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Lee PY, Md Azhan FS, Low TY. Biomarkers for colorectal cancer chemotherapy: Recent updates and future perspective. Malays J Pathol 2023; 45:317-331. [PMID: 38155375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, the treatment options available for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have undergone continuous improvements, transitioning from conventional chemotherapy to targeted therapy. These therapeutic innovations have led to significant improvements in patient clinical outcomes. However, there remains a need to improve the outcome for many CRC patients. Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of CRC treatment, but the wide variability in tumour response and adverse reactions to chemotherapy poses a challenge to cancer treatment management. As a result, there is an unmet need to identify predictive biomarkers of chemotherapeutic response to guide treatment decisions. In this review, we summarise the conventional biomarkers used to predict chemotherapy responses in CRC and provide an overview of emerging predictive biomarkers based on the current understanding of the molecular biology of treatment response. Finally, we explore the challenges and future prospects of biomarker discovery to improve the prediction of patient response and ensure optimal treatment management for patients with metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F S Md Azhan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Y Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chang TF, Lee PY, Wang YJ. Determining the Ideal Time for Implementing Adaptive Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer through the Analysis of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e10. [PMID: 37784623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Radiotherapy (RT) has an important role in the management of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) but is also challenging due to treatment uncertainties. Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) is a possible solution that is widely used but varied with limited consensus. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is frequently used during the treatment process to confirm the accuracy of the treatment location and the changes in the tumor during treatment can be observed also from CBCT images. We collected the characteristics of patients and analysis the changes of tumor volumes from weekly CBCT images and try to predict the optimal timing for ART in modern RT. MATERIALS/METHODS LA-NSCLC patients treated with definitive chemo-radiotherapy by volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were enrolled in this study. CBCT images during treatment in the second, fourth, and sixth weeks were collected and the region of interest (ROI) was contoured by the same experienced radiation physician. The image segmentation and processing were done using a programming environment. The change in tumor volume during mid-treatment and at the end of treatment were calculated and the regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of tumor volume changes during treatment course. RESULTS Since 2018 to 2021, total 20 LA-NSCLC patients treated with definitive chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) were enrolled in this study. There are 17 males and 3 females, respectively with an average age of 67 years. All patients received chemotherapy and a radiation therapy prescriptive dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions to a planning target volume (PTV). Totally 1,760 image slices were analyzed. The average tumor volume before treatment in patients who underwent ART or without ART was 273.84 cm3 and 132.84 cm3 respectively. The median tumor volume changes were 15.04%, 35.68%, and 55.37% at 2,4, and 6 weeks, respectively. Patients who achieved a tumor volume reduction of more than 40% in the fourth week had a better final tumor reduction outcome than those who did not meet this volume reduction goal. However, no significant difference was found in the change in tumor volume from the fourth to the sixth week. CONCLUSION This study suggests that monitoring tumor volume changes during the first half of treatment using CBCT images may be an effective way to predict the final tumor reduction outcome in patients with LA-NSCLC undergoing adaptive radiation therapy (ART) in a modern CCRT treatment setting. Specifically, the study found that a tumor volume reduction of more than 40% in the fourth week may predict a better final tumor reduction outcome. Based on this finding, the study suggests that redesigning the treatment plan based on the change in tumor volume during the first half of treatment may improve the final tumor reduction effect in patients with NSCLC undergoing ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - P Y Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Y J Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Cheng WC, Wang SY, Lee PY. Effects of a Multiple-Intervention Program on the Depressive Tendencies, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction of Older Adults in Taiwan. J Community Health Nurs 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37029620 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2023.2197893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the effectiveness of a multiple-intervention program (MIP) on the life satisfaction, social support, and depressive tendencies of older adults. DESIGN A cross-sectional, pretest-posttest design involving a questionnaire survey was adopted. METHODS Thirty-seven older adults were recruited from 2 daycare centers for an 8-week MIP comprising 60-min sessions conducted once a week. The questionnaire comprised the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Short Form-15 (GDS-SF15), Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), and Inventory of Social Support Scale (ISSB). FINDINGS The participants' average GDS-SF15 score decreased considerably (by 35.3%), their average ISSB score increased from 61.9% to 80.9%, and their average LSS score increased from 48% to 64%. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes for depressive tendencies, social support, and life satisfaction were measured before and after the intervention, and the participants successfully engaged in the MIP throughout its duration and exhibited improvement. The MIP can serve as a basis for planning group activities for older adults. CLINICAL EVIDENCE The MIP benefits older adults at daycare centers. Incorporating multiple activities into daily care can help increase the diversity, uniqueness, and innovativeness of a daycare center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Ever New Hospital Yanshui Day Care Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yu Wang
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Long-term Care and Health Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lee PY, Lee BO. Effectiveness of simulation-based education on nursing students’ professional knowledge, attitude and self-confidence in handling child abuse cases. Nurse Educ Pract 2022; 65:103480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lee PY, Lee BO. Lived Experiences of Domestic Violence in Women and Their Children: A Phenomenological Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081556. [PMID: 36011213 PMCID: PMC9408340 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores women and their children’s lived experience of domestic violence (DV). A qualitative phenomenological research approach was used. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews. Five women and five adult children participated in this study. COREQ reporting guidelines were utilized. Three main themes and six subthemes emerged from the interviews with the women; the main themes were “living with suffering”, “insecurity in daily life”, and “conformity in coping behaviors”. Two main themes and four subthemes were identified from the interviews with the children; the main themes were “barriers to learning and interactions with peers” and “a sense of threat to life”. The findings show that the women and their children had to cope with not only the DV itself but also the negative consequences of the violence. Several recommendations are made for the police and first-line healthcare and social work systems and to prevent DV by integrating the care provided to the family. The findings provide prevention and integration care for mothers and their children experiencing DV systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Cheng Shiu University, No.840, Chengcing Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Bih-O Lee
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2625)
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Jalil NB, Lee PY, Nor Afiah MZ, Abdullah KL, Azizi FNSM, Rassip NNSA, Ong TA, Ng CJ, Lee YK, Cheong AT, Razack AH, Saad M, Alip A, Malek R, Sundram M, Omar S, Sathiyananthan JR, Kumar P. Effectiveness of Decision Aid in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial at Tertiary Referral Hospitals in an Asia Pacific Country. J Cancer Educ 2022; 37:169-178. [PMID: 32564251 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are several treatment options for localized prostate cancer with very similar outcome but vary in terms of technique and side effect profiles and risks. Considering the potential difficulty in choosing the best treatment, a patient decision aid (PDA) is used to help patients in their decision-making process. However, the use and applicability of PDA in a country in Asia Pacific region like Malaysia is still unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a PDA modified to the local context in improving patients' knowledge, decisional conflict, and preparation for decision making among men with localized prostate cancer. Sixty patients with localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. A self-administered questionnaire, which evaluate the knowledge on prostate cancer (23 items), decisional conflict (10 items) and preparation for decision-making (10 items), was given to all participants at pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using independent T test and paired T test. The intervention group showed significant improvement in knowledge (p = 0.02) and decisional conflict (p = 0.01) from baseline. However, when compared between the control and intervention groups, there were no significant differences at baseline and post-intervention on knowledge, decisional conflict and preparation for decision-making. A PDA on treatment options of localized prostate cancer modified to the local context in an Asia Pacific country improved patients' knowledge and decisional conflict but did not have significant impact on the preparation for decision-making. The study was also registered under the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12614000668606 registered on 25/06/2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Jalil
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - M Z Nor Afiah
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - K L Abdullah
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F N S Mohd Azizi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - N N S Abdul Rassip
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - T A Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C J Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y K Lee
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A T Cheong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - A H Razack
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Saad
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Alip
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Malek
- Unit of Urology, Selayang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Sundram
- Unit of Urology, General Hospital of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Omar
- Unit of Urology, Johor Bahru Hospital, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - P Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lee PY, Johnston JM, Lee PSL, Lam KKC, Yip KCM, Cheung ATL, Lam DWS, Leung VKH, Fan AOK. Hong Kong domestic health spending: financial years 1989/90 to 2019/20. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28 Suppl 2:1-24. [PMID: 35260504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J M Johnston
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P S L Lee
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K K C Lam
- Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K C M Yip
- Hospital Authority, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - A T L Cheung
- Hospital Authority, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D W S Lam
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - V K H Leung
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - A O K Fan
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) is to regulate the collection, processing, and use of personal information; to avoid the infringement of personal rights; and to promote the reasonable use of personal information. Clinical nurses are frontline patient caregivers, and they are the most likely to have access to patients' personal information. If these nurses do not clearly understand the PDPA, they may violate the law and affect patients' rights. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge level of clinical nurses regarding the PDPA and related factors, with the findings intended to serve as a reference for continuing education. METHODS A cross-sectional research design was adopted. A purposive sample of nurses working at a regional hospital in southern Taiwan was selected. A self-administered survey incorporating the self-developed Nurses Knowledge Scale for Patient Personal Data Protection Act (NKSPPDPA) was used to collect data from May to June 2017. RESULTS A total of 269 valid responses were received (return rate: 89.67%). The mean score on the NKSPPDPA was 68.80 out of a total-possible 100 points. Knowledge related to patient privacy and penalties was relatively low. Moreover, working department, job title, and participation in PDPA-related on-the-job education were found to be significant predictors of NKSPPDPA score, while years of experience was found to have a low correlation only. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that clinical nurses have knowledge gaps regarding PDPA, especially in terms of privacy and penalties. Nurses should participate in continuing education to address these knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Tzu Su
- MSN, RN, Assistant Head Nurse, Medical Ward, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Cheng Shiu University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-San Kuo
- SJD, Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Intellectual Property, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Lin Kuo
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, Department of Allied Health Education & Digital Learning, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taiwan, ROC.
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Michael Bergmann S, Dabels J, Klafack S, Jin Y, Lee PY, Hofmann AC, Wang Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Zeng W, Lusiastuti A, Zheng S, Jin Y, Kiełpińska J, Monaghan S. Serological responses to koi herpesvirus (KHV) in a non-cyprinid reservoir host. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:1229-1236. [PMID: 33973665 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is a highly contagious virus that causes KHV disease (KHVD) inducing high mortality in carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio L.). In the late stage, latency occurs with very low, often non-detectable virus concentrations, which represents a challenge for virus detection. After validation according to OIE recommendations, an antibody ELISA was established to recognize antibodies of C. carpio against KHV infection. In this study, the ELISA was modified to detect anti-KHV antibodies from a non-cyprinid fish. Experimentally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were able to transmit KHV to naïve carp at two different temperatures, demonstrating their potential as a reservoir host. At 20°C, KHVD was induced in carp but not at 15°C. Unexpectedly, rainbow trout developed humoral response against KHV at both temperatures. In contrast to carp, at 15°C trout produced neutralizing antibodies but not at 20°C. While antibodies obtained from infected carp sera reacted in a similar way against all KHV, antibodies from rainbow trout sera reacted differently to the same isolates by ELISA. The data show that even when non-cyprinid fish species are infected with KHV, they can produce antibodies that differ from those observed in carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Michael Bergmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Juliane Dabels
- Aquaculture and Sea Ranching, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sandro Klafack
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yeonwha Jin
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Arndt Christian Hofmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yingying Wang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery science, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery science, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingying Li
- Chinese Academy of Fishery science, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, PR China
| | - Angela Lusiastuti
- Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Shucheng Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Fishery science, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yijuan Jin
- Chinese Academy of Fishery science, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jolanta Kiełpińska
- Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sean Monaghan
- Aquatic Vaccine Unit, School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Salim H, Shariff Ghazali S, Lee PY, Cheong AT, Harrun NH, Mohamed Isa S, Pinnock H. Health literacy levels and its determinants among people with asthma in Malaysian primary healthcare settings: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1186. [PMID: 34158013 PMCID: PMC8218499 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited health literacy among people with asthma is associated with poor adherence to self-management activities, thus poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of health literacy level and its determinants among people with asthma in the Malaysian primary healthcare settings. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants aged > 18 years with asthma who attended five primary health clinics in Malaysia. Systematic random sampling was employed with a final sample of 550 participants. The questionnaires included the validated Malay version of Health Literacy Scale (HLS) and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the determinants for limited health literacy. RESULTS The participants mean age of the participants was 48 (SD15.4) years. Most of the participants were women (64%) and of Malay ethnicity (51.1%). Nearly half had a secondary level of education, n = 112, (45.8%). Mean duration of asthma diagnosis is 20.6 (SD 15.9) years. More than half (62.5%) had a family history of asthma. About half (50.9%) had uncontrolled asthma, with 87.3% self-rated themselves as having controlled asthma. About a third (29.1%) received education on of asthma action plan, but only 7.1% of these owned a written version an asthma action plan. Limited health literacy accounts for 60.5% of the participants. The significant determinants for limited health literacy included lower educational attainment (p < 0.001), family history of asthma (p = 0.034), < 20 years duration of asthma diagnosis (p = 0.031) and not receiving asthma action plan education (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study population, more than half of the people living with asthma were found to have limited health literacy, which was associated with not having received self-management education supported by an asthma action plan. Future interventions should include strategies that ensure they meet the needs of people with limited health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Salim
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH89AG, United Kingdom.
| | - S Shariff Ghazali
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- UM eHealth Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603, Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A T Cheong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N H Harrun
- Pandamaran Health Clinic, Ministry of Health, Persiaran Raja Muda Musa, Klang, 42000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Mohamed Isa
- Botanik Health Clinic, Ministry of Health, Jalan Langat, Klang, 41200, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Pinnock
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH89AG, United Kingdom
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Linggonegoro DW, Song H, Jones KM, Lee PY, Schmidt B, Vleugels RA, Huang JT. Familial chilblain lupus in a child with heterozygous mutation in SAMHD1 and normal interferon signature. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:650-652. [PMID: 33887057 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H Song
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Combined Dermatology Residency Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K M Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Y Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R A Vleugels
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J T Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Kok VC, Lee CK, Chiang YH, Wang MC, Lu YT, Cherng CC, Lee PY, Wang KB. Extensive-Stage Small Cell Carcinoma Transformation From EGFR Del19-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma on Gefitinib at the Twelfth-Year Follow-Up Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:564799. [PMID: 33816221 PMCID: PMC8012892 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.564799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The acquired resistance mechanisms in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma (ADC), following treatment with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) have received extensive investigations. The phenotypic transformation to small cell carcinoma (SCCT) has been estimated to occur in approximately 3 to 10% of patients treated with an EGFR-TKI. The prognosis after SCCT is extremely poor. CASE STUDY We report about SCCT that occurred 45 months after the initial diagnosis of ADC in an East Asian never-smoker woman with advanced-stage EGFR Del-19-mutant lung ADC treated with combined chemoradiotherapy before the era of insurance coverage for EGFR-TKIs in this country and subsequently gefitinib; deletion at codon 746-750 in exon 19 of the EGFR gene was ascertained in the original formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung biopsy tissue. Spinal cord compression at thoracic-12 level from SCCT was successfully relieved with neurosurgical treatment, chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin, and radiotherapy, while gefitinib treatment was maintained. Eleven months later, SCCT relapsed in the lung parenchyma, which was resected and was found to be sensitive to second-line weekly topotecan. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was subsequently administered. SCCT was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues demonstrating the same exon 19 deletion. At the 12th-year follow-up, the patient remains relapse free with very good performance status. The novelty of this case is the successful interdisciplinary team effort to correct the spinal cord compression by maintaining the patient in an ambulatory state, non-stop use of gefitinib justified by the presence of activating EGFR mutation in SCCT tumor cells, and aggressive dose-intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the SCCT that leads to an unprecedented prolonged remission and survival. This case also supports the observation that SCCT is chemotherapy sensitive, and thus, re-biopsy or complete tumor excision is recommended to understand the mutation profiles of the current tumor. Aggressive prudent administration of systemic chemotherapy obtaining optimal dose intensity leads to the successful management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C. Kok
- Division of Medical Oncology, KTGH Cancer Center, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Disease Informatics Research Group, Asia University Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Victor C. Kok, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-8154
| | - Chien-Kuan Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiang
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Te Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chun Cherng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention Radiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Bin Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Tran MV, Marceau E, Lee PY, Chandy M, Chen IY. The Smoking Paradox: A Twist in the Tale of Vasospastic Angina. J Vasc Med Surg 2021; 9:438. [PMID: 36276915 PMCID: PMC9583240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is undoubtedly the single most important risk factor and trigger for vasospastic angina, a condition also known as Prinzmetal angina secondary to coronary artery vasospasm. Even decades before vasospastic angina was first described by Dr. Myron Prinzmetal and his colleagues in 1959, there had been suspected connections between smoking and coronary artery vasospasm in what was alluded to then as "tobacco angina." The intimate relationship between smoking and vasospastic angina has since been extensively researched and validated through decades of epidemiological and clinical studies. The fact that smoking would aggravate vasospastic angina comes with very little surprise, as it has been shown to adversely impact many of the disease processes thought to underlie vasospastic angina, including autonomic dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle hyperactivity, and genetic susceptibility. While avoidance of smoking is the first logical step in managing smokers with vasospastic angina, there have been reported cases of vasospastic angina paradoxically triggered by smoking cessation or relieved with smoking resumption or nicotine replacement therapy. Thus, there appears to be patient-specific factors that could significantly alter the close connection between smoking and vasospastic angina, warranting further mechanistic investigations. In this review, we will examine this complicated relationship between smoking and vasospastic angina from multiple perspectives (historical, mechanistic, and clinical) and call attention to the "smoking paradox," which, with further elucidation, may provide additional insight into the complex mechanisms of VSA and potentially new strategies to treat medically refractory VSA, at least in selected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Eric Marceau
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Pharmacy Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Mark Chandy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Y. Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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Lee PY, Johnston JM, Lee PSL, Lam KKC, Chan LHF, Cheung ATL, Lam DWS, Leung VKH, Fan AOK. Hong Kong domestic health spending: financial years 1989/90 to 2018/19. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 9:1-24. [PMID: 33531440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J M Johnston
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P S L Lee
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K K C Lam
- Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - L H F Chan
- Hospital Authority, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - A T L Cheung
- Hospital Authority, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D W S Lam
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - V K H Leung
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - A O K Fan
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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15
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Sahiran MF, Lee PY, Mawardi M, Mohd Azizi F. Bodyweight status misperception among reproductive-aged women in primary care settings. Malays Fam Physician 2020; 15:62-73. [PMID: 33329864 PMCID: PMC7735877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is common, and many international and local studies confirm this, that women of reproductive age misperceive their body-weight status. This phenomenon can lead to their being less likely to adopt a healthy lifestyle which later exposes them to increased health problems and risks including those of a gynecological and obstetric nature. Generally, there have been inconsistent findings concerning the association between the self-perceived weight status and sociodemographic factors, physical activities, and previous weight loss attempts of women of reproductive age in an Asian population like Malaysia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the factors associated with body weight status misperception among reproductive-aged women at a primary care setting in Malaysia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Klinik Kesihatan Durian Tunggal in 2016-2017. The questionnaire included questions on the perception of weight status, sociodemographic factors, smoking status, level of physical activity, and weight loss attempts. Logistic regressions were used for statistical analysis to examine the association between body weight status misperception and related factors. RESULTS The study recruited 630 reproductive-aged women. The mean age and SD of the respondents was 32.7 + 8.9 years, and 84% of the respondents were Malays. More than three-quarters of the respondents (75.5%, n = 476) had received up to a secondary level of education. The majority of the respondents were in the overweight/obese group (59.4%, n = 374). The mean BMI of the respondents was 27.1 kg/m2 + 6.61. Approximately 65.4% (n = 412) of the respondents had an inactive lifestyle. However, 60% (n = 378) of the respondents reported that they had attempted to reduce their weight in the last year. A total of 141 respondents (22.4%) misperceived their weight status with 113 (80.1% ) of them underestimating their weight status. Women with primary-level education (OR: 3.545, 95% CI: 1.530-8.215, p = 0.003) and secondary-level education (OR: 1.933, 95% CI: 1.065-3.510, p = 0.030) had a greater likelihood of misperceiving their body weight status as compared to those who have a tertiary level of education. Women with no weight loss attempts were also at risk of body weight status misperception (OR: 1.850, 95% CI: 1.195, 2.865, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION Bodyweight status misperception among reproductive-aged women was associated with a low level of education and with those who had made no weight loss attempts. Identifying women who are at risk of misperceiving their weight status would enable early counseling on weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Sahiran
- MD, MMed Family Med, Klinik Kesihatan Petra Jaya, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- MBBS, MMed Family Med, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia,
| | - M Mawardi
- MBBS, MMed Family Med, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Fns Mohd Azizi
- MBBS, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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16
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Hadi AM, Lee PY, Adibah HI. The implication of stigma on people living with HIV and the role of social support - A case report. Malays Fam Physician 2020; 15:43-45. [PMID: 32843944 PMCID: PMC7430316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancements made in the knowledge and treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since it was first discovered, people living with HIV (PLWH) continue to be stigmatized. This paper presents the case of an HIV-infected patient who delayed the necessary treatment due to stigma and ultimately presented with AIDS. Through social support, however, he was able to overcome his internalized stigma; he was finally willing to start on antiretroviral treatment (ART). This case report addresses the effect of stigma on and the role of social support in the management of an individual with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hadi
- MD (UPM), MMed (Family Medicine) (UPM) Department of Family Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- MBBS (UM), MMed (Family Medicine) (UM) Department of Family Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H I Adibah
- MD (USM), MMed (Family Medicine) (USM) Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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See KC, Liew SM, Ng DCE, Chew EL, Khoo EM, Sam CH, Sheena D, Zahilah Filzah Z, Chin SY, Lee PY, Tan LP, Farah Najwa Z, Sabrina S, Them WW, Saipriya T, Muhammad Zamakhshari ZA, Cheah WK, Peariasamy K, Goh PP, Ibrahim H. COVID-19: Four Paediatric Cases in Malaysia. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 94:125-127. [PMID: 32304822 PMCID: PMC7158792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a brief report of 4 paediatric cases of COVID-19 infection in Malaysia BACKGROUND: COVID-19, a coronavirus, first detected in Wuhan, China has now spread rapidly to over 60 countries and territories around the world, infecting more than 85000 individuals. As the case count amongst children is low, there is need to report COVID-19 in children to better understand the virus and the disease. CASES In Malaysia, until end of February 2020, there were four COVID-19 paediatric cases with ages ranging from 20 months to 11 years. All four cases were likely to have contracted the virus in China. The children had no symptoms or mild flu-like illness. The cases were managed symptomatically. None required antiviral therapy. DISCUSSION There were 2 major issues regarding the care of infected children. Firstly, the quarantine of an infected child with a parent who tested negative was an ethical dilemma. Secondly, oropharyngeal and nasal swabs in children were at risk of false negative results. These issues have implications for infection control. Consequently, there is a need for clearer guidelines for child quarantine and testing methods in the management of COVID-19 in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C See
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - S M Liew
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - David C E Ng
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - E L Chew
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sultanah Maliha, Langkawi, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - E M Khoo
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - C H Sam
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sultanah Maliha, Langkawi, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - D Sheena
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Z Zahilah Filzah
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - S Y Chin
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - L P Tan
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - Z Farah Najwa
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - S Sabrina
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - W W Them
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - T Saipriya
- Department of Paediatric, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | | | - W K Cheah
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Taiping, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - K Peariasamy
- Institute for Clinical Research, Block B, National Institute of Health, Setia Alam, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
| | - P P Goh
- Institute for Clinical Research, Block B, National Institute of Health, Setia Alam, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
| | - H Ibrahim
- Division for Research and Technical Support, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
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18
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Lee PY, Hou BL, Sun ZC, Kang DA, Han SL, Zhang T, Xu D, Yan TF, Zhang B. Design, qualification & manufacture of ITER gravity supports. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03609. [PMID: 32258467 PMCID: PMC7114748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the key components to support all the magnet coils, the GS faces engineering challenge to its operational safety throughout the design, qualification and manufacturing process as a result of extreme loading condition. The structural safety of GS was confirmed by both the FEM analysis and the semi-prototype engineering test after a long time of design, qualification, manufacture and assembly. Welding the cooling pipe to the flexible plate without obvious deformation as well as tightening uniformly and precisely all the tie rods to clamp the plates were carried out successfully during manufacturing. The result of final vacuum leakage test indicates that the GS can not only meet the ITER vacuum requirement but also have no slow out-gassing. The first set of GS which has passed the ITER acceptance test is to be delivered to ITER construction site soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
| | - B L Hou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
| | - Z C Sun
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
| | - D A Kang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
| | - S L Han
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
| | - T Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
| | - D Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
| | - T F Yan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics (SWIP), P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, China
| | - B Zhang
- China International Nuclear Fusion Energy Program Executive Center (CNDA), Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
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19
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Wu YH, Sun FK, Lee PY. Family caregivers' lived experiences of caring for epidermolysis bullosa patients: A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:1552-1560. [PMID: 32043289 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the lived experiences of family caregivers of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) patients. BACKGROUND Patients with EB need long-term care. Their family experiences physical and mental stress while proving that care. However, very little research has explored the family caregivers' actual lived experiences when caring for EB patients. DESIGN This is a qualitative research using the phenomenological approach. METHODS Data were collected with the assistance of the Taiwan Foundation for Rare Disorders (TFRD). Interviews were conducted between 2015 and 2017 with primary family caregivers (n = 10) who had cared for EB patients for at least five years. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven-step phenomenological method. COREQ reporting guidelines were utilised. RESULTS Four themes and eleven subthemes emerged after data analysis: (a) transformation and helplessness: changing expectations and helplessness associated with the rare, unknown disease; (b) mother's responsibility: mothers loving and protecting their children, surviving through adversity and challenges and self-experiencing a child's pain; (c) physical and mental fatigue experienced by the whole family: physical and mental exhaustion, and unbalanced lives; and (d) adjustment and social support: providing mutual assistance to mitigate adversity, hopeful search for treatments, the importance of patient associations and rare disease foundations, and social assistance requirements. CONCLUSION Family caregivers experience many challenges when caring for EB patients and experience substantial stress and overwhelming burdens. Consequently, they would benefit greatly from various support systems to reduce the burden of caring for EB patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare professionals can use the findings from this study to understand the circumstances faced by family caregivers and tailor care and education specifically to support each family's financial, social and household needs, thereby helping them reduce the stress of caring for EB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh-Hsun Wu
- Department of Nursing, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan ROC
| | - Fan-Ko Sun
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan ROC
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan ROC
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20
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Lee PY, Johnston JM, Lee PSL, Lam KKC, Poon KKY, Lam DWS, Leung VKH, Ma ESK. Hong Kong domestic health spending: financial years 1989/90 to 2017/18. Hong Kong Med J 2020; 26 Suppl 2:1-24. [PMID: 33531439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J M Johnston
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P S L Lee
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K K C Lam
- Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K K Y Poon
- Hospital Authority, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D W S Lam
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - V K H Leung
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - E S K Ma
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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21
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Lin CC, Lee PY, Chen KC, Liao PC, Hsu JC, Li AH. Clinical, Demographic, and Biochemical Characteristics of Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Analysis of Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry Data of a Single Medical Center from 2005 to 2016. Acta Cardiol Sin 2020; 36:1-7. [PMID: 31903002 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202001_36(1).20190704d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Therefore, understanding the prevalence and trends of major risk factors may facilitate primary and secondary prevention of STEMI. Methods In the present study, 2446 consecutive patients with STEMI admitted to Far Eastern Memorial Hospital from 2005 to 2016 were enrolled. A comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, distribution, and trends over time of major risk factors as well as Framingham risk scores of all patients was performed. Results The most prevalent risk factors were male sex, hypertension (HTN), smoking, age, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, 95%-97% of the patients had at least one modifiable risk factor, and < 1% of the patients did not have any identifiable risk factors. The prevalence trends of smoking, HTN, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome increased significantly from 2005 to 2016. Seasonal variation analysis revealed a 15% increase in STEMI cases between January and March compared with those between April and December. Isolated low high- density lipoprotein-cholesterol syndrome was the second most common type of dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 16.6%. Moreover, only 56.8% of the male and 32% of the female patients were in the Framingham high-risk group. Conclusions A high prevalence rate and an increasing trend of modifiable risk factors resulted in a high number of STEMI cases at our hospital. Controlling modifiable risk factors and improving nontraditional risk factor detection could facilitate primary and secondary preventions for STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Chih Liao
- Division of Cardiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Cheng Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsien Li
- Division of Cardiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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22
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Boo WH, Lee PY. A not to be missed cause in a child with atraumatic limp. Malays Fam Physician 2019; 14:68-70. [PMID: 32175044 PMCID: PMC7067501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Children with musculoskeletal symptoms are commonly seen by general practitioners (GPs). Those that present with atraumatic limp pose a particular diagnostic challenge. Although uncommon, Perthes disease (PD) is an important cause of atraumatic limp in children and may result in debilitating consequences if missed. We put forward a case of delayed diagnosis of PD in a child, thus highlighting the need for a greater index of suspicion among GPs in approaching any child with a limp.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Boo
- MD Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- MBBS, MMed Family Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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23
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Sindhu CK, Nijar AK, Leong PY, Li ZQ, Hong CY, Malar L, Lee PY, Kwa SK. Awareness of Colorectal Cancer among the Urban Population in the Klang Valley. Malays Fam Physician 2019; 14:18-27. [PMID: 32175037 PMCID: PMC7067497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Malaysia. Awareness of risk factors, symptoms and warning signs of CRC will help in early detection. This paper presents the level of CRC awareness among the urban population in Malaysia. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2015 till December 2016 at three government clinics in the Klang Valley. The validated Bowel Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire in both English and Malay was used. The mean knowledge scores for the warning signs and risk factors of CRC in different socio-demographic groups were compared using ANOVA in SPSS version 23. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and a 95% confidence level. RESULTS Of the 426 respondents, 29.1% were unable to recall the warning signs and symptoms of CRC. Average recall was less than two warning signs and symptoms (mean 1.62, SD 1.33). The mean total knowledge score for CRC was 9.91 (SD 4.78), with a mean knowledge scores for warning signs and risk factors at 5.27 (SD 2.74) and 4.64 (SD 2.78), respectively. Respondents with a higher level of education were found to have higher level of knowledge regarding the warning signs of CRC. There was a significant positive association between knowledge score for warning signs and level of confidence in detecting warning signs. Regarding the total knowledge score for CRC, 3.3% of respondents scored zero. For warning signs and risk factors, 8.2% and 8.5% of respondents had zero knowledge scores, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Generally, awareness of CRC is poor among the urban population of Klang Valley. Greater education and more confidence in detecting warning signs are significantly associated with better knowledge of warning signs. CRC awareness programs should be increased to improve awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Sindhu
- MBBS, MAFP/FRACGP Klinik Kesihatan Ulu Yam Bharu Hulu Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A K Nijar
- MBBS, MAFP/FRACGP Klinik Kesihatan Sungai Besi Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P Y Leong
- MBBS, MAFP/FRACGP Klinik Kesihatan Salak Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Z Q Li
- MBBS, MAFP/FRACGP Klinik Pembangunan Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - C Y Hong
- MD Klinik Kesihatan Kelana Jaya Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - L Malar
- MD Klinik Kesihatan Taman Medan Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- MBBS, MMED Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia
| | - S K Kwa
- MBBS (Mal), FRACGP, MSc Med Demog (London), FAFPM International Medical University Malaysia
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24
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Urso K, Caetano-Lopes J, Lee PY, Yan J, Henke K, Sury M, Liu H, Zgoda M, Jacome-Galarza C, Nigrovic PA, Duryea J, Harris MP, Charles JF. A role for G protein-coupled receptor 137b in bone remodeling in mouse and zebrafish. Bone 2019; 127:104-113. [PMID: 31173907 PMCID: PMC6708790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 137b (GPR137b) is an orphan seven-pass transmembrane receptor of unknown function. In mouse, Gpr137b is highly expressed in osteoclasts in vivo and is upregulated during in vitro differentiation. To elucidate the role that GPR137b plays in osteoclasts, we tested the effect of GPR137b deficiency on osteoclast maturation and resorbing activity. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in mouse-derived ER-Hoxb8 immortalized myeloid progenitors to generate GPR137b-deficient osteoclast precursors. Decreasing Gpr137b in these precursors led to increased osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity. To explore the role of GPR137b during skeletal development, we generated zebrafish deficient for the ortholog gpr137ba. Gpr137ba-deficient zebrafish are viable and fertile and do not display overt morphological defects as adults. However, analysis of osteoclast function in gpr137ba-/- mutants demonstrated increased bone resorption. Micro-computed tomography evaluation of vertebral bone mass and morphology demonstrated that gpr137ba-deficiency altered the angle of the neural arch, a skeletal site with high osteoclast activity. Vital staining of gpr137ba-/- fish with calcein and alizarin red indicated that bone formation in the mutants is also increased, suggesting high bone turnover. These results identify GPR137b as a conserved negative regulator of osteoclast activity essential for normal resorption and patterning of the skeleton. Further, these data suggest that coordination of osteoclast and osteoblast activity is a conserved process among vertebrates and may have similar regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urso
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Caetano-Lopes
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Y Lee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Yan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Henke
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Sury
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Zgoda
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Jacome-Galarza
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P A Nigrovic
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Duryea
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M P Harris
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J F Charles
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lee PY, Johnston JM, Lee PSL, Lee YH, Poon KKY, Lam DWS, Yeung AYT, Lam K, Ma ESK. Hong Kong domestic health spending: financial years 1989/90 to 2016/17. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25 Suppl 6:1-24. [PMID: 31761760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J M Johnston
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P S L Lee
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K K Y Poon
- Hospital Authority, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D W S Lam
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - A Y T Yeung
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K Lam
- Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - E S K Ma
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Lee PY. Changing needs of future patients: How do healthcare delivery adapt? Malays Fam Physician 2019; 14:1. [PMID: 31827728 PMCID: PMC6818692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Klafack S, Fiston-Lavier AS, Bergmann SM, Hammoumi S, Schröder L, Fuchs W, Lusiastuti A, Lee PY, Heredia SV, Gosselin-Grenet AS, Avarre JC. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Evolves In Vitro through an Assemblage of Haplotypes that Alternatively Become Dominant or Under-Represented. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080754. [PMID: 31443175 PMCID: PMC6723609 DOI: 10.3390/v11080754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are able to evolve in vitro by mutations after serial passages in cell cultures, which can lead to either a loss, or an increase, of virulence. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), a 295-kb double-stranded DNA virus, is the etiological agent of the koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). To assess the influence of serial passages, an isolate of CyHV-3 (KHV-T) was passaged 99 times onto common carp brain (CCB) cells, and virus virulence was evaluated during passages through the experimental infections of common carp. After 78 CCB passages, the isolate was much less virulent than the original form. A comparative genomic analysis of these three forms of KHV-T (P0, P78 and P99) revealed a limited number of variations. The largest one was a deletion of 1363 bp in the predicted ORF150, which was detected in P78, but not in P99. This unexpected finding was confirmed by conventional PCR and digital PCR. The results presented here primarily suggest that, CyHV-3 evolves, at least in vitro, through an assemblage of haplotypes that alternatively become dominant or under-represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Klafack
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffer-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffer-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Saliha Hammoumi
- ISEM, IRD, CNRS, EPHE, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Lars Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich Loeffer Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Walter Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich Loeffer Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angela Lusiastuti
- Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Bogor 16129, Indonesia
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- GenReach Biotechnology, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
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Zahrina AZ, Haymond P, Rosanna P, Ho R, Rajini AR, Low BT, Lee PY. Does the attire of a primary care physician affect patients' perceptions and their levels of trust in the doctor? Malays Fam Physician 2018; 13:3-11. [PMID: 30800227 PMCID: PMC6382088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With increasing evidence of disease transmission through doctors' white coats, many countries have discouraged doctors from wearing their white coats during consultations. However, there have been limited studies about patients' preferences concerning doctors' attire in Malaysia. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate patients' perceptions of doctors' attire before and after the disclosure of information about the infection risk associated with white coats. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st June 2015 to 31st July 2015 at three different primary care settings (government, private, and university primary care clinics) using a self-administered questionnaire. A 1:5 systematic random sampling method was employed to select the participants. The respondents were shown photographs of male and female doctors in four different types of attire and asked to rate their level of confidence and trust in and ease with doctors in each type of attire. Subsequently, the respondents were informed of the risk of white coat-carried infections, and their responses were reevaluated. Data analysis was completed using SPSS Version 24.0. Associations of categorical data were assessed using the Chi-Square test, while the overall change in perceptions after the disclosure of additional information was examined using the McNemar test. Results with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 299 respondents completed the questionnaire. Most of the respondents had more confidence and trust in the male (62.5%) and female (59.2%) doctors wearing white coats. A high proportion of the respondents from the government clinic (70.5%) felt more confidence in male doctors dressed in white coats (p-value = 0.018). In terms of ethnicity, male doctors in white coats were highly favored by Malays (61.0%), followed by the Chinese (41.2%) and Indians (38%) (p = 0.005). A similar preference was observed for the female doctors, whereby the highest number of Malays (60.3%), followed by the Chinese (41.2%) and Indians (40.0%) (p = 0.006), had a preference for female doctors wearing white coats. Only 21.9% of the initial 71.9% of patients who preferred white coats maintained their preference (p < 0.001) after learning of the risk of microbial contamination associated with white coats. CONCLUSION Most patients preferred that primary care doctors wear white coats. Nevertheless, that perception changed after they were informed about the infection risk associated with white coats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Zahrina
- MBBS, DFM Klinik Kesihatan Presint 18 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - P Haymond
- M.D, MAFP/FRACGP Primary Care Department, MAHSA University, Jalan University Campus Jalan Elmu, Off Jalan Universiti 59100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Pcg Rosanna
- MB, Bch, BAO, Advance Training in Family Medicine (ATFM) certified by Academy of Family Physicians Malaysia (AFPM) Klinik Kesihatan Tanglin, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rwy Ho
- Doctor of Medicine, MAFP/FRACGP Kelinik Thurai, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - A R Rajini
- MD, MAFP/FRACGP Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Malaysia
| | - B T Low
- MBBS, DFM Klinik Low, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- MBBS, MMED Family Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia
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Lee PY, Johnston JM, Lee PS, Lee YH, Poon KK, Lam DW, Yeung AY, Ma ES. Hong Kong domestic health spending: financial years 1989/90 to 2014/15. Hong Kong Med J 2018; 24 Suppl 8:2-24. [PMID: 30425183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - J M Johnston
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - P Sl Lee
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y H Lee
- Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K Ky Poon
- Hospital Authority, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - D Ws Lam
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - A Yt Yeung
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - E Sk Ma
- Research Office, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Schröder L, Klafack S, Bergmann SM, Fichtner D, Jin Y, Lee PY, Höper D, Mettenleiter TC, Fuchs W. Generation of a potential koi herpesvirus live vaccine by simultaneous deletion of the viral thymidine kinase and dUTPase genes. J Gen Virol 2018; 100:642-655. [PMID: 30230443 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV, Cyprinidherpesvirus 3) causes a fatal disease of koi and common carp. To obtain safe and efficacious live vaccines, we generated deletion mutants of KHV lacking the nonessential genes encoding two enzymes of nucleotide metabolism, thymidine kinase (TK, ORF55) and deoxyuridine-triphosphatase (DUT, ORF123). Since single-deletion mutants based on a KHV isolate from Israel (KHV-I) only exhibited partial attenuation (Fuchs W, Fichtner D, Bergmann SM, Mettenleiter TC. Arch Virol 2011;156 : 1059-1063), a corresponding double mutant was generated and tested in vivo, and shown to be almost avirulent but still protective. To overcome the low in vitro virus titres of KHV-I (≤105 p.f.u. ml-1), single and double TK and DUT deletions were also introduced into a cell culture-adapted KHV strain from Taiwan (KHV-T). The deletions did not affect in vitro virus replication, and all KHV-T mutants exhibited wild-type-like plaque sizes and titres exceeding 107 p.f.u. ml-1, as a prerequisite for economic vaccine production. Compared to wild-type and revertant viruses, the single-deletion mutants of KHV-T were significantly attenuated in vivo, and immersion of juvenile carp in water containing high doses of the double mutant caused almost no fatalities. Nevertheless, the deletion mutants induced similar levels of KHV-specific serum antibodies to the parental wild-type virus, and conferred solid protection against disease after challenge with wild-type KHV. For the convenient differentiation of DNA samples prepared from gill swabs of carp infected with wild-type and TK-deleted KHV we developed a triplex real-time PCR. Thus, KHV-TΔDUT/TK might be suitable as a genetic DIVA vaccine in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schröder
- 1Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandro Klafack
- 2Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- 2Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dieter Fichtner
- 2Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yeonhwa Jin
- 2Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- 3GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dirk Höper
- 4Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- 1Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Walter Fuchs
- 1Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Abstract
Worldwide koi herpesvirus (KHV) causes high mortalities in Cyprinus carpio L. aquaculture. So far, it is unknown how the different variants of KHV have developed and how they spread in the fish, but also in the environmental water bodies. Therefore, a phylogenetic method based on variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) was improved to gain deeper insights into the phylogeny of KHV and its possible worldwide distribution. Moreover, a VNTR-3 qPCR was designed which allows fast virus typing. This study presents a useful method for molecular tracing of diverse KHV types, variants, and lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Klafack
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthGreifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Qing Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Shucheng Zheng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Jolanta Kempter
- Department of Aquaculture, West Pomeranian University of TechnologySzczecin, Poland
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology CorporationTaichung, China
| | - Marek Matras
- National Veterinary Research InstitutePulawy, Poland
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthGreifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Ku MC, Lee PY, Kok VC. An Unusual Case of Cholangitis. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:e12-e13. [PMID: 28061340 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Ku
- Department of Radiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Jente Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Victor C Kok
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsu SL, Lee PY, Chang CH, Chen CH. Immunological impression cytology of the conjunctival epithelium in patients with thyroid orbitopathy-related dry eye. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr9011. [PMID: 27706674 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15039011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid orbitopathy (TO) is an autoimmune disease that is complicated by ocular surface disorders, leading to discomfort. Dry eye is very prevalent in patients with TO. Recent studies on the pathogenesis of dry eye have focused on the inflammatory process, and some supporting evidence has been discovered. Because TO is a disorder of autoimmune origin, we assumed that the association between TO and dry eye is related to inflammation. Inflammation of the ocular surface in TO-related dry eye has not been well studied. In this study, we assessed cellular inflammation of the ocular surface and the cytokine profiles in patients with TO-related dry eye. Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) was assessed with an immunofluorescent assay. TO-related dry eye was diagnosed by using the Schirmer test, tear break-up time, thyroid function, and clinical signs. CIC was combined with immunological staining of interleukin-1a (IL-1a), IL-1b, and IL- 6. The immunological impression cytology (IC) grade was compared to the clinical activity score of TO. All TO patients with dry eye were positive for IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL-6. However, the normal controls were also positive for IL-1a. A trend was observed between the clinical inflammatory score and immunological IC grade. This study was the first to delineate the immunological IC of TO-related dry eye. Our study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of dry eye in TO. Our findings suggest that the conjunctival cytokines IL-1a, IL-1b, and IL-6 may play a role. The results of this study will be useful for future studies of additional inflammatory cytokines, and the levels of these cytokines could be used as an outcome to assess the efficacy of treatment, such as anti-cytokine or immunosuppression therapy, in patients with TO-related dry eye or other ocular surface inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C H Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C H Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Achieving treatment targets has been difficult in treating diabetic patients. This cross-sectional study describes the lipid profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus at a public primary health care centre in Sarawak, Malaysia. The targets for lipid control were based on the International Diabetes Federation recommendation (2002). 1031 patients (98% Type 2 Diabetes) were studied. Fasting lipid profiles were available in 990 (96%) patients. The mean total cholesterol was 5.3 ± 1.0 mmol/L, Triglycerides 1.90 ± 1.26 mmol/L, HDL-C 1.28 ± 0.33 mmol/ L and LDL-C 3.2 ± 0.9 mmol/L. Overall, 22% of patients achieved the treatment target for LDL-C level <2.6mmol/L. 67% of patients had HDL-C > 1.1 mmol/L and 42% of patients had a target TG level below 1.5 mmol/L. Of the 40% of patients who received lipid-lowering drug, 17% achieved LDL-C target, 50% had LDL-C 2.6-4.4mmol/ L and 33% have LDL-C > 4.0 mmol/L. For the remaining 60% not receiving any lipid lowering therapy, 68% had LDL-C between 2.6-4.0 mmol/L and 7% had LDL-C level > 4 mmol/L. Dyslipidemia is still under-treated despite the availability of effective pharmacological agents and the greatly increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(3): 16-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- JS Wong
- Department of Medicine, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching,
Sarawak, Malaysia,
| | - F. Tan
- Department of Medicine, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching,
Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - PY Lee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, University Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To design a training programme for nurses and evaluate the effectiveness of the training programme in improving the nurses' self-efficacy in reporting cases of child abuse and neglect. BACKGROUND The problem of child abuse and neglect cases has become prevalent throughout numerous countries. Previous studies have found that more than 70% of Taiwanese nurses considered that they required child abuse and neglect training. Moreover, a training programme for child abuse and neglect reporting based on self-efficacy theory in clinical practice has been developed previously. METHODS A quasi-experimental research design was implemented. The study participants comprised 80 clinical nurses: 40 in an experimental group and 40 in a control group; the pretest, post-test and follow-up results were compared between the groups. Moreover, an analysis of covariance was applied to test the effectiveness of a nurse child abuse and neglect training programme after controlling for the effects of age, marital status and working years. The experimental and control groups were compared according to their scores on each self-efficacy subscale. RESULTS The experimental and control groups differed significantly regarding the outcome measures of all six subscales of child abuse and neglect reporting self-efficacy between the pretest and post-test. Therefore, the results supported the hypothesis that nurse self-efficacy in reporting child abuse and neglect cases would improve after completing the Child Abuse and Neglect Training Program for Nurses. CONCLUSION The Child Abuse and Neglect Training Program for Nurses is an appropriate training programme for improving nurse competence and confidence in reporting suspected child abuse and neglect cases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study is relevant to clinical practice because it clarifies a relationship between nurses' self-efficacy and reporting behaviour. It also highlights the importance and effectiveness of the training programme Child Abuse and Neglect Training Program for Nurses in improving nurses' reporting behaviour for child abuse and neglect cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Lee
- College of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Yen M, Lee PY, Tsai HC. [Applying the Strategies of Helping Relationship From Significant Others in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease]. Hu Li Za Zhi 2016; 63:19-25. [PMID: 27026553 DOI: 10.6224/jn.63.2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The absence of easily perceived symptoms in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes low levels of awareness and treatment of this disease. Therefore, adherence to measures that may prevent disease progression, i.e., lifestyle changes, regular clinic visits, and timely medication administration, is often low among early-stage CKD patients. However, continuous assistance from significant others through trusting, understanding, sharing, and coaching assistance may promote a healthy lifestyle and prevent progression of the disease. The necessary characteristics of significant others include dependability, credibility, and positivity. Significant others may use their understanding, caring, faith, and honesty to help patients face CKD and improve self-care efficacy. This article discusses the assistance that significant others may provide to CKD patients, including warning mechanisms, target setting, encouragement, and feedback. By developing the functions of supervision, companionship, and support, significant others may help patients live a healthier life and improve their medical compliance and thus postpone disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaofen Yen
- PhD, RN, FAAN, Professor, Department of Nursing & Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- BSN, RN, Graduate Student, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Chen Tsai
- BSN, RN, Graduate Student, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC
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Ku MC, Kok VC, Lee MY, Hsu SM, Lee PY, Chang CW, Tyan YS, Juan CW. Clinical analysis of contributors to the delayed gallbladder opacification following the use of water-soluble contrast medium. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1357-64. [PMID: 27660453 PMCID: PMC5019449 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s116899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gallbladder opacification (GBO) on computed tomography (CT) imaging may obscure certain pathological or emergent conditions in the gallbladder, such as neoplasms, stones, and hemorrhagic cholecystitis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical contributing factors that could predict the presence of delayed GBO determined by CT. METHODS This study retrospectively evaluated 243 consecutive patients who received enhanced CT or intravenous pyelography imaging and then underwent abdominal CT imaging within 5 days. According to the interval between imaging, the patients were divided into group A (1 day), group B (2 or 3 days), and group C (4 or 5 days). Three radiologists evaluated CT images to determine GBO. Fisher's exact test and multivariate backward stepwise elimination logistic regression were performed. RESULTS Positive GBO was significantly associated with the interval between imaging studies, contrast type, contrast volume, renal function, and hypertransaminasemia (P<0.05). Multivariate backward stepwise elimination logistic regression analysis of the three groups identified contrast type and hypertransaminasemia as independent predictors of GBO in group B patients (odds ratio [OR], 13.52, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-106.38 and OR, 3.43, 95% CI, 1.31-8.98, respectively; P<0.05). Hypertransaminasemia was the only independent predictor of GBO in group C patients with an OR of 7.2 (95% CI, 1.62-31.73). Hypertransaminasemia was noted in three patients (100%) who initially underwent imaging 5 days prior to GBO. CONCLUSION Delayed GBO on CT imaging may be associated with laboratory hypertransaminasemia, particularly in patients receiving contrast medium over a period of ≥4 days. A detailed clinical history, physical examination, and further workup are of paramount importance for investigating the underlying cause behind the hypertransaminasemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Ku
- Department of Radiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung; Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli
| | - Victor C Kok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University
| | - Ming-Yung Lee
- Department of Statistics and Informatics Science, Providence University
| | - Soa-Min Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Radiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Radiology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Yeu-Sheng Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | - Chi-Wen Juan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital; Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Boo WH, Rajan P, Ching SM, Lee PY. Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A rare masquerade of asthma. Malays Fam Physician 2015; 10:45-48. [PMID: 27099660 PMCID: PMC4826580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP) is a rare condition. The varied presentation of this condition predisposes to misdiagnosis and potential life-threatening airway obstruction. In this paper, we have reported a case of JRRP presenting as severe respiratory distress and consequently mistreated as asthmatic attack culminating in a near fatal acute airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Boo
- Woi Hon Boo (Corresponding author) MD, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - P Rajan
- Philip Rajan MBBS, MMed ORL-HNS, MFST (Edin), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, 30990 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - S M Ching
- Siew Mooi Ching MD, MMed Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- Ping Yein Lee MBBS, MMed Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abdul Samad N, Md Zain A, Osman R, Lee PY, Ng CJ. Malaysian private general practitioners' views and experiences on continuous professional development: A qualitative study. Malays Fam Physician 2014; 9:34-40. [PMID: 25883763 PMCID: PMC4391516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continuous professional development (CPD) is an important aspect of a medical practitioner's career. AIMing to be at par with other developed countries for high quality of professional practice, Malaysia is planning to implement compulsory CPD for the doctors. AIM The aim of the study was to explore the private general practitioners' (GPs) views, experiences and needs regarding CPD programme in the primary care service. METHODS This study used a qualitative methodology. Seven semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions were conducted with private general practitioners from an urban area of Malaysia between January and December 2012. An interview topic guide was developed based on literature review and researchers' discussions and it was used to guide the interviews. All the interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and the transcripts formed the data for analysis using the thematic approach. RESULTS GPs undertook a wide range of CPD programmes to keep up with medical advances, meet patients' expectations and improve financial rewards. Conferences, lectures and online recourses were the most mentioned methods of keeping updated. Some of the GPs felt that peer motivation and networking seem to motivate and facilitate participation in CPD programmes. However, they were wary of the validity and relevance of some CPD programmes, particularly those related to pharmaceutical industry. Although the participants agreed to the new mandatory CPD regulation, they voiced concerns on how it would be implemented and wished for a more effective method of monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Organised peer support and relevant CPD content may improve GP participation in CPD but adequate regulatory measure should be in place to monitor the CPD activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abdul Samad
- Department of Family Medicine, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | - PY Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - CJ Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
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Chew BH, Lee PY, Ismail IZ. "Personal mission statement": An analysis of medical students' and general practitioners' reflections on personal beliefs, values and goals in life. Malays Fam Physician 2014; 9:26-33. [PMID: 25893068 PMCID: PMC4399405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal mission in life can determine the motivation, happiness, career advancement and fulfilment in life of the medical students (MSs) along with improvement in professional/clinical performance of the family physicians. This study explored the personal beliefs, values and goals in the lives of MSs and general practitioners (GPs). METHODS Fourth-year MSs at the Universiti Putra Malaysia and GPs who participated in a 2-hour session on 'Ethics in Family Medicine' in 2012 were invited. All the participants submitted the post-session written reflections about their personal missions in life. The written reflections were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 87 MSs and 31 GPs submitted their written reflections. The authors identified 17 categories from the reflections contained by four themes-good vs. smart doctor, professional improvement vs. self-improvement, self-fulfilment and expressed motivation. The most common categories were "to be a good doctor" (97/330) and "professional improvement" (65/330). Many MSs had expressed motivation and wanted to be a smart doctor as compared to the GPs, whereas a larger number of GPs wished to have a fulfilled life and be a good doctor through professional improvement. CONCLUSION The difference between the two student groups might indicate different levels of maturity and life experiences. Medical teachers should engage students more effectively in orientating them towards the essential values needed in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- BH Chew
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - PY Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
| | - IZ Ismail
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Tsai YL, Wang HC, Lo CF, Tang-Nelson K, Lightner D, Ou BR, Hour AL, Tsai CF, Yen CC, Chang HFG, Teng PH, Lee PY. Validation of a commercial insulated isothermal PCR-based POCKIT test for rapid and easy detection of white spot syndrome virus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90545. [PMID: 24625894 PMCID: PMC3953118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely pond-side detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) plays a critical role in the implementation of bio-security measures to help minimize economic losses caused by white spot syndrome disease, an important threat to shrimp aquaculture industry worldwide. A portable device, namely POCKIT™, became available recently to complete fluorescent probe-based insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR), and automatic data detection and interpretation within one hour. Taking advantage of this platform, the IQ Plus™ WSSV Kit with POCKIT system was established to allow simple and easy WSSV detection for on-site users. The assay was first evaluated for its analytical sensitivity and specificity performance. The 95% limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was 17 copies of WSSV genomic DNA per reaction (95% confidence interval [CI], 13 to 24 copies per reaction). The established assay has detection sensitivity similar to that of OIE-registered IQ2000™ WSSV Detection and Protection System with serial dilutions of WSSV-positive Litopenaeus vannamei DNA. No cross-reaction signals were generated from infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), monodon baculovirus (MBV), and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) positive samples. Accuracy analysis using700 L. vannamei of known WSSV infection status shows that the established assayhassensitivity93.5% (95% CI: 90.61–95.56%) and specificity 97% (95% CI: 94.31–98.50%). Furthermore, no discrepancy was found between the two assays when 100 random L. vannamei samples were tested in parallel. Finally, excellent correlation was observed among test results of three batches of reagents with 64 samples analyzed in three different laboratories. Working in a portable device, IQ Plus™ WSSV Kit with POCKIT system allows reliable, sensitive and specific on-site detection of WSSV in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Tsai
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fang Lo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kathy Tang-Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Donald Lightner
- Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Bor-Rung Ou
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ling Hour
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fu Tsai
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chi Yen
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fen Grace Chang
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hua Teng
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lee PY, Gam LH, Yong VC, Rosli R, Ng KP, Chong PP. Identification of immunogenic proteins of Candida parapsilosis by serological proteome analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:999-1009. [PMID: 24299471 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Systemic candidiasis is the leading fungal bloodstream infection, and its incidence has been on the rise. Recently, Candida parapsilosis has emerged as an increasingly prevalent fungal pathogen, but little is known about its antigenic profile. Hence, the current work was performed to discover immunogenic proteins of C. parapsilosis using serological proteome analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell wall proteins extracted from C. parapsilosis were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting using antisera from experimentally infected mice. Mass spectrometry analysis of the 32 immunoreactive protein spots resulted in the identification of 12 distinct proteins. Among them, 11 proteins were known antigens of Candida albicans, whereas Idh2p was identified for the first time as an immunogenic protein of Candida species. Recombinant Idh2p was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its antigenicity was verified by immunoblot analysis. CONCLUSIONS An immunoproteomic approach was successfully applied to identify immunogenic proteins of C. parapsilosis, with Idh2p as a novel candidate antigen. The identified antigens may serve as potential biomarkers for development of diagnostic assay and/or vaccine for C. parapsilosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work represents the first immunoproteomic analysis of C. parapsilosis, which provides new insights into host-pathogen interactions and pathogenesis of C. parapsilosis. The immunogenic proteins could be studied as biomarker candidates for C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lee PY, Han SY, Miyahara RK. Adherence and outcomes of patients treated with dabigatran: pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic versus usual care. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2013; 70:1154-61. [PMID: 23784163 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The results of a study to determine whether pharmacist monitoring in the crucial first months of dabigatran therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter can help optimize adherence and stroke-prevention outcomes are presented. METHODS A retrospective preimplementation-postimplementation study was conducted at a Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital to evaluate dabigatran adherence and treatment outcomes in a group of patients whose therapy was monitored by anticoagulation clinic (ACC) pharmacists (n = 20) and a historical comparison group (n = 48) that received usual care (UC). The primary endpoint was the medication possession ratio (MPR) averaged across each group over three months (acceptable adherence was defined as an MPR of ≥80%); three secondary endpoints (dabigatran-related bleeding and incident stroke and venous thromboembolism) were evaluated. RESULTS Relative to the UC group, ACC-monitored patients were significantly more likely to have undergone recommended baseline laboratory tests before dabigatran initiation (p = 0.02). ACC patients were also more likely to have MPR values of ≥80% at the end of the three-month follow-up period (25% of patients versus 10% of patients), although the difference was not statistically significant; the mean MPR values in the ACC-monitored and UC groups were 93.1% and 88.3%, respectively. Aside from one episode of major gastrointestinal bleeding, none of the evaluated adverse outcomes occurred in either group. CONCLUSION VA patients treated with dabigatran for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or flutter and followed by a pharmacist-managed ACC did not differ significantly from similar patients receiving UC in the proportion adherent with dabigatran therapy or in the frequency of minor or major bleeding episodes. Thromboembolic events and strokes were absent in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Lee
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue (119), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Chew BH, Shariff-Ghazali S, Lee PY, Cheong AT, Mastura I, Haniff J, Bujang MA, Taher SW, Mustapha FI. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Profiles, Diseases Control and Complications at Four Public Health Facilities- A Cross-sectional Study based on the Adult Diabetes Control and Management (ADCM) Registry 2009. Med J Malaysia 2013; 68:397-404. [PMID: 24632869 DOI: pmid/24632869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes care at different healthcare facilities varied from significantly better at one setting to no difference amongst them. We examined type 2 diabetes patient profiles, disease control and complication rates at four public health facilities in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study analyzed data from diabetes registry database, the Adult Diabetes Control and Management (ADCM). The four public health facilities were hospital with specialist (HS), hospital without specialist (HNS), health clinics with family physicians (CS) and health clinic without doctor (CND). Independent risk factors were identified using multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS The means age and duration of diabetes in years were significantly older and longer in HS (ANOVA, p< 0.0001). There were significantly more patients on insulin (31.2%), anti-hypertensives (80.1%), statins (68.1%) and antiplatelets (51.2%) in HS. Patients at HS had significantly lower means BMI, HbA1c, LDL-C and higher mean HDL-C. A significant larger proportion of type 2 diabetes patients at HS had diabetes-related complications (2-5 times). Compared to the HS, the CS was more likely to achieve HbA1c ≤ 6.5% (adjusted OR 1.2) and BP target < 130/80 mmHg (adjusted OR 1.4), the HNS was 3.4 times more likely not achieving LDL-C target < 2.6 mmol/L. CONCLUSION Public hospitals with specialists in Malaysia were treating older male Chinese type 2 diabetes patients with more complications, and prescribed more medications. Patients attending these hospitals achieved better LDL-C target but poorer in attaining BP and lower HbA1c targets as compared to public health clinics with doctors and family physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Chew
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - S Shariff-Ghazali
- Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Y Lee
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A T Cheong
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Family Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I Mastura
- Seremban 2 Health Clinic, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - J Haniff
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M A Bujang
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S W Taher
- Bandar Sungai Petani Health Clinic, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - F I Mustapha
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
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Tsen HY, Shih CM, Teng PH, Chen HY, Lin CW, Chiou CS, Wang HTT, Chang HFG, Chung TY, Lee PY, Chiang YC. Detection of Salmonella in chicken meat by insulated isothermal PCR. J Food Prot 2013; 76:1322-9. [PMID: 23905786 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of Salmonella-contaminated foods, such as poultry and fresh eggs, is known to be one of the main causes of salmonellosis. Conventional PCR methods, including real-time PCR for rapid detection of Salmonella, in general require skilled technicians and costly instruments. A recently developed novel convective PCR, insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR), is carried out in polycarbonate capillary tubes. In this study, we designed TaqMan probes and PCR primers based on the yrfH gene encoding a heat shock protein for the iiPCR detection of Salmonella in chicken meat samples. The TaqMan probe was labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein and 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. The PCR amplicon was 133 bp. A typical run of this iiPCR assay was completed within 1 h. Specific PCR products were obtained for 148 strains representing 49 serotypes of Salmonella tested. Under the same conditions, false-positive results were not obtained for 98 non-Salmonella strains tested, including strains of Enterobacteriaceae closely related to Salmonella. For chicken meat samples, with a 5-h enrichment step Salmonella at as low as 10⁰ CFU/g of poultry meat could be detected. Because the amplification signals from the probes are detectable at 520 nm, identification of the PCR products by gel electrophoresis is not required. Compared with conventional PCR, the iiPCR system requires less expertise and provides an economical, reliable, and rapid tool for result interpretation. Detection results can be obtained within 8 h, including the enrichment and DNA extraction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Yang Tsen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hung Kuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Mallika PS, Aziz S, Goh PP, Lee PY, Cheah WL, Chong MS, Tan AK. Diabetic retinopathy in native and non-native Sarawakians--findings from the Diabetic Eye Registry. Med J Malaysia 2012; 67:369-374. [PMID: 23082443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) among natives and non-natives Sarawakians who were seen at 3 public hospitals and one health clinic in Sarawak. It is a cross sectional study where data on patients with DM were collected by staff at these healthcare facilities and entered into the web-based Diabetic Eye Registry. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to determine the association factors for DR. DR was significantly less associated with natives (24.4%) compared to non-native Sarawakians (34.1%) (p < 0.001). The odds of getting DR was higher in patients whose duration of DM was more than 20 years (OR = 2.6), who have renal impairment (OR = 1.7) and non-natives (OR = 1.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Mallika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Lee PY, Cheah WL, Chang CT, Siti Raudzah G. Childhood obesity, self-esteem and health-related quality of life among urban primary schools children in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Malays J Nutr 2012; 18:207-219. [PMID: 24575667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited data on childhood obesity and its impact on children from diverse cultural backgrounds. This study is aimed at determining the association between obesity, self-esteem and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Malaysian urban primary school children of different ethnicity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 311 children aged 11-13 years from primary schools in Kuching, Sarawak. Self-esteem and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were measured using the Lawrence Self-esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ) questionnaire and the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), respectively. Body weight and height were taken and body mass index for age calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the children were 18.2% and 15.2% respectively. Parent-proxy and child self-reported PedsQL scores were higher for normal weight children compared to thin and obese children, but lower than overweight children. At the subscale level, only parent-proxy PedsQL scores in psychosocial health and emotional component were significantly different between overweight and obese children (p=0.019, p=0.02). The Self-esteem score was significantly correlated with parent and child PedsQL scores. Although obesity was associated with lower HRQOL among children, both parent and child PedsQL scores among the overweight group were higher than that for the normal weight group. Overweight and obesity did affect quality of life and self-esteem of children in this study, particularly in the areas of psychosocial and emotional health. CONCLUSION Policy makers and programme managers should take into consideration the impact of obesity on children and parents in designing intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - W l Cheah
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 93150 Kuching, Sarawak
| | - C T Chang
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 93150 Kuching, Sarawak
| | - G Siti Raudzah
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 93150 Kuching, Sarawak
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Tsai YL, Lin YC, Chou PH, Teng PH, Lee PY. Detection of white spot syndrome virus by polymerase chain reaction performed under insulated isothermal conditions. J Virol Methods 2012; 181:134-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chang HFG, Tsai YL, Tsai CF, Lin CK, Lee PY, Teng PH, Su C, Jeng CC. A thermally baffled device for highly stabilized convective PCR. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:662-6. [PMID: 22241586 PMCID: PMC3465789 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Rayleigh-Bénard convective PCR is a simple and effective design for amplification of DNA. Convective PCR is, however, extremely sensitive to environmental temperature fluctuations, especially when using small- diameter test tubes. Therefore, this method is inherently unstable with limited applications. Here, we present a convective PCR device that has been modified by adding thermal baffles. With this thermally baffled device the influence from fluctuations in environmental temperature were significantly reduced, even in a wind tunnel (1 m/s). The thermally baffled PCR instrument described here has the potential to be used as a low-cost, point-of-care device for PCR-based molecular diagnostics in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fen Grace Chang
- Department of Research and Development, GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
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