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Ji Y, Weng Z, Fish P, Goyal N, Luo M, Myears SP, Strawn TL, Chandrasekar B, Wu J, Fay WP. Pharmacological Targeting of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Decreases Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2167-2175. [PMID: 27659097 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor that promotes and inhibits cell migration, plays a complex and important role in adverse vascular remodeling. Little is known about the effects of pharmacological PAI-1 inhibitors, an emerging drug class, on migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), crucial mediators of vascular remodeling. We investigated the effects of PAI-039 (tiplaxtinin), a specific PAI-1 inhibitor, on SMC and EC migration in vitro and vascular remodeling in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS PAI-039 inhibited SMC migration through collagen gels, including those supplemented with vitronectin and other extracellular matrix proteins, but did not inhibit migration of PAI-1-deficient SMCs, suggesting that its antimigratory effects were PAI-1-specific and physiologically relevant. However, PAI-039 did not inhibit EC migration. PAI-039 inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 in SMCs, but had no discernable effect on signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 signaling in ECs. Expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, a motogenic PAI-1 receptor that activates Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 signaling, was markedly lower in ECs than in SMCs. Notably, PAI-039 significantly inhibited intimal hyperplasia and inflammation in murine models of adverse vascular remodeling, but did not adversely affect re-endothelialization after endothelium-denuding mechanical vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS PAI-039 inhibits SMC migration and intimal hyperplasia, while having no inhibitory effect on ECs, which seems to be because of differences in PAI-1-dependent low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 signaling between SMCs and ECs. These findings suggest that PAI-1 may be an important therapeutic target in obstructive vascular diseases characterized by neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Zhen Weng
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Philip Fish
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Neha Goyal
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Mao Luo
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Samantha P Myears
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Tammy L Strawn
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Jianbo Wu
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - William P Fay
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO.
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Goyal N, Weng Z, Fish P, Strawn T, Myears S, Ji Y, Wu J, Fay WP. Abstract 188: Selective Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration by Targeting Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the primary inhibitor of mammalian plasminogen activators and an important regulator of cell migration. We have shown that tiplaxtinin, a small molecule, specific inhibitor of PAI-1, inhibits intimal hyperplasia in a murine vein graft model. However, little is known about the effects of pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 on vascular cell migration under physiologically relevant conditions.
Methods:
We studied the effects of tiplaxtinin on migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs).
Results:
Tiplaxtinin significantly inhibited migration of murine SMCs through 3-dimensional (3-D) collagen matrix in a concentration-dependent manner. Tiplaxtinin did not inhibit SMC proliferation, and it did not inhibit migration of PAI-1-deficient SMCs, suggesting that tiplaxtinin’s effect on SMCs was non-toxic and PAI-1-dependent. The anti-migratory effect of tiplaxtinin on SMCs was preserved in collagen 3-D matrix containing vitronectin and other extracellular matrix molecules, further supporting the physiological significance of the effect. In contrast to SMCs, tiplaxtinin did not inhibit migration of human aortic ECs in vitro or murine ECs in vivo, the latter assessed in a murine carotid injury model. To study the basis for the differential effect of tiplaxtinin on SMCs vs. ECs, we compared expression of LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a motogenic receptor for PAI-1, between cell types by RT-PCR and found that LRP1 gene expression was significantly lower in ECs than in SMCs. Furthermore, recombinant PAI-1 stimulated the migration of wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but not LRP1-deficient MEFs.
Conclusions:
Tiplaxtinin, a pharmacological inhibitor of PAI-1, inhibits SMC migration under physiological conditions, while having no inhibitory effect on EC migration. The differential effect of PAI-1 inhibition on SMCs vs. ECs appears to be mediated by LRP1 and may be of clinical significance, as it is advantageous to prevent intimal hyperplasia by inhibiting SMC migration without inhibiting EC migration, which is key to preserving an intact, anti-thrombotic vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goyal
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Zhen Weng
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Philip Fish
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Tammy Strawn
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | - Yan Ji
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - William P Fay
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Univ of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Teirlinck CJ, Bezemer RA, Kollmann C, Lubbers J, Hoskins PR, Ramnarine KV, Fish P, Fredeldt KE, Schaarschmidt UG. Development of an example flow test object and comparison of five of these test objects, constructed in various laboratories. Ultrasonics 1998; 36:653-660. [PMID: 9651595 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-624x(97)00150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Doppler test objects are used to characterise Doppler systems, both stand-alone systems and the Doppler part of so-called duplex scanners. The aim of the project partially presented here is the development and validation of an example of a Doppler test object fulfilling the requirements of the IEC 1685. The project has been carried out by nine partners of five European countries and has been funded by the European Commission. The flow Doppler test object is composed of: tissue mimicking material (TMM), blood mimicking fluid (BMF), tube (embedded in the TMM and carrying the BMF), tank flow system, including a pump and a flow meter. In the normative part of the IEC 1685, requirements are given for the values of acoustical parameters of TMM and BMF such as sound velocity, attenuation and backscattering. For BMF, requirements are given also for values of density and viscosity. In an informative (but not compulsory) annex, a description is given of a flow test object meeting these requirements as an example. 'example test object' developed during the project is composed of TMM based on agar and including SiC- and Al2O3-powders, BMF based on nylon particles suspended in water and glycerine, and a tube of c-flex, a silicon copolymer. Two tube sizes are used: 4.0 mm ID and 8.0 mm ID. During the project, very precise recipes have been developed for the composition and preparation of both TMM and BMF. Based on these recipes and a description of the construction in a design five flow test objects have been constructed in the laboratories of five participants. The test objects have been compared by measurements of the physical parameters and by Doppler measurements of the five test objects with the Doppler system. The measurements have been carried out by five observers. Inter-test object and inter-observer variabilities are determined, yielding information about usefulness of the parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Teirlinck
- TNO Prevention and Health, Division Technology in Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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