viral bioaerosols. Indeed, it appears that the filtration efficiency of masks (for micrometer droplet sizes and low bioaerosol exposure times) depends mainly on the size of the airborne droplet, rather than on the size of the infectious agent contained in that droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Djeghdir
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Aurélien Peyron
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
- GIMAP Team, CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gwendoline Sarry
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Lara Leclerc
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Ghalia Kaouane
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- GIMAP Team, CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en InfectiologieInserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Mines Saint-Etienne, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023, Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France.
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4
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Rigaill J, Gavid M, Fayolle M, Morgene MF, Lelonge Y, Grattard F, Pozzetto B, Crépin A, Prades JM, Laurent F, Botelho-Nevers E, Berthelot P, Verhoeven PO. Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization level and intracellular reservoir: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:621-629. [PMID: 36964269 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in humans. The nasal vestibule is considered as the main reservoir of S. aureus. However, even though the nasal cavity may also be colonized by S. aureus, the relationships between the two sites are still unclear. We conducted a prospective study in humans to assess the S. aureus colonization profiles in the vestibule and nasal cavity, and to investigate the presence of intracellular S. aureus in the two sites. Patients undergoing ear, nose, and throat surgery were swabbed during endoscopy to determine S. aureus nasal load, genotype, and presence of intracellular S. aureus. Among per-operative samples from 90 patients, the prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 32.2% and 33.3% in the vestibule and the nasal cavity, respectively. The mean S. aureus load was 4.10 and 4.25 log10 CFU/swab for the nasal vestibule and nasal cavity, respectively (P > 0.05). Genotyping of S. aureus revealed that all nasal strains isolated from a given individual belong to the same clonal complex and spa-type. An intracellular carriage was observed in 5.6% of the patients, all of whom exhibited a S. aureus vestibule load higher than 3 log10 CFU/swab. An intracellular niche was observed in the vestibule as well as in the nasal cavity. In conclusion, the nasal cavity was also found to be a major site of S. aureus carriage in humans and should draw attention when studying host-pathogen interactions related to the risk of infection associated with colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Rigaill
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Marie Gavid
- Department of Ear Nose Throat Surgery, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Martin Fayolle
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Mohamed Fedy Morgene
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
| | - Yann Lelonge
- Department of Ear Nose Throat Surgery, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Florence Grattard
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Adeline Crépin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Prades
- Department of Ear Nose Throat Surgery, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal Pathogenesis team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Bacteriology, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, University Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France.
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France.
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Abdallah ZB, Tamisier N, Lleres-Vadeboin M, Grattard F, Pozzetto B, Verhoeven PO, Carricajo A. Evaluation of the BL-RED (Beta-Lactamase Rapid Electrochemical Detection) test for the rapid detection of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 203:106626. [PMID: 36414186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity of NG-test CTX-M Multi assay and BL-RED test incubated 10 min for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 80.6% and 90.3% respectively. Using an extended 60 min incubation with the BL-RED test, its sensitivity was increased to 100% and 60.9% for ESBL-producing and cephalosporinase-overexpressing Enterobacteriaceae respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Ben Abdallah
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Norbert Tamisier
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Manon Lleres-Vadeboin
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Florence Grattard
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France; Faculty of Medicine of St-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France; Faculty of Medicine of St-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France; Faculty of Medicine of St-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Anne Carricajo
- Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France; Faculty of Medicine of St-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France; CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Maurin C, Courrier E, He Z, Rigaill J, Josse J, Laurent F, Gain P, Thuret G, Verhoeven PO. Key Role of Staphylococcal Fibronectin-Binding Proteins During the Initial Stage of Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis in Humans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:745659. [PMID: 34858871 PMCID: PMC8630648 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.745659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of bacterial keratitis in humans. This study was aimed at investigating the mechanisms of S. aureus adhesion to the human corneal epithelium involved during the initial stage of infectious keratitis. Methods Human corneas stored in a specific active storage machine that restores a normal pluristratified epithelium were used to assess S. aureus adhesion level to intact and injured tissues using immunostaining. S. aureus adhesion to immobilized fibronectin was measured in microtiter plate. Internalization of S. aureus clinical isolates recovered from keratitis was assessed on human corneal epithelial HCE-2 cells. Results Superficial corneal injury unmasked fibronectin molecules expressed within the human corneal epithelium. S. aureus adhesion level was increased by 117-fold in the area of injured epithelium (p < 0.0001). The deletion of staphylococcal fnbA/B genes decreased by 71% the adhesion level to immobilized fibronectin (p < 0.001). The deletion of fnbA/B genes and the incubation of the corneas with anti-fibronectin blocking antibodies prior to the infection significantly reduced the S. aureus adhesion level to injured corneal epithelium (p < 0.001). Finally, S. aureus clinical isolates triggered its internalization in human corneal epithelial cells as efficiently as the 8325-4 wt. Conclusion S. aureus was almost unable to bind the intact corneal epithelium, whereas a superficial epithelial injury of the corneal epithelium strongly increased S. aureus adhesion, which is mainly driven by the interaction between staphylococcal fibronectin-binding proteins and unmasked fibronectin molecules located underneath the most superficial layer of the corneal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corantin Maurin
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (BiiGC), University of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Emilie Courrier
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (BiiGC), University of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (BiiGC), University of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Josselin Rigaill
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Jérôme Josse
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal Pathogenesis Team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal Pathogenesis Team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Institute for Infectious Agents, Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (BiiGC), University of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, St-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (BiiGC), University of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, St-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
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7
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Rodriguez K, Saunier F, Rigaill J, Audoux E, Botelho-Nevers E, Prier A, Dickerscheit Y, Pillet S, Pozzetto B, Bourlet T, Verhoeven PO. Evaluation of in vitro activity of copper gluconate against SARS-CoV-2 using confocal microscopy-based high content screening. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126818. [PMID: 34274845 PMCID: PMC8264279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged late in 2019 is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). There is an urgent need to develop curative and preventive therapeutics to limit the current pandemic and to prevent the re-emergence of Covid-19. This study aimed to assess the in vitro activity of copper gluconate against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Vero E6 cells were cultured with or without copper gluconate 18-24 hours before infection. Cells were infected with a recombinant GFP expressing SARS-CoV-2. Cells were infected with a recombinant GFP expressing SARS-CoV-2. Infected cells were incubated in fresh medium containing varying concentration of copper gluconate (supplemented with bovine serum albumin or not) for an additional 48 -h period. The infection level was measured by the confocal microscopy-based high content screening method. The cell viability in presence of copper gluconate was assessed by XTT and propidium iodide assays. RESULTS The viability of Vero E6 cells exposed to copper gluconate up to 200 μM was found to be similar to that of unexposed cells, but it dropped below 70 % with 400 μM of this agent after 72 h of continuous exposure. The infection rate was 23.8 %, 18.9 %, 20.6 %, 6.9 %, 5.3 % and 5.2 % in cells treated prior infection with 0, 2, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM of copper gluconate respectively. As compared to untreated cells, the number of infected cells was reduced by 71 %, 77 %, and 78 % with 25, 50, and 100 μM of copper gluconate respectively (p < 0.05). In cells treated only post-infection, the rate of infection dropped by 73 % with 100 μM of copper gluconate (p < 0.05). However, the antiviral activity of copper gluconate was abolished by the addition of bovine serum albumin. CONCLUSION Copper gluconate was found to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells but this effect was abolished by albumin, which suggests that copper will not retain its activity in serum. Furthers studies are needed to investigate whether copper gluconate could be of benefit in mucosal administration such as mouthwash, nasal spray or aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Rodriguez
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France
| | - Florian Saunier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France; Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, France
| | - Josselin Rigaill
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France; Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, France
| | - Estelle Audoux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France; Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, France
| | - Amélie Prier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France
| | - Yann Dickerscheit
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France; Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France; Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France; Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, University of St-Etienne, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, St-Etienne, France; Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, France.
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8
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Rigaill J, Audoux E, Rodriguez K, Peyron A, Berthelot P, Josse J, Laurent F, Caire R, Verhoeven PO. Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34570088 DOI: 10.3791/62903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus expresses virulence factors to trigger its internalization into eukaryote cells and to survive inside different subcellular compartments. This paper describes an enzyme protection assay to study the extent of S. aureus internalization and its intracellular survival in adherent non-professional phagocytic cells (NPPCs) as well as the intracellular efficacy of antimicrobial compounds. NPPCs are grown in a multi-well plate until they reach 100% confluence. S. aureus cultures are grown overnight in cell culture medium. The bacterial suspension is diluted according to the number of cells per well to inoculate the cells at a controlled multiplicity of infection. Inoculated cells are incubated for 2 h to allow the bacteria to be internalized by the NPPCs, following which lysostaphin is added to the culture medium to selectively kill extracellular bacteria. Lysostaphin is present in the culture medium for the rest of the experiment. At this point, the infected cells could be incubated with antimicrobial compounds to assess their intracellular activities against S. aureus. Next, the cells are washed three times to remove the drugs, and intracellular S. aureus load is then quantified by culturing on agar plates. Alternatively, for studying staphylococcal virulence factors involved in intracellular survival and cell toxicity, lysostaphin could be inactivated with proteinase K to eliminate the need for washing steps. This tip improves the reliability of the intracellular bacterial load quantification, especially if cells tend to detach from the culture plate when they become heavily infected because of the multiplication of intracellular S. aureus. These protocols can be used with virtually all types of adherent NPPCs and with 3D cell culture models such as organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Rigaill
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of St-Etienne, France; Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Estelle Audoux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of St-Etienne, France
| | - Killian Rodriguez
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of St-Etienne, France
| | - Aurélien Peyron
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of St-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of St-Etienne, France; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Jérôme Josse
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal Pathogenesis team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Département de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal Pathogenesis team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France; Département de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Robin Caire
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of St-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP team, University of Lyon, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UCBL1, University of St-Etienne, France; Department of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France;
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9
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Andreola ML, Becquart F, Jomaa W, Verhoeven PO, Baldacchino G, Hemour S. The properties of hot household hygroscopic materials and their potential use for non-medical facemask decontamination. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255148. [PMID: 34492026 PMCID: PMC8423240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of facemasks throughout the population is recommended by the WHO to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As some regions of the world are facing mask shortages, reuse may be necessary. However, used masks are considered as a potential hazard that may spread and transmit disease if they are not decontaminated correctly and systematically before reuse. As a result, the inappropriate decontamination practices that are commonly witnessed in the general public are challenging management of the epidemic at a large scale. To achieve public acceptance and implementation, decontamination procedures need to be low-cost and simple. We propose the use of hot hygroscopic materials to decontaminate non-medical facemasks in household settings. We report on the inactivation of a viral load on a facial mask exposed to hot hygroscopic materials for 15 minutes. As opposed to recent academic studies whereby decontamination is achieved by maintaining heat and humidity above a given value, a more flexible procedure is proposed here using a slow decaying pattern, which is both effective and easier to implement, suggesting straightforward public deployment and hence reliable implementation by the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Line Andreola
- Université de Bordeaux, MFP, CNRS UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
- UB’L3 TBM core, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fréderic Becquart
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Wahbi Jomaa
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5295, Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Paul O. Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Equipe GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM U1111, CNRS, ENS, UCBL1, St‑Etienne, France
- Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology-Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gérard Baldacchino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamique et Lasers (LIDYL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Simon Hemour
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, IMS, Talence, France
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10
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Nicolas R, Carricajo A, Morel J, Rigaill J, Grattard F, Guezzou S, Audoux E, Campisi S, Favre JP, Berthelot P, Verhoeven PO, Botelho-Nevers E. Evaluation of effectiveness and compliance with the mupirocin nasal ointment part of Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in real life using UPLC-MS/MS mupirocin quantification. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1623-1630. [PMID: 32097475 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative decolonization is recommended in Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers scheduled for cardiac surgery. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of and compliance with mupirocin use in nasal S. aureus carriers in a real-life setting. METHODS Prospective study including consecutive patients scheduled for cardiac surgery screened for S. aureus nasal carriage at preoperative consultation. Carriers were prescribed mupirocin nasal ointment, chlorhexidine shower and mouthwash. Effectiveness of decolonization was evaluated with a postoperative nasal sample. Compliance was evaluated objectively by determination of nasal mupirocin concentration using UPLC-MS/MS and self-reported by questionnaire. RESULTS Over 10 months, 361 patients were included, 286 had preoperative screening, 75 (26.2%) were S. aureus nasal carriers and 19 of them (25.3%) failed to be effectively decolonized. No resistance to mupirocin was documented. Preoperative and postoperative strains were identical in all cases. Declared good compliance was associated with decolonization success (OR = 24; 95% CI 4-143, P < 0.0001). Mupirocin detection was significantly associated with the level of compliance. Mupirocin was detected in 52.2% (24/46) of patients effectively decolonized and in 12.5% (2/16) of patients with decolonization failure (P < 0.01). In 2/19 patients, failure of decolonization was not associated with a compliance issue. Postoperative carriage was associated with an increased risk of S. aureus infection (OR = 9.8; 95% CI 1.8-53, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In real life, decolonization is not always effective, hence there is a persisting risk of S. aureus endogenous infection. Mupirocin concentration measurement may help to understand compliance issues and failures in decolonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Nicolas
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France.,GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France
| | - Anne Carricajo
- GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Jérôme Morel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Josselin Rigaill
- GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Florence Grattard
- GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Salim Guezzou
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Estelle Audoux
- GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France
| | - Salvatore Campisi
- Cardiac Surgery Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Favre
- Cardiac Surgery Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, 42055 St-Etienne Cedex 02, France
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11
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Pourchez J, Peyron A, Montigaud Y, Laurent C, Audoux E, Leclerc L, Verhoeven PO. New insights into the standard method of assessing bacterial filtration efficiency of medical face masks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5887. [PMID: 33723303 PMCID: PMC7960701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the current knowledge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, wearing a mask has been recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) measurements enable designing and regulating medical masks to prevent bioaerosol dissemination; however, despite the simplicity of these measurements, several scientific questions remain unanswered regarding BFE tests. Here, we investigated (1) the impact of substituting 100-mm Petri dishes with 90-mm disposable Petri dishes, (2) the impact of colony-counting methods on the bioaerosol aerodynamic size, and (3) the impact of colony-counting methods on the total viable particle counts. We demonstrated that disposable 90-mm Petri dishes can be used to replace the 100-mm dishes. We also showed that an automatic high-resolution colony counter can be used to directly count viable particles on collection substrates and to measure the bioaerosol size parameters. Our results enable possible modernization of the outdated testing methods recommended in the US and European standards for BFE measurements. Specifically, use of a modernized colony counter should be clearly regulated and permitted to avoid the counting of positive holes. The median aerodynamic diameter appears to be the most relevant parameter for characterizing bioaerosol size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France. .,École Nationale Supérieure Des Mines Saint Étienne, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose Centre CIS, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Aurélien Peyron
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Yoann Montigaud
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Coralie Laurent
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Estelle Audoux
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Equipe GIMAP (team 15), INSERM U1111, CNRS, ENS, UCBL1, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Lara Leclerc
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Equipe GIMAP (team 15), INSERM U1111, CNRS, ENS, UCBL1, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,Service des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, CHU de St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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12
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Kolenda C, Ranc AG, Boisset S, Caspar Y, Carricajo A, Souche A, Dauwalder O, Verhoeven PO, Vandenesch F, Laurent F. Assessment of Respiratory Bacterial Coinfections Among Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Positive Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units Using Conventional Culture and BioFire, FilmArray Pneumonia Panel Plus Assay. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa484. [PMID: 33204762 PMCID: PMC7654374 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 15% of patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present with severe forms of the disease and require hospitalization in intensive care units, which has been associated with high mortality rates. The prevalence of bacterial infections in these patients is not well established, and more data are needed to guide empiric antibiotic therapy and improve patient outcomes. Methods In this prospective multicenter study, we assessed bacterial coinfections identified in culture from 99 French patients infected by SARS-Cov-2 and hospitalized in intensive care units. We concomitantly evaluated an innovative molecular diagnostic technology technique, the BioFire, FilmArray Pneumonia Panel plus (FA-pneumo) assay, to identify these coinfections at an early stage, and its concordance with conventional culture. Results We showed that a bacterial coinfection was detected in 15% of patients based on conventional culture. Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were the most prevalent pathogens. The sensitivity of FA-pneumo compared with culture was 100%. In contrast, the specificity varied between 88.4% and 100% according to the pathogen, and our results highlighted that 60.5% of bacterial targets reported using this assay were not recovered by culture; 76.9% of discordant results corresponded to bacteria belonging to commensal oral flora and/or reported with ≤105 copies/mL bacterial nucleic acids. Conclusions Based on its excellent sensitivity, the FA-pneumo assay is useful to rule out bacterial coinfections in the context of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and avoid the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics. However, positive tests should be interpreted carefully, taking into consideration deoxyribonucleic acid bacterial load and all clinical and biological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Kolenda
- Département de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Ranc
- Département de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Boisset
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Yvan Caspar
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Carricajo
- Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Aubin Souche
- Département de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Dauwalder
- Département de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- Laboratoire des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- Département de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Département de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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13
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Bernard L, Desoubeaux G, Bodier-Montagutelli E, Pardessus J, Brea D, Allimonnier L, Eymieux S, Raynal PI, Vasseur V, Vecellio L, Mathé L, Guillon A, Lanotte P, Pourchez J, Verhoeven PO, Esnouf S, Ferry M, Eterradossi N, Blanchard Y, Brown P, Roingeard P, Alcaraz JP, Cinquin P, Si-Tahar M, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Controlled Heat and Humidity-Based Treatment for the Reuse of Personal Protective Equipment: A Pragmatic Proof-of-Concept to Address the Mass Shortage of Surgical Masks and N95/FFP2 Respirators and to Prevent the SARS-CoV2 Transmission. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:584036. [PMID: 33195335 PMCID: PMC7607499 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.584036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unprecedented shortage of healthcare resources, primarily personal protective equipment like surgical masks, and N95/filtering face piece type 2 (FFP2) respirators. Objective: Reuse of surgical masks and N95/FFP2 respirators may circumvent the supply chain constraints and thus overcome mass shortage. Methods, design, setting, and measurement: Herein, we tested the effects of dry- and moist-air controlled heating treatment on structure and chemical integrity, decontamination yield, and filtration performance of surgical masks and FFP2 respirators. Results: We found that treatment in a climate chamber at 70°C during 1 h with 75% humidity rate was adequate for enabling substantial decontamination of both respiratory viruses, oropharyngeal bacteria, and model animal coronaviuses, while maintaining a satisfying filtering capacity. Limitations: Further studies are now required to confirm the feasibility of the whole process during routine practice. Conclusion: Our findings provide compelling evidence for the recycling of pre-used surgical masks and N95/FFP2 respirators in case of imminent mass shortfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bernard
- Médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Parasitologie-mycologie-médecine tropicale, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Elsa Bodier-Montagutelli
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France.,Pharmacie à usage intérieure, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jeoffrey Pardessus
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Déborah Brea
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Laurine Allimonnier
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Eymieux
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Biologie cellulaire-Microscopie électronique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,UMR Inserm U1259-Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et des virus des hépatites, Tours, France
| | - Pierre-Ivan Raynal
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Biologie cellulaire-Microscopie électronique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Virginie Vasseur
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Ludovic Mathé
- Blanchisserie centrale GCS NOT, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France.,Médecine intensive-Réanimation, CHU de Tours et Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Lanotte
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,ISP Equipe 5-Bactéries et Risque Materno-fœtale, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- GIMAP, EA 3064, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,Service des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, CHU de St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Esnouf
- Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Muriel Ferry
- Service d'Étude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Paul Brown
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Biologie cellulaire-Microscopie électronique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,UMR Inserm U1259-Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et des virus des hépatites, Tours, France
| | | | - Philippe Cinquin
- TIMC-IMAG, UMR5525 Univ. Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, La Tronche, France.,CIC-IT1406 INSERM/CHU Grenoble Alpes/Univ. Grenoble Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Inserm U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
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Haddar C, Verhoeven PO, Bourlet T, Pozzetto B, Pillet S. Brief comparative evaluation of six open one-step RT-qPCR mastermixes for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using a Taqman probe. J Clin Virol 2020; 132:104636. [PMID: 33099260 PMCID: PMC7476897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In case of virus emergence, laboratory-developed assays (LDA) should be urgently assessed. Recommended open one-step RT-qPCR reagents are rapidly on tension in case of pandemic. Five other reagents were shown to be used for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by LDA. This study can help laboratories to assess LDA for detecting emerging RNA viruses.
Background Facing the emergence of a new RNA virus, clinical laboratories are often helpless in the case of a shortage of reagents recommended by Reference Centres. Objectives To compare five open one step RT-qPCR reagents to the SuperScript™ III Platinum™ One-Step qRT-PCR kit (Invitrogen) considered as the reference one in France at the beginning of the pandemic for detection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in respiratory specimens by using a laboratory-developed assay targeting the viral RNA dependant RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. Study design A total of 51 NUCLISENS easyMAG extracts from respiratory specimens was tested on ABI 7500 thermocycler with TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), Luna® Universal Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit (New England Biolabs), GoTaq® Probe 1- Step RT-qPCR System (Promega), LightCycler® Multiplex RNA Virus Master (Roche) and One-step PrimeScript RT-PCR kit (Takara). The CT values obtained using the 5 challenged reagents were compared to those obtained using the reference assay. Results The percentages of concordance were all above 95 %. When comparing the CT values of the 48 extracts exhibiting CT values < 35 obtained with the reference reagent, the results were similar between the reagents although the differences of CT values were quite dispersed. Conclusions All five reagents can be considered as alternative reagents to the reference for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, and GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) EA-3064, Medicine Faculty of Saint-Etienne, Campus Santé-Innovations of Saint-Etienne, Member of University of Lyon, France.
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, and GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) EA-3064, Medicine Faculty of Saint-Etienne, Campus Santé-Innovations of Saint-Etienne, Member of University of Lyon, France.
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, and GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) EA-3064, Medicine Faculty of Saint-Etienne, Campus Santé-Innovations of Saint-Etienne, Member of University of Lyon, France.
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, and GIMAP (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) EA-3064, Medicine Faculty of Saint-Etienne, Campus Santé-Innovations of Saint-Etienne, Member of University of Lyon, France.
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15
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Courrier E, Maurin C, Lambert V, Renault D, Bourlet T, Pillet S, Verhoeven PO, Forest F, Perrache C, He Z, Garcin T, Rousseau A, Labetoulle M, Gain P, Thuret G. Ex vivo model of herpes simplex virus type I dendritic and geographic keratitis using a corneal active storage machine. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236183. [PMID: 32697805 PMCID: PMC7375596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpetic keratitis (HK) models using whole human corneas are essential for studying virus-host relationships, because of high species specificity and the role of interactions between corneal cell populations that cell culture cannot reproduce. Nevertheless, the two current corneal storage methods (hypothermia and organ culture (OC)) do not preserve corneas in good physiological condition, as they are characterized by epithelial abrasion, stromal oedema, and excessive endothelial mortality. METHODS To rehabilitate human corneas intended for scientific use, we used an active storage machine (ASM) that restores two physiological parameters that are essential for corneal homeostasis: intraocular pressure and storage medium renewal (21mmHg and 2.6 μL/min, respectively). ASM storage regenerates a normal multilayer epithelium in 2 weeks. We infected six pairs of corneas unsuitable for graft by inoculating the epithelium with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and compared each ASM-stored cornea with the other cornea stored in the same medium using the conventional OC method. RESULTS Only corneas in the ASM developed a dendritic (n = 3) or geographic (n = 2) epithelial ulcer reproducing typical HSV-1-induced clinical lesions. Corneas in OC showed only extensive desquamations. None of the uninfected controls showed epithelial damage. Histology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction on corneal tissue confirmed infection in all cases (excluding negative controls). CONCLUSIONS The ASM provides an innovative ex vivo model of HK in whole human cornea that reproduces typical epithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Courrier
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Corantin Maurin
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Victor Lambert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Didier Renault
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene GIMAP-EA3064, University Hospital & University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene GIMAP-EA3064, University Hospital & University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O. Verhoeven
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene GIMAP-EA3064, University Hospital & University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabien Forest
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chantal Perrache
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thibaud Garcin
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Antoine Rousseau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, South Paris University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IMVA, UMR, INSERM, CEA, South Paris University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, South Paris University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IMVA, UMR, INSERM, CEA, South Paris University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, Health Innovation Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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16
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Botelho-Nevers E, Gagneux-Brunon A, Velay A, Guerbois-Galla M, Grard G, Bretagne C, Mailles A, Verhoeven PO, Pozzetto B, Gonzalo S, Fafi-Kremer S, Leparc-Goffart I, Pillet S. Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France, 2017-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:1944-1948. [PMID: 31538929 PMCID: PMC6759258 DOI: 10.3201/eid2510.181923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three autochthonous cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) acquired in rural areas of France where Lyme borreliosis, but not TBE, is endemic highlight the emergence of TBE in new areas. For patients with neurologic involvement who have been in regions where Ixodes ticks circulate, clinicians should test for TBE virus and other tickborne viruses.
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17
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Haddar CH, Joly J, Carricajo A, Verhoeven PO, Grattard F, Mory O, Begaud E, Germani Y, Cantais A, Pozzetto B. Strategy using a new antigenic test for rapid diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in respiratory samples from children consulting at hospital. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:79. [PMID: 32264834 PMCID: PMC7137283 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite vaccination programs, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains among the main microorganisms involved in bacterial pneumonia, notably in terms of severity. The prognosis of pneumococcal infections is conditioned in part by the precocity of the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) targeting cell wall polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae and performed directly in respiratory samples, on the strategy of diagnosis of respiratory pneumococcal infections in children. Results Upper-respiratory tract samples from 196 children consulting at hospital for respiratory infection were tested for detecting S. pneumoniae using a newly-designed RDT (PneumoResp, Biospeedia), a semi-quantitative culture and two PCR assays. If positive on fluidized undiluted specimen, the RDT was repeated on 1:100-diluted sample. The RDT was found highly specific when tested on non-S. pneumoniae strains. By comparison to culture and PCR assays, the RDT on undiluted secretions exhibited a sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (NPV) of more than 98%. By comparison to criteria of S. pneumoniae pneumonia combining typical symptoms, X-ray image, and culture ≥107 CFU/ml, the Se and NPV of RDT on diluted specimens were 100% in both cases. Conclusions In case of negative result, the excellent NPV of RDT on undiluted secretions allows excluding S. pneumoniae pneumonia. In case of positive result, the excellent sensitivity of RDT on diluted secretions for the diagnosis of S. pneumoniae pneumonia allows proposing a suitable antimicrobial treatment at day 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille H Haddar
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.,BioSpeedia, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Johan Joly
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Anne Carricajo
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Florence Grattard
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Olivier Mory
- Pediatric Emergency Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | | | - Yves Germani
- BioSpeedia, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Cantais
- Pediatric Emergency Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France. .,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France.
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18
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Rigaill J, Morgene MF, Gavid M, Lelonge Y, He Z, Carricajo A, Grattard F, Pozzetto B, Berthelot P, Botelho-Nevers E, Verhoeven PO. Intracellular activity of antimicrobial compounds used for Staphylococcus aureus nasal decolonization. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:3044-3048. [PMID: 30124897 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is able to invade mammalian cells during infection and was recently observed inside nasal mucosa of healthy carriers. Objectives To determine the intracellular activity of antimicrobial compounds used for decolonization procedures using a cell model mimicking S. aureus nasal epithelium invasion. Patients and methods HaCaT cells and human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) recovered from nasal swabs of S. aureus carriers were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy to detect intracellular S. aureus cells. An HaCaT cell model, mimicking S. aureus internalization observed ex vivo in HNECs, was used to assess the intracellular activity against S. aureus of 21 antimicrobial compounds used for nasal decolonization, including mupirocin and chlorhexidine. Results HaCaT cells and HNECs were found to internalize S. aureus with the same focal pattern. Most antimicrobial compounds tested on HaCaT cells were shown to have weak activity against intracellular S. aureus. Some systemic antimicrobials, including fusidic acid, clindamycin, linezolid, minocycline, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin and levofloxacin, reduced S. aureus intracellular loads by 0.43-1.66 log cfu/106 cells compared with the control (P < 0.001). By contrast, mupirocin and chlorhexidine reduced the S. aureus intracellular load by 0.19 and 0.23 log cfu/106 cells, respectively. Conclusions These data indicate that most of the antimicrobial compounds used for nasal decolonization, including mupirocin and chlorhexidine, exhibit weak activity against intracellular S. aureus using the HaCaT cell model. This work emphasizes the need to better understand the role of the S. aureus intracellular reservoir during nasal colonization in order to improve decolonization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rigaill
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), EA 3064, University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - M F Morgene
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - M Gavid
- Department of Ear Nose Throat Surgery, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - Y Lelonge
- Department of Ear Nose Throat Surgery, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - Z He
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (BiiGC), EA2521, University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France
| | - A Carricajo
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), EA 3064, University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - F Grattard
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), EA 3064, University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - B Pozzetto
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), EA 3064, University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - P Berthelot
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), EA 3064, University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - E Botelho-Nevers
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), EA 3064, University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
| | - P O Verhoeven
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP), EA 3064, University of Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne cedex 02, France
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19
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Gagnaire J, Botelho-Nevers E, Martin-Simoes P, Morel J, Zéni F, Maillard N, Mariat C, Haddar CH, Carricajo A, Fonsale N, Grattard F, Pozzetto B, Laurent F, Berthelot P, Verhoeven PO. Interplay of nasal and rectal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care unit patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1811-1819. [PMID: 31273646 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nasal and rectal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and the occurrence of ICU-acquired infections related to S. aureus carriage. Three hundred and ninety-five patients admitted in ICU were screened for S. aureus nasal and rectal carriages and followed to record S. aureus infections during their stay. S. aureus strains were genotyped by arbitrarily primed PCR, spa-typing, microarray and whole genome sequencing. At ICU admission, 112 of 363 (30.9%) patients carried S. aureus including 61 (16.8%) exclusive nasal carriers, 40 (11.0%) combined nasal and rectal carriers and 11 (3.0%) exclusive rectal carriers. The 152 S. aureus isolates from nasal and rectal swabs belonged to 19 clonal complexes (CCs). Patients colonized in both nose and rectum harboured different strains in at least 40% of cases according to arbitrarily primed PCR data. Nasal carriers of CC5 S. aureus had an increased risk of rectal carriage (RR = 1.85, P < .05). S. aureus nasal and rectal carriage was a risk factor of S. aureus ICU-acquired infection (RR = 4.04; 95%CI [1.38-11.76]). Incidence rates of endogenous ICU-acquired infections in exclusive nasal carriers, exclusive rectal carriers and in both nasal and rectal carriers were 0.08 (5/61), 0.09 (1/11) and 0.03 (1/40), respectively (p = 0.47). Rectal swabbing increased the detection of S. aureus carriage and revealed an important diversity of S. aureus strains in ICU patients. Further studies are needed to understand how S. aureus rectal carriage increases the risk of endogenous ICU-acquired infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gagnaire
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Patricia Martin-Simoes
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Morel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Fabrice Zéni
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Maillard
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Christophe Mariat
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Cyrille H Haddar
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Anne Carricajo
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Nathalie Fonsale
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Florence Grattard
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Inserm U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France.,Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France.,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, St-Etienne, France. .,Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France.
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20
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Gagneux-Brunon A, Pouvaret A, Maillard N, Berthelot P, Lutz MF, Cazorla C, Tulane C, Fuzellier JF, Verhoeven PO, Frésard A, Duval X, Lucht F, Botelho-Nevers E. Acute kidney injury in infective endocarditis: A retrospective analysis. Med Mal Infect 2019; 49:527-533. [PMID: 30955847 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high case fatality in infective endocarditis (IE), but epidemiological data on the frequency of AKI during IE is scarce. We aimed to describe the frequency and risk factors for AKI during the course of IE using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes consensual criteria. METHODS Using the French hospital discharge database (French acronym PMSI), we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 112 patients presenting with a first episode of probable or definite IE between January 2010 and May 2015. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients (68.8%) developed AKI. In univariate analysis, risk factors for AKI were cardiac surgery for IE (n=29, 37.7% vs. n=4, 1.4%, P<0.0005), cardiac failure (n=29, 36.7% vs. n=1, 2.9%, P<0.0005), diabetes mellitus (n=14, 18.2% vs. n=1, 0.9%, P=0.034), and prosthetic valve IEs (n=24, 31.2% vs. n=4, 11.4%). No differences were observed for gentamicin exposure (n=57, 64% vs. n=32, 86.5%, P=0.286). Prosthetic valve IE, cardiac failure, and vancomycin exposure were independently associated with AKI with respective odds ratio of 5.49 (95% CI 1.92-17.9), 4.37 (95% CI 4.37-465.7), and 1.084 (1.084-16.2). Mean length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients presenting with AKI than in controls (respectively 52.4±22.1 days vs. 39.6±12.6, P<0.005). CONCLUSION AKI is very frequent during IE, particularly in patients with prosthetic valve IE, cardiac failure, and those receiving vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gagneux-Brunon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; EA 3064, GIMAP, Jean-Monnet University, University of Lyon, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - A Pouvaret
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - N Maillard
- EA 3064, GIMAP, Jean-Monnet University, University of Lyon, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation and Hypertension, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - P Berthelot
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; EA 3064, GIMAP, Jean-Monnet University, University of Lyon, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory of Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; Infection Control Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - M F Lutz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - C Cazorla
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - C Tulane
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - J F Fuzellier
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - P O Verhoeven
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; EA 3064, GIMAP, Jean-Monnet University, University of Lyon, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory of Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Frésard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - X Duval
- Inserm 1425, Inserm U1137, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Université Paris-Diderot, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France
| | - F Lucht
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; EA 3064, GIMAP, Jean-Monnet University, University of Lyon, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - E Botelho-Nevers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France; EA 3064, GIMAP, Jean-Monnet University, University of Lyon, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
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Rigaill J, Grattard F, Grange S, Forest F, Haddad E, Carricajo A, Tristan A, Laurent F, Botelho-Nevers E, Verhoeven PO. Community-Acquired Staphylococcus argenteus Sequence Type 2250 Bone and Joint Infection, France, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:1958-1961. [PMID: 30226182 PMCID: PMC6154148 DOI: 10.3201/eid2410.180727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of Staphylococcus argenteus bone and joint infection in a 9-year-old boy in France. His finger arthritis was complicated by osteitis 5 weeks later, which resulted in a secondary intervention. This case indicates the virulence of S. argenteus, an emerging pathogen whose clinical effects are poorly described.
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Morgene MF, Maurin C, Pillet S, Berthelot P, Morfin F, Pozzetto B, Botelho-Nevers E, Verhoeven PO. HaCaT epithelial cells as an innovative novel model of rhinovirus infection and impact of clarithromycin treatment on infection kinetics. Virology 2018; 523:27-34. [PMID: 30077071 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro propagation of human rhinoviruses (RVs) is difficult because only few continuous human cell lines are permissive to these agents. We propose an innovative model of epithelial cell infection using a non-transformed continuous keratinocyte line from human origin (HaCaT cells). After infection with RV-A13, RV-A16 or RV-A19, HaCaT cells produced infectious particles without showing any observable cytopathic effect and overexpressed ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), the major entry receptor of RVs. Furthermore, the treatment of HaCaT cells with 10 µM clarithromycin reduced the viral titer by 93% and 60% during the first and second days following viral infection, respectively, probably by down-regulating ICAM-1 expression. This original model of epithelial cell infection by RV could be useful to study chronic viral infection and bacterium-virus interactions at the cell level. These results also suggest that clarithromycin may be evaluated for treating in vivo infections associating RV to a susceptible bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fedy Morgene
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP EA3064), Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, France
| | - Corantin Maurin
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP EA3064), Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP EA3064), Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, France; Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP EA3064), Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, France; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Florence Morfin
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute for Infectious Agents, Hospices Civils de Lyon and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Viruses, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP EA3064), Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, France; Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP EA3064), Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, France; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- Group for Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents (GIMAP EA3064), Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, France; Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France
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Morgene MF, Botelho-Nevers E, Grattard F, Pillet S, Berthelot P, Pozzetto B, Verhoeven PO. Staphylococcus aureus colonization and non-influenza respiratory viruses: Interactions and synergism mechanisms. Virulence 2018; 9:1354-1363. [PMID: 30058450 PMCID: PMC6177244 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1504561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections of the respiratory tract can be complicated by bacterial superinfection, resulting in a significantly longer duration of illness and even a fatal outcome. In this review, we focused on interactions between S. aureus and non-influenza viruses. Clinical data evidenced that rhinovirus infection may increase the S. aureus carriage load in humans and its spread. In children, respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with S. aureus carriage. The mechanisms by which some non-influenza respiratory viruses predispose host cells to S. aureus superinfection can be summarized in three categories: i) modifying expression levels of cellular patterns involved in S. aureus adhesion and/or internalization, ii) inducing S. aureus invasion of epithelial cells due to the disruption of tight junctions, and iii) decreasing S. aureus clearance by altering the immune response. The comprehension of pathways involved in S. aureus-respiratory virus interactions may help developing new strategies of preventive and curative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fedy Morgene
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Florence Grattard
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O. Verhoeven
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Gagnaire J, Verhoeven PO, Grattard F, Rigaill J, Lucht F, Pozzetto B, Berthelot P, Botelho-Nevers E. Epidemiology and clinical relevance of Staphylococcus aureus intestinal carriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:767-785. [PMID: 28726558 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1358611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data highlight the importance of screening more than one site for improving the detection of S. aureus colonization. Intestinal carriage is frequently under-investigated and its clinical impact ought to be defined a better way. Areas covered: This review and meta-analysis provide an updated overview of prevalence, characteristics and clinical significance of S. aureus intestinal carriage in different populations, both for methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus strains. Expert commentary: Intestinal S. aureus carriage is documented with higher prevalence in children and in patients with S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections. This site of colonization was shown to be associated with a high risk of dissemination in the environment and with S. aureus infection. Intestinal carriage is frequently retrieved in nasal carriers, reflecting probably an association with a high bacterial load. Exclusive intestinal carriage present in one third of intestinal carriers can be associated with infection. Comparative genotyping analysis of different strains from nasal and extra-nasal sites of carriage, including the intestinal ones, in the same individuals, would allow a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of S. aureus endogenous infection. It could also permit to improve the prevention of these infections by decolonization of sites implicated in infection genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gagnaire
- a GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) , University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France.,b Infectious Diseases Department , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- a GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) , University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France.,c Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Florence Grattard
- a GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) , University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France.,c Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Josselin Rigaill
- a GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) , University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France.,c Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Frédéric Lucht
- a GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) , University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France.,b Infectious Diseases Department , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- a GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) , University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France.,c Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Philippe Berthelot
- a GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) , University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France.,b Infectious Diseases Department , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France.,c Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- a GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) , University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France.,b Infectious Diseases Department , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
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Blanchet-Réthoré S, Bourdès V, Mercenier A, Haddar CH, Verhoeven PO, Andres P. Effect of a lotion containing the heat-treated probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 on Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic dermatitis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2017; 10:249-257. [PMID: 28721083 PMCID: PMC5501445 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s135529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Staphylococcus aureus dominates the skin microbiota in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), with bacterial loads correlating with disease severity. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the effect of a cosmetic lotion containing heat-treated Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 (HT La1) on S. aureus colonization in AD patients. Methods This open-label, multicenter study was performed in AD patients in Germany. First, detection of S. aureus was performed in all patients using the swab or scrub-wash method of sampling, followed by quantitative culture or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Repeatability and reproducibility of all method combinations were evaluated to select the best combination of sampling and quantification. Second, a lotion containing HT La1 was applied to lesional skin twice daily for 3 weeks. Scoring using local objective SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), measurement of S. aureus load, and lesional microbiome analysis were performed before and after the 3-week treatment period. Results Thirty-one patients with AD were included in the study. All sampling and quantification methods were found to be robust, reproducible, and repeatable for assessing S. aureus load. For simplicity, a combination of swab and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was chosen to assess the efficacy of HT La1. Following application of a lotion containing HT La1 to AD lesions for 3 weeks, a reduction in S. aureus load was observed in patients, which correlated with a decrease in local objective SCORAD. Interestingly, high baseline skin concentrations of S. aureus were associated with good responses to the lotion. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the application of a lotion containing HT La1 to the lesional skin of patients with AD for 3 weeks controlled S. aureus colonization and was associated with local clinical improvement (SCORAD). These findings support further development of topical treatments containing heat-treated nonreplicating beneficial bacteria for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Blanchet-Réthoré
- CUTIS (Clinical Unit for Tests and Imaging of Skin), Evaluation Department, Nestlé Skin Health/Galderma Research and Development, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Valérie Bourdès
- CUTIS (Clinical Unit for Tests and Imaging of Skin), Evaluation Department, Nestlé Skin Health/Galderma Research and Development, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Annick Mercenier
- Host Microbiome Interaction Group, Gut Ecosystem Department, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyrille H Haddar
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne and GIMAP (Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents Group), Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne and GIMAP (Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents Group), Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Andres
- Medical Affairs Department, Galderma International, Paris, France
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Botelho-Nevers E, Gagnaire J, Verhoeven PO, Cazorla C, Grattard F, Pozzetto B, Berthelot P, Lucht F. Decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus carriage. Med Mal Infect 2016; 47:305-310. [PMID: 27856080 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization is a well-known independent risk factor for infection caused by this bacterium. Screening and decolonization of carriers have been proven effective in reducing S. aureus infections in some populations. However, a gap remains between what has been proven effective and what is currently done. We aimed to summarize recommendations and current knowledge of S. aureus decolonization to answer the following questions: Why? For whom? How? When? And what are the perspectives?
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Affiliation(s)
- E Botelho-Nevers
- Infectious diseases department, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France; Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP EA 3064), university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - J Gagnaire
- Infectious diseases department, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France; Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP EA 3064), university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Laboratory of infectious agents and hygiene, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France
| | - P O Verhoeven
- Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP EA 3064), university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Laboratory of infectious agents and hygiene, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France
| | - C Cazorla
- Infectious diseases department, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France; Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP EA 3064), university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - F Grattard
- Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP EA 3064), university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Laboratory of infectious agents and hygiene, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France
| | - B Pozzetto
- Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP EA 3064), university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Laboratory of infectious agents and hygiene, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France
| | - P Berthelot
- Infectious diseases department, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France; Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP EA 3064), university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Laboratory of infectious agents and hygiene, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France
| | - F Lucht
- Infectious diseases department, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France; Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP EA 3064), university of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
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Verhoeven PO, Gagnaire J, Haddar CH, Grattard F, Thibaudin D, Afiani A, Cazorla C, Carricajo A, Mariat C, Alamartine E, Lucht F, Garraud O, Pozzetto B, Botelho-Nevers E, Berthelot P. Identifying Hemodialysis Patients With the Highest Risk of Staphylococcus aureus Endogenous Infection Through a Simple Nasal Sampling Algorithm. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3231. [PMID: 27057858 PMCID: PMC4998774 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to Staphylococcus aureus intermittent nasal carriers, persistent ones have the highest risk of infection. This study reports the usefulness of a simple nasal sampling algorithm to identify the S. aureus nasal carriage state of hemodialysis patients (HPs) and their subsequent risk of infection.From a cohort of 85 HPs, 76 were screened for S. aureus nasal carriage once a week during a 10-week period. The S. aureus nasal load was quantified by using either culture on chromogenic medium or fully automated real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Molecular typing was used to compare strains from carriage and infection.The algorithm based on quantitative cultures was able to determine the status of S. aureus nasal carriage with a sensitivity of 95.8%, a specificity of 94.2%, a positive predictive value of 88.5%, and a negative predictive value of 98.0%. Of note, the determination of the S. aureus carriage state was obtained on the first nasal sample for all the 76 HPs, but 1 (98.7%). The algorithm based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay directly from the specimen yielded similar performances. During the 1-year follow-up after the last sampling episode, HPs classified as persistent nasal carriers with the algorithm were found to have a higher risk of S. aureus infection than those classified as nonpersistent carriers (P < 0.05), especially for infections of endogenous origin (P < 0.001).This simple algorithm is reliable for determining the S. aureus nasal carriage status in clinical practice and could contribute to characterize at an early stage of take-up patients with the highest risk of S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O Verhoeven
- From the GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes) (POV, JG, CHH, FG, AC, CM, EA, FL, OG, BP, EB-N, PB), University of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Etienne; Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene (POV, CHH, FG, AC, BP, PB); Infectious Diseases Department (JG, CC, FL, EB-N, PB); Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation Department (DT, CM, EA), University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02; and ARTIC42 Center (AA), 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
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Verhoeven PO, Haddar CH, Grattard F, Carricajo A, Botelho-Nevers E, Pozzetto B, Berthelot P. Does pharyngeal sampling improve the detection of nasopharyngeal persistent carriers of Staphylococcus aureus? J Infect 2015; 70:549-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Verhoeven PO, Gautret P, Haddar CH, Benkouiten S, Gagnaire J, Belhouchat K, Grattard F, Charrel R, Pozzetto B, Drali T, Lucht F, Brouqui P, Memish ZA, Berthelot P, Botelho-Nevers E. Molecular dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Hajj pilgrims. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:650.e5-8. [PMID: 25882367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the 2012 Hajj season, the risk of acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a cohort of French pilgrims was 22.8%, and was statistically associated with the acquisition of viral respiratory pathogens (p 0.03). The carriage of S. aureus belonging to the emerging clonal complex 398 significantly increased following the pilgrimage (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Verhoeven
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - P Gautret
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095 and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - C H Haddar
- Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Benkouiten
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095 and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - J Gagnaire
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - K Belhouchat
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095 and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - F Grattard
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - R Charrel
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095 and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - B Pozzetto
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - T Drali
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095 and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - F Lucht
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - P Brouqui
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095 and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Z A Memish
- Public Health Directorate, Saudi Ministry of Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Mass Gathering Medicine and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P Berthelot
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Laboratory of Infectious Agents and Hygiene, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - E Botelho-Nevers
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Suy F, Verhoeven PO, Lucht F, Grattard F, Carricajo A, Pozzetto B, Berthelot P. Nosocomial Meningitis due toStreptoccus salivariusLinked to the Oral Flora of an Anesthesiologist. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015; 34:331-2. [DOI: 10.1086/669517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cantais A, Mory O, Pillet S, Verhoeven PO, Bonneau J, Patural H, Pozzetto B. Epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital. J Clin Virol 2014; 60:402-7. [PMID: 24915939 PMCID: PMC7106426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Systematic antimicrobials are recommended in community-acquired pneumonia of child. A large panel of bacteria and viruses was detected in 85 children exhibiting CAP. More than 60% of children with CAP exhibited an exclusive viral infection. A co-infection with at least 2 viruses was observed in >40% of the children. Data suggest that the use of antimicrobials in child's CAP should be revisited.
Background The management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens. Objectives Evaluation of a diagnostic approach including multiplex PCR assays for revisiting the epidemiology and etiology of CAP in children at hospital. Study design Children of all ages consulting at the Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during the 2012–2013 winter period were included. In addition to bacterial cultures, the following pathogens were detected using biplex commercially-available rt-PCR tests: adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, coronavirus, influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumonia. Results From 85 patients with CAP, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%), including 4 bacterial exclusive infections (4.7%), 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%) and 24 mixed infections (28.2%). Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%). Mean age was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (P < 0.05). In the subgroup of viral exclusive infection, the mean age of severe cases was 2.0 years vs 3.8 years in mild and moderate cases (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings highlight the huge proportion of CAP of viral origin, the high number of co-infection by multiple viruses and the low number of bacterial CAP, notably in children under 5 years, and address the need to re-evaluate the indications of empiric antimicrobial treatment in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Cantais
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Olivier Mory
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Sylvie Pillet
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, EA3064, Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, EA3064, Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Julie Bonneau
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, EA3064, Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Hugues Patural
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne, CHU de Saint Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, EA3064, Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France.
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Verhoeven PO, Gagnaire J, Botelho-Nevers E, Grattard F, Carricajo A, Lucht F, Pozzetto B, Berthelot P. Detection and clinical relevance of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage: an update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2013; 12:75-89. [PMID: 24308709 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.859985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a well-defined risk factor of infection with this bacterium. The increased risk of S. aureus infection in nasal carriers is supported by the fact that the strains isolated from both colonization and infection sites are indistinguishable in most of the cases. Persistent nasal carriage seems to be associated with an increased risk of infection and this status could be defined now in clinical routine by using one or two quantitative nasal samples. There is evidence for supporting the detection of nasal carriage of S. aureus in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and in those undergoing hemodialysis in order to implement decolonization measures. More studies are needed to determine which carriers have the highest risk of infection and why decolonization strategies failed to reduce S. aureus infection in some other groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O Verhoeven
- GIMAP EA 3064 (Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes), University of Lyon, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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