1
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Veiga H, Jousselin A, Schäper S, Saraiva BM, Marques LB, Reed P, Wilton J, Pereira PM, Filipe SR, Pinho MG. Cell division protein FtsK coordinates bacterial chromosome segregation and daughter cell separation in Staphylococcus aureus. EMBO J 2023:e112140. [PMID: 37038972 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Unregulated cell cycle progression may have lethal consequences and therefore, bacteria have various mechanisms in place for the precise spatiotemporal control of cell cycle events. We have uncovered a new link between chromosome replication/segregation and splitting of the division septum. We show that the DNA translocase domain-containing divisome protein FtsK regulates cellular levels of a peptidoglycan hydrolase Sle1, which is involved in cell separation in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. FtsK interacts with a chaperone (trigger factor, TF) and establishes a FtsK-dependent TF concentration gradient that is higher in the septal region. Trigger factor binds Sle1 and promotes its preferential export at the septal region, while also preventing Sle1 degradation by the ClpXP proteolytic machinery. Upon conditions that lead to paused septum synthesis, such as DNA damage or impaired DNA replication/segregation, TF gradient is dissipated and Sle1 levels are reduced, thus halting premature septum splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Veiga
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ambre Jousselin
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Simon Schäper
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Saraiva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Leonor B Marques
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patricia Reed
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Wilton
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sérgio R Filipe
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana G Pinho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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2
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Gomes LJ, Carrilho JP, Pereira PM, Moro AJ. A Near InfraRed Emissive Chemosensor for Zn 2+ and Phosphate Derivatives Based on a Di-(2-picolyl)amine-styrylflavylium Push-Pull Fluorophore. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:471. [PMID: 36617069 PMCID: PMC9823994 DOI: 10.3390/s23010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new Near InfraRed (NIR) fluorescent chemosensor for metal ions and anions is herein presented. The fluorophore is based on a styrylflavylium dye, a synthetic analogue of the natural anthocyanin family, with a di-(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) moiety as the metal chelating unit. The substitution pattern of the styrylflavylium core (with tertiary amines on positions 7 and 4') shifts the optical properties of the dye towards the NIR region of the electronic spectra, due to a strong push-pull character over the π-conjugated system. The NIR chemosensor is highly sensitive to the presence of Zn2+, which induces a strong CHelation Enhanced Fluorescence (CHEF) effect upon binding to the DPA unit (2.7 fold increase). The strongest competing ion is Cu2+, with a complete fluorescence quenching, while other metals induce lower responses on the optical properties of the chemosensor. Subsequent anion screening of the Zn2+-chemosensor coordination compound has demonstrated a distinct selectivity towards adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), with high association constants (K ~ 106 M-1) and a strong CHEF effect (2.4 and 2.9 fold fluorescence increase for ATP and ADP, respectively). Intracellular studies with the Zn2+-complexed sensor showed strong luminescence in the cellular membrane of Gram- bacteria (E. coli) and mitochondrial membrane of mammalian cells (A659), which highlights its possible application for intracellular labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana J. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João P. Carrilho
- Intracelular Microbial Infection Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Pereira
- Intracelular Microbial Infection Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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3
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Schultz JR, Costa SK, Jachak GR, Hegde P, Zimmerman M, Pan Y, Josten M, Ejeh C, Hammerstad T, Sahl HG, Pereira PM, Pinho MG, Dartois V, Cheung A, Aldrich CC. Identification of 5-(Aryl/Heteroaryl)amino-4-quinolones as Potent Membrane-Disrupting Agents to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13910-13934. [PMID: 36219779 PMCID: PMC9826610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive organisms are on the rise, presumably due to a combination of factors including prolonged hospital exposure, increased use of invasive procedures, and pervasive antibiotic therapy. Although antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures are helpful, newer agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria are urgently needed. Here, we describe our efforts that led to the identification of 5-amino-4-quinolone 111 with exceptionally potent Gram-positive activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤0.06 μg/mL against numerous clinical isolates. Preliminary mechanism of action and resistance studies demonstrate that the 5-amino-4-quinolones are bacteriostatic, do not select for resistance, and selectively disrupt bacterial membranes. While the precise molecular mechanism has not been elucidated, the lead compound is nontoxic displaying a therapeutic index greater than 500, is devoid of hemolytic activity, and has attractive physicochemical properties (clog P = 3.8, molecular weight (MW) = 441) that warrant further investigation of this promising antibacterial scaffold for the treatment of Gram-positive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Schultz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen K Costa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Gorakhnath R Jachak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pooja Hegde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Yan Pan
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Michaele Josten
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Chinedu Ejeh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Travis Hammerstad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hans Georg Sahl
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- Bacterial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mariana G Pinho
- Bacterial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Ambrose Cheung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Courtney C Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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4
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Spahn C, Gómez-de-Mariscal E, Laine RF, Pereira PM, von Chamier L, Conduit M, Pinho MG, Jacquemet G, Holden S, Heilemann M, Henriques R. DeepBacs for multi-task bacterial image analysis using open-source deep learning approaches. Commun Biol 2022; 5:688. [PMID: 35810255 PMCID: PMC9271087 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates and guides how to use a range of state-of-the-art artificial neural-networks to analyse bacterial microscopy images using the recently developed ZeroCostDL4Mic platform. We generated a database of image datasets used to train networks for various image analysis tasks and present strategies for data acquisition and curation, as well as model training. We showcase different deep learning (DL) approaches for segmenting bright field and fluorescence images of different bacterial species, use object detection to classify different growth stages in time-lapse imaging data, and carry out DL-assisted phenotypic profiling of antibiotic-treated cells. To also demonstrate the ability of DL to enhance low-phototoxicity live-cell microscopy, we showcase how image denoising can allow researchers to attain high-fidelity data in faster and longer imaging. Finally, artificial labelling of cell membranes and predictions of super-resolution images allow for accurate mapping of cell shape and intracellular targets. Our purposefully-built database of training and testing data aids in novice users' training, enabling them to quickly explore how to analyse their data through DL. We hope this lays a fertile ground for the efficient application of DL in microbiology and fosters the creation of tools for bacterial cell biology and antibiotic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Spahn
- Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Romain F Laine
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Micrographia Bio, Translation and Innovation hub 84 Wood lane, W120BZ, London, UK
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lucas von Chamier
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mia Conduit
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE24AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana G Pinho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioimaging, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Séamus Holden
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE24AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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5
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Yuan Y, Jacobs CA, Llorente Garcia I, Pereira PM, Lawrence SP, Laine RF, Marsh M, Henriques R. Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Imaging of T-Cell Plasma Membrane CD4 Redistribution upon HIV-1 Binding. Viruses 2021; 13:142. [PMID: 33478139 PMCID: PMC7835772 DOI: 10.3390/v13010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step of cellular entry for the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) occurs through the binding of its envelope protein (Env) with the plasma membrane receptor CD4 and co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 on susceptible cells, primarily CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Although there is considerable knowledge of the molecular interactions between Env and host cell receptors that lead to successful fusion, the precise way in which HIV-1 receptors redistribute to sites of virus binding at the nanoscale remains unknown. Here, we quantitatively examine changes in the nanoscale organisation of CD4 on the surface of CD4+ T cells following HIV-1 binding. Using single-molecule super-resolution imaging, we show that CD4 molecules are distributed mostly as either individual molecules or small clusters of up to 4 molecules. Following virus binding, we observe a local 3-to-10-fold increase in cluster diameter and molecule number for virus-associated CD4 clusters. Moreover, a similar but smaller magnitude reorganisation of CD4 was also observed with recombinant gp120. For one of the first times, our results quantify the nanoscale CD4 reorganisation triggered by HIV-1 on host CD4+ T cells. Our quantitative approach provides a robust methodology for characterising the nanoscale organisation of plasma membrane receptors in general with the potential to link spatial organisation to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
| | - Caron A. Jacobs
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | | | - Pedro M. Pereira
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
- Bacterial Cell Biology, MOSTMICRO, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Scott P. Lawrence
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
| | - Romain F. Laine
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mark Marsh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.Y.); (C.A.J.); (P.M.P.); (S.P.L.)
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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6
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Moro AJ, Santos M, Outis M, Mateus P, Pereira PM. Selective Coordination of Cu 2+ and Subsequent Anion Detection Based on a Naphthalimide-Triazine-(DPA) 2 Chemosensor. Biosensors (Basel) 2020; 10:bios10090129. [PMID: 32971802 PMCID: PMC7558417 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorescent chemosensor for copper (II) and subsequent anion sensing was designed and fully characterized. The sensor consisted of a 1,8-naphthalimide core, bearing two terminal dipicolylamine (DPA) receptor units for binding metal cations, and an ethoxyethanol moiety for enhanced water solubility. The DPA units are connected to position 4 of the fluorophore via a triazine-ethylenediamine spacer. Fluorescence titration studies of the chemosensor revealed a high selectivity for Cu2+ over other divalent ions, the emissions were strongly quenched upon binding, and a stability constant of 5.52 log units was obtained. Given the distance from DPA chelating units and the fluorophore, quenching from the Cu2+ complexation suggests an electron transfer or an electronic energy transfer mechanism. Furthermore, the Cu2+-sensor complex proved to be capable of sensing anionic phosphate derivatives through the displacement of the Cu2+ cation, which translated into a full recovery of the luminescence from the naphthalimide. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy studies performed in HeLa cells showed there was a high intracellular uptake of the chemosensor. Incubation in Cu2+ spiked media revealed a strong fluorescent signal from mitochondria and cell membranes, which is consistent with a high concentration of ATP at these intracellular sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.O.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Mani Outis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Pedro Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.S.); (M.O.); (P.M.)
| | - Pedro M. Pereira
- Bacterial Cell Biology, MOSTMICRO, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
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7
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Pereira PM, Gustafsson N, Marsh M, Mhlanga MM, Henriques R. Super-beacons: Open-source probes with spontaneous tuneable blinking compatible with live-cell super-resolution microscopy. Traffic 2020; 21:375-385. [PMID: 32170988 PMCID: PMC7643006 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Localization-based super-resolution microscopy relies on the detection of individual molecules cycling between fluorescent and non-fluorescent states. These transitions are commonly regulated by high-intensity illumination, imposing constrains to imaging hardware and producing sample photodamage. Here, we propose single-molecule self-quenching as a mechanism to generate spontaneous photoswitching. To demonstrate this principle, we developed a new class of DNA-based open-source super-resolution probes named super-beacons, with photoswitching kinetics that can be tuned structurally, thermally and chemically. The potential of these probes for live-cell compatible super-resolution microscopy without high-illumination or toxic imaging buffers is revealed by imaging interferon inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) at sub-100 nm resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Pereira
- MRC‐Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Bacterial Cell BiologyMOSTMICRO, ITQB‐NOVAOeirasPortugal
| | - Nils Gustafsson
- MRC‐Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Department für Physik and CeNSLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Mark Marsh
- MRC‐Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Musa M. Mhlanga
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC‐Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
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8
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Laine RF, Tosheva KL, Gustafsson N, Gray RDM, Almada P, Albrecht D, Risa GT, Hurtig F, Lindås AC, Baum B, Mercer J, Leterrier C, Pereira PM, Culley S, Henriques R. NanoJ: a high-performance open-source super-resolution microscopy toolbox. J Phys D Appl Phys 2019; 52:163001. [PMID: 33191949 PMCID: PMC7655149 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has become essential for the study of nanoscale biological processes. This type of imaging often requires the use of specialised image analysis tools to process a large volume of recorded data and extract quantitative information. In recent years, our team has built an open-source image analysis framework for SRM designed to combine high performance and ease of use. We named it NanoJ-a reference to the popular ImageJ software it was developed for. In this paper, we highlight the current capabilities of NanoJ for several essential processing steps: spatio-temporal alignment of raw data (NanoJ-Core), super-resolution image reconstruction (NanoJ-SRRF), image quality assessment (NanoJ-SQUIRREL), structural modelling (NanoJ-VirusMapper) and control of the sample environment (NanoJ-Fluidics). We expect to expand NanoJ in the future through the development of new tools designed to improve quantitative data analysis and measure the reliability of fluorescent microscopy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain F Laine
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalina L Tosheva
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Gustafsson
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D M Gray
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematics and Physics in Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Almada
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Albrecht
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel T Risa
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Hurtig
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christin Lindås
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Mercer
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Leterrier
- CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology, NeuroCyto, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siân Culley
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Pereira PM, Albrecht D, Culley S, Jacobs C, Marsh M, Mercer J, Henriques R. Fix Your Membrane Receptor Imaging: Actin Cytoskeleton and CD4 Membrane Organization Disruption by Chemical Fixation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:675. [PMID: 31024536 PMCID: PMC6460894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) techniques allow near molecular scale resolution (~ 20 nm) as well as precise and robust analysis of protein organization at different scales. SMLM hardware, analytics and probes have been the focus of a variety of studies and are now commonly used in laboratories across the world. Protocol reliability and artifact identification are increasingly seen as important aspects of super-resolution microscopy. The reliability of these approaches thus requires in-depth evaluation so that biological findings are based on solid foundations. Here we explore how different fixation approaches that disrupt or preserve the actin cytoskeleton affect membrane protein organization. Using CD4 as a model, we show that fixation-mediated disruption of the actin cytoskeleton correlates with changes in CD4 membrane organization. We highlight how these artifacts are easy to overlook and how careful sample preparation is essential for extracting meaningful results from super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Pereira
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Albrecht
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siân Culley
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caron Jacobs
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Marsh
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Mercer
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Almada P, Pereira PM, Culley S, Caillol G, Boroni-Rueda F, Dix CL, Charras G, Baum B, Laine RF, Leterrier C, Henriques R. Automating multimodal microscopy with NanoJ-Fluidics. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 30874553 DOI: 10.1101/320416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining and multiplexing microscopy approaches is crucial to understand cellular events, but requires elaborate workflows. Here, we present a robust, open-source approach for treating, labelling and imaging live or fixed cells in automated sequences. NanoJ-Fluidics is based on low-cost Lego hardware controlled by ImageJ-based software, making high-content, multimodal imaging easy to implement on any microscope with high reproducibility. We demonstrate its capacity on event-driven, super-resolved live-to-fixed and multiplexed STORM/DNA-PAINT experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Almada
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Siân Culley
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ghislaine Caillol
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, 13015, France
| | - Fanny Boroni-Rueda
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, 13015, France
| | - Christina L Dix
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Romain F Laine
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Christophe Leterrier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, 13015, France.
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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11
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Almada P, Pereira PM, Culley S, Caillol G, Boroni-Rueda F, Dix CL, Charras G, Baum B, Laine RF, Leterrier C, Henriques R. Automating multimodal microscopy with NanoJ-Fluidics. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1223. [PMID: 30874553 PMCID: PMC6420627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining and multiplexing microscopy approaches is crucial to understand cellular events, but requires elaborate workflows. Here, we present a robust, open-source approach for treating, labelling and imaging live or fixed cells in automated sequences. NanoJ-Fluidics is based on low-cost Lego hardware controlled by ImageJ-based software, making high-content, multimodal imaging easy to implement on any microscope with high reproducibility. We demonstrate its capacity on event-driven, super-resolved live-to-fixed and multiplexed STORM/DNA-PAINT experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Almada
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Siân Culley
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ghislaine Caillol
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, 13015, France
| | - Fanny Boroni-Rueda
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, 13015, France
| | - Christina L Dix
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Romain F Laine
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Christophe Leterrier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INP UMR7051, NeuroCyto, Marseille, 13015, France.
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC-Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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12
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Bricogne C, Fine M, Pereira PM, Sung J, Tijani M, Wang Y, Henriques R, Collins MK, Hilgemann DW. TMEM16F activation by Ca 2+ triggers plasma membrane expansion and directs PD-1 trafficking. Sci Rep 2019; 9:619. [PMID: 30679690 PMCID: PMC6345885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM16F is a Ca2+ -gated ion channel that is required for Ca2+ -activated phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of many eukaryotic cells. TMEM16F is widely expressed and has roles in platelet activation during blood clotting, bone formation and T cell activation. By combining microscopy and patch clamp recording we demonstrate that activation of TMEM16F by Ca2+ ionophores in Jurkat T cells triggers large-scale surface membrane expansion in parallel with phospholipid scrambling. With continued ionophore application,TMEM16F-expressing cells then undergo extensive shedding of ectosomes. The T cell co-receptor PD-1 is selectively incorporated into ectosomes. This selectivity depends on its transmembrane sequence. Surprisingly, cells lacking TMEM16F not only fail to expand surface membrane in response to elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+, but instead undergo rapid massive endocytosis with PD-1 internalisation. These results establish a new role for TMEM16F as a regulator of Ca2+ activated membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Fine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower St, London, UK
| | - Julia Sung
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Maha Tijani
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts, UK
| | - Youxue Wang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower St, London, UK
| | - Mary K Collins
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Gower St, London, UK.
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts, UK.
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Donald W Hilgemann
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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13
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Barroso MES, Oliveira BG, Pimentel EF, Pereira PM, Ruas FG, Andrade TU, Lenz D, Scherer R, Fronza M, Ventura JA, Vaz BG, Kondratyuk TP, Romão W, Endringer DC. Phytochemical profile of genotypes of Euterpe edulis Martius - Juçara palm fruits. Food Res Int 2018; 116:985-993. [PMID: 30717031 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis) has received attention due to its similarities to Euterpe oleracea (Açaí). The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacities and chemopreventive activities of the fruit pulps of six populations of E. edulis (J1-J6) and one population of E. espiritosantense from different ecological regions. ESI(-)-FT-ICR-MS was used to evaluate the pulp composition. The varieties J1 and J4 presented higher polyphenol contents, while J2 and J5 showed higher anthocyanin contents. ESI-FT-ICR MS identified cyanidin-3-rutinoside (J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J7), protocatechuic acid, methylhydroxybenzoate hexoside and rutin (J1 to J7) and malvidin-glicoside (J2 to J5). The J2, J3, J4, J5 and J6 samples inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The chemoprevention biomarker quinone reductase was significantly induced by J6. Pulp from plants J3, J4, J6 and J7 significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and J6 was selected as having the most potential for cultivation and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E S Barroso
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Bruno G Oliveira
- Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Elisângela F Pimentel
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, R. Afonso Sarlo, 160 - Bento Ferreira, Vitoria, ES 29052-010, Brazil
| | - Fabiana G Ruas
- Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, R. Afonso Sarlo, 160 - Bento Ferreira, Vitoria, ES 29052-010, Brazil
| | - Tadeu U Andrade
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dominik Lenz
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Fronza
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - José A Ventura
- Capixaba Institute for Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, R. Afonso Sarlo, 160 - Bento Ferreira, Vitoria, ES 29052-010, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Chemistry Institute, Avenida Esperança, s/n Campus Universitário, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Tamara P Kondratyuk
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, HI, USA
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; Federal Instituto of Espírito Santo, Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, Soteco, Vila Velha, ES 29106-010, Brazil
| | - Denise C Endringer
- Universidade Vila Velha, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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14
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Clough B, Wright JD, Pereira PM, Hirst EM, Johnston AC, Henriques R, Frickel EM. K63-Linked Ubiquitination Targets Toxoplasma gondii for Endo-lysosomal Destruction in IFNγ-Stimulated Human Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006027. [PMID: 27875583 PMCID: PMC5119857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the most common protozoan parasitic infection in man. Gamma interferon (IFNγ) activates haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells to kill the parasite and mediate host resistance. IFNγ-driven host resistance pathways and parasitic virulence factors are well described in mice, but a detailed understanding of pathways that kill Toxoplasma in human cells is lacking. Here we show, that contrary to the widely held belief that the Toxoplasma vacuole is non-fusogenic, in an immune-stimulated environment, the vacuole of type II Toxoplasma in human cells is able to fuse with the host endo-lysosomal machinery leading to parasite death by acidification. Similar to murine cells, we find that type II, but not type I Toxoplasma vacuoles are targeted by K63-linked ubiquitin in an IFNγ-dependent manner in non-haematopoetic primary-like human endothelial cells. Host defence proteins p62 and NDP52 are subsequently recruited to the type II vacuole in distinct, overlapping microdomains with a loss of IFNγ-dependent restriction in p62 knocked down cells. Autophagy proteins Atg16L1, GABARAP and LC3B are recruited to <10% of parasite vacuoles and show no parasite strain preference, which is consistent with inhibition and enhancement of autophagy showing no effect on parasite replication. We demonstrate that this differs from HeLa human epithelial cells, where type II Toxoplasma are restricted by non-canonical autophagy leading to growth stunting that is independent of lysosomal acidification. In contrast to mouse cells, human vacuoles do not break. In HUVEC, the ubiquitinated vacuoles are targeted for destruction in acidified LAMP1-positive endo-lysosomal compartments. Consequently, parasite death can be prevented by inhibiting host ubiquitination and endosomal acidification. Thus, K63-linked ubiquitin recognition leading to vacuolar endo-lysosomal fusion and acidification is an important, novel virulence-driven Toxoplasma human host defence pathway. Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that can invade nucleated cells of any warm-blooded animal into a compartment known as a parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The production of gamma interferon (IFNγ) drives the restriction and killing of Toxoplasma. It is not fully known how the parasite inside the PV is eliminated in human cells, although its fate depends on the cell type into which it invades. In IFNγ-stimulated epithelial HeLa cells for instance growth of type II parasites is restricted 24h post-infection by employing the cellular autophagy pathway. Distinctly, we show here that in human endothelial cells the parasite is destroyed by fusion of the PV with the cell’s endo-lysosomal pathway as early as 6h post-infection. This process, which is at odds with the normally non-fusogenic nature of the PV, is dependent on IFNγ. Parasite death follows Lysine63-linked ubiquitination of the PV and is specific to type II Toxoplasma. Our results demonstrate for the first time that vacuolar acidification leading to parasite death is central to controlling infection by Toxoplasma in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Clough
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph D. Wright
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro M. Pereira
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. Hirst
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh C. Johnston
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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15
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Loskill P, Pereira PM, Jung P, Bischoff M, Herrmann M, Pinho MG, Jacobs K. Reduction of the peptidoglycan crosslinking causes a decrease in stiffness of the Staphylococcus aureus cell envelope. Biophys J 2015; 107:1082-1089. [PMID: 25185544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used atomic-force microscopy (AFM) to probe the effect of peptidoglycan crosslinking reduction on the elasticity of the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall, which is of particular interest as a target for antimicrobial chemotherapy. Penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP4) is a nonessential transpeptidase, required for the high levels of peptidoglycan crosslinking characteristic of S. aureus. Importantly, this protein is essential for β-lactam resistance in community-acquired, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains but not in hospital-acquired MRSA strains. Using AFM in a new mode for recording force/distance curves, we observed that the absence of PBP4, and the concomitant reduction of the peptidoglycan crosslinking, resulted in a reduction in stiffness of the S. aureus cell wall. Importantly, the reduction in cell wall stiffness in the absence of PBP4 was observed both in community-acquired and hospital-acquired MRSA strains, indicating that high levels of peptidoglycan crosslinking modulate the overall structure and mechanical properties of the S. aureus cell envelope in both types of clinically relevant strains. Additionally, we were able to show that the applied method enables the separation of cell wall properties and turgor pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Loskill
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Philipp Jung
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mathias Herrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mariana G Pinho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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16
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Monteiro JM, Fernandes PB, Vaz F, Pereira AR, Tavares AC, Ferreira MT, Pereira PM, Veiga H, Kuru E, VanNieuwenhze MS, Brun YV, Filipe SR, Pinho MG. Cell shape dynamics during the staphylococcal cell cycle. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8055. [PMID: 26278781 PMCID: PMC4557339 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an aggressive pathogen and a model organism to study cell division in sequential orthogonal planes in spherical bacteria. However, the small size of staphylococcal cells has impaired analysis of changes in morphology during the cell cycle. Here we use super-resolution microscopy and determine that S. aureus cells are not spherical throughout the cell cycle, but elongate during specific time windows, through peptidoglycan synthesis and remodelling. Both peptidoglycan hydrolysis and turgor pressure are required during division for reshaping the flat division septum into a curved surface. In this process, the septum generates less than one hemisphere of each daughter cell, a trait we show is common to other cocci. Therefore, cell surface scars of previous divisions do not divide the cells in quadrants, generating asymmetry in the daughter cells. Our results introduce a need to reassess the models for division plane selection in cocci. Staphylococci are spherical bacteria that divide in sequential orthogonal planes. Here, the authors use super-resolution microscopy to show that staphylococcal cells elongate before dividing, and that the division septum generates less than one hemisphere of each daughter cell, generating asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Monteiro
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro B Fernandes
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipa Vaz
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Surfaces and Pathogenesis, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana R Pereira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Tavares
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria T Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Pereira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Veiga
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Erkin Kuru
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA [2] Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | - Yves V Brun
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Sérgio R Filipe
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Surfaces and Pathogenesis, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mariana G Pinho
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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17
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Reed P, Atilano ML, Alves R, Hoiczyk E, Sher X, Reichmann NT, Pereira PM, Roemer T, Filipe SR, Pereira-Leal JB, Ligoxygakis P, Pinho MG. Staphylococcus aureus Survives with a Minimal Peptidoglycan Synthesis Machine but Sacrifices Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004891. [PMID: 25951442 PMCID: PMC4423922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many important cellular processes are performed by molecular machines, composed of multiple proteins that physically interact to execute biological functions. An example is the bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis machine, responsible for the synthesis of the main component of the cell wall and the target of many contemporary antibiotics. One approach for the identification of essential components of a cellular machine involves the determination of its minimal protein composition. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen, renowned for its resistance to many commonly used antibiotics and prevalence in hospitals. Its genome encodes a low number of proteins with PG synthesis activity (9 proteins), when compared to other model organisms, and is therefore a good model for the study of a minimal PG synthesis machine. We deleted seven of the nine genes encoding PG synthesis enzymes from the S. aureus genome without affecting normal growth or cell morphology, generating a strain capable of PG biosynthesis catalyzed only by two penicillin-binding proteins, PBP1 and the bi-functional PBP2. However, multiple PBPs are important in clinically relevant environments, as bacteria with a minimal PG synthesis machinery became highly susceptible to cell wall-targeting antibiotics, host lytic enzymes and displayed impaired virulence in a Drosophila infection model which is dependent on the presence of specific peptidoglycan receptor proteins, namely PGRP-SA. The fact that S. aureus can grow and divide with only two active PG synthesizing enzymes shows that most of these enzymes are redundant in vitro and identifies the minimal PG synthesis machinery of S. aureus. However a complex molecular machine is important in environments other than in vitro growth as the expendable PG synthesis enzymes play an important role in the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus. Peptidoglycan forms the stress-bearing sacculus that prevents lysis of bacteria due to turgor pressure. The integrity of peptidoglycan is therefore essential for bacterial survival and its synthesis is the target of many important antibiotics, such as penicillin. The final steps of peptidoglycan synthesis are catalyzed by penicillin-binding proteins, enzymes that are proposed to work in multi-enzyme complexes. We show that seven of the nine genes encoding peptidoglycan synthesis enzymes can be deleted from the Staphylococcus aureus genome without affecting normal growth and cell morphology in vitro, identifying the minimal peptidoglycan synthesis machinery of this organism. Identification of minimal machineries is key for synthetic biology efforts towards the design of systems with reduced complexity. However, the non-essential peptidoglycan synthetic proteins are important for survival of S. aureus in more challenging environments, such as in the presence of antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis or within the host, as shown by the inability of the mutant strain to establish a successful infection and kill Drosophila flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Reed
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Magda L. Atilano
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Surface and Pathogenesis, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Genes and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Renato Alves
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Egbert Hoiczyk
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The University of Sheffield, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Xinwei Sher
- Merck Research Laboratories IT, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nathalie T. Reichmann
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Pereira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Terry Roemer
- Infectious Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sérgio R. Filipe
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Surface and Pathogenesis, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Petros Ligoxygakis
- Laboratory of Genes and Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana G. Pinho
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
Super-resolution (SR) methodologies permit the visualization of cellular structures at near-molecular scale (1-30 nm), enabling novel mechanistic analysis of key events in cell biology not resolvable by conventional fluorescence imaging (∼300-nm resolution). When this level of detail is combined with computing power and fast and reliable analysis software, high-content screenings using SR becomes a practical option to address multiple biological questions. The importance of combining these powerful analytical techniques cannot be ignored, as they can address phenotypic changes on the molecular scale and in a statistically robust manner. In this work, we suggest an easy-to-implement protocol that can be applied to set up a high-content 3D SR experiment with user-friendly and freely available software. The protocol can be divided into two main parts: chamber and sample preparation, where a protocol to set up a direct STORM (dSTORM) sample is presented; and a second part where a protocol for image acquisition and analysis is described. We intend to take the reader step-by-step through the experimental process highlighting possible experimental bottlenecks and possible improvements based on recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Pereira
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pedro Almada
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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19
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Mann PA, Müller A, Xiao L, Pereira PM, Yang C, Ho Lee S, Wang H, Trzeciak J, Schneeweis J, dos Santos MM, Murgolo N, She X, Gill C, Balibar CJ, Labroli M, Su J, Flattery A, Sherborne B, Maier R, Tan CM, Black T, Önder K, Kargman S, Monsma FJ, Pinho MG, Schneider T, Roemer T. Murgocil is a highly bioactive staphylococcal-specific inhibitor of the peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase enzyme MurG. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2442-51. [PMID: 23957438 DOI: 10.1021/cb400487f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Modern medicine is founded on the discovery of penicillin and subsequent small molecules that inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) and cell wall synthesis. However, the discovery of new chemically and mechanistically distinct classes of PG inhibitors has become exceedingly rare, prompting speculation that intracellular enzymes involved in PG precursor synthesis are not 'druggable' targets. Here, we describe a β-lactam potentiation screen to identify small molecules that augment the activity of β-lactams against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and mechanistically characterize a compound resulting from this screen, which we have named murgocil. We provide extensive genetic, biochemical, and structural modeling data demonstrating both in vitro and in whole cells that murgocil specifically inhibits the intracellular membrane-associated glycosyltransferase, MurG, which synthesizes the lipid II PG substrate that penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) polymerize and cross-link into the cell wall. Further, we demonstrate that the chemical synergy and cidality achieved between murgocil and the β-lactam imipenem is mediated through MurG dependent localization of PBP2 to the division septum. Collectively, these data validate our approach to rationally identify new target-specific bioactive β-lactam potentiation agents and demonstrate that murgocil now serves as a highly selective and potent chemical probe to assist our understanding of PG biosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis across Staphylococcal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Mann
- Infectious
Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Anna Müller
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology—Pharmaceutical
Microbiology Section, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Li Xiao
- Computational
Chemistry, Global Structure Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Pedro M. Pereira
- Laboratory
of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christine Yang
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sang Ho Lee
- Infectious
Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Infectious
Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joanna Trzeciak
- Infectious
Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jonathan Schneeweis
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Margarida Moreira dos Santos
- Laboratory
of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nicholas Murgolo
- Research
Solutions, Bioinformatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xinwei She
- Informatics
IT, Merck Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02110, United States
| | - Charles Gill
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Carl J. Balibar
- Infectious
Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Marc Labroli
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Amy Flattery
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brad Sherborne
- Computational
Chemistry, Global Structure Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Richard Maier
- Procomcure Biotech GmbH, Krems a.d. Donau, Austria
- Division of Molecular
Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christopher M. Tan
- Infectious
Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Todd Black
- Infectious
Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kamil Önder
- Procomcure Biotech GmbH, Krems a.d. Donau, Austria
- Division of Molecular
Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stacia Kargman
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Frederick J Monsma
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mariana G. Pinho
- Laboratory
of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tanja Schneider
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology—Pharmaceutical
Microbiology Section, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site
Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Terry Roemer
- Infectious
Disease Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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20
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Farha MA, Leung A, Sewell EW, D’Elia MA, Allison SE, Ejim L, Pereira PM, Pinho MG, Wright GD, Brown ED. Inhibition of WTA synthesis blocks the cooperative action of PBPs and sensitizes MRSA to β-lactams. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:226-33. [PMID: 23062620 PMCID: PMC3552485 DOI: 10.1021/cb300413m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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Rising drug resistance is limiting treatment options
for infections
by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Herein we provide new evidence that wall teichoic acid (WTA) biogenesis
is a remarkable antibacterial target with the capacity to destabilize
the cooperative action of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that
underlie β-lactam resistance in MRSA. Deletion of gene tarO, encoding the first step of WTA synthesis, resulted
in the restoration of sensitivity of MRSA to a unique profile of β-lactam
antibiotics with a known selectivity for penicillin binding protein
2 (PBP2). Of these, cefuroxime was used as a probe to screen for previously
approved drugs with a cryptic capacity to potentiate its activity
against MRSA. Ticlopidine, the antiplatelet drug Ticlid, strongly
potentiated cefuroxime, and this synergy was abolished in strains
lacking tarO. The combination was also effective
in a Galleria mellonella model of infection. Using
both genetic and biochemical strategies, we determined the molecular
target of ticlopidine as the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate
transferase encoded in gene tarO and provide evidence
that WTA biogenesis represents an Achilles heel supporting the cooperative
function of PBP2 and PBP4 in creating highly cross-linked muropeptides
in the peptidoglycan of S. aureus. This approach
represents a new paradigm to tackle MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A. Farha
- M. G. DeGroote
Institute for
Infectious Disease Research and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Alexander Leung
- M. G. DeGroote
Institute for
Infectious Disease Research and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Edward W. Sewell
- M. G. DeGroote
Institute for
Infectious Disease Research and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Michael A. D’Elia
- M. G. DeGroote
Institute for
Infectious Disease Research and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Sarah E. Allison
- M. G. DeGroote
Institute for
Infectious Disease Research and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Linda Ejim
- M. G. DeGroote
Institute for
Infectious Disease Research and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Pedro M. Pereira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell
Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Mariana G. Pinho
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell
Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gerard D. Wright
- M. G. DeGroote
Institute for
Infectious Disease Research and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | - Eric D. Brown
- M. G. DeGroote
Institute for
Infectious Disease Research and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5
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21
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Tan CM, Therien AG, Lu J, Lee SH, Caron A, Gill CJ, Lebeau-Jacob C, Benton-Perdomo L, Monteiro JM, Pereira PM, Elsen NL, Wu J, Deschamps K, Petcu M, Wong S, Daigneault E, Kramer S, Liang L, Maxwell E, Claveau D, Vaillancourt J, Skorey K, Tam J, Wang H, Meredith TC, Sillaots S, Wang-Jarantow L, Ramtohul Y, Langlois E, Landry F, Reid JC, Parthasarathy G, Sharma S, Baryshnikova A, Lumb KJ, Pinho MG, Soisson SM, Roemer T. Restoring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:126ra35. [PMID: 22440737 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the need for new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria, current clinical combinations are largely restricted to β-lactam antibiotics paired with β-lactamase inhibitors. We have adapted a Staphylococcus aureus antisense knockdown strategy to genetically identify the cell division Z ring components-FtsA, FtsZ, and FtsW-as β-lactam susceptibility determinants of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We demonstrate that the FtsZ-specific inhibitor PC190723 acts synergistically with β-lactam antibiotics in vitro and in vivo and that this combination is efficacious in a murine model of MRSA infection. Fluorescence microscopy localization studies reveal that synergy between these agents is likely to be elicited by the concomitant delocalization of their cognate drug targets (FtsZ and PBP2) in MRSA treated with PC190723. A 2.0 Å crystal structure of S. aureus FtsZ in complex with PC190723 identifies the compound binding site, which corresponds to the predominant location of mutations conferring resistance to PC190723 (PC190723(R)). Although structural studies suggested that these drug resistance mutations may be difficult to combat through chemical modification of PC190723, combining PC190723 with the β-lactam antibiotic imipenem markedly reduced the spontaneous frequency of PC190723(R) mutants. Multiple MRSA PC190723(R) FtsZ mutants also displayed attenuated virulence and restored susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics in vitro and in a mouse model of imipenem efficacy. Collectively, these data support a target-based approach to rationally develop synergistic combination agents that mitigate drug resistance and effectively treat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Tan
- Infectious Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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22
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Abstract
Objective: 1) Demonstrate that preoperative diffusion tensor (DT) tractography can predict the displacement of the facial nerve in the vicinity of vestibular schwannomas. 2) Demonstrate that the course of the constructed tract consistently agreed with the surgical findings in most of the cases. Method: Prospective study of 15 patients undergoing surgical removal of vestibular schwannomas. The course of the facial nerve, determined preoperatively by diffusion tensor tractography using the method of Taoka et al was compared with the course of the nerve determined intraoperatively by microscopic inspection and using facial nerve monitoring equipment. Results: The displaced facial nerve was identified in 14 patients by diffusion tensor tractography in axial and coronal T1 post-gadolinium and equivalent tractography images. In 13 patients there was a precise correspondence between the course of the nerve determined preoperatively by diffusion tensor tractography and the course of the nerve found at surgery. In 1 patient the facial nerve was found anterior/cranial to the tumor while tractography seemed to depict an anterior/caudal course. Conclusion: Diffusion tension tractography of the facial nerve is a feasible technique that can consistently predict the displacement of the facial nerve in the vicinity of vestibular schwannomas. The technique can be used preoperatively to lower the risk of facial nerve injury during acoustic neuroma surgery.
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23
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Pereira PM, Filipe SR, Tomasz A, Pinho MG. Fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy shows decreased access of vancomycin to cell wall synthetic sites in vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3627-33. [PMID: 17646417 PMCID: PMC2043281 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00431-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method of fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy was used to compare the in vivo binding capacity and the access of a fluorescent derivative of vancomycin to the cell wall synthetic sites in isogenic pairs of vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant laboratory mutants and vancomycin-intermediate and -susceptible clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Live cells of resistant strains were found to bind approximately 1.5 times more antibiotic, but there was no correlation between the increased binding capacity and the MICs of the strains. In both susceptible and resistant bacteria, the subcellular sites of wall synthesis were localized to the division septa, but the rate of diffusion of drug molecules to these sites was reduced in resistant cells. The findings allow a reinterpretation of the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in which the path of vancomycin to its lethal target (lipid II) is considered to be through the division septum and therefore is dependent on the stage of the staphylococcal cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Pereira
- Laboratory of Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Av da Republica, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
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25
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Cendon SP, Battlehner C, Lorenzi Filho G, Dohlnikoff M, Pereira PM, Conceição GM, Beppu OS, Saldiva PH. Pulmonary emphysema induced by passive smoking: an experimental study in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:1241-7. [PMID: 9496445 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997001000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a short time model for inducing experimental emphysema in rats by chronic tobacco smoke inhalation. Three groups of male Wistar rats (6 months old) were studied: controls (N = 8), rats intoxicated for 45 days (s-45, N = 7) or for 90 days (s-90, N = 8). The exposed animals were intoxicated 3 times a day (10 cigarettes per exposure period), 5 days a week. Pulmonary damage was assessed by means of functional tests and quantitative pathological examination of the airways and lung parenchyma. The s-45 and s-90 animals were similar in terms of functional residual capacity (FRC) corrected for body weight (FRC/kg) but both groups of smoking rats exhibited significantly higher FRC/kg values than the controls (s-45 = 6.33; s-90 = 6.46; controls = 3.78; P < 0.05). When the two groups of smoking rats were pooled together and compared to controls, they showed decreased lung elastance (1.6 vs 2.19; P = 0.046) and increased mean linear intercept (Lm) (85.14 vs 66.44; P = 0.025). The s-90 animals presented higher inflammation and muscular hypertrophy at the level of the axial bronchus than the controls (P < 0.05). When smoking groups were pooled and compared to controls, they presented significantly higher inflammation at the lateral level (P = 0.028), as well as airway secretory hyperplasia (P = 0.024) and smooth muscle hypertrophy (P = 0.005) at the axial level. Due to its simplicity, low cost and short duration, this technique may be a useful model to obtain new information about airspace remodeling due to chronic tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Cendon
- Disciplina de Pneumologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
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26
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Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Pereira PM, Yamashiro-Kanashiro E, Duarte MI, Assis CM, Geraldes EA, Saldiva PH. Lung tissue mechanics in the early stages of induced paracoccidioidomycosis in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:1175-9. [PMID: 9496434 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997001000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary dysfunction represents the most important cause of death in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (PBM). In order to investigate the functional changes of the lungs in the early stages of PBM, a model of benign disease was developed by intratracheal challenge of 12-week old isogenic Wistar rats with 1 x 10(6) yeast forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Animals were studied 30 and 60 days after infection, when fully developed granulomas were demonstrable in the lungs. Measurements of airway resistance, lung elastance and tissue hysteresis were made during sinusoidal deformations (100 breaths/min, tidal volume = 2 ml) with direct measurement of alveolar pressure using the alveolar capsule technique. Infection caused a significant increase in hysteresis (infected: 1.69, N = 13; control: 1.13, N = 12, P = 0.024, ANOVA), with no alterations in airway resistance or lung elastance. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of fully developed granulomas located in the axial compartment of the lung interstitial space. These results suggest that alterations of tissue mechanics represent an early event in experimental PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Shikanai-Yasuda
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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27
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Milani Júnior R, Pereira PM, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva PH, Martins MA. Respiratory mechanics and lung morphometry in severe pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury in rats. Crit Care Med 1995; 23:1882-9. [PMID: 7587265 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199511000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and study an experimental model for severe pancreatitis-associated lung injury. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING University pulmonary laboratory. SUBJECTS Seventy-eight male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS Pancreatitis was induced by taurocholate injection into the pancreatic duct. Data were compared with data from sham-operated animals. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pulmonary mechanical measurements were performed in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated rats. Alveolar pressure was obtained by the alveolar capsule technique. Lungs were fixed at functional residual capacity by immersion in liquid nitrogen and were submitted to morphometric studies. Dynamic pulmonary elastance was found to be increased in the acute pancreatitis group (2.25 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.62 +/- 0.10 cm H2O/mL [p < .05]). Morphometric signs of distal airway contraction and vasoconstriction were observed. Increased intraalveolar edema rate (55.6 +/- 12.7% vs. 22.6 +/- 9.6% [p < .001]) was detected in the animals with acute pancreatitis. A high degree of pulmonary unevenness and polymorphonuclear infiltration were also detected in the lungs of the acute pancreatitis animals. CONCLUSIONS In this severe pancreatitis-associated lung injury model, the mechanical and morphologic alterations were similar to those alterations observed in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. This model may prove to be a useful tool to investigate mechanisms and mediators of the respiratory failure induced by acute pancreatitis and other forms of adult respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Milani Júnior
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Sakae RS, Leme AS, Dolhnikoff M, Pereira PM, do Patrocínio M, Warth TN, Zin WA, Saldiva PH, Martins MA. Neonatal capsaicin treatment decreases airway and pulmonary tissue responsiveness to methacholine. Am J Physiol 1994; 266:L23-9. [PMID: 7508200 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1994.266.1.l23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of selective depletion of neurokinins in sensory nerve fibers by capsaicin treatment on the airway and pulmonary tissue responses to methacholine. Dose-response curves to aerosolized methacholine were performed on anesthetized and mechanically ventilated Wistar rats. Capsaicin (50 mg/kg sc) was administered to 2-day-old rats, and the animals were studied after 12 wk. The response to each dose of methacholine was determined by measuring changes in airway resistance (R(aw)), dynamic pulmonary elastance (Edyn), and pulmonary tissue resistance (Rtis). We calculated sensitivity (Kx) as the concentration of methacholine required for a one-half maximal response and reactivity as the relationship between the maximum response and Kx. Capsaicin treatment resulted in significantly greater values of Kx and lower values of reactivity for R(aw), Edyn, and Rtis compared with control rats. Morphometric analysis of airways showed similar values of the area occupied by smooth muscle but a significantly lower (P < 0.02) area of airway epithelium in capsaicin-treated rats. Our results suggest that methacholine requires capsaicin-sensitive nerves for part of its airway and lung tissue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Sakae
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Durante o ano de 1988 foi realizada uma campanha de âmbito nacional com o objetivo de informar a população brasileira sobre o preparo e utilização do soro caseiro (solução sal/açúcar para reidratação oral). A campanha foi intensivamente divulgada pelos meios de comunicação de massa. Este estudo preliminar avaliou a qualidade do soro caseiro preparado por 23 mães de crianças internadas num hospital pediátrico de Salvador, Bahia. Catorze (60,9%) dentre as 23 mães prepararam soluções, contendo concentrações de Na na faixa de 30-80mmol/L, recomendada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Onze (47,8%) soluções continham glicose dentro da faixa recomendada, de 30-112 mmol/L. Apenas seis (26%) das 23 mães prepararam soluções com concentrações adequadas de Na e glicose simultaneamente e, destas, somente três (13%) apresentavam, também, balanço adequado das concentrações dos eletrólitos. Características potencialmente iatrogênicas devido a elevadas concentrações de Na e glicose foram encontradas em 30,4% e em 43,5% das soluções, respectivamente. Os resultados revelam grande dificuldade das mães em preparar o soro caseiro com características adequadas para sua utilização numa campanha de controle da diarréia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Carvalho
- Depto. Medicine Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Bahia, Salvador
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