1
|
Schlatter MI, Yandamuri SS, O'Connor KC, Nowak RJ, Pham MC, Obaid AH, Redman C, Provost M, McSweeney PA, Pearlman ML, Tees MT, Bowen JD, Nash RA, Georges GE. Remission of severe myasthenia gravis after autologous stem cell transplantation. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:2105-2113. [PMID: 37726935 PMCID: PMC10646993 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoantibody-mediated neuromuscular junction disorder involving the acetylcholine receptors on the motor endplate. The safety and response to high-dose chemotherapy (HDIT) and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) were assessed in a patient with severe refractory MG. METHODS As part of a pilot study of HDIT/HCT for patients with treatment-resistant autoimmune neurological disorders, a patient with severe refractory MG underwent treatment. After mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells with rituximab, prednisone, and G-CSF, the patient had HDIT consisting of carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin, followed by autologous HCT. The effect of treatment on the autoantibody to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) was assessed. RESULTS The patient had been diagnosed with AChR antibody-positive MG 14 years before HDIT/HCT and had failed thymectomy, therapeutic plasma exchange, and multiple immunomodulatory agents. The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification was IVb before HDIT/HCT. She tolerated HDIT/HCT well and started to improve clinically within days of treatment. At both 1 and 2 years after HDIT/HCT, patients remained symptom-free. After HDIT/HCT, AChR-binding autoantibodies persisted, and the relative frequency of immune cell subtypes shifted. INTERPRETATION HDIT/HCT induced a complete response of disease activity in a patient with severe refractory MG. This response may suggest that a cell-mediated etiology may be a significant contributing factor in refractory MG cases. A phase 2 clinical trial is warranted to establish if HDIT/HCT can be an effective therapy for severe refractory MG and to gain a further understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumya S. Yandamuri
- Department of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut06520USA
- Department of ImmunobiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut06520USA
| | - Kevin C. O'Connor
- Department of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut06520USA
- Department of ImmunobiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut06520USA
| | - Richard J. Nowak
- Department of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut06520USA
| | - Minh C. Pham
- Department of ImmunobiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut06520USA
| | - Abeer H. Obaid
- Department of NeurologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut06520USA
- Institute of Biomedical StudiesBaylor UniversityWacoTexas76706USA
| | - Callee Redman
- Colorado Blood Cancer InstituteDenverColorado80218USA
| | - Marie Provost
- Colorado Blood Cancer InstituteDenverColorado80218USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - George E. Georges
- Clinical Research DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neelapu SS, Jacobson CA, Ghobadi A, Miklos DB, Lekakis LJ, Oluwole OO, Lin Y, Braunschweig I, Hill BT, Timmerman JM, Deol A, Reagan PM, Stiff P, Flinn IW, Farooq U, Goy AH, McSweeney PA, Munoz J, Siddiqi T, Chavez JC, Herrera AF, Bartlett NL, Bot AA, Shen RR, Dong J, Singh K, Miao H, Kim JJ, Zheng Y, Locke FL. Five-year follow-up of ZUMA-1 supports the curative potential of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2023; 141:2307-2315. [PMID: 36821768 PMCID: PMC10646788 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In phase 2 of ZUMA-1, a single-arm, multicenter, registrational trial, axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy demonstrated durable responses at 2 years in patients with refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Here, we assessed outcomes in ZUMA-1 after 5 years of follow-up. Eligible adults received lymphodepleting chemotherapy followed by axi-cel (2 × 106 cells per kg). Investigator-assessed response, survival, safety, and pharmacokinetics were assessed in patients who had received treatment. The objective response rate in these 101 patients was 83% (58% complete response rate); with a median follow-up of 63.1 months, responses were ongoing in 31% of patients at data cutoff. Median overall survival (OS) was 25.8 months, and the estimated 5-year OS rate was 42.6%. Disease-specific survival (excluding deaths unrelated to disease progression) estimated at 5 years was 51.0%. No new serious adverse events or deaths related to axi-cel were observed after additional follow-up. Peripheral blood B cells were detectable in all evaluable patients at 3 years with polyclonal B-cell recovery in 91% of patients. Ongoing responses at 60 months were associated with early CAR T-cell expansion. In conclusion, this 5-year follow-up analysis of ZUMA-1 demonstrates sustained overall and disease-specific survival, with no new safety signals in patients with refractory LBCL. Protracted B-cell aplasia was not required for durable responses. These findings support the curative potential of axi-cel in a subset of patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, as #NCT02348216.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sattva S. Neelapu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Armin Ghobadi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - David B. Miklos
- Department of Medicine–Med/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lazaros J. Lekakis
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL
| | | | - Yi Lin
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ira Braunschweig
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Brian T. Hill
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - John M. Timmerman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Abhinav Deol
- Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Patrick M. Reagan
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY
| | - Patrick Stiff
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
| | - Ian W. Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Andre H. Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | | | - Javier Munoz
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tanya Siddiqi
- Division of Lymphoma, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Alex F. Herrera
- Division of Lymphoma, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Nancy L. Bartlett
- Washington University School of Medicine and Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | | | - Harry Miao
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA
| | | | - Yan Zheng
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oluwole OO, Forcade E, Muñoz J, de Guibert S, Vose JM, Bartlett NL, Lin Y, Deol A, McSweeney PA, Goy AH, Kersten MJ, Jacobson CA, Farooq U, Minnema MC, Thieblemont C, Timmerman JM, Stiff P, Avivi I, Tzachanis D, Zheng Y, Vardhanabhuti S, Nater J, Shen RR, Miao H, Kim JJ, van Meerten T. Prophylactic Corticosteroid Use with Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Axi-Cel) in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed/ Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma (R/R LBCL): 2-Year Follow-up of Zuma-1 Cohort 6. Transplant Cell Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(23)00575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
4
|
Wang M, Munoz J, Goy A, Locke FL, Jacobson CA, Hill BT, Timmerman JM, Holmes H, Jaglowski S, Flinn IW, McSweeney PA, Miklos DB, Pagel JM, Kersten MJ, Bouabdallah K, Khanal R, Topp MS, Houot R, Beitinjaneh A, Peng W, Fang X, Shen RR, Siddiqi R, Kloos I, Reagan PM. Three-Year Follow-Up of KTE-X19 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Including High-Risk Subgroups, in the ZUMA-2 Study. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:555-567. [PMID: 35658525 PMCID: PMC9870225 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brexucabtagene autoleucel (KTE-X19) autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Outcomes after a 3-year follow-up in the pivotal ZUMA-2 study of KTE-X19 in relapsed/refractory MCL are reported, including for subgroups by prior therapy (bendamustine and type of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor [BTKi]) or high-risk characteristics. METHODS Patients with relapsed/refractory MCL (one to five prior therapies, including prior BTKi exposure) received a single infusion of KTE-X19 (2 × 106 CAR T cells/kg). RESULTS After a median follow-up of 35.6 months, the objective response rate among all 68 treated patients was 91% (95% CI, 81.8 to 96.7) with 68% complete responses (95% CI, 55.2 to 78.5); medians for duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 28.2 months (95% CI, 13.5 to 47.1), 25.8 months (95% CI, 9.6 to 47.6), and 46.6 months (95% CI, 24.9 to not estimable), respectively. Post hoc analyses showed that objective response rates and ongoing response rates were consistent among prespecified subgroups by prior BTKi exposure or high-risk characteristics. In an exploratory analysis, patients with prior bendamustine benefited from KTE-X19, but showed a trend toward attenuated T-cell functionality, with more impact of bendamustine given within 6 versus 12 months of leukapheresis. Late-onset toxicities were infrequent; only 3% of treatment-emergent adverse events of interest in ZUMA-2 occurred during this longer follow-up period. Translational assessments revealed associations with long-term benefits of KTE-X19 including high-peak CAR T-cell expansion in responders and the predictive value of minimal residual disease for relapse. CONCLUSION These data, representing the longest follow-up of CAR T-cell therapy in patients with MCL to date, suggest that KTE-X19 induced durable long-term responses with manageable safety in patients with relapsed/refractory MCL and may also benefit those with high-risk characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,Michael Wang, MD, Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030; Twitter: @michaelwangmd; e-mail:
| | | | - Andre Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University, Hackensack, NJ
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian W. Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | - Marie José Kersten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands, on behalf of HOVON/LLPC
| | - Krimo Bouabdallah
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d’Hématologie et thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Max S. Topp
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roch Houot
- CHU Rennes, Université Rennes, INSERM & EFS, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Xiang Fang
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oluwole OO, Bouabdallah K, Muñoz J, De Guibert S, Vose JM, Bartlett NL, Lin Y, Deol A, McSweeney PA, Goy AH, Kersten MJ, Jacobson CA, Farooq U, Minnema MC, Thieblemont C, Timmerman JM, Stiff P, Avivi I, Tzachanis D, Kim JJ, Bashir Z, McLeroy J, Zheng Y, Rossi JM, Johnson L, Goyal L, van Meerten T. Prophylactic corticosteroid use in patients receiving axicabtagene ciloleucel for large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:690-700. [PMID: 34296427 PMCID: PMC8457222 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ZUMA‐1 (NCT02348216) examined the safety and efficacy of axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel), an autologous CD19‐directed chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy, in refractory large B‐cell lymphoma. To reduce treatment‐related toxicity, several exploratory safety management cohorts were added to ZUMA‐1. Specifically, cohort 6 investigated management of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic events (NEs) with prophylactic corticosteroids and earlier corticosteroid and tocilizumab intervention. CRS and NE incidence and severity were primary end‐points. Following leukapheresis, patients could receive optional bridging therapy per investigator discretion. All patients received conditioning chemotherapy (days −5 through −3), 2 × 106 CAR‐T cells/kg (day 0) and once‐daily oral dexamethasone [10 mg, day 0 (before axi‐cel) through day 2]. Forty patients received axi‐cel. CRS occurred in 80% of patients (all grade ≤2). Any grade and grade 3 or higher NEs occurred in 58% and 13% of patients respectively. Sixty‐eight per cent of patients did not experience CRS or NEs within 72 h of axi‐cel. With a median follow‐up of 8·9 months, objective and complete response rates were 95% and 80% respectively. Overall, prophylactic corticosteroids and earlier corticosteroid and/or tocilizumab intervention resulted in no grade 3 or higher CRS, a low rate of grade 3 or higher NEs and high response rates in this study population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krimo Bouabdallah
- Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA
| | | | - Julie M Vose
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nancy L Bartlett
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abhinav Deol
- Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Andre H Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Marie José Kersten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, on behalf of HOVON/LLPC
| | | | | | - Monique C Minnema
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands, on behalf of HOVON/LLPC
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Hemato-oncology, DMU HI; Research Unit NF-kappaB, Différenciation et Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Stiff
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Irit Avivi
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Jenny J Kim
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Zheng
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tom van Meerten
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, on behalf of HOVON/PPLC
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang M, Munoz J, Goy A, Locke FL, Jacobson CA, Hill BT, Timmerman J, Holmes H, Jaglowski S, Flinn I, McSweeney PA, Miklos DB, Kersten MJ, Bouabdallah K, Topp MS, Shen R, Kloos I, Peng W, Fang X, Reagan PM. Outcomes with KTE-X19 in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in ZUMA-2 who had progression of disease within 24 months of diagnosis (POD24). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7547 Background: KTE-X19 is an autologous anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy approved in the US and EU for the treatment of R/R MCL. In the ZUMA-2 study of KTE-X19 in R/R MCL, the objective response rate (ORR) at a median 17.5-mo follow-up was 92% (67% complete responses [CR]; Wang et al. ASH 2020 #1120). Here, we report results in pts with or w/o POD24, an indicator of poor outcomes (Visco et al. Br J Haematol 2019). Methods: Eligible pts with R/R MCL underwent leukapheresis and conditioning chemotherapy followed by a single infusion of KTE-X19. Efficacy results are reported for the 60 treated pts with ≥1 y of follow-up (median 17.5 mo); safety results are presented for all 68 treated pts. Results: High-risk disease characteristics were common in pts with (n=33) and w/o POD24 (n=35), although pts with POD24 had higher tumor burden and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and more had blastoid type MCL (Table). ORR in pts with (n=28) and w/o POD24 (n=32) was 93% and 91%, with CR rates of 61% and 72%. In pts with and w/o POD24, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.3 mo (range, 0.9–30.3) and 29.3 mo (range, 0–35.9). Medians for duration of response (DOR) and overall survival (OS) were not reached in either group. Most common Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) in pts with vs w/o POD24 were neutropenia (91% vs 80%), thrombocytopenia (61% vs 46%), and anemia (55% vs 51%); Grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic events occurred in 9% vs 20% and 27% vs 34%, respectively. There were no cases of Grade 5 CRS, KTE-X19–related secondary cancers, or replication-competent retrovirus in either group. In pts with vs w/o POD24, median peak CAR T-cell levels and median area under the curve were 53.4 cells/µL (range, 0.2–2566) and 583.4 cells/µL (range, 1.8–27,743.6) vs 112.4 cells/µL (range, 0.2–2589) and 1588.3 cells/µL (range, 3.8–27,238.7); by 12 mo, B cells were detectable in 8/11 (73%) vs 7/15 pts (47%) in ongoing response. Conclusions: KTE-X19 provided a high CR rate across all pts, with median DOR and OS not reached. Pts with POD24 had more aggressive high-risk disease characteristics (tumor burden, LDH levels, and blastoid MCL) and generally lower CAR T-cell expansion and PFS vs pts w/o POD24. Earlier intervention with CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy may benefit pts with MCL with known high-risk factors. Clinical trial information: NCT02601313. [Table: see text]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andre Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samantha Jaglowski
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology, Columbus, OH
| | - Ian Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute and Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Marie José Kersten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, and on behalf of HOVON/LLPC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Krimo Bouabdallah
- CHU Bordeaux, Service d’Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux, France
| | - Max S. Topp
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rhine Shen
- Kite, A Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA
| | | | | | - Xiang Fang
- Kite, A Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oluwole OO, Bouabdallah K, Muñoz J, De Guibert S, Vose JM, Bartlett NL, Lin Y, Deol A, McSweeney PA, Goy AH, Kersten MJ, Jacobson CA, Farooq U, Minnema MC, Thieblemont C, Timmerman JM, Stiff P, Avivi I, Tzachanis D, Kim JJ, Bashir Z, McLeroy J, Goyal L, Johnson L, Zheng Y, van Meerten T. Prophylactic Steroid Use with Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Axi-Cel) in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed/Refractory Large B Cell Lymphoma (R/R LBCL). Transplant Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(21)00096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Jacobson CA, Locke FL, Ghobadi A, Miklos DB, Lekakis LJ, Oluwole OO, Lin Y, Braunschweig I, Hill BT, Timmerman JM, Deol A, Reagan PM, Stiff P, Flinn IW, Farooq U, Goy AH, McSweeney PA, Munoz J, Siddiqi T, Rossi JM, Bot A, Zheng L, Vezan R, Bashir Z, Kim JJ, Chu R, Neelapu SS. Long-Term Survival and Gradual Recovery of B Cells in Patients (Pts) with Refractory Large B Cell Lymphoma (LBCL) Treated with Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Axi-Cel). Transplant Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(21)00520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Eghtedar A, Nash R, Gooley TA, Gregory T, Matous J, Mountjoy L, Murphy J, Rotta M, Schade H, Tees M, McSweeney PA, Maris M. Non-Myeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (NMA HSCT) Utilizing Low-Dose Total Body Irradiation (TBI) Plus Fludarabine (Flu): A Comparison of Single-Center Based Flu 150 mg/m2 Plus 400 Cgy TBI Versus Flu 90 mg/m2 and 200 Cgy TBI Containing Regimens. Transplant Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(21)00281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Wang ML, Munoz J, Goy AH, Locke FL, Jacobson CA, Hill BT, Timmerman JM, Holmes H, Jaglowski S, Flinn IW, McSweeney PA, Miklos DB, Pagel JM, Kersten MJ, Milpied N, Fung H, Topp MS, Houot R, Beitinjaneh A, Peng W, Zheng L, Rossi JM, Murugappan S, Kloos I, Reagan PM. One-Year Follow-up of ZUMA-2, the Multicenter, Registrational Study of KTE-X19 in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL). Transplant Cell Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-6367(21)00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Osborne W, Marzolini M, Tholouli E, Ramakrishnan A, Bachier CR, McSweeney PA, Irvine D, Zhang M, Al-Hajj MA, Pule M, Thomas S, Jonnaert M, Peddareddigari VGR, Khokhar NZ, Chen RW, Ardeshna K. Phase I Alexander study of AUTO3, the first CD19/22 dual targeting CAR T cell therapy, with pembrolizumab in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) DLBCL. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.8001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8001 Background: CD19 directed CAR T cells are effective in patients with r/r DLBCL, however relapses due to CD19 loss or PDL1 upregulation are common. In this study, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of AUTO3, a CAR T targeting CD19/22 with limited duration of PD-1 blockade. Methods: We constructed a bicistronic retroviral vector encoding both an anti-CD19 (OX40 co-stim) and an anti-CD22 (41BB co-stim) CAR with humanized binders. The cell product was manufactured in a semi-automated and closed process using CliniMACS Prodigy. Patients (≥ 18 years) with r/r DLBCL (NOS) or transformed (tDLBCL); ECOG <2, adequate organ function are eligible. Lymphodepletion was Flu/Cy prior to AUTO3. Bridging therapy was allowed. The three dose levels explored are 50, 150, and 450 x 10^6 CAR T cells. Patients received AUTO3 alone, or with 3 doses of pembrolizumab (pem) 200 mg q 3 wks starting on D14 (regimen A), or with a single dose of pem 200 mg on D-1 (regimen B). The primary endpoint is frequency of DLTs and grade (G) 3-5 adverse events (AE) and secondary endpoints included ORR, CRR, and biomarkers. Results: As of Jan 21, 2020, 28 patients underwent leukapheresis, 27 successfully manufactured, 1 being manufactured, and 19 patients treated with AUTO3. The median age was 57 (28 - 71) and median number of prior therapies was 3 (2 - 10). 89% had refractory disease, 74% were DLBCL NOS, and 26% were tDLBCL. Dose escalation from 50 to 450 x 106 cells with pem regimen A and B have been completed without DLTs. G > 3 treatment emergent AEs that occurred > 15% were neutropenia (89%), thrombocytopenia (58%), anemia (47%), febrile neutropenia (16%), and hypophosphataemia (16%). Across all dose levels, there were 0% sCRS with primary infusion and 5% severe neurotoxicity (sNT) (1/19), which resolved. There were no cases of sCRS and no neurotoxicity of any grade at > 50 x 106 cells. Eighteen patients were evaluable for efficacy. Among the 11 treated at dose > 50 x 106, the ORR and CRR were 64% and 55%, and all CRs are ongoing (1-12 mth). Two out of 3 patients achieved CR at 450 x 106 cells on pem regimen B. Additional patients and longer follow up, as well as biomarkers, will be presented. Conclusions: AUTO3 at > 50 x 106 CAR T cells with pembrolizumab induces CRs without severe CRS or neurotoxicities of any grade. Clinical trial information: NCT03287817 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Irvine
- Glasgow Queen Elizabeth University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martin Pule
- Autolus Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kirit Ardeshna
- University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang M, Munoz J, Goy A, Locke FL, Jacobson CA, Hill BT, Timmerman JM, Holmes H, Jaglowski S, Flinn IW, McSweeney PA, Miklos DB, Pagel JM, Kersten MJ, Milpied N, Fung H, Topp MS, Houot R, Beitinjaneh A, Peng W, Zheng L, Rossi JM, Jain RK, Rao AV, Reagan PM. KTE-X19 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed or Refractory Mantle-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1331-1342. [PMID: 32242358 PMCID: PMC7731441 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1914347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 969] [Impact Index Per Article: 242.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma who have disease progression during or after the receipt of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapy have a poor prognosis. KTE-X19, an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, may have benefit in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. METHODS In a multicenter, phase 2 trial, we evaluated KTE-X19 in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. Patients had disease that had relapsed or was refractory after the receipt of up to five previous therapies; all patients had to have received BTK inhibitor therapy previously. Patients underwent leukapheresis and optional bridging therapy, followed by conditioning chemotherapy and a single infusion of KTE-X19 at a dose of 2×106 CAR T cells per kilogram of body weight. The primary end point was the percentage of patients with an objective response (complete or partial response) as assessed by an independent radiologic review committee according to the Lugano classification. Per the protocol, the primary efficacy analysis was to be conducted after 60 patients had been treated and followed for 7 months. RESULTS A total of 74 patients were enrolled. KTE-X19 was manufactured for 71 patients and administered to 68. The primary efficacy analysis showed that 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84 to 98) of the 60 patients in the primary efficacy analysis had an objective response; 67% (95% CI, 53 to 78) had a complete response. In an intention-to-treat analysis involving all 74 patients, 85% had an objective response; 59% had a complete response. At a median follow-up of 12.3 months (range, 7.0 to 32.3), 57% of the 60 patients in the primary efficacy analysis were in remission. At 12 months, the estimated progression-free survival and overall survival were 61% and 83%, respectively. Common adverse events of grade 3 or higher were cytopenias (in 94% of the patients) and infections (in 32%). Grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome and neurologic events occurred in 15% and 31% of patients, respectively; none were fatal. Two grade 5 infectious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS KTE-X19 induced durable remissions in a majority of patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. The therapy led to serious and life-threatening toxic effects that were consistent with those reported with other CAR T-cell therapies. (Funded by Kite, a Gilead company; ZUMA-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02601313.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wang
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Javier Munoz
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Andre Goy
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Frederick L Locke
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Caron A Jacobson
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Brian T Hill
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - John M Timmerman
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Houston Holmes
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Samantha Jaglowski
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Ian W Flinn
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Peter A McSweeney
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - David B Miklos
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - John M Pagel
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Marie-Jose Kersten
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Noel Milpied
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Henry Fung
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Max S Topp
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Roch Houot
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Amer Beitinjaneh
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Weimin Peng
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Lianqing Zheng
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - John M Rossi
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Rajul K Jain
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Arati V Rao
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| | - Patrick M Reagan
- From the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (M.W.), and Texas Oncology, Dallas (H.H.); Banner M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ (J.M.); John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ (A.G.); Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (F.L.L.), and the University of Miami, Miami (A.B.) - both in Florida; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston (C.A.J.); Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland (B.T.H.), and the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (S.J.); David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.M.T.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (D.B.M.), and Kite, a Gilead company, Santa Monica (W.P., L.Z., J.M.R., R.K.J., A.V.R.) - all in California; Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (I.W.F.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M.); Swedish Cancer Institute, Seattle (J.M.P.); the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, for the Lunenburg Lymphoma Phase I/II Consortium (M.-J.K.); Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service d'Hematologie et Therapie Cellulaire, Bordeaux (N.M.), and CHU Rennes, INSERM French Blood Establishment, Rennes (R.H.) - both in France; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia (H.F.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.S.T.); and the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (P.M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shadman M, Maloney DG, Storer B, Sandmaier BM, Chauncey TR, Smedegaard Andersen N, Niederwieser D, Shizuru J, Bruno B, Pulsipher MA, Maziarz RT, Agura ED, Hari P, Langston AA, Maris MB, McSweeney PA, Storb R, Sorror ML. Rituximab-based allogeneic transplant for chronic lymphocytic leukemia with comparison to historical experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:172-181. [PMID: 31481800 PMCID: PMC6940535 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Relapse of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains a clinical challenge. We studied in a phase II trial whether the addition of peri-transplant rituximab would reduce the relapse risk compared with historical controls (n = 157). Patients (n = 55) received fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation combined with rituximab on days -3, + 10, + 24, + 36. Relapse rate at 3 years was significantly lower among rituximab-treated patients versus controls (17% versus 31%; P = 0.04). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) were statistically similar: (53% versus 50%; P = 0.8), (44% versus 42%; P = 0.63), and (38% versus 28%; P = 0.2), respectively. In multivariate analysis, rituximab treatment was associated with lower relapse rates both in the overall cohort [hazard ratio (HR): 0.34, P = 0.006] and in patients with high-risk cytogenetics (HR: 0.21, P = 0.0003). Patients with no comorbidities who received rituximab conditioning had an OS rate of 100% and 75% at 1 and 3 years, respectively, with no NRM. Peri-transplant rituximab reduced relapse rates regardless of high-risk cytogenetics. HCT is associated with minimal NRM in patients without comorbidities and is a viable option for patients with high-risk CLL. Clinical trial information: NCT00867529.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Shadman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David G Maloney
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barry Storer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas R Chauncey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dietger Niederwieser
- Division of Haematology and Medical Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Benedetto Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard T Maziarz
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Edward D Agura
- Blood & Marrow Transplant Program, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rainer Storb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mohamed L Sorror
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Locke FL, Ghobadi A, Jacobson CA, Miklos DB, Lekakis LJ, Oluwole OO, Lin Y, Braunschweig I, Hill BT, Timmerman JM, Deol A, Reagan PM, Stiff P, Flinn IW, Farooq U, Goy A, McSweeney PA, Munoz J, Siddiqi T, Chavez JC, Herrera AF, Bartlett NL, Wiezorek JS, Navale L, Xue A, Jiang Y, Bot A, Rossi JM, Kim JJ, Go WY, Neelapu SS. Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1-2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2018; 20:31-42. [PMID: 30518502 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1331] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axicabtagene ciloleucel is an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. In the previous analysis of the ZUMA-1 registrational study, with a median follow-up of 15·4 months (IQR 13·7-17·3), 89 (82%) of 108 assessable patients with refractory large B-cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel achieved an objective response, and complete responses were noted in 63 (58%) patients. Here we report long-term activity and safety outcomes of the ZUMA-1 study. METHODS ZUMA-1 is a single-arm, multicentre, registrational trial at 22 sites in the USA and Israel. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older, and had histologically confirmed large B-cell lymphoma-including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, and transformed follicular lymphoma-according to the 2008 WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue; refractory disease or relapsed after autologous stem-cell transplantation; an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1; and had previously received an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody containing-regimen and an anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. Participants received one dose of axicabtagene ciloleucel on day 0 at a target dose of 2 × 106 CAR T cells per kg of bodyweight after conditioning chemotherapy with intravenous fludarabine (30 mg/m2 body-surface area) and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2 body-surface area) on days -5, -4, and -3. The primary endpoints were safety for phase 1 and the proportion of patients achieving an objective response for phase 2, and key secondary endpoints were overall survival, progression-free survival, and duration of response. Pre-planned activity and safety analyses were done per protocol. ZUMA-1 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02348216. Although the registrational cohorts are closed, the trial remains open, and recruitment to extension cohorts with alternative endpoints is underway. FINDINGS Between May 19, 2015, and Sept 15, 2016, 119 patients were enrolled and 108 received axicabtagene ciloleucel across phases 1 and 2. As of the cutoff date of Aug 11, 2018, 101 patients assessable for activity in phase 2 were followed up for a median of 27·1 months (IQR 25·7-28·8), 84 (83%) had an objective response, and 59 (58%) had a complete response. The median duration of response was 11·1 months (4·2-not estimable). The median overall survival was not reached (12·8-not estimable), and the median progression-free survival was 5·9 months (95% CI 3·3-15·0). 52 (48%) of 108 patients assessable for safety in phases 1 and 2 had grade 3 or worse serious adverse events. Grade 3 or worse cytokine release syndrome occurred in 12 (11%) patients, and grade 3 or worse neurological events in 35 (32%). Since the previous analysis at 1 year, additional serious adverse events were reported in four patients (grade 3 mental status changes, grade 4 myelodysplastic syndrome, grade 3 lung infection, and two episodes of grade 3 bacteraemia), none of which were judged to be treatment related. Two treatment-related deaths (due to haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and cardiac arrest) were previously reported, but no new treatment-related deaths occurred during the additional follow-up. INTERPRETATION These 2-year follow-up data from ZUMA-1 suggest that axicabtagene ciloleucel can induce durable responses and a median overall survival of greater than 2 years, and has a manageable long-term safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma. FUNDING Kite and the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Therapy Acceleration Program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Ghobadi
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - David B Miklos
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lazaros J Lekakis
- University of Miami Health System, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Yi Lin
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ira Braunschweig
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Abhinav Deol
- Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Patrick Stiff
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ian W Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Andre Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Javier Munoz
- Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA
| | - Tanya Siddiqi
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maffini E, Storer BE, Sandmaier BM, Bruno B, Sahebi F, Shizuru JA, Chauncey TR, Hari P, Lange T, Pulsipher MA, McSweeney PA, Holmberg L, Becker PS, Green DJ, Mielcarek M, Maloney DG, Storb R. Long-term follow up of tandem autologous-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2018; 104:380-391. [PMID: 30262560 PMCID: PMC6355483 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported initial results in 102 multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated with sequential high-dose melphalan and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation followed by 200 cGy total body irradiation with or without fludarabine 90 mg/m2 and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here we present long-term clinical outcomes among the 102 initial patients and among 142 additional patients, with a median follow up of 8.3 (range 1.0-18.1) years. Donors included human leukocyte antigen identical siblings (n=179) and HLA-matched unrelated donors (n=65). A total of 209 patients (86%) received tandem autologous-allogeneic upfront, while thirty-five patients (14%) had failed a previous autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation before the planned autologous-allogeneic transplantation. Thirty-one patients received maintenance treatment at a median of 86 days (range, 61-150) after allogeneic transplantation. Five-year rates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 54% and 31%, respectively. Ten-year OS and PFS were 41% and 19%, respectively. Overall non-relapse mortality was 2% at 100 days and 14% at five years. Patients with induction-refractory disease and those with high-risk biological features experienced shorter OS and PFS. A total of 152 patients experienced disease relapse and 117 of those received salvage treatment. Eighty-three of the 117 patients achieved a clinical response, and for those, the median duration of survival after relapse was 7.8 years. Moreover, a subset of patients who became negative for minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry experienced a significantly lower relapse rate as compared with MRD-positive patients (P=0.03). Our study showed that the graft-versus-myeloma effect after non-myeloablative allografting allowed long-term disease control in standard and high-risk patient subsets. Ultra-high-risk patients did not appear to benefit from tandem autologous/allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation because of early disease relapse. Incorporation of newer anti-MM agents into the initial induction treatments before tandem hematopoietic cell transplantation and during maintenance might improve outcomes of ultra-high-risk patients. Clinical trials included in this study are registered at: clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: 00075478, 00005799, 01251575, 00078858, 00105001, 00027820, 00089011, 00003196, 00006251, 00793572, 00054353, 00014235, 00003954.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maffini
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barry E Storer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Firoozeh Sahebi
- City of Hope National Medical Center/Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas R Chauncey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,VA Puget Sound Medical Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leona Holmberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pamela S Becker
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Damian J Green
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marco Mielcarek
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David G Maloney
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rainer Storb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Seattle, WA, USA .,Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang M, Locke FL, Munoz J, Goy A, Holmes HE, Siddiqi T, Flinn I, McSweeney PA, Reagan PM, Hill BT, Jacobson CA, Rizzieri DA, Heffner LT, Jaglowski SM, Miklos DB, Shaughnessy P, Unabia S, Rossi JM, Jiang Y, Jain RK. ZUMA-2: Phase 2 multicenter study evaluating efficacy of kte-C19 in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.tps3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Javier Munoz
- Cancer Immunology Program, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - Andre Goy
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | | | - Tanya Siddiqi
- City Of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Ian Flinn
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sullivan KM, Goldmuntz EA, Keyes-Elstein L, McSweeney PA, Pinckney A, Welch B, Mayes MD, Nash RA, Crofford LJ, Eggleston B, Castina S, Griffith LM, Goldstein JS, Wallace D, Craciunescu O, Khanna D, Folz RJ, Goldin J, St Clair EW, Seibold JR, Phillips K, Mineishi S, Simms RW, Ballen K, Wener MH, Georges GE, Heimfeld S, Hosing C, Forman S, Kafaja S, Silver RM, Griffing L, Storek J, LeClercq S, Brasington R, Csuka ME, Bredeson C, Keever-Taylor C, Domsic RT, Kahaleh MB, Medsger T, Furst DE. Myeloablative Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Severe Scleroderma. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:35-47. [PMID: 29298160 PMCID: PMC5846574 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1703327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite current therapies, diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) often has a devastating outcome. We compared myeloablative CD34+ selected autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with immunosuppression by means of 12 monthly infusions of cyclophosphamide in patients with scleroderma. METHODS We randomly assigned adults (18 to 69 years of age) with severe scleroderma to undergo myeloablative autologous stem-cell transplantation (36 participants) or to receive cyclophosphamide (39 participants). The primary end point was a global rank composite score comparing participants with each other on the basis of a hierarchy of disease features assessed at 54 months: death, event-free survival (survival without respiratory, renal, or cardiac failure), forced vital capacity, the score on the Disability Index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire, and the modified Rodnan skin score. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat population, global rank composite scores at 54 months showed the superiority of transplantation (67% of 1404 pairwise comparisons favored transplantation and 33% favored cyclophosphamide, P=0.01). In the per-protocol population (participants who received a transplant or completed ≥9 doses of cyclophosphamide), the rate of event-free survival at 54 months was 79% in the transplantation group and 50% in the cyclophosphamide group (P=0.02). At 72 months, Kaplan-Meier estimates of event-free survival (74% vs. 47%) and overall survival (86% vs. 51%) also favored transplantation (P=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). A total of 9% of the participants in the transplantation group had initiated disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) by 54 months, as compared with 44% of those in the cyclophosphamide group (P=0.001). Treatment-related mortality in the transplantation group was 3% at 54 months and 6% at 72 months, as compared with 0% in the cyclophosphamide group. CONCLUSIONS Myeloablative autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation achieved long-term benefits in patients with scleroderma, including improved event-free and overall survival, at a cost of increased expected toxicity. Rates of treatment-related death and post-transplantation use of DMARDs were lower than those in previous reports of nonmyeloablative transplantation. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00114530 .).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Sullivan
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Ellen A Goldmuntz
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Lynette Keyes-Elstein
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Peter A McSweeney
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Ashley Pinckney
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Beverly Welch
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Richard A Nash
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Barry Eggleston
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Sharon Castina
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Linda M Griffith
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Julia S Goldstein
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Dennis Wallace
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Oana Craciunescu
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Rodney J Folz
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Jonathan Goldin
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - E William St Clair
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - James R Seibold
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Kristine Phillips
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Shin Mineishi
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Robert W Simms
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Karen Ballen
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Mark H Wener
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - George E Georges
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Shelly Heimfeld
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Chitra Hosing
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Stephen Forman
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Suzanne Kafaja
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Richard M Silver
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Leroy Griffing
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Jan Storek
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Sharon LeClercq
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Richard Brasington
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Mary E Csuka
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Christopher Bredeson
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Carolyn Keever-Taylor
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Robyn T Domsic
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - M Bashar Kahaleh
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Thomas Medsger
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| | - Daniel E Furst
- From the Duke University Medical Center (K.M.S., O.C., E.W.S.C.) and RTI International (D.W.), Durham, and Rho Federal Systems Division, Chapel Hill (L.K.-E., A.P., B.E., S.C.) - all in North Carolina; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD (E.A.G., B.W., L.M.G., J.S.G.); Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Denver (P.A.M., R.A.N.); University of Texas McGovern Medical School (M.D.M.) and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (C.H.) - both in Houston; Vanderbilt University, Nashville (L.J.C., K.P.); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.K., J.R.S.); Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland (R.J.F.); University of Alabama, Birmingham (S.M.); Boston University, Boston (R.W.S.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.B.); University of Washington (M.H.W., D.E.F.) and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (G.E.G., S.H.) - both in Seattle; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (J.G., S.K., D.E.F.); City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (S.F.); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (R.M.S.); Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (L.G.); University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (J.S., S.L.); Washington University, St. Louis (R.B.); Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (M.E.C., C.K.-T.); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa (C.B.); University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (T.M., R.T.D.); and University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH (M.B.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shadman M, Sorror ML, Sandmaier BM, Storer B, Chauncey TR, Andersen NS, Niederwieser D, Shizuru J, Bruno B, Pulsipher M, Maziarz RT, Agura ED, Hari P, Langston AA, Maris MB, McSweeney PA, Storb R, Maloney DG. Adding peri-transplant rituximab to nonmyeloablative (NMA) conditioning before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) to improve disease-related outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Phase II clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barry Storer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Dietger Niederwieser
- Universitatsklinikum Leipzig AoR, Abt. Hamatologie und internistische Onkologie, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
McSweeney PA, Bachier C, Berdeja JG, Safah H, Elayan MM, LeMaistre CF, Billups R, Cox T. A Network Approach to Standardization of BMT Pathways. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.11.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
20
|
Jensen IS, Halbert RJ, Rossi G, Naoshy S, Iqbal SU, Xiao Z, McSweeney PA. A hospital budget impact model to compare stem cell mobilisation strategies: impact of primary research and direct stakeholder engagement. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2014-000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
|
21
|
Storb R, Gyurkocza B, Storer BE, Sorror ML, Blume K, Niederwieser D, Chauncey TR, Pulsipher MA, Petersen FB, Sahebi F, Agura ED, Hari P, Bruno B, McSweeney PA, Maris MB, Maziarz RT, Langston AA, Bethge W, Vindeløv L, Franke GN, Laport GG, Yeager AM, Hübel K, Deeg HJ, Georges GE, Flowers MED, Martin PJ, Mielcarek M, Woolfrey AE, Maloney DG, Sandmaier BM. Graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-tumor effects after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:1530-8. [PMID: 23478054 PMCID: PMC3625710 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.45.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We designed a minimal-intensity conditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies unable to tolerate high-intensity regimens because of age, serious comorbidities, or previous high-dose HCT. The regimen allows the purest assessment of graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects apart from conditioning and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) not augmented by regimen-related toxicities. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received low-dose total-body irradiation ± fludarabine before HCT from HLA-matched related (n = 611) or unrelated (n = 481) donors, followed by mycophenolate mofetil and a calcineurin inhibitor to aid engraftment and control GVHD. Median patient age was 56 years (range, 7 to 75 years). Forty-five percent of patients had comorbidity scores of ≥ 3. Median follow-up time was 5 years (range, 0.6 to 12.7 years). RESULTS Depending on disease risk, comorbidities, and GVHD, lasting remissions were seen in 45% to 75% of patients, and 5-year survival ranged from 25% to 60%. At 5 years, the nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rate was 24%, and the relapse mortality rate was 34.5%. Most NRM was a result of GVHD. The most significant factors associated with GVHD-associated NRM were serious comorbidities and grafts from unrelated donors. Most relapses occurred early while the immune system was compromised. GVT effects were comparable after unrelated and related grafts. Chronic GVHD, but not acute GVHD, further increased GVT effects. The potential benefit associated with chronic GVHD was outweighed by increased NRM. CONCLUSION Allogeneic HCT relying on GVT effects is feasible and results in cures of an appreciable number of malignancies. Improved results could come from methods that control progression of malignancy early after HCT and effectively prevent GVHD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pasquini MC, Voltarelli J, Atkins HL, Hamerschlak N, Zhong X, Ahn KW, Sullivan KM, Carrum G, Andrey J, Bredeson CN, Cairo M, Gale RP, Hahn T, Storek J, Horowitz MM, McSweeney PA, Griffith LM, Muraro PA, Pavletic SZ, Nash RA. Transplantation for autoimmune diseases in north and South America: a report of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:1471-8. [PMID: 22705497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an emerging therapy for patients with severe autoimmune diseases (AID). We report data on 368 patients with AID who underwent HCT in 64 North and South American transplantation centers reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research between 1996 and 2009. Most of the HCTs involved autologous grafts (n = 339); allogeneic HCT (n = 29) was done mostly in children. The most common indications for HCT were multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The median age at transplantation was 38 years for autologous HCT and 25 years for allogeneic HCT. The corresponding times from diagnosis to HCT were 35 months and 24 months. Three-year overall survival after autologous HCT was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81%-91%). Median follow-up of survivors was 31 months (range, 1-144 months). The most common causes of death were AID progression, infections, and organ failure. On multivariate analysis, the risk of death was higher in patients at centers that performed fewer than 5 autologous HCTs (relative risk, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-11.1; P = .03) and those that performed 5 to 15 autologous HCTs for AID during the study period (relative risk, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.5-11.7; P = .006) compared with patients at centers that performed more than 15 autologous HCTs for AID during the study period. AID is an emerging indication for HCT in the region. Collaboration of hematologists and other disease specialists with an outcomes database is important to promote optimal patient selection, analysis of the impact of prognostic variables and long-term outcomes, and development of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C Pasquini
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bowen JD, Kraft GH, Wundes A, Guan Q, Maravilla KR, Gooley TA, McSweeney PA, Pavletic SZ, Openshaw H, Storb R, Wener M, McLaughlin BA, Henstorf GR, Nash RA. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation following high-dose immunosuppressive therapy for advanced multiple sclerosis: long-term results. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 47:946-51. [PMID: 22056644 PMCID: PMC3276694 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of high-dose immunosuppressive therapy (HDIT) followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) in advanced multiple sclerosis (MS). Total body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin were followed by transplantation of autologous, CD34-selected peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). Neurological examinations, brain MRIs and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for oligoclonal bands (OCB) were serially evaluated. Patients (n=26, mean EDSS=7.0, 17 secondary progressive, 8 primary progressive, 1 relapsing/remitting) were followed for a median of 48 months after HDIT followed by AHCT. The 72-month probability of worsening ≥ 1.0 EDSS point was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.75). Five patients had an EDSS at baseline of ≤ 6.0; four of these had not failed treatment at last study visit. OCB in CSF persisted with minor changes in the banding pattern. Four new or enhancing lesions were seen on MRI, all within 13 months of treatment. In this population with high baseline EDSS, a significant proportion of patients with advanced MS remained stable as long as 7 years after transplant. Non-inflammatory events may have contributed to neurological worsening after treatment. HDIT/AHCT may be more effective in patients with less advanced relapsing/remitting MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Bowen
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sorror ML, Sandmaier BM, Storer BE, Franke GN, Laport GG, Chauncey TR, Agura E, Maziarz RT, Langston A, Hari P, Pulsipher MA, Bethge W, Sahebi F, Bruno B, Maris MB, Yeager A, Petersen FB, Vindeløv L, McSweeney PA, Hübel K, Mielcarek M, Georges GE, Niederwieser D, Blume KG, Maloney DG, Storb R. Long-term outcomes among older patients following nonmyeloablative conditioning and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for advanced hematologic malignancies. JAMA 2011; 306:1874-83. [PMID: 22045765 PMCID: PMC3217787 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A minimally toxic nonmyeloablative regimen was developed for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to treat patients with advanced hematologic malignancies who are older or have comorbid conditions. OBJECTIVE To describe outcomes of patients 60 years or older after receiving minimally toxic nonmyeloablative allogeneic HCT. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From 1998 to 2008, 372 patients aged 60 to 75 years were enrolled in prospective clinical HCT trials at 18 collaborating institutions using conditioning with low-dose total body irradiation alone or combined with fludarabine, 90 mg/m(2), before related (n = 184) or unrelated (n = 188) donor transplants. Postgrafting immunosuppression included mycophenolate mofetil and a calcineurin inhibitor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall and progression-free survival were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Cumulative incidence estimates were calculated for acute and chronic graft-vs-host disease, toxicities, achievement of full donor chimerism, complete remission, relapse, and nonrelapse mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox regression models. RESULTS Overall, 5-year cumulative incidences of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 27% (95% CI, 22%-32%) and 41% (95% CI, 36%-46%), respectively, leading to 5-year overall and progression-free survival of 35% (95% CI, 30%-40%) and 32% (95% CI, 27%-37%), respectively. These outcomes were not statistically significantly different when stratified by age groups. Furthermore, increasing age was not associated with increases in acute or chronic graft-vs-host disease or organ toxicities. In multivariate models, HCT-specific comorbidity index scores of 1 to 2 (HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.08-2.31]) and 3 or greater (HR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.38-2.80]) were associated with worse survival compared with an HCT-specific comorbidity index score of 0 (P = .003 overall). Similarly, standard relapse risk (HR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.10-2.54]) and high relapse risk (HR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.43-3.43]) were associated with worse survival compared with low relapse risk (P < .001 overall). CONCLUSION Among patients aged 60 to 75 years treated with nonmyeloablative allogeneic HCT, 5-year overall and progression-free survivals were 35% and 32%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Sorror
- Transplantation Biology Program, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Micallef INM, Ho AD, Klein LM, Marulkar S, Gandhi PJ, Calandra G, McSweeney PA. Plerixafor (Mozobil) for stem cell mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma previously treated with lenalidomide. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:350-5. [PMID: 20479709 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lenalidomide and other new agents have considerable activity in multiple myeloma (MM) and have changed the landscape of treatment. Data suggest that lenalidomide therapy before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has a detrimental effect on stem cell mobilization. This retrospective study examined the efficacy of plerixafor in combination with G-CSF among patients with MM previously treated with lenalidomide (median, 4 cycles; range, 1-20 cycles). Data were analyzed for 60 patients who received plerixafor plus G-CSF for frontline mobilization in a phase 3 clinical trial or an expanded access program (n=20) or for remobilization in a compassionate use program (n=40). The overall median number of CD34+ cells collected was 5.6 × 10(6) per kg (range, 0.45 × 10(6)-37.2 × 10(6)). The minimum number of CD34+ cells (2 × 10(6) per kg) was collected from 86.7% of patients in a median of 1 day. This minimum was collected from 100% of patients who underwent frontline mobilization and 80% of patients who underwent remobilization. These data suggest that CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells can be successfully and predictably collected with combination plerixafor plus G-CSF for primary or secondary mobilization in the majority of patients with MM who have been previously treated with lenalidomide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I N M Micallef
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Holmberg LA, Furst DE, McSweeney PA, Nash RA. Thymoglobulin and cyclophosphamide as treatment for diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1839. [PMID: 19671826 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.081268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
|
27
|
Sorror ML, Storer BE, Sandmaier BM, Maris M, Shizuru J, Maziarz R, Agura E, Chauncey TR, Pulsipher MA, McSweeney PA, Wade JC, Bruno B, Langston A, Radich J, Niederwieser D, Blume KG, Storb R, Maloney DG. Five-year follow-up of patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4912-20. [PMID: 18794548 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We reported encouraging early results of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after nonmyeloablative conditioning in 64 patients who had advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we have extended the follow-up to a median of 5 years and have included data on an additional 18 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-two patients, age 42 to 72 years, who had fludarabine-refractory CLL were conditioned with 2 Gy total-body irradiation alone or combined with fludarabine followed by HCT from related (n = 52) or unrelated (n = 30) donors. RESULTS Complete remission (CR) and partial remission were achieved in 55% and 15% of patients, respectively. Higher CR rates were noted after unrelated HCT (67% v 48%). The 5-year incidences of nonrelapse mortality (NRM), progression/relapse, overall survival, and progression-free survival were 23%, 38%, 50%, and 39%, respectively. Among 25 patients initially reported in CR, 8% relapsed and 8% died as a result of NRM, whereas 84% have remained alive and in CR. Among 14 responding patients who were tested and who had molecular eradication of their disease, two died as a result of NRM, two relapsed, and 10 have remained negative. At 5 years, 76% of living patients were entirely well, whereas 24% continued to receive immunosuppression for chronic graft-versus-host disease; the median performance status in each group was 100% and 90%, respectively. Lymphadenopathy > or = 5 cm, but not cytogenetic abnormalities at HCT, predicted relapse. In a risk-stratification model, patients who had lymphadenopathy less than 5 cm and no comorbidities had a 5-year OS of 71%. CONCLUSION Nonmyeloablative HCT resulted in a median survival of 5 years for patients who had fludarabine-refractory CLL with sustained remissions and in the continued resolution of chronic graft-versus-host disease in surviving patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Sorror
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sorror M, Storer B, Sandmaier BM, Maloney DG, Chauncey TR, Langston A, Maziarz RT, Pulsipher M, McSweeney PA, Storb R. Hematopoietic cell transplantation-comorbidity index and Karnofsky performance status are independent predictors of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation. Cancer 2008; 112:1992-2001. [PMID: 18311781 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly and medically infirm cancer patients are increasingly offered allogeneic nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). A better understanding of the impact of health status on HCT outcomes is warranted. Herein, a recently developed HCT-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) was compared with a widely acceptable measure of health status, the Karnofsky performance status (KPS). METHODS The outcomes of 341 patients were evaluated, conditioned for either related or unrelated HCT by 2-gray (Gy) total body irradiation given alone or combined with fludarabine at a dose of 90 mg/m(2). Comorbidities were assessed retrospectively by the HCT-CI. Performance status before and toxicities after HCT were graded prospectively using the KPS and National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity criteria, respectively. RESULTS Weak Spearman rank correlations were noted between HCT-CI and KPS and between the 2 measures and age, number of prior chemotherapy regimens, and intervals between diagnosis and HCT (all r < 0.20). High-risk diseases correlated significantly with higher mean HCT-CI scores (P = .009) but not low KPS (P = .37). In multivariate models, the HCT-CI had significantly greater independent predictive power for toxicities (P = .004), nonrelapse mortality (P = .0002), and overall mortality (P = .0002) compared with the KPS (P = .05, .13, and .05, respectively). Using consolidated HCT-CI and KPS scores, patients were stratified into 4 risk groups with 2-year survivals of 68%, 58%, 41%, and 32%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HCT-CI and KPS should be assessed simultaneously before HCT. The use of both tools combined likely refines risk-stratification for HCT outcomes. Novel guidelines for assessment of performance status among HCT patients are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sorror
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kahl C, Storer BE, Sandmaier BM, Mielcarek M, Maris MB, Blume KG, Niederwieser D, Chauncey TR, Forman SJ, Agura E, Leis JF, Bruno B, Langston A, Pulsipher MA, McSweeney PA, Wade JC, Epner E, Bo Petersen F, Bethge WA, Maloney DG, Storb R. Relapse risk in patients with malignant diseases given allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning. Blood 2007; 110:2744-8. [PMID: 17595333 PMCID: PMC1988951 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-078592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after nonmyeloablative conditioning for hematologic malignancies depends on graft-versus-tumor effects for eradication of cancer. Here, we estimated relapse risks according to disease characteristics. Between 1997 and 2006, 834 consecutive patients (median age, 55 years; range, 5-74 years) received related (n = 498) or unrelated (n = 336) HCT after 2 Gy total body irradiation alone (n = 171) or combined with fludarabine (90 mg/m(2); n = 663). Relapse rates per patient year (PY) at risk, corrected for follow-up and competing nonrelapse mortality, were calculated for 29 different diseases and stages. The overall relapse rate per PY was 0.36. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) in remission (CR), low-grade or mantle cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (CR + partial remission [PR]), and high-grade NHL-CR had the lowest rates (0.00-0.24; low risk). In contrast, patients with advanced myeloid and lymphoid malignancies had rates of more than 0.52 (high risk). Patients with lymphoproliferative diseases not in CR (except Hodgkin lymphoma and high-grade NHL) and myeloid malignancies in CR had rates of 0.26-0.37 (standard risk). In conclusion, patients with low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders experienced the lowest relapse rates, whereas patients with advanced myeloid and lymphoid malignancies had high relapse rates after nonmyeloablative HCT. The latter might benefit from cytoreductive treatment before HCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kahl
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baron F, Sandmaier BM, Storer BE, Maris MB, Langston AA, Lange T, Petersdorf E, Bethge W, Maziarz RT, McSweeney PA, Pulsipher MA, Wade JC, Chauncey TR, Shizuru JA, Sorror ML, Woolfrey AE, Maloney DG, Storb R. Extended mycophenolate mofetil and shortened cyclosporine failed to reduce graft-versus-host disease after unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13:1041-8. [PMID: 17697966 PMCID: PMC1986679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported data from 103 patients with hematologic malignancies (median age 54 years) who received peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts from HLA-matched unrelated donors after nonmyeloablative conditioning and were given postgrafting immunosuppression consisting of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; administered from day 0 until day +40 with taper through day +96) and cyclosporine (CSP; given from day -3 to day +100, with taper through day 180) (historical patients). The incidences of grade II-IV acute and extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD, cGVHD) were 52% and 49%, respectively, and the 1-year probabilities of relapse, nonrelapse mortality (NRM), and progression-free survival (PFS) were 26%, 18%, and 56%, respectively. Here, we treated 71 patients with hematologic malignancies (median age 56 years) with unrelated PBSC grafts and investigated whether postgrafting immunosuppression with an extended course of MMF, given at full dosing until day +150 and then tapered through day +180, and a shortened course of CSP, through day +80, would promote tolerance induction and reduce the incidence of GVHD (current patients). We observed 77% grade II-IV aGVHD and 45% extensive cGVHD (P=.03, and P=.43, respectively, in current compared to historical patients). The 1-year probabilities of relapse, NRM, and PFS were 23%, 29%, and 47%, respectively (P=.89, P=.02, and P=.08 compared to the historical patients). We conclude that postgrafting immunosuppression with extended MMF and shortened CSP failed to decrease the incidence of GVHD among unrelated PBSC recipients given nonmyeloablative conditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda M. Sandmaier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barry E. Storer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael B. Maris
- Rocky Mountain Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Effie Petersdorf
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas R. Chauncey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Ann E. Woolfrey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David G. Maloney
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rainer Storb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nash RA, McSweeney PA, Crofford LJ, Abidi M, Chen CS, Godwin JD, Gooley TA, Holmberg L, Henstorf G, LeMaistre CF, Mayes MD, McDonagh KT, McLaughlin B, Molitor JA, Nelson JL, Shulman H, Storb R, Viganego F, Wener MH, Seibold JR, Sullivan KM, Furst DE. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for severe systemic sclerosis: long-term follow-up of the US multicenter pilot study. Blood 2007; 110:1388-96. [PMID: 17452515 PMCID: PMC1939909 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-072389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
More effective therapeutic strategies are required for patients with poor-prognosis systemic sclerosis (SSc). A phase 2 single-arm study of high-dose immunosuppressive therapy (HDIT) and autologous CD34-selected hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was conducted in 34 patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc. HDIT included total body irradiation (800 cGy) with lung shielding, cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg), and equine antithymocyte globulin (90 mg/kg). Neutrophil and platelet counts were recovered by 9 (range, 7 to 13) and 11 (range, 7 to 25) days after HCT, respectively. Seventeen of 27 (63%) evaluable patients who survived at least 1 year after HDIT had sustained responses at a median follow-up of 4 (range, 1 to 8) years. There was a major improvement in skin (modified Rodnan skin score, -22.08; P < .001) and overall function (modified Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, -1.03; P < .001) at final evaluation. Importantly, for the first time, biopsies confirmed a statistically significant decrease of dermal fibrosis compared with baseline (P < .001). Lung, heart, and kidney function, in general, remained clinically stable. There were 12 deaths during the study (transplantation-related, 8; SSc-related, 4). The estimated progression-free survival was 64% at 5 years. Sustained responses including a decrease in dermal fibrosis were observed exceeding those previously reported with other therapies. HDIT and autologous HCT for SSc should be evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Nash
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suter SE, Gouthro TA, O'Malley T, Hartnett BJ, McSweeney PA, Moore PF, Felsburg PJ, Haskins ME, Henthorn PS. Marking of peripheral T-lymphocytes by retroviral transduction and transplantation of CD34+ cells in a canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 117:183-96. [PMID: 17442404 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A retrovirus vector containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein complimentary DNA (EGFP cDNA) was used to mark and dynamically follow vector-expressing cells in the peripheral blood of bone marrow transplanted X-linked severe combined immunodeficient dogs. CD34(+) cells isolated from young normal dogs were transduced, using a 2 day protocol, with an amphotropic retroviral vector that expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and the canine common gamma chain (gammac) cDNAs. Following transplantation of the transduced cells, normal donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) appeared by 1 month post-bone marrow transplant (BMT) and rescued three of five treated dogs from their lethal immunodeficiency. PCR and flow cytometric analysis of post-BMT PBL documented the peripheral EGFP expressing cells as CD3(+) T cells, which varied from 0% to 28%. Sorting of EGFP(+) and EGFP(-) peripheral blood T cells from two dogs, followed by vector PCR analysis, showed no evidence of vector shutdown. EGFP expression in B cells or monocytes was not detected. These marking experiments demonstrate that the transduction protocol did not abolish the lymphoid engraftment capability of ex vivo transduced canine CD34(+) cells and supports the potential utility of the MSCV retroviral vector for gene transfer to XSCID affected canine hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Suter
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Georges GE, Maris MB, Maloney DG, Sandmaier BM, Sorror ML, Shizuru JA, Lange T, Agura ED, Bruno B, McSweeney PA, Pulsipher MA, Chauncey TR, Mielcarek M, Storer BE, Storb R. Nonmyeloablative unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation to treat patients with poor-risk, relapsed, or refractory multiple myeloma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007; 13:423-32. [PMID: 17287157 PMCID: PMC1950939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine long-term outcome of unrelated donor nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with poor-risk multiple myeloma. A total of 24 patients were enrolled; 17 patients (71%) had chemotherapy-refractory disease, and 14 (58%) experienced disease relapse or progression after previous autologous transplantation. Thirteen patients underwent planned autologous transplantation followed 43-135 days later with unrelated transplantation, whereas 11 proceeded directly to unrelated transplantation. All 24 patients were treated with fludarabine (90 mg/m(2)) and 2 Gy of total body irradiation before HLA-matched unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Postgrafting immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. The median follow-up was 3 years after allografting. One patient experienced nonfatal graft rejection. The incidences of acute grades II and III and chronic graft-versus-host disease were 54%, 13%, and 75%, respectively. The 3-year nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 21%. Complete responses were observed in 10 patients (42%); partial responses, in 4 (17%). At 3 years, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 61% and 33%, respectively. Patients receiving tandem autologous-unrelated transplantation had superior OS and PFS (77% and 51%) compared with patients proceeding directly to unrelated donor transplantation (44% and 11%) (PFS P value = .03). In summary, for patients with poor-risk, relapsed, or refractory multiple myeloma, cytoreductive autologous HCT followed by nonmyeloablative conditioning and unrelated HCT is an effective treatment approach, with low NRM, high complete remission rates, and prolonged disease-free survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Georges
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, D1-100, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maris MB, Sandmaier BM, Storer BE, Maloney DG, Shizuru JA, Agura E, Kliem C, Pulsipher M, Maziarz RT, McSweeney PA, Wade J, Langston AA, Chauncey TR, Bruno B, Blume KG, Storb R. Unrelated donor granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning: the effect of postgrafting mycophenolate mofetil dosing. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12:454-65. [PMID: 16545729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported results in 71 patients with advanced hematologic malignancies given HLA-matched unrelated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cell (G-PBMC) grafts after fludarabine 90 mg/m(2), 2 Gy of total body irradiation, and postgrafting mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 15 mg/kg twice daily and cyclosporine 6.25 mg/kg twice daily orally. Graft rejection was 15%; the cumulative probability of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 52%. According to MMF pharmacokinetic studies, which showed a short half-life of its active metabolite, mycophenolic acid, we increased MMF dosing from 15 mg/kg twice daily to 15 mg/kg 3 times daily to increase immunosuppression and reduce the incidence of both graft rejection and acute GVHD. Among 103 patients so treated, graft rejection occurred in 5%, whereas acute GVHD remained at 53%. Outcomes were compared with results of previous G-PBMC recipients given MMF twice daily. Infection rates were slightly higher with MMF 3 times daily than with MMF twice daily. Nevertheless, 2-year nonrelapse mortality and overall and progression-free survivals were similar for MMF 3-times-daily and twice-daily patients (19%, 58%, and 49% versus 20%, 48%, and 37%, respectively). Nonmyeloablative conditioning with postgrafting cyclosporine and MMF given 3 times daily allowed 95% durable engraftment of unrelated donor G-PBMC grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Maris
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Suter SE, Gouthro TA, McSweeney PA, Nash RA, Haskins ME, Felsburg PJ, Henthorn PS. Optimized Transduction of Canine Paediatric CD34+ Cells Using an MSCV-based Bicistronic Vector. Vet Res Commun 2006; 30:881-901. [PMID: 17139538 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-3356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have used a murine MSCV-based bicistronic retroviral vector, containing the common gamma chain (gammac) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cDNAs, to optimize retroviral transduction of canine cells, including an adherent canine thymus fibroblast cell line, Cf2Th, as well as normal canine CD34(+) bone marrow (BM) cells. Both canine cell types were shown to express Ram-1 (the amphotropic retroviral receptor) mRNA. Supernatants containing infectious viruses were produced using both stable (PA317) and transient (Phoenix cells) amphotropic virus producer cell lines. Centrifugation (spinfection) combined with the addition of polybrene produced the highest transduction efficiencies, infecting approximately 75% of Cf2Th cells. An average of 11% of highly enriched canine CD34(+) cells could be transduced in a protocol that utilized spinfection and plates coated with the fibronectin fragment CH-296 (Retronectin). Indirect assays showed the vector-encoded canine gammac cDNA produced a gammac protein that was expressed on the cell surface of transduced cells. This strategy may result in the transduction of sufficient numbers of CD34(+) BM cells to make the treatment of canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency and other canine genetic diseases feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Suter
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Studies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Storek J, Nash RA, McSweeney PA, Furst DE, Sullivan KM. Normal interleukin-7 (IL7) levels and normal IL7 response to CD4 T lymphopenia in patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2006; 121:118-9. [PMID: 16844418 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
37
|
Sullivan KM, McSweeney PA, Nash RA. Cyclophosphamide in scleroderma lung disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:1173-4; author reply 1174. [PMID: 16977701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
|
38
|
Baron F, Storb R, Storer BE, Maris MB, Niederwieser D, Shizuru JA, Chauncey TR, Bruno B, Forman SJ, McSweeney PA, Maziarz RT, Pulsipher MA, Agura ED, Wade J, Sorror M, Maloney DG, Sandmaier BM. Factors associated with outcomes in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning after failed myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:4150-7. [PMID: 16896000 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.06.9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have investigated the feasibility of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (HCTs) after reduced-intensity conditioning in patients who experienced relapse after myeloablative HCT. Although most studies showed relatively low nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates and encouraging short-term results, it has yet to be defined which patients would benefit most from these approaches. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 147 patients with hematologic malignancies who experienced treatment failure with conventional autologous (n = 135), allogeneic (n = 10), or syngeneic (n = 2) HCT and were treated with HLA-matched related (n = 62) or unrelated (n = 85) grafts after conditioning with 2 Gy of total-body irradiation with or without fludarabine. RESULTS Three-year probabilities of NRM, relapse, and overall survival were 32%, 48%, and 27%, respectively, for related recipients, and 28%, 44%, and 44%, respectively, for unrelated recipients. The best outcomes were observed in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, whereas patients with multiple myeloma and Hodgkin's disease had worse outcomes as a result of high incidences of relapse and progression. Being in partial remission (PR) or complete remission (CR) at HCT (P = .002) and developing chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; P = .03) resulted in lower risks of relapse and progression. Factors associated with better overall survival were PR or CR (P = .01) and lack of comorbidity (P = .03) at HCT and absence of acute GVHD after HCT (P = .06). CONCLUSION Encouraging outcomes were seen with allogeneic HCT after nonmyeloablative conditioning in selected patients who had experienced relapse after a high-dose HCT, particularly in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results with unrelated grafts were comparable with results with related grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Baron
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nash RA, McSweeney PA, Nelson JL, Wener M, Georges GE, Langston AA, Shulman H, Sullivan KM, Lee J, Henstorf G, Storb R, Furst DE. Allogeneic marrow transplantation in patients with severe systemic sclerosis: resolution of dermal fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:1982-6. [PMID: 16732546 PMCID: PMC2956579 DOI: 10.1002/art.21908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after myeloablative conditioning in patients with severe systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Eligibility criteria for the study included SSc patients with features indicative of a poor prognosis. The myeloablative conditioning regimen included busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin. Prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate. Bone marrow was transplanted from HLA-identical siblings. RESULTS Two patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and lung involvement who were refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatment were enrolled in the study. In patient 1, there were no complications related to the conditioning regimen, and GVHD did not develop after transplantation. At 5 years after HCT, there was nearly complete resolution of the scleroderma and marked improvement in physical functioning. Internal organ function improved (lung) or remained stable. On examination of serial skin biopsy samples, there was resolution of the dermal fibrosis. Patient 2 experienced skin toxicity from the conditioning regimen and hypertensive crisis that was likely related to high-dose corticosteroids given for treatment of GVHD. Although this patient experienced an improvement in scleroderma and overall functioning, a fatal opportunistic infection developed 17 months after HCT. CONCLUSION Allogeneic HCT may result in sustained remission of SSc. GVHD and opportunistic infections are the major risks associated with allogeneic HCT for SSc, as for allogeneic HCT in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Nash
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Deeg HJ, O'Donnell M, Tolar J, Agarwal R, Harris RE, Feig SA, Territo MC, Collins RH, McSweeney PA, Copelan EA, Khan SP, Woolfrey A, Storer B. Optimization of conditioning for marrow transplantation from unrelated donors for patients with aplastic anemia after failure of immunosuppressive therapy. Blood 2006; 108:1485-91. [PMID: 16684959 PMCID: PMC1895515 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-005041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 87 patients with aplastic anemia who failed to respond to immunosuppressive treatment, we determined the minimal dose of total body irradiation (TBI) required when added to antithymocyte globulin (ATG, 30 mg/kg x 3) plus cyclophosphamide (CY, 50 mg/kg x 4) to achieve engraftment of unrelated donor marrow. TBI was started at 3 x 200 cGy, to be escalated or deescalated in steps of 200 cGy depending on graft failure or toxicity. Patients were aged 1.3 to 53.5 years (median, 18.6 years). The interval from diagnosis to transplantation was 3 to 328 months (median, 14.6 months). Donors were HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ identical for 62 patients, and nonidentical for 1 to 3 HLA loci at the antigen or allele level for 25. The dose-limiting toxicity was diffuse pulmonary injury. The optimum TBI dose was 1 x 200 cGy. Nine patients did not tolerate ATG and were prepared with CY + TBI. Graft failure occurred in 5% of patients. With a median follow-up of 7 years, 38 (61%) of 62 HLA-identical, and 10 (40%) of 25 HLA-nonidentical transplant recipients are surviving. The highest survival rate with HLA-identical transplants was observed at 200 cGy TBI. Thus, low-dose TBI + CY + ATG conditioning resulted in excellent outcome of unrelated transplants in patients with aplastic anemia who had received multiple transfusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Joachim Deeg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Mail Stop D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nieto Y, Patton N, Hawkins T, Spearing R, Bearman SI, Jones RB, Shpall EJ, Rabinovitch R, Zeng C, Barón A, McSweeney PA. Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil after nonmyeloablative matched-sibling donor allogeneic stem-cell transplantations conditioned with fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12:217-25. [PMID: 16443519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis after a nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) from a matched sibling donor (MSD). Thirty-two patients (median age, 57 years) with advanced hematologic malignancies, who were poor candidates for a conventional myeloablative transplantation, received fludarabine (30 mg/m(2), day -4 to day -2), total-body irradiation (TBI) (200 cGy, day 0), infusion of donor peripheral blood progenitor cells (day 0), oral tacrolimus 0.06 mg/kg twice daily (from day 3), and oral MMF at 15 mg/kg twice daily (days 0-+27). Tacrolimus was tapered from day +100 to day +180 in those patients with indolent malignancies (n = 25), and from day +35 to day +56 in those with aggressive tumors (n = 7). Regimen toxicities and myelosuppression were mild, allowing 75% of patients to have entirely outpatient transplantations. One patient (3%) experienced a nonfatal graft rejection. Rates of grades II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD were 15.6% and 3%, respectively. Acute GVHD was diagnosed at median day +78 (range, days +31-+84). Extensive chronic GVHD was observed in 10 of 24 evaluable patients (41.6%) at a median onset of day +198 (range, days +128-+277), either spontaneously (n = 5) or elicited after tumor progression (n = 5). Five patients experienced transplantation-related mortality (TRM) (15.6%) from either acute GVHD-related multiorgan failure (MOF) (n = 3) or infectious complications (n = 2). At median follow-up of 19 months (range, 2-41 months), the overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival rates are 62.5%, 50%, and 40%, respectively. In conclusion, the use of tacrolimus/MMF after MSD NST is associated with encouraging rates of GVHD control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yago Nieto
- Bone Marrow Transplant Programs, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) following myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) occurs in 20% of survivors at 1 year and is believed to be due to radiation nephritis. Non-myeloablative allogeneic HCT is a recent procedure that employs significantly lower doses of chemoradiotherapy, however, incidence and risk factors for CKD following non-myleoablative HCT have not been defined. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 122 patients from three institutions who were available for analysis at 6 months following non-myeloablative HCT. Patients received two Gy of radiation; 62% received fludarabine as preconditioning. CKD was defined as at least a 25% reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from baseline using the abbreviated modified diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. Eighty-one of 122 patients (66%) showed evidence of CKD at follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed that acute renal failure (ARF) during the first 100 days post-transplant was associated with development of CKD (Adjusted OR 32.8 with 95% CI 4.3-250) after controlling for other variables. Previous autologous HCT, long-term calcineurin inhibitor use and extensive chronic GVHD were independently associated with CKD. CKD following non-myeloablative HCT appears to be a distinct clinical entity and likely not related to radiation nephritis. Future research should focus on possible mechanisms for alleviating chronic injury and decreasing use of calcineurin inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Weiss
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Griffith LM, Pavletic SZ, Tyndall A, Bredeson CN, Bowen JD, Childs RW, Gratwohl A, van Laar JM, Mayes MD, Martin R, McSweeney PA, Muraro PA, Openshaw H, Saccardi R, Sandmaier BM, Forman SJ, Nash RA. Feasibility of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Autoimmune Disease: Position Statement from a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Cancer Institute–Sponsored International Workshop, Bethesda, MD, March 12 and 13, 2005. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11:862-70. [PMID: 16275589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Griffith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gutman JA, Bearman SI, Nieto Y, Sweetenham JW, Jones RB, Shpall EJ, Zeng C, Baron A, McSweeney PA. Autologous transplantation followed closely by reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation as consolidative immunotherapy in advanced lymphoma patients: a feasibility study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:443-51. [PMID: 15995712 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report outcomes in advanced lymphoma patients (n = 32) who enrolled in a trial of prospectively planned combined autologous/reduced-intensity transplantation (RIT) (n = 25) or who received RIT shortly after prior autografting because of high relapse risk or progressive disease (n = 7). Nine patients on the autologous/RIT transplant protocol did not proceed to planned RIT because of patient choice (n = 4), disease progression (n = 3), toxicity (n = 1), or no adequate donor (n = 1). Among the 23 other patients, RIT was started a median of 59 days (range 31-123) after autologous transplant. Fifteen patients had related donors, five patients had unrelated donors, and three patients had cord blood donors. Among all patients completing RIT, the median overall survival time was 385 days (95% CI 272-792), and the median relapse-free survival time was 157 days (95% CI 119-385). At the time of reporting, six patients (26%) remain alive and three patients (13%) remain alive without relapse. The 100-day transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 9% among all patients and was 0% among matched sibling donors. Overall TRM was 43%. Tandem transplant is feasible in advanced lymphoma with low early TRM. However, practical challenges associated with the strategy were significant and high levels of late TRM due to graft-versus-host disease and infections suggest that modifications of the procedure will be needed to improve outcomes and patient retention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Gutman
- Department of Medicine, Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Baron F, Maris MB, Storer BE, Sandmaier BM, Stuart MJ, McSweeney PA, Radich JP, Pulsipher MA, Agura ED, Chauncey TR, Maloney DG, Shizuru JA, Storb R. HLA-matched unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11:272-9. [PMID: 15812392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.12.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated 10/10 HLA antigen-matched unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine 3 x 30 mg/m2 and 2 Gy of total body irradiation as treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who were ineligible for conventional HCT. Data from 21 consecutive patients in first chronic phase (CP1; n = 12), accelerated phase (AP; n = 5), second CP (CP2; n = 3), and blast crisis (n = 1) were analyzed. Stem cell sources were bone marrow (n = 4) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (G-PBMCs; n = 17). The patient who underwent transplantation in blast crisis died on day 21 (too early to be evaluated for engraftment) from progressive disease. Sustained engraftment was achieved in 5 of 12 patients who underwent transplantation in CP1, 4 of 5 patients who underwent transplantation in AP, and 2 of 3 patients who underwent transplantation in CP2, whereas 9 patients rejected their grafts between 28 and 400 days after HCT. Specifically, 1 of 4 marrow recipients and 10 of 17 G-PBMC recipients achieved sustained engraftment. Graft rejections were nonfatal in all cases and were followed by autologous reconstitution with persistence or recurrence of chronic myeloid leukemia. Seven of 11 patients with sustained engraftment--including all 5 patients in CP1, 2 of 4 patients in AP, and neither of the 2 patients in CP2--were alive in complete cytogenetic remissions 118 to 1205 days (median, 867 days) after HCT. Two of the remaining 4 patients died of nonrelapse causes in complete (n = 1) or major (n = 1) cytogenetic remissions, and 2 died of progressive disease. Further efforts are directed at reducing the risk of graft rejection by exclusive use of G-PBMC and increasing the degree of pretransplantation immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Baron
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nieto Y, Shpall EJ, Bearman SI, McSweeney PA, Cagnoni PJ, Matthes S, Gustafson D, Long M, Barón AE, Jones RB. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of docetaxel combined with melphalan and carboplatin, with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell support, in patients with advanced refractory malignancies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005; 11:297-306. [PMID: 15812395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define the maximal tolerated dose (MTD), extramedullary toxicities, and pharmacokinetics of docetaxel combined with high-dose melphalan and carboplatin with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell support. Fifty-nine patients with advanced refractory malignancy (32 breast cancer, 10 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 6 germ cell tumors, 4 Hodgkin disease, 4 ovarian cancer, 2 sarcoma, and 1 unknown primary adenocarcinoma) with a median of 3 prior chemotherapy regimens and a median of 3 organs involved were enrolled. Treatment included docetaxel (150-550 mg/m2 infused over 2 hours on day -6), melphalan (150-165 mg/m2 infused over 15 minutes from day -5 to -3), and carboplatin (1000-1300 mg/m2 as a 72-hour continuous infusion from day -5). Five patients died from direct regimen-related organ toxicity (2 capillary leak syndrome, 2 enterocolitis, and 1 hepatic toxicity), and 1 additional patient died from pulmonary aspergillosis. The docetaxel MTD was defined as 400 mg/m 2 , combined with melphalan (150 mg/m2 ) and carboplatin (1000 mg/m2 ). The MTD cohort was expanded to enroll a total of 26 patients, 1 of whom died from toxic enterocolitis. The remaining 25 patients presented the following extramedullary toxicity profile, which was manageable and largely reversible: stomatitis, myoarthralgias, peripheral neuropathy, gastrointestinal and cutaneous toxicities, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Docetaxel exhibited linear pharmacokinetics in the dose range tested (150-550 mg/m2 ). Pharmacodynamic correlations were noted between the docetaxel area under the curve and peripheral neuropathy or stomatitis. The response rate among 38 patients with measurable disease was 95%, with 47% complete responses. At a median follow-up of 26 months (range, 7-72 months), the 3-year event-free survival and overall survival were 26% and 36%, respectively. In conclusion, a 4-fold dose escalation of docetaxel, combined with melphalan and carboplatin, is feasible with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell support. The notable activity of this regimen in treatment-refractory patients warrants its further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yago Nieto
- University of Colorado Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Denver, Colorado, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Storek J, Zhao Z, Lin E, Berger T, McSweeney PA, Nash RA, Akatsuka Y, Metcalf MD, Lu H, Kalina T, Reindl M, Storb R, Hansen JA, Sullivan KM, Kraft GH, Furst DE, Maloney DG. Recovery from and consequences of severe iatrogenic lymphopenia (induced to treat autoimmune diseases). Clin Immunol 2004; 113:285-98. [PMID: 15507394 PMCID: PMC2956741 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To ascertain the consequences of severe leukopenia and the tempo of recovery, we studied the immunity of 56 adult patients treated for multiple sclerosis or systemic sclerosis with autologous CD34 cell transplantation using extremely lymphoablative conditioning. NK cell, monocyte, and neutrophil counts recovered to normal by 1 month; dendritic cell and B cell counts by 6 months; and T cell counts by 2 years posttransplant, although CD4 T cell counts remained borderline low. Initial peripheral expansion was robust for CD8 T cells but only moderate for CD4 T cells. Subsequent thymopoiesis was slow, especially in older patients. Importantly, levels of antibodies, including autoantibodies, did not drop substantially. Infections were frequent during the first 6 months, when all immune cells were deficient, and surprisingly rare (0.21 per patient year) at 7-24 months posttransplant, when only T cells (particularly CD4 T cells) were deficient. In conclusion, peripheral expansion of CD8 but not CD4 T cells is highly efficient. Prolonged CD4 lymphopenia is associated with relatively few infections, possibly due to antibodies produced by persisting pretransplant plasma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Storek
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nieto Y, Vredenburgh JJ, Shpall EJ, Bearman SI, McSweeney PA, Chao N, Rizzieri D, Gasparetto C, Matthes S, Barón AE, Jones RB. Phase II feasibility and pharmacokinetic study of concurrent administration of trastuzumab and high-dose chemotherapy in advanced HER2+ breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:7136-43. [PMID: 15534084 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety of concurrent treatment with trastuzumab and high-dose chemotherapy (HDC), using cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells support, in patients with HER2+ advanced breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with HER2-overexpressing high-risk primary breast cancer (HRPBC; defined as > or =4 involved nodes or inflammatory disease), or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) were eligible. Treatment consisted of a loading dose of trastuzumab at 4 mg/kg (day -5), HDC (days -5 to -2), autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells infusion on day 0, and weekly maintenance trastuzumab (2 mg/kg) from day +1 (minimum of 9 doses). Cardiac monitoring included serial left ventricular ejection fraction measurements before treatment and on days +20 and +65. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were prospectively enrolled (13 HRPBC, 20 MBC). Toxicity seemed similar to that expected with this HDC regimen alone. Neutrophils and platelets engrafted promptly. There were no cases of grade 4 or 5 toxicity. One patient experienced symptomatic grade 3 acute cardiac failure on day -4, responsive to treatment. Trastuzumab did not alter the pharmacokinetics of HDC. Eleven of twelve MBC patients with measurable disease (nine of them refractory to previous chemotherapy) experienced an objective response (9 complete and 2 partial responses). At median follow-up of 34 (13-58) months, all HRPBC patients remain alive and free of disease; the MBC group has event-free survival and overall survival rates of 45 and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of trastuzumab into HDC (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and BCNU) is feasible, with no apparent increased toxicity or pharmacokinetic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yago Nieto
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program and Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Suter SE, Gouthro TA, McSweeney PA, Nash RA, Haskins ME, Felsburg PJ, Henthorn PS. Isolation and characterization of pediatric canine bone marrow CD34+ cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 101:31-47. [PMID: 15261691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2003] [Revised: 02/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the dog has been a valuable model for bone marrow transplantation studies, with many of the advances achieved in the dog being directly transferable to human clinical bone marrow transplantation protocols. In addition, dogs are also a source of many well-characterized homologues of human genetic diseases, making them an ideal large animal model in which to evaluate gene therapy protocols. It is generally accepted that progenitor cells for many human hematopoietic cell lineages reside in the CD34+ fraction of cells from bone marrow, cord blood, or peripheral blood. In addition, CD34+ cells are the current targets for human gene therapy of diseases involving the hematopoietic system. In this study, we have isolated and characterized highly enriched populations of canine CD34+ cells isolated from dogs 1 week to 3 months of age. Bone marrow isolated from 2- to 3-week-old dogs contained up to 18% CD34+ cells and this high percentage dropped sharply with age. In in vitro 6-day liquid suspension cultures, CD34+ cells harvested from 3-week-old dogs expanded almost two times more than those from 3-month-old dogs and the cells from younger dogs were also more responsive to human Flt-3 ligand (Flt3L). In culture, the percent and number of CD34+ cells from both ages of dogs dropped sharply between 2 and 4 days, although the number of CD34+ cells at day 6 of culture was higher for cells harvested from the younger dogs. CD34+ cells harvested from both ages of dogs had similar enrichment and depletion values in CFU-GM methylcellulose assays. Canine CD34+/Rho123lo cells expressed c-kit mRNA while the CD34+/Rhohi cells did not. When transplanted to a sub-lethally irradiated recipient, CD34+ cells from 1- to 3-week-old dogs gave rise to both myeloid and lymphoid lineages in the periphery. This study demonstrates that canine CD34+ bone marrow cells have similar in vitro and in vivo characteristics as human CD34+ cells. In addition, ontogeny-related functional differences reported for human CD34+ cells appear to exist in the dog as well, suggesting pediatric CD34+ cells may be better targets for gene transfer than adult bone marrow. The demonstration of similarities between canine and human CD34+ cells enhances the dog as a large, preclinical model to evaluate strategies for improving bone marrow transplantation protocols, for gene therapy protocols that target CD34+ cells, and to study the engraftment potential of various cell populations that may contain hematopoietic progenitor cell activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Suter
- Section of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey St., Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nieto Y, Shpall EJ, McNiece IK, Nawaz S, Beaudet J, Rosinski S, Pellom J, Slat-Vasquez V, McSweeney PA, Bearman SI, Murphy J, Jones RB. Prognostic analysis of early lymphocyte recovery in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy with an autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:5076-86. [PMID: 15297410 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of early posttransplant lymphocyte recovery in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the effect of the absolute lymphocyte count on day +15 posttransplant on freedom from relapse and overall survival in patients with high-risk primary breast cancer or metastatic breast cancer, enrolled between 1990 and 2001 in prospective high-dose chemotherapy trials, using a uniform regimen of cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. RESULTS Four hundred and seventy-six patients (264 high-risk primary breast cancer and 212 metastatic breast cancer patients) were evaluated at median follow-up of 8 years (range, 1.5-11 years). The disease-free survival and overall survival rates in the high-risk primary breast cancer group were 67% and 70%, respectively. Patients with metastatic breast cancer patients had 21.8% disease-free survival and 31.5% overall survival rates. Day +15 absolute lymphocyte count correlated with freedom from relapse (P = 0.007) and overall survival (P = 0.04) in the metastatic breast cancer group, but not in the high-risk primary breast cancer group (P = 0.5 and 0.8, respectively). The prognostic effect of absolute lymphocyte count in metastatic breast cancer was restricted to those patients receiving unmanipulated peripheral blood progenitor cells (P = 0.04). In contrast, absolute lymphocyte count had no significant effect in those metastatic breast cancer patients receiving bone marrow or a CD34-selected product. In multivariate analyses, the prognostic effect of day +15 absolute lymphocyte count in metastatic breast cancer was independent of other predictors, such as disease status, pre-high-dose chemotherapy treatment, number of tumor sites, or HER2. CONCLUSIONS Early lymphocyte recovery is an independent outcome predictor in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and an autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant. These observations suggest that immune strategies targeting minimal posttransplant residual disease may prove worthwhile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yago Nieto
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program and Departments of Pathology and Biostatistics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|