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Ji Y, Weng Z, Fish P, Goyal N, Luo M, Myears SP, Strawn TL, Chandrasekar B, Wu J, Fay WP. Pharmacological Targeting of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Decreases Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2167-2175. [PMID: 27659097 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor that promotes and inhibits cell migration, plays a complex and important role in adverse vascular remodeling. Little is known about the effects of pharmacological PAI-1 inhibitors, an emerging drug class, on migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), crucial mediators of vascular remodeling. We investigated the effects of PAI-039 (tiplaxtinin), a specific PAI-1 inhibitor, on SMC and EC migration in vitro and vascular remodeling in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS PAI-039 inhibited SMC migration through collagen gels, including those supplemented with vitronectin and other extracellular matrix proteins, but did not inhibit migration of PAI-1-deficient SMCs, suggesting that its antimigratory effects were PAI-1-specific and physiologically relevant. However, PAI-039 did not inhibit EC migration. PAI-039 inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 in SMCs, but had no discernable effect on signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 signaling in ECs. Expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, a motogenic PAI-1 receptor that activates Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 signaling, was markedly lower in ECs than in SMCs. Notably, PAI-039 significantly inhibited intimal hyperplasia and inflammation in murine models of adverse vascular remodeling, but did not adversely affect re-endothelialization after endothelium-denuding mechanical vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS PAI-039 inhibits SMC migration and intimal hyperplasia, while having no inhibitory effect on ECs, which seems to be because of differences in PAI-1-dependent low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 signaling between SMCs and ECs. These findings suggest that PAI-1 may be an important therapeutic target in obstructive vascular diseases characterized by neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Zhen Weng
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Philip Fish
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Neha Goyal
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Mao Luo
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Samantha P Myears
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Tammy L Strawn
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - Jianbo Wu
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO
| | - William P Fay
- From the Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine (Y.J., Z.W., P.F., N.G., M.L., S.P.M., T.L.S., B.C., J.W., W.P.F.), and the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital (B.C., W.P.F.), Columbia, MO.
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